One-way ecological fishway system based on tesla valve principle in strong surge tide area

Abstract

The application discloses a one-way ecological fishway system based on the principle of Tesla valve in a strong tidal area, which is composed of a Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section, a multi-stage detachable ecological sand sink and a fish resting and monitoring pool and is closely connected in a 'I' shape structure. Most of the tidal energy is eliminated by the Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section, and the'moving water' in the outer river is rectified into'still water', thereby playing a one-way flow role from the inner river to the outer river and guiding fish migration. Then, the silt in the tidal water is deposited in the multi-stage detachable ecological sand sink, and the'still water' is changed into 'clean water'. Finally, the fish resting and monitoring pool provides a resting space for fish and carries out monitoring. The application reduces the influence of the tidal level change, silt and tidal bore on the fishway through a smart design, improves the fish migration time and quantity, and improves the ecological environment of the coastal area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to fishway structures in water conservancy and hydropower projects. The design concept is based on the Tesla valve principle, and specifically relates to a one-way ecological fishway system in strong tidal surge areas based on the Tesla valve principle. In the environment of strong tidal surge areas with rapid tide levels, the system can block the channel from the outer river to the inner river only by changing the cross-section of the fishway structure without a gate structure, reduce the influx of tide water and sediment from the outer river, realize a one-way flow fishway system from the inner river to the outer river, and simulate a natural channel that is closer to fish migration. Background Art

[0002] A fishway is a passage for migrating fish. After humans build sluices or dams to block a river channel, fishways are constructed to divert water from upstream through the fishway to downstream, allowing migrating fish to swim upstream. Fishways built at estuary sluices require control gates at the downstream entrance to prevent the backflow of tidal water from the outer river. For example, the Qiantang River experiences a semi-diurnal tide, with high and low tides occurring twice daily, each lasting approximately two hours. This requires frequent gate opening and closing, consuming significant energy and being inefficient, making management extremely inconvenient. Furthermore, when the tide rises, sediment floods into the fishway, forming silt, which is detrimental to its operation and maintenance, as well as the monitoring of migrating fish.

[0003] The Tesla valve structure consists of two separate forward and reverse circuits, designed to create greater resistance to reverse flow than forward flow. When water flows in through the reverse circuit, it splits into two paths at each intersection. Because the two flows flow in opposite directions, their energy dissipates, creating significant resistance. This repeated process results in only a small amount of water being able to flow out of the pipe, effectively preventing the valve from leaking water. However, when water flows in through the forward circuit, the circuit remains relatively smooth, with the majority of the water continuing to flow through the relatively unobstructed channel, ensuring normal flow in the pipeline. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a one-way ecological fishway system based on the Tesla valve principle, which is suitable for areas with strong tidal surges and high sediment content. The Tesla valve's special circuit design allows water to pass normally when it flows in the forward direction through the Tesla valve section. On the contrary, if the water flows in the reverse direction into the Tesla valve section, the water flow will be divided into two paths at each intersection. Since the flow directions of the two water flows are contradictory, a huge resistance will be formed, so that the water flow can only pass in the forward direction in the Tesla valve section fishway, and it is difficult to flow in the reverse direction. Therefore, the Tesla valve fishway is used to replace the control gate on the downstream side of the fishway to block the backflow of tidal water from the outer river side without affecting the normal passage of upstream water flow. At the same time, the overlapping and staggered baffles of the Tesla valve fishway section can effectively weaken the energy of the outer river tidal surge. Combined with the arrangement of the sedimentation tank, it can more effectively prevent the silt from the outer river side from entering the fishway on the inner river side.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A one-way ecological fishway system for high-tidal surge areas based on the Tesla valve principle. It consists of a Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section, a multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation basin, and a fish resting and monitoring pool, all tightly connected in a straight line. Tidal water from the outer river passes through the Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section, dissipating most of the tidal surge energy and transforming the "dynamic water" into "still water." It then passes through the multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation basin to settle the silt in the tidal water, transforming the "still water" into "clean water." Finally, it passes through the fish resting and monitoring pool, providing a resting space for fish and allowing for monitoring.

[0007] Furthermore, the Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section is located at the starting point of the one-way ecological fishway system and includes an external flow-blocking retaining wall, an internal Tesla valve circuit, and an upper hollow box. The Tesla valve circuit is a reinforced concrete structure, including curved guide walls and diversion columns. The curved guide wall must be longer than half the clear width of the flow-blocking retaining wall, with the convex surface located on the inner river side and the concave surface on the outer river side, directing inner river water to the outer river side and preventing the influx of outer river water. The number of curved guide walls is adjusted based on the upstream and downstream water level difference and the control flow rate. The diversion columns are located at the end of the curved guide wall, supporting the entire curved guide wall for stability, regulating the direction of water flow, and guiding fish migration. The flow-blocking retaining wall is the external structure of the Tesla circuit, collecting water within the wall and retaining soil outside the wall. The upper hollow box is a cavity structure, with the bottom of the hollow box connected to the Tesla valve circuit and the top of the hollow box flush with the ground. It can withstand strong tidal surges from the outer river and provide a closed space for the Tesla valve circuit, thereby generating the Tesla effect.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation tank is located upstream of the Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section, and includes a sedimentation pad, a sliding groove, and a U-shaped retaining wall. The sedimentation pad is made of porous fiber material and is divided into a horizontal fiber pad and a vertical fiber pad; the horizontal fiber pad is laid on the bottom of the multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation tank. Because of its light texture and high porosity, it can be fished out as a whole for cleaning when the sediment thickness reaches a certain level; the vertical fiber pad is arranged in the middle of the horizontal fiber pad and is closely connected to it, and the sediment overflowed from the end of the Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section is graded to ensure that the water in the fish monitoring pool is not turbid and avoid affecting fish monitoring. The sliding groove is located at the end of the vertical fiber pad and plays the role of fixing the sedimentation pad. When the sedimentation pad needs to be lifted, it can be lifted out as a whole through the sliding groove and returned to its original position after cleaning. The U-shaped retaining wall serves as the external frame structure of the entire multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation tank to resist the external soil.

[0009] Furthermore, the fish resting and monitoring pond is located upstream of the multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation pond and includes a resting pool, a fish-viewing passage, an inspection door slot, and a buttress retaining wall. The resting pool ensures that migratory fish have a resting space after passing through the Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section and the multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation pond. The resting pool is a circular cavity structure, including a pool wall and high-strength tempered glass. The pool wall is a reinforced concrete structure composed of horizontal circular beams and vertical vertical columns, forming the overall stable framework of the resting pool. The high-strength tempered glass is embedded in the middle of the pool wall to store water. At the same time, its transparent surface also facilitates the observation of migratory fish. The fish-viewing passage is located outside the resting pool, and the top of the fish-viewing passage is flush with the ground. Observers can manually observe fish through the high-strength tempered glass. The inspection door slot is located at both ends of the fish resting and monitoring pond. When the resting pool needs to be cleaned, it can be temporarily closed to ensure that there is no water in the fish pond. The buttress retaining wall is the reinforced concrete supporting structure of the entire fish resting and monitoring pond.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0011] 1. It has a smooth fish migration channel. The fishway system of the present invention can ensure smooth flow of the entire fishway and can be open all day during the fish migration period. There will be no delay in fish migration due to untimely gate activation, which is more ecological and environmentally friendly.

[0012] 2. Effectively protect the ecological environment. The Tesla valve's tidal barrier and energy dissipation section achieves one-way water flow through its own structure, requiring no energy supply. The multi-stage, removable ecological sedimentation basin and fish resting and monitoring pond also require no energy supply, making this a highly environmentally friendly, energy-free fishway system. This fishway system also effectively prevents the backflow of tidal water from external rivers from impacting the inland water environment.

[0013] 3. Easy management. The Tesla valve structure replaces the traditional control gate, eliminating the need for management personnel to control the opening and closing of the gate according to the rise and fall of the tide, making management easier.

[0014] 4. Long service life. Tesla valve has no moving parts, no special maintenance and repair, and long service life.

[0015] 5. Suitable for strong tidal areas. Strong tidal areas have strong tidal strength, rapid tidal level fluctuations, and high sediment content. Therefore, most fishways are blocked with gates, which are only opened for short periods of time during the migration period, which is not conducive to fish migration. The ingenious design of this invention reduces the impact of tidal level fluctuations, sediment, and tidal surges on fishways, increases the duration and number of fish migration, and improves the ecological environment of coastal areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 1-1 cross-sectional view;

[0018] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 AA section view;

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 BB cross-sectional view;

[0020] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 CC cross-sectional view;

[0021] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 DD cross-sectional view;

[0022] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 EE cross-sectional view.

[0023] In the figure: 1-Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section; 11-Tesla valve circuit; 11a-arc-shaped guide wall; 11b-diversion column; 12-flow-isolating retaining wall; 13-empty box; 2-multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation tank; 21-sedimentation pad; 21a-horizontal fiber pad; 21b-vertical fiber pad; 22-sliding trough; 23-U-shaped retaining wall; 3-fish resting and monitoring pool; 31-resting pool; 31a-resting pool wall; 31b-high-strength tempered glass; 32-fish-viewing passage; 33-maintenance door slot; 34-buttress retaining wall; 4-conventional fishway on the inner river side; 41-fish hole; 42-fish weir; 5-fishway entrance on the outer river side. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention provides a one-way ecological fishway system for high-tidal surge areas based on the Tesla valve principle. It comprises a Tesla valve tidal barrier and energy dissipation section 1, a multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation basin 2, and a fish resting and monitoring pond 3. The Tesla valve tidal barrier and energy dissipation section 1 is located upstream of the fishway inlet 5 on the outer river side and comprises a Tesla valve circuit 11, a flow-blocking retaining wall 12, and a hollow box 13. The Tesla valve circuit 11 is a reinforced concrete structure comprising a curved guide wall 11a and a diversion column 11b. The curved guide wall 11a has a convex surface on the inner river side and a concave surface on the outer river side, directing inner river water to the outer river side. Its upper portion is connected to the hollow box 13. The flow-blocking retaining wall 12 serves as the outer retaining wall of the Tesla valve circuit 11, collecting water within the wall and retaining soil outside the wall. The hollow box 13 is a hollow structure, with its bottom connected to the Tesla valve circuit 11 and its top flush with the ground. This provides protection from high-tidal surges from the outer river and provides an enclosed space for the Tesla valve circuit 11, enhancing the Tesla valve effect.

[0026] The multi-stage removable ecological sedimentation basin 2, located upstream of the Tesla valve's tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section 1, comprises a sedimentation mat 21, a sliding trough 22, and a U-shaped retaining wall 23. The sedimentation mat 21 is made of porous fiber and includes a horizontal fiber mat 21a and a vertical fiber mat 21b. The sliding trough 22, located at the end of the vertical fiber mat 21b, secures the sedimentation mat 21. When the sedimentation mat 21 needs to be lifted, it can be lifted out of the basin entirely. The U-shaped retaining wall 23 forms the external retaining wall structure of the multi-stage removable ecological sedimentation basin 2.

[0027] The fish resting and monitoring pool 3 is located upstream of the multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation pool 2, and its upstream is connected to the conventional fishway 4 on the inner river side, including a resting pool 31, a fish viewing channel 32, an inspection door slot 33, and a buttress retaining wall 34. The resting pool 31 is a circular cavity structure, consisting of a resting pool wall 31a and high-strength tempered glass 31b; the resting pool wall 31a is a reinforced concrete structure; the high-strength tempered glass 31b is embedded in the middle of the pool wall 31a. The fish viewing channel 32 is located on the outside of the resting pool wall 31a, and the top of the channel is flush with the ground. Observers can manually observe the fish through the tempered glass 31b. The inspection door slot 33 is located at both ends of the fish resting and monitoring pool 3. When the resting pool 31 needs to be cleaned, the gate can be temporarily lowered to block it. The buttress retaining wall 34 is the reinforced concrete supporting structure of the entire fish resting and monitoring pool 3.

[0028] The conventional fishway 4 on the inner river side is composed of a fish hole 41 and a fish weir 42 .

[0029] The hydraulic conditions of the Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section 1 and the conventional fishway 4 must meet two requirements: first, the flow rate in the fish hole 41 must be lower than the flow rate that the fish can overcome, and second, the flow pattern in the pool must adapt to the swimming of fish with different habits and specifications. The total length, width, and number of baffles of the fishway are adjusted according to these two requirements. In addition, according to the upstream and downstream tidal level difference and flow rate, the number of Tesla valve loops 11 is adjusted so that the Tesla valve loops 11 can minimize the influx of tide water and sediment from the outer river, thus realizing a one-way flow fishway system from the inner river to the outer river. At the same time, combined with the sedimentation efficiency enhancement of the multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation pond 2 and the functional compensation of the fish rest and monitoring pond 3, a natural channel closer to fish migration is simulated.

[0030] The above embodiments describe the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but this should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present invention, technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation methods all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A one-way ecological fishway system for strong tidal areas based on the Tesla valve principle, characterized by: It consists of a Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section, a multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation basin, and a fish resting and monitoring basin, which are closely connected in an "I" shape. The tide from the outer river passes through the Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section to eliminate most of the tidal energy, rectifying the "dynamic water" into "still water". The tide then passes through the multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation basin to settle the silt in the tide, turning the "still water" into "clean water". Finally, the tide passes through the fish resting and monitoring basin to provide a resting space for fish and conduct monitoring. The Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section is located at the starting end of the one-way ecological fishway system, and includes an external flow-blocking retaining wall, an internal Tesla valve loop, and an upper empty box. The Tesla valve loop is a reinforced concrete structure, including an arc-shaped guide wall and a guide column. The convex surface of the arc-shaped guide wall is located on the inner river side, and the concave surface is located on the outer river side, guiding the inner river water to the outer river side and preventing the influx of outer river water. The guide column is located at the end of the arc-shaped guide wall, supporting the entire arc-shaped guide wall to stabilize it, and adjusting the direction of water flow to guide fish migration. The flow-blocking retaining wall is the external structure of the Tesla valve loop, which collects water inside the flow-blocking retaining wall and supports soil outside the wall. The upper empty box is a cavity structure, the bottom of the empty box is connected to the Tesla valve loop, and the top of the empty box is flush with the ground, which can resist strong tidal surges from the outer river and provide a closed space for the Tesla valve loop. The length of the arc-shaped guide wall exceeds half of the net width of the flow-isolating retaining wall, and the number of the arc-shaped guide walls is adjusted according to the upstream and downstream water level difference and the control flow rate; The multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation tank is located upstream of the Tesla valve tide-blocking and energy-dissipating section, and includes a sedimentation pad, a sliding groove, and a U-shaped retaining wall. The sedimentation pad is made of porous fiber material and is divided into a horizontal fiber pad and a vertical fiber pad. The horizontal fiber pad is laid on the bottom of the multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation tank, and the vertical fiber pad is arranged in the middle of the horizontal fiber pad and is closely connected to it. The sliding groove is located at the end of the vertical fiber pad and plays the role of fixing the sedimentation pad. The U-shaped retaining wall is the external frame structure of the entire multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation tank to resist external soil. The fish resting and monitoring pool is located upstream of the multi-stage detachable ecological sedimentation pool, and includes a resting pool, a fish viewing passage, an inspection door slot, and a buttress retaining wall; the resting pool is a circular cavity structure, including a pool wall and high-strength tempered glass; the pool wall is a reinforced concrete structure, composed of horizontal circular beams and vertical vertical columns, forming an overall stable frame of the resting pool; high-strength tempered glass is embedded in the middle of the pool wall, which plays the role of storing water, and at the same time, because of its transparent surface, it is convenient to observe migratory fish; the fish viewing passage is located on the outside of the resting pool, and the top of the fish viewing passage is flush with the ground; the inspection door slot is located at both ends of the fish resting and monitoring pool; the buttress retaining wall is the reinforced concrete supporting structure of the entire fish resting and monitoring pool.

Images