A full temperature discharge prediction method and device

Abstract

The application discloses a full-temperature emission prediction method and device, relates to the technical field of automobile emission, and comprises the following steps: obtaining each pollutant emission test data of each vehicle of the same family as a test vehicle under different environmental temperatures, so as to generate full-temperature emission curves of each pollutant of each vehicle; after normalization processing of the full-temperature emission curves of each vehicle under each pollutant at a preselected environmental temperature, the full-temperature emission curves are collected to construct a full-temperature emission prediction model of each pollutant; inputting the pollutant emission test data of the test vehicle at the preselected environmental temperature into the full-temperature emission prediction model of the pollutant, and outputting the maximum emission value and the minimum emission value of the pollutant under other environmental temperatures; when the maximum emission value under any environmental temperature is less than or equal to an emission limit value, it is judged that the emission is qualified; and when the minimum emission value under any environmental temperature is greater than the emission limit value, it is judged that the emission is unqualified. According to the application, the test frequency can be reduced, and the test cost can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automotive emission technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for predicting emissions at all temperatures. Background Technology

[0002] The emissions of pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (THC), and particulate matter (PM, PN) from vehicle exhaust have a significant impact on the living environment. According to statistics from the healthcare sector, pollutants such as CO and PN in vehicle exhaust form photochemical smog under sunlight, which can easily cause respiratory inflammation and contribute to frequent acid rain, smog, and other natural weather phenomena.

[0003] To mitigate the environmental impact of vehicle emissions, the national environmental protection authorities have issued a series of regulations on vehicle pollutant emissions. Currently, my country's National VI emission standards only conduct tests at normal temperature (23℃) and low temperature (-7℃), limiting vehicle exhaust emissions only at these two temperatures. Considering that summer temperatures exceeding 35℃ and winter temperatures falling below -7℃ are widespread across my country, and that in addition to ambient temperature itself affecting emissions, manufacturers' calibration of vehicles at different temperature points also influences emissions, monitoring emissions at more ambient temperature points can encourage manufacturers to calibrate emissions within a range closer to the actual operating temperatures of vehicles, thereby achieving the goal of reducing pollutant emissions.

[0004] However, emissions testing over a wider range of ambient temperatures places higher demands on testing equipment and personnel capabilities, leading to a significant increase in the number of tests and testing costs. This increases testing expenses and R&D costs for companies, while also extending the product development cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of one of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this application is to provide a full-temperature emission prediction method and apparatus to solve the problems of numerous tests and high test costs in the related technology.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a method for predicting emissions at all temperatures, comprising the steps of:

[0007] Acquire emission test data of various pollutants from vehicles of the same family as the test vehicle at different ambient temperatures, and generate full-temperature emission curves for each pollutant for each vehicle.

[0008] For each pollutant, the full-temperature emission curves of each vehicle are normalized under a pre-selected ambient temperature and then summarized to construct a full-temperature emission prediction model for each pollutant.

[0009] Input the emission test data of a certain pollutant from the test vehicle at the pre-selected ambient temperature into the full-temperature emission prediction model of the pollutant, and output the maximum and minimum emission values ​​of the pollutant at other ambient temperatures;

[0010] When the maximum emission value at any ambient temperature is less than or equal to the emission limit at that ambient temperature, the emission of the pollutant at that ambient temperature is deemed to be compliant; when the minimum emission value at any ambient temperature is greater than the emission limit at that ambient temperature, the emission of the pollutant at that ambient temperature is deemed to be non-compliant.

[0011] In some embodiments, the full-temperature emission profiles of each vehicle under each pollutant are normalized at a pre-selected ambient temperature, specifically including:

[0012] The emission data of the pollutant at each ambient temperature on the curve are compared with the emission data of the pollutant at the pre-selected ambient temperature.

[0013] In some embodiments, the full-temperature emission prediction model for any pollutant includes a mapping relationship between ambient temperature and the maximum and minimum emission factors of the pollutant.

[0014] In some embodiments, the maximum emission value of a pollutant at any ambient temperature is the product of the maximum emission coefficient of the pollutant at that ambient temperature and the emission test data of the pollutant at a pre-selected ambient temperature;

[0015] The minimum emission value of the pollutant at any ambient temperature is the product of the minimum emission coefficient of the pollutant at that ambient temperature and the emission test data of the pollutant at a pre-selected ambient temperature.

[0016] In some embodiments, when the maximum emission value at any ambient temperature is greater than the emission limit for that ambient temperature, and the minimum emission value is less than or equal to the emission limit for that ambient temperature, a pollutant emission test is performed at that ambient temperature to determine whether the emission is qualified.

[0017] In some embodiments, full-temperature emission profiles for each pollutant from each vehicle are generated, specifically including:

[0018] Using ambient temperature as the independent variable and the emission data of the pollutant under ambient temperature as the dependent variable, a fitting regression equation is established;

[0019] Based on the emission test data of the pollutant at various ambient temperatures of the vehicle, a set of fitted regression equations was constructed, and the least squares method was used to solve the set of fitted regression equations to obtain the full-temperature emission curve of the pollutant of the vehicle.

[0020] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned fitted regression equation is:

[0021]

[0022] in, x The ambient temperature; y This represents the emission data of the pollutant at that ambient temperature, as shown on the curve.

[0023] In some embodiments, the ambient temperature range is -15 to 40°C.

[0024] In some embodiments, the preselected ambient temperature is 23°C.

[0025] A second aspect of this application provides a full-temperature emission prediction device, comprising:

[0026] The curve generation module is used to acquire emission test data of various pollutants of each vehicle in the same family as the test vehicle at different ambient temperatures, thereby generating full-temperature emission curves of each pollutant for each vehicle.

[0027] The model building module is used to normalize the full-temperature emission curves of each vehicle under each pollutant at a pre-selected ambient temperature and then summarize them to build a full-temperature emission prediction model for each pollutant.

[0028] The full-temperature emission prediction model for a certain pollutant is used as input for the emission test data of the pollutant from the test vehicle at the above-mentioned pre-selected ambient temperature, and outputs the maximum and minimum emission values ​​of the pollutant at other ambient temperatures;

[0029] The judgment module is used to determine that the emission of a pollutant at any ambient temperature is qualified when the maximum emission value at any ambient temperature is less than or equal to the emission limit at that ambient temperature, and to determine that the emission of a pollutant at any ambient temperature is unqualified when the minimum emission value at any ambient temperature is greater than the emission limit at that ambient temperature.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include:

[0031] The full-temperature emission prediction method and apparatus of this application acquires emission test data of various pollutants from vehicles of the same family as the test vehicle at different ambient temperatures. This generates full-temperature emission curves for each pollutant for each vehicle. Then, for each pollutant, the full-temperature emission curves of each vehicle are normalized at a pre-selected ambient temperature and summarized to construct a full-temperature emission prediction model for each pollutant. Since inputting the emission test data of a certain pollutant from the test vehicle at a pre-selected ambient temperature into the full-temperature emission prediction model for that pollutant allows the output of the maximum and minimum emission values ​​of that pollutant at other ambient temperatures, it is possible to determine whether the emission of that pollutant is within acceptable limits at any given ambient temperature. Therefore, this not only reduces the number of tests, lowers testing costs and development costs, but also shortens the development cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the full-temperature emission prediction method in this embodiment;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction of the full-temperature emission prediction model for CO in this embodiment;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the relationship between CO emission data and ambient temperature in this embodiment;

[0036] Figure 4 This is the sum of the normalized full-temperature emission curves for each vehicle in this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the emission prediction using the CO full-temperature emission prediction model in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides an embodiment of a full-temperature emission prediction method, which includes the following steps:

[0040] S1. Obtain emission test data of each pollutant from each vehicle in the same family as the test vehicle at different ambient temperatures, and generate full-temperature emission curves for each pollutant for each vehicle.

[0041] Among them, the pollutants mentioned above are those for which emission measurements can be supported.

[0042] S2. For each pollutant, the full-temperature emission curves of each vehicle are normalized under the pre-selected ambient temperature and then summarized to construct a full-temperature emission prediction model for each pollutant.

[0043] In this embodiment, to predict emissions for the entire vehicle family, it is necessary to collect emission data from multiple models to form a full-temperature emission extension relationship model applicable to the entire vehicle family. The pre-selected ambient temperature can be any ambient temperature within the range of -15 to 40°C where known emission results are known. This allows for the prediction of the full-temperature emission prediction model, based on which the risk of emissions exceeding standards for the test vehicle at any temperature point can be predicted.

[0044] S3. Input the emission test data of a certain pollutant from the test vehicle at the pre-selected ambient temperature into the full-temperature emission prediction model of the pollutant, and output the maximum and minimum emission values ​​of the pollutant at other ambient temperatures.

[0045] S4. When the maximum emission value at any ambient temperature is less than or equal to the emission limit at that ambient temperature, the emission of the pollutant at that ambient temperature is deemed to be compliant; when the minimum emission value at any ambient temperature is greater than the emission limit at that ambient temperature, the emission of the pollutant at that ambient temperature is deemed to be non-compliant.

[0046] The full-temperature emission prediction method in this embodiment acquires emission test data for various pollutants from vehicles of the same family as the test vehicle at different ambient temperatures. This generates full-temperature emission curves for each pollutant for each vehicle. Then, for each pollutant, the full-temperature emission curves for each vehicle are normalized at a pre-selected ambient temperature and summarized to construct a full-temperature emission prediction model for each pollutant. Since inputting the emission test data of a certain pollutant from the test vehicle at a pre-selected ambient temperature into the full-temperature emission prediction model for that pollutant allows for the output of the maximum and minimum emission values ​​for that pollutant at other ambient temperatures, it is possible to determine whether the pollutant's emissions are within acceptable limits at any given ambient temperature. Therefore, this method not only reduces the number of tests, lowers testing costs and development costs, but also shortens the development cycle.

[0047] Based on the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the full-temperature emission curve of any vehicle under any pollutant is normalized at a pre-selected ambient temperature, specifically including:

[0048] The emission data of the pollutant at each ambient temperature on the vehicle's full-temperature emission curve are divided by the emission data of the pollutant at a pre-selected ambient temperature to obtain the normalized full-temperature emission curve of the pollutant for that vehicle. This process is repeated for each vehicle to obtain its normalized full-temperature emission curve for that pollutant. Furthermore, the normalized full-temperature emission curve for each vehicle under each pollutant can be obtained.

[0049] Furthermore, the full-temperature emission prediction model for any pollutant includes: the mapping relationship between ambient temperature and the maximum and minimum emission coefficients of the pollutant.

[0050] In this embodiment, the maximum emission value of a pollutant at any ambient temperature is the product of the maximum emission coefficient of the pollutant at that ambient temperature and the emission test data of the pollutant at a pre-selected ambient temperature.

[0051] The minimum emission value of the pollutant at any ambient temperature is the product of the minimum emission coefficient of the pollutant at that ambient temperature and the emission test data of the pollutant at a pre-selected ambient temperature.

[0052] Based on the above embodiments, in this embodiment, when the minimum emission value at any ambient temperature is greater than the emission limit at that ambient temperature, the emission is judged to be unqualified.

[0053] Furthermore, when the maximum emission value at any ambient temperature is greater than the emission limit for that ambient temperature, and the minimum emission value is less than or equal to the emission limit for that ambient temperature, a pollutant emission test is conducted at that ambient temperature to determine whether the emission is up to standard.

[0054] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment generates a full-temperature emission curve for a certain pollutant from a certain vehicle, specifically including the following steps:

[0055] First, using ambient temperature as the independent variable and the pollutant emission data at ambient temperature as the dependent variable, a fitted regression equation is established.

[0056] Then, based on the emission test data of the pollutant at various ambient temperatures of the vehicle, i.e. the emission data test values, a set of fitted regression equations is constructed, and the least squares method is used to solve the set of fitted regression equations to obtain the full temperature emission curve of the pollutant of the vehicle.

[0057] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned fitted regression equation is:

[0058]

[0059] in, x The ambient temperature; y To fit the emission data of this pollutant at this ambient temperature on the curve. represents the parameters of the fitted regression equation.

[0060] The "full temperature" range in this embodiment refers to expanding the emission test temperature range to cover a wide range of temperature and weather conditions across the country. In this embodiment, the full temperature emission test range covers -15 to 40°C. Therefore, the aforementioned ambient temperature range is -15 to 40°C.

[0061] Preferably, the above-mentioned pre-selected ambient temperature is 23°C.

[0062] In this embodiment, the raw data for establishing the full-temperature emission prediction model is obtained from tests conducted on the same series of vehicle models under a specific test condition at different ambient temperatures. Specifically, the emission test operation procedure at 23°C can refer to the ambient temperature emission standard GB18352.6-2016. The emission test operation procedures at other ambient temperatures can be defined based on existing regulations and standards, specifying vehicle operating boundary conditions (e.g., turning on the vehicle heater at low temperatures, turning on the vehicle air conditioner at high temperatures), or the test procedures for different ambient temperatures in the next phase of light-duty vehicle emission standards.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, taking CO as the pollutant, each vehicle underwent CO emission tests at -15℃, -10℃, -7℃, 0℃, 14℃, 23℃, 30℃ and 40℃ respectively.

[0064] First, CO emission test data for each vehicle, including vehicle type 1 to vehicle type n, were obtained at the above 8 ambient temperature points. Ambient temperature was used as the independent variable, and the emission test data of the pollutant at ambient temperature was used as the dependent variable. A regression equation was then used for fitting.

[0065] Based on the CO emission test data from the above 8 ambient temperature points, a set of fitted regression equations was constructed:

[0066]

[0067] Its matrix form is:

[0068]

[0069] Simplify the matrix form:

[0070]

[0071] Least squares expression:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, the least squares method fits the curve. This is the measured emission vector. Given a parameter vector, the solution is obtained. Thus, the regression equation for temperature emissions can be obtained.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the relationship between CO emission data and ambient temperature is obtained from the CO emission regression equation of a certain vehicle model.

[0075] To achieve the CO emission test data of the test vehicle at a pre-selected ambient temperature point. To predict emissions at other temperature points, the emission curves for all temperatures need to be normalized.

[0076] j =[-15,40]

[0077] in, Y y represents the normalized full-temperature emission curve, and y represents the unnormalized full-temperature emission curve. y j For the pre-selected ambient temperature T j CO emission data on the pre-normalized full-temperature emission curve.

[0078] The normalized full-temperature emission curves for vehicles of the same family are compiled according to pollutant category. The CO curve is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the shaded area represents the predictable range of the CO full-temperature emission prediction model, from which the maximum and minimum emission coefficients for other ambient temperatures can be obtained. The vertical axis represents the pollutant emission coefficient for CO, with the pre-selected ambient temperature T... j The emission factor is 1.

[0079] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, a full-temperature emission prediction model for CO is used to predict the ambient temperature T of the test vehicle. i The emissions prediction process specifically includes the following steps:

[0080] A1. Conduct emission tests on the test vehicle at a pre-selected ambient temperature to obtain CO emission test data at the pre-selected ambient temperature;

[0081] A2. Input the pre-selected ambient temperature and corresponding CO emission test data into the full-temperature emission prediction model, and output the test vehicle T. i Maximum CO emission value y imax and minimum emission values y imin ;

[0082] A3. Determine T i Maximum CO emission value y imax Is it greater than T? i CO emission limits L i , and T i Minimum CO emission levels y imin Does it exceed the emission limit? L i If the maximum emission value is less than or equal to the emission limit, that is... y imax ≤ Li If the minimum emission value is greater than the emission limit, then turn onto A5; y imin > L i If the maximum emission value is greater than the emission limit and the minimum emission value is less than or equal to the emission limit, then proceed to A6; y imax > L i ,and y imin ≤ L i Turn onto A4.

[0083] A4. Determine that emissions may be non-compliant, and address the T... i Conduct CO emission testing to verify whether the emissions are within acceptable limits, then the process ends.

[0084] A5. Emissions are deemed compliant; end here.

[0085] A6. Emissions are deemed non-compliant; end here.

[0086] The method in this embodiment uses the least squares method to fit emission data of vehicles of the same family under different ambient temperatures, summarizes the normalized fitting curves of multiple models under the same family, and establishes a full-temperature emission prediction model to obtain the risk of emission exceeding the standard of the test vehicle at different temperature points, thereby reducing the number of tests and reducing test costs or R&D costs.

[0087] This application also provides an embodiment of a full-temperature emission prediction device, which includes a curve generation module, a model building module, and a judgment module.

[0088] The aforementioned curve generation module is used to obtain emission test data of various pollutants from vehicles of the same family as the test vehicle at different ambient temperatures, thereby generating full-temperature emission curves for each vehicle for each pollutant.

[0089] The aforementioned model building module is used to normalize the full-temperature emission curves of each vehicle under each pollutant at a pre-selected ambient temperature and then summarize them to build a full-temperature emission prediction model for each pollutant.

[0090] The full-temperature emission prediction model for a certain pollutant is used to input the emission test data of the pollutant from the test vehicle at the above-mentioned pre-selected ambient temperature, and output the maximum and minimum emission values ​​of the pollutant at other ambient temperatures.

[0091] The aforementioned judgment module is used to determine that the emission of the pollutant at any ambient temperature is qualified when the maximum emission value at any ambient temperature is less than or equal to the emission limit at that ambient temperature, and to determine that the emission of the pollutant at any ambient temperature is unqualified when the minimum emission value at any ambient temperature is greater than the emission limit at that ambient temperature.

[0092] The full-temperature emission prediction device in this embodiment can realize the above-mentioned full-temperature emission prediction methods. By summarizing the emission data of the same family of vehicles according to the pollutant category through the regression equation, the predictable range of the emission model is obtained after normalization. This allows for the determination of the emission exceedance risk of the test vehicle at any temperature point, thereby reducing the number of tests, lowering test costs and development costs, and shortening the development cycle.

[0093] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0094] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0095] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for predicting emissions at all temperatures, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Acquire emission test data of various pollutants from vehicles of the same family as the test vehicle at different ambient temperatures, and generate full-temperature emission curves for each pollutant for each vehicle. For each pollutant, the full-temperature emission curves of each vehicle are normalized under a pre-selected ambient temperature and then summarized to construct a full-temperature emission prediction model for each pollutant. The test data of a certain pollutant emission from the test vehicle at the pre-selected ambient temperature is input into the full-temperature emission prediction model of the pollutant, and the maximum and minimum emission values ​​of the pollutant at other ambient temperatures are output. When the maximum emission value at any ambient temperature is less than or equal to the emission limit at that ambient temperature, the emission of the pollutant at that ambient temperature is deemed to be compliant; when the minimum emission value at any ambient temperature is greater than the emission limit at that ambient temperature, the emission of the pollutant at that ambient temperature is deemed to be non-compliant. For each pollutant, the full-temperature emission curves of each vehicle were normalized at the pre-selected ambient temperature, specifically including: The emission data of the pollutant at each ambient temperature on the curve are compared with the emission data of the pollutant at the pre-selected ambient temperature.

2. The full-temperature emission prediction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The full-temperature emission prediction model for any pollutant includes the mapping relationship between ambient temperature and the maximum and minimum emission coefficients of that pollutant.

3. The full-temperature emission prediction method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The maximum emission value of a pollutant at any ambient temperature is the product of the maximum emission coefficient of the pollutant at that ambient temperature and the emission test data of the pollutant at a pre-selected ambient temperature. The minimum emission value of the pollutant at any ambient temperature is the product of the minimum emission coefficient of the pollutant at that ambient temperature and the emission test data of the pollutant at a pre-selected ambient temperature.

4. The full-temperature emission prediction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the maximum emission value at any ambient temperature is greater than the emission limit for that ambient temperature, and the minimum emission value is less than or equal to the emission limit for that ambient temperature, a pollutant emission test is conducted at that ambient temperature to determine whether the emission is up to standard.

5. The full-temperature emission prediction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Generate full-temperature emission curves for each pollutant from each vehicle, specifically including: Using ambient temperature as the independent variable and the emission data of the pollutant under ambient temperature as the dependent variable, a fitting regression equation is established; Based on the emission test data of the pollutant at various ambient temperatures of the vehicle, a set of fitted regression equations was constructed, and the least squares method was used to solve the set of fitted regression equations to obtain the full-temperature emission curve of the pollutant of the vehicle.

6. The full-temperature emission prediction method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The fitted regression equation is: in, x Ambient temperature; y The data represents the emission data of this pollutant at that ambient temperature on the curve. represents the parameters of the fitted regression equation.

7. The full-temperature emission prediction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ambient temperature range is -15 to 40°C.

8. The full-temperature emission prediction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-selected ambient temperature is 23°C.

9. A full-temperature emission prediction device, characterized in that, It includes: The curve generation module is used to acquire emission test data of various pollutants of each vehicle in the same family as the test vehicle at different ambient temperatures, thereby generating full-temperature emission curves of each pollutant for each vehicle. The model building module is used to normalize the full-temperature emission curves of each vehicle under each pollutant at a pre-selected ambient temperature and then summarize them to build a full-temperature emission prediction model for each pollutant. The full-temperature emission prediction model for a certain pollutant is used as input for the emission test data of the pollutant from the test vehicle at the pre-selected ambient temperature, and outputs the maximum and minimum emission values ​​of the pollutant at other ambient temperatures; The judgment module is used to determine that the emission of the pollutant at any ambient temperature is qualified when the maximum emission value at any ambient temperature is less than or equal to the emission limit at that ambient temperature, and to determine that the emission of the pollutant at any ambient temperature is unqualified when the minimum emission value at any ambient temperature is greater than the emission limit at that ambient temperature. The model building module is also used for: The emission data of the pollutant at each ambient temperature on the curve are compared with the emission data of the pollutant at the pre-selected ambient temperature.

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