A cone-washer combined impact-reducing connection buffer capture device for explosive bolts

Abstract

A cone-pad combined impact-reducing connection buffer capture device for explosive bolts is provided. Aiming at the problems that the explosive bolt weakens the structure and has poor performance in bearing wedge loads, which is not conducive to side-hanging use, and generates high-speed moving structural parts during separation and strong impact during capture, a cone-pad combined impact-reducing connection buffer capture device suitable for small and medium-tonnage explosive bolts is provided. The device is also provided with a ball hinge structure that is adapted to the adapter block structure. The wedge load generated by the side-hanging connection on the explosive bolt is converted into a radial tensile load, thereby improving the bearing performance of the explosive bolt, having no effect on the structure and function of the explosive bolt, and having high reliability, good energy absorption and buffering effect, low impact response, and wide adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a cone-washer combined impact-reducing connection buffering and capturing device for explosive bolts, belonging to the technical field of spacecraft structures. Background Art

[0002] A variety of pyrotechnic actuating devices are used in spacecraft. Explosive bolts, among them, are a widely used point-type connection and separation device due to their high reliability and low cost. During actuation, explosive bolts generate high-speed movement of the screw and bolt bodies in both directions along the device's axis. To prevent the moving objects from forming debris and damaging other structures, a catcher is required to capture the high-speed rod-like structure. The resulting deceleration process generates a large shock response, which can have a strong impact on nearby sensitive structures and components, resulting in adverse effects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and solve the problems that the explosive bolt weakens the structure and has poor wedge load bearing performance, which is not conducive to the use of side hanging form, and generates high-speed movement of structural parts during separation and strong impact during capture.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A cone-washer combined impact-reducing connection and buffering capture device for explosive bolts, comprising an upper adapter block, a lower adapter block, a screw-side cone shell, a polytetrafluoroethylene cone head, a locking adapter nut, a frustum nut, a screw-side gland, a screw-side buffer ring, a screw-side rubber pad, a shear-resistant cone sleeve, a ball joint pad, a ball joint seat, a bolt-body-side rubber pad, a bolt-body-side cone shell, a bolt-body-side buffer ring, a bolt-body-side gland, and a polytetrafluoroethylene cone sleeve;

[0006] The upper adapter block and the lower adapter block are respectively connected to the external structure, and the two adapter blocks are connected together by explosive bolts and round cone nuts;

[0007] The lower straight section of the shear-resistant cone sleeve is inserted into the end hole of the lower adapter block, and the upper conical section of the shear-resistant cone sleeve cooperates with the end conical hole of the upper adapter block to form a shear-resistant structure;

[0008] A spherical joint pair is formed between the end face of the bolt body of the explosive bolt and the inner end face of the lower adapter block, which is composed of a spherical joint pad and a spherical joint seat to balance the micro-rotation between the two adapter blocks;

[0009] The locking adapter nut is screwed into the screw of the explosive bolt to compress the cone nut, forming a double-nut anti-loosening structure;

[0010] Screw the PTFE cone head into the external thread of the locking adapter nut and secure it;

[0011] The lower end surface of the screw side rubber pad is tightly attached to the inner end surface of the upper adapter block, and the lower end surface of the screw side cone shell is pressed against the upper end surface of the screw side rubber pad; the screw side buffer ring is inserted into the screw side cone shell and tightly attached to the screw side cone shell; the screw side pressure cover is screwed into the inner circular groove of the upper adapter block to press the screw side buffer ring;

[0012] The rubber pad on the bolt body side cooperates with the ball joint seat to form an installation positioning structure. The cone shell on the bolt body side presses on the rubber pad on the bolt body side. The buffer ring on the bolt body side is inserted into the cone shell on the bolt body side and fits tightly against the cone shell on the bolt body side. The outer thread of the bolt body side gland is screwed into the inner groove of the lower adapter block and presses the buffer ring on the bolt body side.

[0013] The polytetrafluoroethylene cone sleeve is installed in the cone shell on the side of the bolt body and cooperates with the cone shell on the side of the bolt body to buffer and capture the friction deformation of the bolt body that recoils when the explosive bolt separates.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the internal thread of the locking adapter nut is screwed into the screw rod of the explosive bolt, and the hexagonal ring at the lower end presses the frustum nut to form a double-nut anti-loosening structure.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the internal thread of the polytetrafluoroethylene cone head is screwed into the external thread of the locking adapter nut and is connected and fixed to the screw side of the explosive bolt.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the screw side buffer ring is an annular structure and is inserted into the screw side cone shell. The lower end surface of the screw side buffer ring is tightly attached to the upper end surface of the lower end ring of the screw side cone shell.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer thread of the screw-side gland is screwed into the threaded section at the upper portion of the inner circular groove of the upper adapter block, and presses the upper end surface of the screw-side buffer ring.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper end surface of the disc body of the screw side gland is not higher than the upper end surface of the upper adapter block.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the rubber pad on the bolt body side is a circular ring structure with a T-shaped cross-section, the outer diameter of which is consistent with the diameter of the inner circular groove of the lower adapter block, and the inner diameter is consistent with the outer diameter of the lower disk of the ball joint seat, forming an installation positioning structure.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer thread of the bolt body side gland is screwed into the threaded section at the upper portion of the inner circular groove of the lower adapter block and presses the upper end surface of the bolt body side buffer ring.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper end surface of the plate of the bolt body side pressure cover is not higher than the upper end surface of the lower adapter block.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the screw-side buffer ring and the bolt-body-side buffer ring are three-dimensional annular concave hexagonal lattice energy absorption structures or stepped annular rubber spring structures.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The device of the present invention has the advantages of good connectivity, high reliability, good energy absorption and buffering effect, low impact response, light structure and convenient installation, and can provide a good impact environment for spacecraft instruments and equipment.

[0025] (2) The device of the present invention has wide adaptability and can be used in the connection structures of various small and medium tonnage explosive bolts.

[0026] (3) The device of the present invention has good connectivity and is provided with a ball hinge structure that is compatible with the adapter block structure. The wedge load generated by the side hanging connection on the explosive bolt is converted into a radial tensile load, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the explosive bolt.

[0027] (4) The device of the present invention has no impact on the structure and function of the explosive bolt and has high reliability.

[0028] (5) The device of the present invention has good energy absorption and buffering effect, low impact response, and good isolation from pyrotechnic shock, and can provide good environmental conditions for spacecraft components that require a low-impact environment.

[0029] (6) The device of the present invention has a compact structure, small dimensions, light weight and is easy to install. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the cone-pad combined impact reduction connection buffer capture device.

[0031] Figure 2 This is the structural principle diagram of the upper transfer block.

[0032] Figure 3 This is the structural principle diagram of the lower transfer block.

[0033] Figure 4 This is the principle diagram of the screw side cone shell structure.

[0034] Figure 5 This is the structural principle diagram of the polytetrafluoroethylene cone head.

[0035] Figure 6 This is the structural principle diagram of the locking adapter nut.

[0036] Figure 7 This is the principle diagram of the screw side cover structure.

[0037] Figure 8 This is the structural principle diagram of the screw side buffer ring with a concave hexagonal lattice energy absorption structure.

[0038] Figure 9 This is the structural principle diagram of the screw side buffer ring with a variable cross-section rubber spring structure.

[0039] Figure 10 This is the structural principle diagram of the ball joint pad.

[0040] Figure 11 This is the structural principle diagram of the ball joint.

[0041] Figure 12 This is the structural principle diagram of the polytetrafluoroethylene cone sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] A cone-pad combined impact-reducing connection and buffering capture device for explosive bolts includes an upper adapter block 1, a lower adapter block 2, a screw-side cone shell 4, a polytetrafluoroethylene cone head 5, a locking adapter nut 6, a frustum nut 7, a screw-side pressure cap 8, a screw-side buffer ring 9, a screw-side rubber pad 10, a shear-resistant cone sleeve 11, a ball joint pad 12, a ball joint seat 13, a bolt-body-side rubber pad 14, a bolt-body-side cone shell 15, a bolt-body-side buffer ring 16, a bolt-body-side pressure cap 17, and a polytetrafluoroethylene cone sleeve 18. Figure 1 shown.

[0044] The upper adapter block 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure with a circular stepped hole in the middle, and is connected to a connecting structure on one side, such as a satellite side structure, through a flange hole 1.5. The lower adapter block 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped with a circular stepped hole in the middle and a square groove on one side, and is connected to a connecting structure on the other side, such as a rocket side structure, through a flange hole 2.6. The two adapter blocks are connected together by explosive bolts 3 and frustum nuts 7, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown. The lower straight section of the shear cone sleeve 11 is inserted into the end face circular hole 2.5 of the lower adapter block 2, and the upper cone section cooperates with the end face tapered hole 1.6 of the upper adapter block 1 to form a shear structure. A ball joint pair consisting of a ball joint pad 12 and a ball joint seat 13 is set between the end face of the bolt body of the explosive bolt 3 and the inner end face 2.2 of the lower adapter block 2 (as shown in FIG. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown), it is used to balance the micro-rotation between the adapter blocks and improve the ability of the explosive bolt 3 to withstand the wedge load. Figure 6 The internal thread 6.2 of the explosive bolt 3 is screwed into the internal thread 6.2 of the explosive bolt 3, and the hexagonal ring 6.3 at the lower end presses the truncated cone nut 7 to form a double nut anti-loosening structure. Figure 5 The internal thread 5.2 of the adapter nut 6 is screwed into the external thread 6.1 of the locking adapter nut 6 and is connected and fixed to the screw side of the explosive bolt 3.

[0045] The screw side rubber pad 10 is a circular ring structure, and its outer diameter is consistent with the diameter of the inner groove 2.1 of the upper adapter block 1. The lower end surface of the screw side rubber pad 10 is in close contact with the inner end surface 1.2 of the upper adapter block 1. Figure 4The lower end face of the screw side rubber pad 10 is pressed on the upper end face of the screw side rubber pad 10. The screw side buffer ring 9 is an annular structure (as shown) Figure 9 As shown), insert into the screw side cone shell 4. The lower end surface of the screw side buffer ring 9 is tightly attached to the upper end surface 4.1 of the lower end ring of the screw side cone shell 4. Figure 7 The outer thread 8.3 (shown) is screwed into the threaded section 1.4 at the upper portion of the inner groove of the upper adapter block 1, thereby pressing against the upper end surface 9.1 of the screw-side buffer ring 9. The upper end surface 8.2 of the screw-side gland 8 is no higher than the upper end surface 1.3 of the upper adapter block 1.

[0046] The rubber pad 14 on the bolt body side is a circular ring structure with a T-shaped cross section. Its outer diameter is consistent with the diameter of the inner circular groove 2.1 of the lower adapter block 2, and its inner diameter is consistent with the outer diameter of the lower disk 13.2 of the ball joint seat 13, and they cooperate to form an installation and positioning structure. The lower end face of the bolt body side conical shell 15 is pressed on the upper end face of the rubber pad 14 on the bolt body side. The annular bolt body side buffer ring 16 is inserted into the bolt body side conical shell 15, and the lower end face of the bolt body side buffer ring 16 is tightly attached to the upper end face of the lower end ring of the bolt body side conical shell 15. The outer thread of the bolt body side pressure cover 17 is screwed into the threaded section 2.4 on the upper part of the inner circular groove of the lower adapter block 2, and presses the upper end face of the bolt body side buffer ring 16. The upper end face of the disk of the bolt body side pressure cover 17 is not higher than the upper end face 2.3 of the lower adapter block 2.

[0047] The screw side buffer ring 9 and the bolt body side buffer ring 16 can both be a three-dimensional annular concave hexagonal lattice energy absorption structure or a stepped annular rubber spring structure (such as Figure 8 (As shown). The concave hexagonal lattice energy-absorbing structure cell 9.2 has a height of h3, a width of h4, a cell wall thickness a, and a top and bottom wall thickness of 0.5a. When subjected to pressure, it deforms significantly and contracts inward, absorbing impact energy. The stepped ring-shaped rubber spring structure 9.3 has a multi-layered cross-section with a total height a, an inter-ring height d, and an inter-ring width e. Its cross-sectional area is 0.75 that of a rectangular cross-section. During compression, it generates a gradually increasing rebound force, optimizing the impact reduction effect.

[0048] The polytetrafluoroethylene cone sleeve 18 is a thin-walled rotary sleeve structure (such as Figure 12 (As shown), the outer conical surface 18.1 has a semi-conical angle θ, which cooperates with the inner conical surface of the bolt body-side cone shell 15 to form a friction deformation buffer and energy absorption structure. The inner cylindrical surface 18.2 is sleeved over the lower column section of the bolt body of the explosive bolt 3. When the polytetrafluoroethylene cone sleeve 18 deforms and retracts, the inner cylindrical surface 18.2 compresses the lower column section of the bolt body of the explosive bolt 3, capturing and securing the explosive bolt body.

[0049] After the explosive bolt undergoes controlled fracture separation, the bolt shank breaks at the base, pushing the PTFE cone head into the conical section of the screw's housing at high speed. During this movement, the cone surface deforms the housing, absorbing the screw's kinetic energy through friction and deformation. The impact of the cone shell is absorbed or cushioned by the screw's side buffer ring, further reducing the impact on the connecting structures. Once the kinetic energy of the screw is exhausted, the PTFE cone head comes to rest within the conical section of the screw's housing, where it is clamped securely by the deformed housing. Similarly, the bolt body pushes the PTFE cone sleeve into the conical section of the bolt body's housing at high speed, using the cone surface to deform the housing during this movement. Friction and deformation absorb the kinetic energy of the bolt body, reducing the impact. The impact of the cone shell is absorbed or cushioned by the bolt's side buffer ring, further reducing the impact on the connecting structures. Once the kinetic energy of the bolt is exhausted, the PTFE cone sleeve comes to rest within the conical section of the bolt body's housing, where it is clamped securely by the deformed housing.

[0050] More specific:

[0051] A satellite-rocket separation device is formed by combining a certain explosive bolt with a cone pad combined impact reduction connection buffer capture device of the present invention.

[0052] The upper adapter block 1 and the lower adapter block 2 are made of 2A14 aluminum alloy.

[0053] The screw side cone shell 4 and the bolt body side cone shell 15 are made of 2A14 or 7050 aluminum alloy, with a half cone angle Θ=3° and a cone section shell thickness δ=0.7mm.

[0054] The ball joint seat 13 and the ball joint pad 12 are made of Ph13-8Mo precipitation hardened stainless steel, and both surfaces of the spherical pair are coated with MoS2 friction-reducing coating.

[0055] The metal screw-side buffer ring 9 features a double-Σ lattice energy-absorbing structure, manufactured using AlSi10Mg powder particles via 3D printing and then cut to shape. Its characteristic parameters include an angle α of 60°, a cell height h of 4.1 mm, a cell width d of 3.6 mm, and a wall thickness t of 0.4 mm. The lattice feature numbers n1 = 4 and n2 = 3.

[0056] The rubber bolt body side buffer ring 16 is a four-layer rubber ring structure, die-casted from soft silicone rubber, with characteristic parameters of total thickness a = 16.5 mm, interlayer groove height d = 2.5 mm, and interlayer width e = 5 mm.

[0057] The screw side of the explosive bolt is an M12 screw.

[0058] The screw side pressure cover and the bolt body side pressure cover are made of titanium alloy.

[0059] The contents not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belong to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0060] Although the present invention has been disclosed above in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may make possible changes and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cone-washer combined impact-reducing connection buffer capture device for explosive bolts, characterized in that: Including upper adapter block, lower adapter block, screw side cone shell, polytetrafluoroethylene cone head, locking adapter nut, frustum nut, screw side gland, screw side buffer ring, screw side rubber pad, shear cone sleeve, ball joint pad, ball joint seat, bolt body side rubber pad, bolt body side cone shell, bolt body side buffer ring, bolt body side gland, polytetrafluoroethylene cone sleeve; The upper adapter block and the lower adapter block are respectively connected to the external structure, and the two adapter blocks are connected together by explosive bolts and round cone nuts; The lower straight section of the shear-resistant cone sleeve is inserted into the end hole of the lower adapter block, and the upper conical section of the shear-resistant cone sleeve cooperates with the end conical hole of the upper adapter block to form a shear-resistant structure; A spherical joint pair is formed between the end face of the bolt body of the explosive bolt and the inner end face of the lower adapter block, which is composed of a spherical joint pad and a spherical joint seat to balance the micro-rotation between the two adapter blocks; The locking adapter nut is screwed into the screw of the explosive bolt to compress the cone nut, forming a double-nut anti-loosening structure; Screw the PTFE cone head into the external thread of the locking adapter nut and secure it; The lower end surface of the screw side rubber pad is tightly attached to the inner end surface of the upper adapter block, and the lower end surface of the screw side cone shell is pressed against the upper end surface of the screw side rubber pad; the screw side buffer ring is inserted into the screw side cone shell and tightly attached to the screw side cone shell; the screw side pressure cover is screwed into the inner circular groove of the upper adapter block to press the screw side buffer ring; The rubber pad on the bolt body side cooperates with the ball joint seat to form an installation positioning structure. The cone shell on the bolt body side presses on the rubber pad on the bolt body side. The buffer ring on the bolt body side is inserted into the cone shell on the bolt body side and fits tightly against the cone shell on the bolt body side. The outer thread of the bolt body side gland is screwed into the inner groove of the lower adapter block and presses the buffer ring on the bolt body side. The polytetrafluoroethylene cone sleeve is installed in the cone shell on the side of the bolt body and cooperates with the cone shell on the side of the bolt body to buffer and capture the friction deformation of the bolt body that recoils when the explosive bolt separates.

2. The capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that The internal thread of the locking adapter nut is screwed into the screw of the explosive bolt, and the hexagonal ring at the lower end presses the cone nut to form a double-nut anti-loosening structure.

3. The capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that The internal thread of the polytetrafluoroethylene cone head is screwed into the external thread of the locking adapter nut and is connected and fixed with the screw side of the explosive bolt.

4. The capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that The screw side buffer ring is an annular structure and is inserted into the screw side cone shell. The lower end surface of the screw side buffer ring is tightly attached to the upper end surface of the lower end ring of the screw side cone shell.

5. The capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that The outer thread of the screw side gland is screwed into the threaded section at the upper part of the inner circular groove of the upper adapter block, and presses the upper end surface of the screw side buffer ring.

6. The capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that The upper end surface of the disc body of the screw side pressure cover is not higher than the upper end surface of the upper adapter block.

7. The capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that The rubber pad on the bolt body side is a circular ring structure with a T-shaped cross-section. Its outer diameter is consistent with the diameter of the inner groove of the lower adapter block, and its inner diameter is consistent with the outer diameter of the lower disk of the ball joint seat, forming an installation positioning structure.

8. The capture device according to claim 1, wherein: The outer thread of the bolt body side pressure cap is screwed into the threaded section on the upper part of the inner circular groove of the lower adapter block, and presses the upper end surface of the bolt body side buffer ring.

9. The capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that The upper end surface of the disc body of the bolt body side pressure cover is not higher than the upper end surface of the lower adapter block.

10. The capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that The screw side buffer ring and the bolt body side buffer ring are three-dimensional annular concave hexagonal lattice energy absorption structures or stepped annular rubber spring structures.

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