A ground modification structure for preventing soil erosion

Abstract

The application relates to a water and soil loss prevention ground reconstruction structure and belongs to the technical field of water and soil treatment. The water and soil loss prevention ground reconstruction structure comprises a water storage pool with an open top, a steel wire mesh plate is arranged on the top of the water storage pool, a soil layer is arranged above the steel wire mesh plate, an overhead brick layer is arranged on the upper surface of the soil layer, a plurality of L-shaped water seepage elbow pipes are arranged at the bottom of the water storage pool, water outlets are arranged at the joints of the water storage pool and the water seepage elbow pipes, the overhead brick layer comprises overhead base bricks and overhead face bricks, the overhead face bricks are arranged above the overhead base bricks, an overhead cavity is formed between the overhead base bricks and the overhead face bricks, the overhead cavity is filled with soil, the overhead base bricks comprise a lower frustum of a regular hexagon and an upper frustum of a regular hexagon, the overhead face bricks are in a regular triangular structure, the overhead face bricks are provided with penetrating plant planting holes in the centers, and a plurality of honeysuckles are planted in each plant planting hole. The water and soil loss prevention ground reconstruction structure has excellent water and soil loss prevention effect and wide application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a water and soil loss prevention ground reconstruction structure and belongs to the technical field of water and soil treatment. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, water and soil loss refers to the whole process that soil is eroded, transported and deposited under the action of water flow. Under the natural state, the surface erosion process caused by natural factors is very slow, and is often in a relative balance state with the soil formation process. However, under the influence of human activities, especially after the human serious destruction of the surface vegetation, the surface soil destruction and the movement of land materials caused by natural factors are accelerated, that is, water and soil loss occurs. Water and soil loss refers to the damage and loss of water and soil resources and land production main force under the action of external forces such as water force, gravity and wind speed, including surface corrosion of land and loss of water.

[0003] At present, the measures taken to cope with water and soil loss are mostly to directly transplant seedlings on the river bank to reinforce the soil and avoid water and soil loss. However, the root system of the seedlings is not developed enough, and cannot extend to a sufficient depth in a short time, so that the water and soil loss condition cannot be obviously improved in a long period before the transplantation. In addition, the main roots of the seedlings grow slowly and are easy to cause the seedlings to fall down, and the survival rate is low. Large trees are difficult to transplant, the cost is high, and the survival rate is low.

[0004] In view of the above defects, the application aims to create a water and soil loss prevention ground reconstruction structure, so that it has more industrial use value. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the application is to provide a water and soil loss prevention ground reconstruction structure.

[0006] The water and soil loss prevention ground reconstruction structure comprises a water storage pool with an open top, a steel mesh plate is arranged on the top of the water storage pool, a soil layer is arranged above the steel mesh plate, an air-supported brick layer is arranged on the upper surface of the soil layer, a plurality of L-shaped water seepage bends are arranged at the bottom of the water storage pool, water outlets are arranged at the joints of the water storage pool and the water seepage bends, the air-supported brick layer comprises air-supported base bricks and air-supported face bricks, the air-supported face bricks are arranged above the air-supported base bricks, an air-supported cavity is formed between the air-supported base bricks and the air-supported face bricks, the air-supported cavity is filled with soil, the air-supported base bricks comprise a lower frustum of a regular hexagon and a upper frustum of a regular hexagon, the air-supported face bricks are in a regular triangular structure, and a through plant planting hole is arranged at the center of each air-supported face brick, and a plurality of honeysuckles are planted in each plant planting hole.

[0007] Further, the water infiltration elbow comprises a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe, a horizontal guide sheet is fixed on the inner wall of the horizontal pipe along the vertical direction, a horizontal rod is inserted in the horizontal guide sheet and can move horizontally, a water baffle is arranged on one end of the horizontal rod close to the water pool, the size of the water baffle is consistent with the size of the water outlet hole, the water baffle can control the opening and closing of the water outlet hole, a wedge-shaped butt joint is arranged on the other end of the horizontal rod, a longitudinal guide sheet is fixed on the inner wall of the vertical pipe along the horizontal direction, a vertical rod is inserted in the longitudinal guide sheet and can move vertically, a water absorption sponge is fixed on the top end of the vertical rod, a wedge-shaped butt joint is arranged on the bottom end of the vertical rod, the wedge-shaped butt joint on the bottom end of the vertical rod and the wedge-shaped butt joint on one end of the horizontal pipe match to form a right angle structure, and water infiltration holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the horizontal pipe.

[0008] Further, the preparation method of the overhead base brick and the overhead face brick is as follows:

[0009] The water-retaining concrete is injected into the mold of the overhead base brick and the overhead face brick, and after the water-retaining concrete is naturally dried and hardened, the overhead base brick and the overhead face brick are placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at a high temperature of 300-400℃ for 30-40min, and then naturally cooled to obtain the overhead base brick and the overhead face brick.

[0010] Further, the preparation method of the water-retaining concrete is as follows:

[0011] (1) Sulfadiazine and deionized water are mixed to form a mixed solution at a mass ratio of 1:8, 0.1-0.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise while stirring, after the sodium hydroxide solution is completely added, the mixed solution is stirred until it becomes clear, and then sulfadiazine solution is obtained;

[0012] (2) Alkaline zirconium carbonate is added to the sulfadiazine solution, ultrasonic dispersion is performed until the alkaline zirconium carbonate is uniformly dispersed, then vinyltrimethoxysilane is added dropwise, the temperature is increased to 70-90℃ and condensation reflux reaction is performed for 8-12h, after the reaction, the filter residue is separated by filtration, and then the filter residue is placed in a vacuum drying box for drying until dryness to obtain a water absorption filler;

[0013] (3) 35-50 parts of modified silicon dioxide, 15-20 parts of calcium aluminate cement, 4-8 parts of polyacrylamide, 20-25 parts of fly ash, 4-8 parts of the water absorption filler, 4-6 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 8-10 parts of citric acid, 10-15 parts of polyethylene fibers with a diameter of 2mm and a length of 20cm, and 50-60 parts of water are weighed and placed in a mixer, and then stirred uniformly to obtain the water-retaining concrete.

[0014] Further, the preparation method of the modified silicon dioxide is as follows:

[0015] (1) equal molar ratio of 1-methyl imidazole and 3-chloropropyl-3-methoxysilane are respectively fed into a round bottom flask, and stirred at 80 DEG C under magnetic field for 72 hours, the obtained crude product is repeatedly washed with ether for 3-5 times, and then dried at 40 DEG C under vacuum for 12 hours to remove ether, so that the ionic liquid containing siloxane groups is obtained;

[0016] (2) nano-silica particles and the ionic liquid containing siloxane groups are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:5, and then loaded into a three-necked round bottom flask and stirred under magnetic field, after constant temperature refluxing at 100 DEG C for 8-10 hours, the product is discharged and filtered, and the obtained filter residue is the modified silica.

[0017] By the above scheme, the present application has at least the following advantages:

[0018] (1) honeysuckle is a flexible vegetation, and water flow generates flow around the honeysuckle structure, the flow velocity on both sides of the honeysuckle increases, and an oval low flow velocity shelter zone is formed on the leeside of the honeysuckle, with the increase of the bending of the honeysuckle structure, the range of the low flow velocity zone is extended along the water flow direction. The tensile stress is the largest on the water-facing surface of the honeysuckle structure, the compressive stress is the largest on the leeside of the honeysuckle structure, and the shear stress is the largest on the water-facing surface of the intersection of the top lateral branch and the main stem, which will be bent and deformed under the action of water flow, and a carpet-like protection layer is formed on the ground to be protected, so that the flow velocity near the bottom of the ground flow is reduced, the erosion effect caused by slope runoff is weakened, and the water and soil loss is prevented;

[0019] (2) the ionic liquid containing siloxane groups is used to modify the nano-silica, so that the siloxane groups are grafted on the surface of the nano-silica particles, and the modified silica is used as a filler to prepare overhead bricks, which can improve the wettability of the overhead brick matrix, and the internal rich pores and capillary channels, so that the wettability and adsorption performance of the overhead brick itself to water is further improved, and the water in the soil can be more efficiently absorbed in drought, so as to provide water for the honeysuckle roots growing on the surface of the overhead brick matrix, improve the survival rate of the honeysuckle, and improve the water and soil conservation capacity;

[0020] (3) the water-absorbing filler is added in the water-retaining concrete of the present application, and the reaction of basic zirconium carbonate and sulfadiazine is carried out under alkaline conditions, the basic zirconium carbonate can be first formed into amphoteric zirconium hydroxide under alkaline environment, and then gradually into insoluble beta-zirconic acid by further heating; after the reaction with sulfadiazine, the sulfonamide groups can be grafted on the surface of the beta-zirconic acid compound, and an organic-inorganic composite zirconium compound containing organic groups and inorganic groups is formed, which has strong water absorption and water retention, and can improve the water absorption and water retention of the concrete;

[0021] (4) The water-retaining concrete of the present application adds citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, which react to produce a large amount of gas after mixing, thereby forming a gas inside the concrete, and forming a microporous structure inside the concrete, and when the overhead turning body produces appropriate viscosity under sintering in the later stage, the internal gas-producing components produce a certain amount of gas under the action of a certain temperature, expand, and generate a rich microporous structure, thereby forming fine and uniform holes with a size of less than 20 microns on the surface of the concrete, having strong water absorption capacity and surface tension, which is beneficial to the water retention of the overhead brick, and the ordinary water absorption brick has unevenly distributed holes, and the holes with a diameter of 20-50 microns are significantly more than the water-retaining porous brick, which makes the water easily flow out, reducing the water absorption rate; and these small holes can also provide physical anchoring sites for the growth of honeysuckle root systems, allowing honeysuckle to grow more firmly, increasing its water and soil conservation capacity;

[0022] In addition, the polyethylene fibers added to the concrete are burned out during high-temperature sintering, thereby leaving through capillary pores in the overhead brick, which, combined with the water retention and absorption performance of the water absorption brick itself, make it easier to absorb water in the soil to the honeysuckle root system on the surface of the water absorption brick, continuously providing water for its growth, improving its survival rate and thus improving the water and soil conservation capacity.

[0023] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the present application, in order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, and can be implemented according to the content of the specification, as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments, it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope, for those skilled in the art, without creative labor, can also obtain other related drawings according to these drawings.

[0025] Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the water and soil loss prevention ground reconstruction structure of the present application;

[0026] Figs. 2 to 4 is the overhead brick layer laying structure schematic diagram in the water and soil loss prevention ground reconstruction structure of the present application;

[0027] In the figure:

[0028] 1, water storage tank; 2, water seepage elbow; 3, steel mesh plate; 4, soil layer; 5, overhead brick layer;

[0029] 21, transverse pipe; 22, vertical rod; 23, water-absorbing sponge; 24, longitudinal guide piece; 25, transverse rod; 26, water baffle; 27, transverse guide piece; 28, vertical pipe;

[0030] 51, overhead base brick; 52, overhead surface brick; 53, overhead cavity;

[0031] 511, upper frustum; 512, lower frustum;

[0032] 521, plant planting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application, but are not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0034] Referring to Figs. 1 to 4 , a water loss prevention ground improvement structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present application includes a water storage pool 1 with an open top, a steel mesh plate 3 is arranged on the top of the water storage pool 1, a soil layer 4 is arranged above the steel mesh plate 3, an overhead brick layer 5 is arranged on the top surface of the soil layer 4, a plurality of L-shaped water infiltration elbow pipes 2 are arranged at the bottom of the water storage pool 1, a water outlet hole 11 is arranged at the joint between the water storage pool 1 and the water infiltration elbow pipe 2, the water infiltration elbow pipe 2 includes a transverse pipe 21 and a vertical pipe 28, a transverse guide piece 27 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the transverse pipe 21 in a vertical direction, a transverse rod 25 is movably arranged in the transverse guide piece 27, a water baffle 26 is arranged at one end of the transverse rod 25 close to the water storage pool 1, the size of the water baffle 26 is consistent with the size of the water outlet hole 11, and the water baffle 26 can control the opening and closing of the water outlet hole 11, a wedge-shaped counter-joint is arranged at the other end of the transverse rod 25, a longitudinal guide piece 24 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the vertical pipe 28 in a horizontal direction, a vertical rod 22 is movably arranged in the longitudinal guide piece 24, a water-absorbing sponge 23 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the vertical rod 22, a wedge-shaped counter-joint is arranged at the bottom end of the vertical rod 22, the wedge-shaped counter-joint at the bottom end of the vertical rod 22 and the wedge-shaped counter-joint at one end of the transverse pipe 21 match to form a right angle structure, and water in the water outlet hole 11 can flow out and infiltrate from the water infiltration holes of the transverse pipe 21 to wet the soil when the water baffle 26 is opened.

[0035] The overhead brick layer 5 comprises overhead base bricks 51 and overhead face bricks 52, the overhead face bricks 52 are erected above the overhead base bricks 51, an overhead cavity 53 is formed between the overhead base bricks 51 and the overhead face bricks 52, the overhead cavity 53 is filled with soil, the overhead base bricks 51 comprise a lower frustum of a regular hexagonal structure 512 and a upper frustum of a regular hexagonal structure 511, the overhead face bricks 52 are of a regular triangular structure, the overhead face bricks 52 are provided with through plant planting holes 521 in the center, and a plurality of honeysuckles are planted in each plant planting hole 521; the honeysuckle is a flexible vegetation, the water flow generates a flow around the honeysuckle structure, the flow velocity on both sides of the honeysuckle structure increases, and an oval low flow velocity shelter area is formed on the leeside, with the increase of the bending of the honeysuckle structure, the low flow velocity area extends along the water flow direction. The maximum tensile stress is on the water-facing side of the honeysuckle structure, the maximum compressive stress is on the leeside, and the maximum shear stress is on the water-facing side of the intersection of the top lateral branch and the main stem, which will be bent and deformed under the action of the water flow, forming a blanket protection layer on the ground to be protected, thereby reducing the flow velocity at the bottom of the ground flow and weakening the scouring effect caused by the slope runoff, and playing a role in preventing water and soil loss.

[0036] The preparation method of the overhead brick layer 5 is as follows:

[0037] Preparation of modified silicon dioxide:

[0038] 1. Equal molar ratio of 1-methylimidazole and 3-chloropropyl-3-methoxysilane is respectively fed into a round-bottom flask, and magnetic stirring is carried out at 80℃ for 72h, the obtained crude product is repeatedly washed with diethyl ether for 3-5 times, and then vacuum drying is carried out at 40℃ for 12h to remove diethyl ether, to obtain an ionic liquid containing a silicon-oxygen group;

[0039] 2. After mixing nano-silicon dioxide particles and the ionic liquid containing a silicon-oxygen group according to a mass ratio of 1:5, loading in a three-necked round-bottom flask and magnetic stirring, the material is discharged and filtered after constant temperature refluxing at 100℃ for 8-10h, and the separated filter residue is the modified silicon dioxide;

[0040] The nano-silicon dioxide is modified by the ionic liquid containing a silicon-oxygen group, so that the silicon-oxygen group is grafted on the surface of the nano-silicon dioxide particles, and the modified silicon dioxide is used as a filler to prepare the overhead brick, which can improve the wettability of the overhead brick matrix, and the internal rich pores and capillary channels, so that the wettability and adsorption performance of the overhead brick to water is further improved, the water in the soil can be more efficiently absorbed in drought, the water for the honeysuckle roots winding on the surface of the overhead brick matrix is provided, the survival rate of the honeysuckle is improved, and the water and soil conservation capacity is improved;

[0041] Preparation of water-retaining concrete:

[0042] 1. Sulfa drug and deionized water are mixed to form a mixture according to a mass ratio of 1:8, 0.1-0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise while stirring, after the sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise, the mixture is stirred until it is completely clear, and a sulfa drug solution is obtained;

[0043] 2. Alkaline zirconium carbonate is weighed and added to the sulfa drug solution, ultrasonic dispersion is performed until it is uniform, then vinyl trimethoxysilane is added dropwise, the temperature is raised to 70-90 DEG C and condensation reflux reaction is performed for 8-12 h, after the reaction, filtration separation is performed to obtain filter residue, then the filter residue is placed in a vacuum drying box for treatment until it is dry, and a water absorption filler is obtained;

[0044] 3. According to weight parts, 35-50 parts of modified silicon dioxide, 15-20 parts of calcium aluminate cement, 4-8 parts of polyacrylamide, 20-25 parts of fly ash, 4-8 parts of water absorption filler, 4-6 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 8-10 parts of citric acid, 10-15 parts of polyethylene fiber with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 20 cm, and 50-60 parts of water are weighed and loaded into a stirring machine, and the water retaining concrete is obtained after uniform stirring;

[0045] The water retaining concrete of the application adds a water absorption filler, and the water absorption filler is prepared by reacting alkaline zirconium carbonate with sulfa drug under alkaline conditions, the alkaline zirconium carbonate is heated in an alkaline environment to form amphoteric zirconium hydroxide, and then the zirconium hydroxide is gradually formed into insoluble beta-zirconic acid by further heating, the sulfa group is grafted on the surface of the beta-zirconic acid compound after the reaction of the beta-zirconic acid compound with sulfa drug, and an organic-inorganic composite zirconium compound containing organic groups and inorganic groups is formed, the compound has strong water absorption and water retention, and the water absorption and water retention of the concrete can be improved.

[0046] Preparation of overhead brick layer 5:

[0047] The water retaining concrete is injected into a mold of overhead base brick 51 and overhead surface brick 52, after natural drying and hardening, the mold is placed in a sintering furnace, sintering is performed at a high temperature of 300-400 DEG C for 30-40 min, and after sintering, natural cooling is performed, and finally, the overhead base brick 51 and the overhead surface brick 52 are obtained.

[0048] The water-retaining concrete of the present application adds citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, which react to produce a large amount of gas after mixing, thereby forming a gas in the concrete, forming a microporous structure in the concrete, and when the overhead turning body produces appropriate viscosity under later sintering, the internal gas-producing components produce a certain amount of gas under the action of a certain temperature, expand to form a rich microporous structure, thereby forming fine and uniform holes with a size of less than 20 microns on the surface of the concrete, having a strong water absorption capacity and surface tension, which is beneficial to the water retention of the overhead brick; the ordinary water absorption brick has unevenly distributed holes of different sizes, and the holes with a diameter of 20-50 microns are significantly more than those of the water-retaining porous brick, which makes the water easily flow out, reduces the water absorption rate; and these small holes also provide physical anchoring sites for the growth of honeysuckle root systems, so that the honeysuckle can grow more firmly, increasing the water and soil conservation capacity.

[0049] In addition, the polyethylene fibers added to the concrete are burned out during high-temperature sintering, thereby leaving through-going capillary channels in the overhead brick, which, in combination with the water retention and absorption performance of the water absorption brick itself, more easily absorb water in the soil to the honeysuckle root system on the surface of the water absorption brick, continuously providing water for the growth of the honeysuckle, improving the survival rate and thereby improving the water and soil conservation capacity.

[0050] The working principle of the present application is as follows:

[0051] When it rains, the falling rainwater first enters the overhead cavity 53 in the overhead brick layer 5, and then the water body continues to infiltrate to the soil layer 4 and leaks from the steel wire mesh plate 3 to the water storage tank 1, and also infiltrates from the top opening of the vertical pipe 28 of the water infiltration elbow pipe 2, the infiltrated water is absorbed by the water absorption sponge 23, the gravity of the water absorption sponge 23 increases, pressing the vertical rod 22 to displace downward, in the process of displacement, the wedge-shaped butt joint at the bottom of the vertical rod 22 and the wedge-shaped butt joint at one end of the horizontal pipe 21 are engaged to push the other end of the horizontal pipe 21 to move toward the water outlet hole 11, until the water stop plate 26 at the other end of the horizontal pipe completely blocks the water outlet hole 11, thereby realizing water storage in rainy weather, when the rain stops, the water in the water absorption sponge 23 evaporates gradually, the water absorption sponge 23 returns to a light state, at this time, under the water pressure at the bottom of the water storage tank 1, the water stop plate 26 is pushed in the opposite direction, and the horizontal rod 25 moves in the direction of the vertical rod 22, the wedge-shaped butt joint promotes the upward displacement of the vertical rod 22 to reset, the water stop plate 26 is opened, and the water in the water outlet hole 11 flows out and can be injected into the horizontal pipe 21 to seep out from the water infiltration hole to moisten the soil. Thus, it has the effect of storing water in rainy days and supplementing water to the soil in non-rainy days. Embodiment

[0052] Experimental site: the Yellow River impact plain terrain in Jiaxiang County, Jining City, Shandong Province, the experimental terrain is a square of 4km long arid land;

[0053] The application relates to a ground improvement structure for preventing water and soil loss, which comprises a water storage pool 1 with an open top, a steel wire mesh plate 3 arranged on the top of the water storage pool 1, a soil layer 4 arranged above the steel wire mesh plate 3, an air-arranged brick layer 5 arranged on the upper surface of the soil layer 4, a plurality of L-shaped water seepage elbow pipes 2 arranged at the bottom of the water storage pool 1, water outlet holes 11 arranged at the joint of the water storage pool 1 and the water seepage elbow pipes 2, the water seepage elbow pipe 2 comprising a horizontal pipe 21 and a vertical pipe 28, a horizontal guide piece 27 is fixed on the inner wall of the horizontal pipe 21 in the vertical direction, a horizontal rod 25 is inserted into the horizontal guide piece 27 and can move horizontally, a water baffle 26 is arranged at one end of the horizontal rod 25 close to the water storage pool 1, the water baffle 26 is consistent in size with the water outlet hole 11 and can control the opening and closing of the water outlet hole 11, a wedge-shaped butt joint is arranged at the other end of the horizontal rod 25, a longitudinal guide piece 24 is fixed on the inner wall of the vertical pipe 28 in the horizontal direction, a vertical rod 22 is inserted into the longitudinal guide piece 24 and can move vertically, a water-absorbing sponge 23 is fixed at the top end of the vertical rod 22, a wedge-shaped butt joint is arranged at the bottom end of the vertical rod 22, the wedge-shaped butt joint at the bottom end of the vertical rod 22 and the wedge-shaped butt joint at one end of the horizontal pipe 21 match to form a right-angle structure, and water seepage holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the horizontal pipe 21.

[0054] The air-arranged brick layer 5 comprises air-arranged base bricks 51 and air-arranged surface bricks 52, the air-arranged surface bricks 52 are arranged above the air-arranged base bricks 51, an air-arranged cavity 53 is formed between the air-arranged base bricks 51 and the air-arranged surface bricks 52, the air-arranged cavity 53 is filled with soil, the air-arranged base bricks 51 comprise a lower frustum of a regular hexagonal structure and an upper frustum of a regular hexagonal structure 511, the air-arranged surface bricks 52 are of a regular triangular structure, and a through plant planting hole 521 is arranged at the center of each air-arranged surface brick 52, a plurality of honeysuckles are planted in each plant planting hole 521.

[0055] The preparation method of the air-arranged brick layer 5 is as follows:

[0056] Preparation of modified silicon dioxide:

[0057] 1. Equal-molar 1-methyl imidazole and 3-chloropropyl-3-methoxysilane are respectively put into round-bottom flasks, and are subjected to magnetic stirring reflux at 80 DEG C for 72 hours; the obtained crude product is repeatedly washed with ether three times, and is then vacuum dried at 40 DEG C for 12 hours to remove the ether, so as to obtain an ionic liquid containing silicon-oxygen groups;

[0058] 2. Nano-silicon dioxide particles and the ionic liquid containing silicon-oxygen groups are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:5, are then loaded into a three-necked round-bottom flask and are subjected to magnetic stirring, and are subjected to constant-temperature reflux at 100 DEG C for 8 hours; after being discharged and filtered, the separated filter residue is the modified silicon dioxide.

[0059] Preparation of water-retaining concrete:

[0060] 1. Mix sulfadiazine and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:8 to form a mixture, and add 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring. After the sodium hydroxide solution is completely added, stir the mixture until it becomes clear, and then obtain a sulfadiazine solution;

[0061] 2. Add zirconium subcarbonate to the sulfadiazine solution and ultrasonically disperse until uniform. Then, add vinyltrimethoxysilane dropwise, heat to 70°C, and condense and reflux for 8 h. After the reaction, filter and separate to obtain filter residue, and then place it in a vacuum drying oven for drying until dryness to obtain a water-absorbing filler;

[0062] 3. According to the weight fraction, take 35 parts of modified silicon dioxide, 15 parts of calcium aluminate cement, 4 parts of polyacrylamide, 20 parts of fly ash, 4 parts of water-absorbing filler, 4 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 8 parts of citric acid, 10 parts of polyethylene fibers with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 20 cm, and 50 parts of water, and mix them in a mixer until uniform to obtain water-retaining concrete;

[0063] Preparation of overhead brick layer 5:

[0064] Inject the water-retaining concrete into the mold of the overhead base brick 51 and the overhead face brick 52, and after it is naturally dried and hardened, place it in a sintering furnace and sinter at a high temperature of 300°C for 30 min. After sintering, naturally cool it down, and finally obtain the overhead base brick 51 and the overhead face brick 52. Lay the overhead base brick 51 and the overhead face brick 52 in a manner of Fig. 2 、 Fig. 3 , and the overhead brick layer 5 can be obtained. Example

[0065] Experimental site: Yellow River impact plain terrain in Jiaxiang County, Jining City, Shandong Province. The experimental terrain is a square wasteland with a side length of 4 km.

[0066] The application relates to a ground improvement structure for preventing water and soil loss, which comprises a water storage pool 1 with an open top, a steel wire mesh plate 3 arranged on the top of the water storage pool 1, a soil layer 4 arranged above the steel wire mesh plate 3, an air-arranged brick layer 5 arranged on the upper surface of the soil layer 4, a plurality of L-shaped water seepage elbow pipes 2 arranged at the bottom of the water storage pool 1, water outlet holes 11 arranged at the joint of the water storage pool 1 and the water seepage elbow pipes 2, the water seepage elbow pipe 2 comprising a horizontal pipe 21 and a vertical pipe 28, a horizontal guide piece 27 is fixed on the inner wall of the horizontal pipe 21 in the vertical direction, a horizontal rod 25 is inserted into the horizontal guide piece 27 and can move horizontally, a water baffle 26 is arranged at one end of the horizontal rod 25 close to the water storage pool 1, the water baffle 26 is consistent in size with the water outlet hole 11 and can control the opening and closing of the water outlet hole 11, a wedge-shaped butt joint is arranged at the other end of the horizontal rod 25, a longitudinal guide piece 24 is fixed on the inner wall of the vertical pipe 28 in the horizontal direction, a vertical rod 22 is inserted into the longitudinal guide piece 24 and can move vertically, a water-absorbing sponge 23 is fixed at the top end of the vertical rod 22, a wedge-shaped butt joint is arranged at the bottom end of the vertical rod 22, the wedge-shaped butt joint at the bottom end of the vertical rod 22 and the wedge-shaped butt joint at one end of the horizontal pipe 21 match to form a right-angle structure, and water seepage holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the horizontal pipe 21.

[0067] The air-arranged brick layer 5 comprises air-arranged base bricks 51 and air-arranged surface bricks 52, the air-arranged surface bricks 52 are arranged above the air-arranged base bricks 51, an air-arranged cavity 53 is formed between the air-arranged base bricks 51 and the air-arranged surface bricks 52, the air-arranged cavity 53 is filled with soil, the air-arranged base bricks 51 comprise a lower frustum of a regular hexagonal structure and an upper frustum of a regular hexagonal structure 511, the air-arranged surface bricks 52 are of a regular triangular structure, the air-arranged surface bricks 52 are provided with through plant planting holes 521, and a plurality of honeysuckles are planted in each plant planting hole 521.

[0068] The preparation method of the air-arranged brick layer 5 is as follows:

[0069] Preparation of modified silicon dioxide:

[0070] 1. Equal-molar 1-methyl imidazole and 3-chloropropyl-3-methoxysilane are respectively put into round-bottom flasks, and are subjected to magnetic stirring reflux at 80 DEG C for 72 hours; the obtained crude product is repeatedly washed with ether four times, and is then vacuum dried at 40 DEG C for 12 hours to remove the ether, so as to obtain an ionic liquid containing silicon-oxygen groups;

[0071] 2. Nano-silicon dioxide particles and the ionic liquid containing silicon-oxygen groups are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:5, are then loaded into a three-necked round-bottom flask and are subjected to magnetic stirring, and are subjected to constant temperature reflux at 100 DEG C for 9 hours; after being discharged and filtered, the separated filter residue is the modified silicon dioxide.

[0072] Preparation of water-retaining concrete:

[0073] 1. Mix sulfadiazine and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:8 to form a mixture, and add 0.1-0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring. After the sodium hydroxide solution is completely added, stir the mixture until it becomes completely clear, and then obtain a sulfadiazine solution;

[0074] 2. Add zirconium subcarbonate to the sulfadiazine solution, and ultrasonically disperse until uniform. Then, add vinyltrimethoxysilane dropwise, and heat to 80°C and condense to reflux for 10 h. After the reaction, filter and separate to obtain filter residue, and then place in a vacuum drying oven until dry to obtain a water-absorbing filler;

[0075] 3. According to the weight parts, add 42 parts of modified silica, 18 parts of calcium aluminate cement, 6 parts of polyacrylamide, 23 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of water-absorbing filler, 5 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 9 parts of citric acid, 13 parts of polyethylene fiber with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 20 cm, and 55 parts of water into a mixer, and stir until uniform to obtain water-retaining concrete;

[0076] Preparation of overhead brick layer 5:

[0077] Inject the water-retaining concrete into the mold of the overhead base brick 51 and the overhead face brick 52, and after natural drying and hardening, place it in a sintering furnace, and sinter at a high temperature of 350°C for 35 min. After sintering, naturally cool, and finally obtain the overhead base brick 51 and the overhead face brick 52. Lay the overhead base brick 51 and the overhead face brick 52 in a manner of Fig. 2 、 Fig. 3 , and the overhead brick layer 5 can be obtained. Example

[0078] Experimental site: Yellow River impact plain terrain in Jiaxiang County, Jining City, Shandong Province. The experimental terrain is a square wasteland with a side length of 4 km.

[0079] The application relates to a ground improvement structure for preventing water and soil loss, which comprises a water storage pool 1 with an open top, a steel wire mesh plate 3 arranged on the top of the water storage pool 1, a soil layer 4 arranged above the steel wire mesh plate 3, an air-arranged brick layer 5 arranged on the upper surface of the soil layer 4, a plurality of L-shaped water seepage elbow pipes 2 arranged at the bottom of the water storage pool 1, water outlet holes 11 arranged at the joint of the water storage pool 1 and the water seepage elbow pipes 2, the water seepage elbow pipe 2 comprising a horizontal pipe 21 and a vertical pipe 28, a horizontal guide piece 27 is fixed on the inner wall of the horizontal pipe 21 in the vertical direction, a horizontal rod 25 is inserted into the horizontal guide piece 27 and can move horizontally, a water baffle 26 is arranged at one end of the horizontal rod 25 close to the water storage pool 1, the water baffle 26 is consistent in size with the water outlet hole 11 and can control the opening and closing of the water outlet hole 11, a wedge-shaped butt joint is arranged at the other end of the horizontal rod 25, a longitudinal guide piece 24 is fixed on the inner wall of the vertical pipe 28 in the horizontal direction, a vertical rod 22 is inserted into the longitudinal guide piece 24 and can move vertically, a water-absorbing sponge 23 is fixed at the top end of the vertical rod 22, a wedge-shaped butt joint is arranged at the bottom end of the vertical rod 22, the wedge-shaped butt joint at the bottom end of the vertical rod 22 and the wedge-shaped butt joint at one end of the horizontal pipe 21 match to form a right-angle structure, and water seepage holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the horizontal pipe 21; when the water baffle 26 is opened, water in the water outlet hole 11 flows out and can be injected into the horizontal pipe 21 and seep out from the water seepage holes to wet the soil.

[0080] The air-arranged brick layer 5 comprises air-arranged base bricks 51 and air-arranged surface bricks 52, the air-arranged surface bricks 52 are arranged above the air-arranged base bricks 51, an air-arranged cavity 53 is formed between the air-arranged base bricks 51 and the air-arranged surface bricks 52, the air-arranged cavity 53 is filled with soil, the air-arranged base brick 51 comprises a lower frustum of a regular hexagonal structure and an upper frustum of a regular hexagonal structure 511, the air-arranged surface brick 52 is of a regular triangular structure, a through plant planting hole 521 is arranged at the center of the air-arranged surface brick 52, and a plurality of honeysuckles are planted in each plant planting hole 521.

[0081] The preparation method of the air-arranged brick layer 5 is as follows:

[0082] Preparation of modified silicon dioxide:

[0083] (1) 1-methyl imidazole and 3-chloropropyl-3-methoxysilane are respectively put into round-bottom flasks in an equal molar ratio, and are subjected to magnetic stirring reflux at 80 DEG C for 72 hours; the obtained crude product is repeatedly washed with ether for 5 times, and then is vacuum dried at 40 DEG C for 12 hours to remove the ether, so that an ionic liquid containing a silicon-oxygen group is obtained;

[0084] (2) nano silicon dioxide particles and the ionic liquid containing a silicon-oxygen group are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5, are then put into a three-necked round-bottom flask and are subjected to magnetic stirring, and are subjected to constant temperature reflux at 100 DEG C for 10 hours; after being discharged and filtered, the separated filter residue is the modified silicon dioxide.

[0085] Preparation of water-retaining concrete:

[0086] (1) Mix sulfadiazine and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:8 to form a mixed solution, and add 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring. After the sodium hydroxide solution is completely added, stir the mixed solution until it becomes completely clear, and then obtain a sulfadiazine solution;

[0087] (2) Add zirconium hydroxycarbonate to the sulfadiazine solution and ultrasonically disperse until uniform. Then, add vinyltrimethoxysilane dropwise, heat to 90°C, and condense and reflux for 12 h. After the reaction, filter and separate the residue, and then place it in a vacuum drying oven for drying until dry, to obtain a water-absorbing filler;

[0088] (3) According to the weight fraction, take 50 parts of modified silicon dioxide, 20 parts of calcium aluminate cement, 8 parts of polyacrylamide, 25 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of water-absorbing filler, 6 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 10 parts of citric acid, 15 parts of polyethylene fibers with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 20 cm, and 60 parts of water, and mix them in a blender until uniform, to obtain water-retaining concrete;

[0089] Preparation of overhead brick layer (5):

[0090] Pour the water-retaining concrete into the mold of the overhead base brick (51) and the overhead face brick (52), and let it naturally dry and harden. Then, place it in a sintering furnace and sinter it at a high temperature of 400°C for 40 min. After sintering, naturally cool it, and finally obtain the overhead base brick (51) and the overhead face brick (52). Place the overhead base brick (51) and the overhead face brick (52) in the manner of Fig. 2 、 Fig. 3 , and you can obtain the overhead brick layer (5).

[0091] Comparative examples

[0092] Experimental site: The Yellow River impact plain terrain in Jiaxiang County, Jining City, Shandong Province. The experimental terrain is a square of 4 km on each side of barren land;

[0093] Comparative Example 1: The technical solution of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the overhead brick layer 5 is not laid on the surface of the soil layer 4, and the other modification structures remain unchanged.

[0094] Comparative Example 2: The technical solution of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the overhead brick layer 5 is prepared with ordinary concrete and laid, and the other modification structures remain unchanged.

[0095] Comparative Example 3: The technical solution of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the water storage tank 1 and the water infiltration elbow pipe 2 and the steel wire mesh plate 3 are not set, and the other modification structures remain unchanged.

[0096] The technical scheme of the present comparative example is the same as that of example 1, except that sea buckthorn is planted instead of honeysuckle, and other transformation structures remain unchanged.

[0097] The water and soil loss prevention effects of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 of the present application are summarized, and the summary results are shown in Table 1:

[0098] Table 1 Water and soil loss prevention effect

[0099] From the detection data in the above table, it can be seen that the vegetation survival rate and water and soil loss prevention situation in examples 1-3 of the present application are very excellent, which confirms that the technical scheme of the present application has high feasibility;

[0100] The performance of the control examples 1 and 2 and the embodiment 1 is compared, since the control example 1 does not lay the overhead brick layer 5 on the surface of the soil layer 4, and other modification structures are unchanged; the control example 2 uses the ordinary concrete to prepare the overhead brick layer 5 for laying, and other modification structures are unchanged; resulting in that the final preparation survival rate and the water and soil loss prevention effect are significantly reduced, thus it can be proved that the nano silicon dioxide is modified by the ionic liquid of the siloxyl group, thereby grafting the siloxyl group on the surface of the nano silicon dioxide particles, using the modified silicon dioxide as the filler for preparing the overhead brick, the wettability of the overhead brick body can be improved, combining the rich pores and capillary channels inside, thereby the wettability and adsorption performance of the overhead brick itself to water is further improved, the water in the soil can be more efficiently absorbed in the drought, the water is provided for the honeysuckle root system winding on the surface of the overhead brick body, the growth survival rate is improved, and the water and soil conservation capacity is improved; the water absorption filler is added in the water retaining concrete of the application, the reaction of the basic zirconium carbonate and the sulfadiazine is carried out under the alkaline condition, the basic zirconium carbonate can be first formed into the amphoteric zirconium hydroxide under the alkaline environment, and then the insoluble beta-zirconium acid can be gradually formed by continuing heating; after the reaction with the sulfadiazine, the sulfanilamide group can be grafted on the surface of the beta-zirconium acid compound, and the organic-inorganic composite zirconium compound containing the organic group and the inorganic group is formed, the compound has strong water absorption and water retention, and the water absorption and water retention of the concrete can be improved; the citric acid and the sodium bicarbonate are added in the water retaining concrete of the application, a large amount of gas is generated after the mixture reacts with water, thereby the gas is formed in the concrete, the microporous structure is formed in the concrete, when the proper viscosity is generated in the overhead brick body under the sintering in the later period, the gas is generated under the action of a certain temperature, the gas is expanded, the rich microporous structure is generated, thereby the fine and uniform holes with the size less than 20 mu m are formed on the surface of the concrete, the water absorption capacity and the surface tension are strong, and the water absorption of the overhead brick is beneficial; the ordinary water absorption brick is distributed with the holes with uneven size, and the holes with the size of 20-50 mu m are obviously more than those of the water retaining porous brick, so that the water is easily flowed out, and the water absorption rate is reduced; and the small holes can provide the physical anchoring sites for the growth of the honeysuckle root system, so that the honeysuckle can grow more firmly, and the water and soil conservation capacity is increased.

[0101] In addition, the polyethylene fibers added into the concrete are burned out in the process of high temperature sintering, and then the through capillary channels are left in the overhead brick, the capillary channels combine the water absorption and water retention performance of the water absorption brick, so that the water in the soil is more easily absorbed to the honeysuckle root system winding on the surface, water is continuously provided for the growth of the honeysuckle, the survival rate is improved, and the water and soil conservation capacity is improved.

[0102] Then the performance of Example 1 of the application and Comparative Example 3 is compared. Since Comparative Example 3 does not have the water storage tank 1 and the water infiltration elbow 2 and the steel mesh plate 3, and other modified structures are unchanged; the final vegetation survival coverage and the water and soil loss prevention effect are significantly reduced, thereby it can be proved that when it rains, the falling rainwater first enters the air cavity 53 inside the air brick layer 5, then the water body continues to infiltrate to the soil layer 4 and leaks from the steel mesh plate 3 to the water storage tank 1, and also infiltrates from the top opening of the vertical pipe 28 of the water infiltration elbow 2, the infiltrated water is absorbed by the water-absorbing sponge 23, the gravity of the water-absorbing sponge 23 becomes larger, pressing the vertical rod 22 to displace downward, in the process of displacement, the wedge-shaped butt joint at the bottom end of the vertical rod 22 and the wedge-shaped butt joint at one end of the horizontal pipe 21 are engaged to push, moving the other end of the horizontal pipe 21 toward the water outlet hole 11, until the water baffle 26 at the other end of the horizontal pipe completely blocks the water outlet hole 11, thereby realizing water storage in rainy weather, when the rain stops, the water in the water-absorbing sponge 23 evaporates gradually, the water-absorbing sponge 23 returns to the light state, at this time, under the water pressure at the bottom of the water storage tank 1, the water baffle 26 is pushed in the opposite direction, and the horizontal rod 25 moves in the direction of the vertical rod 22, and the wedge-shaped butt joint promotes the upward displacement of the vertical rod 22 to reset, the water baffle 26 is opened, and the water in the water outlet hole 11 flows out and can be injected into the horizontal pipe 21 to infiltrate from the water infiltration hole, wetting the soil. Thus, it has the effect of storing water in rainy days and supplying water to the soil in non-rainy days, thereby improving the effect of preventing soil loss.

[0103] Finally, Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 of the application are compared. Since Comparative Example 4 uses sea buckthorn instead of honeysuckle planting, and other modified structures are unchanged; the final vegetation survival coverage and the water and soil loss prevention effect are significantly reduced, thereby it can be proved that honeysuckle is a flexible vegetation, and the water flow around the honeysuckle structure produces a flow around, the flow velocity on both sides of the honeysuckle increases, forming an oval low-speed shelter area on the leeside, and as the honeysuckle structure bends increases, the low-speed area range extends along the water flow direction. The tensile stress on the water surface of the honeysuckle structure is the largest, the compressive stress on the leeside is the largest, and the shear stress on the water surface at the intersection of the top lateral branch and the main stem is the largest. Under the action of water flow, it will bend and deform, forming a blanket protection layer on the ground to be protected, thereby reducing the flow velocity at the bottom of the ground flow, weakening the scouring effect caused by slope runoff, and playing a role in preventing water and soil loss.

[0104] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the application and is not used to limit the application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the technical principles of the application, a number of improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should be considered as the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A soil erosion mitigation structure, comprising a water storage tank with an open top, characterized in that: The top of the water storage tank is covered with a layer of wire mesh, and a soil layer is laid on top of the wire mesh. A layer of suspended bricks is laid on the upper surface of the soil layer. Multiple L-shaped seepage bends are provided at the bottom of the water storage tank. Water outlets are provided at the interface between the water storage tank and the seepage bends. The suspended brick layer includes suspended base bricks and suspended face bricks. The suspended face bricks are placed on top of the suspended base bricks, forming a suspended cavity between the suspended base bricks and the suspended face bricks. The suspended cavity is filled with soil. The suspended base bricks include a lower frustum and an upper frustum of a regular hexagon. The suspended face bricks have an equilateral triangular structure. A through-hole for planting plants is provided in the center of the suspended face bricks. Multiple honeysuckle plants are planted in each planting hole. The permeable bend includes a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe. A horizontal guide plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the horizontal pipe along the vertical direction. A horizontal rod is inserted into the horizontal guide plate and can move horizontally. A baffle plate is set at the end of the horizontal rod near the water storage tank. The size of the baffle plate is the same as the size of the water outlet and can control the opening and closing of the water outlet. A wedge-shaped interface is provided at the other end of the horizontal rod. A longitudinal guide plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the vertical pipe along the horizontal direction. A vertical rod is inserted into the longitudinal guide plate and can move vertically. A water-absorbing sponge is fixed at the top of the vertical rod. A wedge-shaped interface is provided at the bottom of the vertical rod. The wedge-shaped interface at the bottom of the vertical rod matches the wedge-shaped interface at one end of the horizontal pipe to form a right-angle structure that fits each other. Permeable holes are provided on the wall of the horizontal pipe.

2. The waterproof soil erosion ground modification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the suspended base bricks and suspended facing bricks is as follows: Water-retaining concrete is poured into molds for the suspended base bricks and suspended facing bricks. After they are naturally dried and hardened, they are placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at a high temperature of 300-400℃ for 30-40 minutes. After sintering, they are naturally cooled to finally obtain the suspended base bricks and suspended facing bricks.

3. The waterproof soil erosion ground modification structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for preparing the water-retaining concrete is as follows: (1) Mix sulfadiazine and deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:8 to form a mixture. While stirring, add 0.1-0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise. After the sodium hydroxide solution is added, stir the mixture until it becomes completely clear to obtain a sulfadiazine solution. (2) Weigh basic zirconium carbonate and add it to sulfadiazine solution. After ultrasonic dispersion until uniform, add vinyltrimethoxysilane dropwise, heat to 70-90℃ and reflux for 8-12 hours. After reaction, filter to separate the filter residue, and then place it in a vacuum drying oven to dry to obtain water-absorbing packing. (3) Weigh 35-50 parts of modified silica, 15-20 parts of calcium aluminate cement, 4-8 parts of polyacrylamide, 20-25 parts of fly ash, 4-8 parts of water-absorbing filler, 4-6 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 8-10 parts of citric acid, 10-15 parts of polyethylene fiber with a diameter of 2mm and a length of 20cm, and 50-60 parts of water into a mixer and mix evenly to obtain water-retaining concrete. The method for preparing the modified silica is as follows: (1) 1-methylimidazolium and 3-chloropropyl-3-methoxysilane in equal molar ratio were fed into a round-bottom flask and refluxed under magnetic stirring at 80°C for 72 h. The crude product was washed with diethyl ether 3 to 5 times and then dried under vacuum at 40°C for 12 h to remove the diethyl ether, thus obtaining an ionic liquid containing siloxy groups. (2) The nano silica particles and the above-mentioned ionic liquid containing siloxane groups are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:5 and then placed in a three-necked round bottom flask and magnetically stirred. After constant temperature reflux at 100°C for 8-10 hours, the mixture is discharged and filtered. The filter residue obtained is the modified silica.

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