Radial telescopic adjustable electrolytic machining cathode

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of electrolytic processing, and particularly relates to a radial telescopic adjustable electrolytic processing cathode. The radial telescopic adjustable electrolytic processing cathode comprises a hollow cathode structure, the front and rear ends of the cathode structure are respectively provided with a front guide and a rear guide, and the cathode structure is composed of a fixed body and a variable diameter body. The fixed body is provided with a front guide at the front end, a liquid inlet hole is arranged at the center position of the front guide, and a liquid outlet hole is annularly arranged on the outer wall of the cylindrical shell. The variable diameter body comprises a cylindrical shell, and an expansion mechanism is arranged in the cylindrical shell. The present application eliminates the mechanical stress existing in mechanical processing, the tool accessibility is good, the cathode can slowly expand and contract in the processing process, the small gap processing can be maintained all the time, the high efficient and high precision one-time forming processing of the workpiece is realized, and the high efficient and precise electrolytic processing of complex components such as a hollow shaft of a wheel and an oil nozzle of an engine can be realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrolytic machining, and particularly relates to a radial telescopic adjustable electrolytic machining cathode. BACKGROUND

[0002] For the large-length-diameter ratio shafts such as the hollow shafts of machine wheels and the fuel injection nozzles of engines, the traditional mechanical machining method has the problems of poor tool accessibility, long tool bar, serious tool wear, low machining precision and the like. The electrolytic machining technology has the advantages of good surface quality, high productivity, no tool wear, no cutting stress, no burr and one-time rapid forming. The electrolytic machining technology has significant technical advantages and broad market application prospects for machining the large-length-diameter ratio hollow shafts made of high-strength and high-hardness materials and having the characteristics of small port diameter at both ends and large inner cavity in the middle.

[0003] At present, the existing documents propose various methods for machining the lightening holes of the cavity workpieces. The main methods are mechanical stamping and electrolytic machining. For example, the patent document CN105013935A discloses a die structure for punching lightening holes in metal plates. The die structure realizes the batch production of the lightening holes in the metal plates by integrating the punching and flanging of the lightening holes in one process through the special combination of the concave-convex die and the forming die. The patent document CN211867093U discloses an efficient machining device for the lightening holes of the aircraft landing gear shaft. The device directly drills the lightening holes of the landing gear shaft through the drill reamer head. However, the mechanical machining method has the problems of large stress on the workpiece, poor machining precision, poor surface quality, multiple machining, and low efficiency. The patent document CN101339593A discloses an expanded electrolytic machining cathode. The electrolyte is divided into two parts and enters the machining gap and the inside of the cathode block respectively. The cathode teeth are expanded by the pressure difference between the inside and outside, and the lightening holes of the workpiece are machined. However, the speed of the expansion of the cathode teeth cannot be accurately controlled, the machining stability cannot be ensured due to the large flow rate of the electrolyte, the cathode teeth cannot be maintained at a certain degree, and the speed of the expansion of the cathode teeth is too fast under the condition of large pressure, so that the high-precision machining of the lightening holes of the workpiece cannot be realized. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a radial telescopic adjustable electrolytic machining cathode to overcome the problems of poor tool accessibility, low machining efficiency and high cost in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the purpose of the present application, the technical scheme of the present application is: a radial telescopic adjustable electrolytic machining cathode, comprising a hollow cathode structure, the front and rear ends of the cathode structure are respectively provided with a front guide and a rear guide, and the cathode structure is composed of a fixed body and a variable diameter body connected together;

[0006] The fixed body comprises a cylindrical shell, the front end of the cylindrical shell is provided with a front guide, a liquid inlet hole is arranged at the center position of the front guide, and a liquid outlet hole is annularly arranged on the outer wall of the cylindrical shell;

[0007] The variable diameter body comprises a cylindrical shell, a liquid discharge hole is annularly arranged on the outer wall of the rear part of the cylindrical shell; an expansion mechanism is arranged in the cylindrical shell, the expansion mechanism is composed of a base, a coded driver, a precision transmission wheel, a sliding groove and a sliding rod, the end of the sliding rod is provided with a cathode tooth, the base is fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell, and the movement direction of the cathode tooth corresponds to the cathode tooth groove arranged on the cylindrical shell.

[0008] Further, the fixed body and the variable diameter body are connected through a thread structure.

[0009] Further, the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are arranged between the front and rear ends of the cathode structure and the front guide and the rear guide.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0011] (1) The present application adopts a telescopic control type electrolytic machining cathode, which eliminates the mechanical stress existing in mechanical machining, has good tool accessibility, can slowly expand and contract in the radial direction during the machining process, can always maintain small gap machining, and realizes high-efficiency and high-precision one-time forming machining of the workpiece.

[0012] (2) In the present application, the coded driver, the precision transmission wheel and the sliding rod jointly constitute an expansion mechanism, the movement speed of the coded driver can be reasonably and reliably controlled through coding, the movement of the coded driver makes the precision transmission wheel stably rotate, the rotation of one precision transmission wheel is converted into the radial movement of multiple sliding rods in the sliding rod groove through the sliding groove, and the radial expansion and contraction of the end cathode tooth is realized.

[0013] (3) Through the radial expansion and contraction movement of the cathode tooth, the rotation movement of the cathode in the circumferential direction and the axial reciprocating feeding movement are cooperatively controlled through the machine tool movement system, and finally the high-efficiency and high-precision electrolytic machining of large-length-diameter ratio shafts such as hollow shafts of machine wheels and oil injection nozzles of engines, which have the characteristics of small radial direction at both ends and large inner cavity in the middle, is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the object to be machined;

[0015] 1-a is a hollow shaft of a machine wheel

[0016] 1-b is the A-A sectional view

[0017] 1-c is the inner spline workpiece

[0018] 1-d is the B-B sectional view

[0019] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 is the sectional view of the fixed body of the present application

[0021] Figure 4 -a is the structural schematic diagram of the variable diameter body;

[0022] Figure 4 -b is the C-C sectional view of a; Figure 4 -a;

[0023] Figure 5 -a is the front view of the expansion mechanism;

[0024] Figure 5 -b is the encoded driver position diagram;

[0025] Figure 6 -a and 6-b are the structural schematic diagrams of the slide rod and the cathode tooth of the present application.

[0026] In the figure: 1 fixed body, 2 variable diameter body, 3 expansion mechanism, 4 front guide, 5 first sealing ring, 6 liquid inlet hole, 7 liquid outlet hole, 8 base, 9 liquid outlet hole, 10 second sealing ring, 11 rear guide, 12 encoded driver, 13 cathode tooth, 14- slide rod, 15-cathode tooth groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application will be described in more detail below in combination with the drawings and specific implementation cases.

[0028] The present application takes the front guide direction as front and the rear guide direction as rear, which are taken as the reference.

[0029] The object to be processed includes a large length-diameter ratio shaft with small inner diameter at both ends and large inner diameter in the middle: see Figure 1 -a is the hollow shaft lightening hole diagram, the workpiece has small inner diameter at both ends, large inner diameter in the middle, large length-diameter ratio and large belly shape.

[0030] See Figure 1 -b is the inner spline workpiece diagram, the workpiece has large length-diameter ratio and multiple grooves distributed in the internal ring.

[0031] See Figure 2A radial telescopic adjustable electrolytic processing cathode, comprising a hollow cathode structure, the front and rear ends of the cathode structure are respectively provided with a front guide 4 and a rear guide 11, and the front and rear ends of the cathode structure and the front guide 4 and the rear guide 11 are provided with a first sealing ring 5 and a second sealing ring 10. The front guide 4 is located at the front end of the fixed body 1, and the rear guide 11 is located at the rear end of the variable diameter body 2, which plays a role of positioning, guiding and supporting. The first sealing ring 5 and the second sealing ring 10 play a role of sealing water. The cathode structure is composed of the fixed body 1 and the variable diameter body 2 connected at the joint, the fixed body 1 and the variable diameter body 2 have the same diameter, and the fixed body 1 and the variable diameter body 2 are connected through the engagement of the threaded structure.

[0032] Referring to Figure 3 The fixed body 1 comprises a cylindrical shell, the front end of the cylindrical shell is provided with the front guide 4, the center of the front guide 4 is provided with a liquid inlet hole 6, the outer wall of the cylindrical shell is annularly provided with a liquid outlet hole 7, and a plurality of liquid outlet holes 7 are annularly distributed on the surface of the fixed body 1 and connected with the processing gap.

[0033] Referring to Figures 4-6 The variable diameter body 2 comprises a cylindrical shell, the rear outer wall of the cylindrical shell is annularly provided with a liquid discharge hole 9, a plurality of liquid discharge holes 9 are annularly distributed at the rear end of the variable diameter body 2 and connected with the liquid discharge cavity 16; the cylindrical shell is provided with an expansion mechanism 3, the expansion mechanism 3 is composed of a base 8, a coded driver 12, a precision transmission wheel, a sliding groove and a sliding rod 14, the end of the sliding rod 14 is provided with a cathode tooth 13, the radial telescopic control of the cathode tooth 13 is realized through the expansion mechanism 3 in the variable diameter body 2, the base 8 is fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical shell, and the movement direction of the cathode tooth 13 corresponds to the cathode tooth groove 15 provided on the cylindrical shell.

[0034] The expansion mechanism 3 is a known mechanism composed of the base 8, the coded driver 12, the precision transmission wheel, the sliding groove and the sliding rod 14.

[0035] The coded driver 12 is located on the precision transmission wheel, one end of the sliding rod 14 is connected with the cathode tooth 13, and the other end is matched with the sliding groove on the precision transmission wheel, can slide in the sliding groove with the rotation of the precision transmission wheel, and drives the radial movement of the cathode tooth 13. The expansion mechanism 3 can accurately control the rotation of the precision transmission wheel driven by the coded driver 12 in the processing process, the coded driver 12 can drive the gear to rotate forward or reversely, and then drive the rotational movement of the precision transmission wheel of the expansion mechanism 3, so that the cathode tooth 13 can move radially in the sliding groove during processing, and the rotation of the precision transmission wheel is converted into the radial movement of the sliding rod 14 in the sliding groove through the sliding rod 14, realizing the radial controllable telescopic of the cathode tooth 13, accompanied by the high-speed flow of the electrolyte in the processing gap and the rotation and reciprocating movement of the whole cathode in the workpiece driven by the pull rod, realizing the radial telescopic of the cathode tooth 13, the rotation and reciprocating movement of the whole cathode in the workpiece driven by the pull rod, and the radial telescopic of the cathode tooth 13. Figure 1The application discloses a complex workpiece machining method, which is characterized by high efficiency and high precision.

[0036] In use, the pull rod can control axial movement and rotation of the whole cathode body in the workpiece by being tightly connected with the pull rod through the threads arranged on the front guide 4.

[0037] In machining, the electrolyte flows into the fixed body cavity through the liquid inlet hole 6, and then flows into the machining gap under the constraint of pressure and the cathode body cavity, and the electrolyte flows out through the liquid outlet hole 9 in the variable diameter body 2 under the action of the first sealing ring 5 and the second sealing ring 10.

[0038] The detailed structure and working process of the expansion mechanism 3 in the variable diameter body 2 are as follows:

[0039] The expansion mechanism 3 comprises a base 8 for fixing a precision transmission wheel, and the base 8 is provided with the same number of slide grooves as the slide rods 14, and the slide rods 14 can move radially in the slide grooves. The precision transmission wheel is provided with annularly distributed slide grooves, the number of the slide grooves is the same as that of the slide rods 14, one end of the slide rod 14 is slidably located in the slide groove, the other end is welded with the cathode tooth 13, and the limit position of the slide rod 14 in the slide groove is the limit position of the cathode tooth 13 to stretch and retract, that is, the position of the cathode tooth groove 15.

[0040] The rotation of the precision transmission wheel is accurately driven in the machining process through the programming of the coded driver 12.

[0041] When the machining is completed, the coded driver 12 reversely moves at a stable speed, reversely drives the precision transmission wheel to rotate, all the slide rods 14 slowly contract radially in the slide grooves, and the cathode tooth 13 is completely withdrawn into the cathode body. Under the driving of the pull rod, the whole cathode is withdrawn from the workpiece, the tool is withdrawn, and the phenomenon that the cathode tooth 13 is scratched with the workpiece wall when the tool is withdrawn is effectively avoided.

[0042] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the application, and does not limit the application in any form. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made according to the technical essence of the application to the above embodiment are still within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the application.

Claims

1. A radially telescopic adjustable electrochemical machining cathode comprising a hollow cathode structure, the front and rear ends of the cathode structure are provided with a front guide (4) and a rear guide (11) respectively, characterized in that: The cathode structure is composed of a fixed body (1) and a variable-diameter body (2); the fixed body (1) comprises a cylindrical shell, a front guide (4) is arranged at the front end of the cylindrical shell, a liquid inlet hole (6) is arranged at the center position of the front guide (4), and a liquid outlet hole (7) is annularly arranged on the outer wall of the cylindrical shell; The variable-diameter body (2) comprises a cylindrical shell, a liquid discharge hole (9) is annularly arranged on the outer wall of the rear part of the cylindrical shell; an expansion mechanism (3) is arranged in the cylindrical shell, the expansion mechanism (3) is composed of a base (8), a coded driver (12), a precision transmission wheel, a sliding groove and a sliding rod (14), the end of the sliding rod (14) is provided with a cathode tooth (13), the base (8) is fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical shell, and the movement direction of the cathode tooth (13) corresponds to a cathode tooth groove (15) arranged on the cylindrical shell; the expansion mechanism (3) is programmed by the coded driver (12), the rotation of the precision transmission wheel driven by the coded driver (12) can be accurately controlled during the machining process, the coded driver (12) can drive the gear to rotate forward or reversely, thereby driving the precision transmission wheel of the expansion mechanism (3) to rotate and move, so that the cathode tooth (13) can move radially during machining under the limitation of the sliding groove, the rotation of the precision transmission wheel is converted into the radial movement of the sliding rod (14) in the sliding groove by the sliding rod (14), the radial controllable expansion and contraction of the cathode tooth (13) are realized, and the high-speed flow of the electrolyte in the machining gap and the rotation and reciprocating movement of the entire cathode driven by the pull rod in the workpiece are accompanied.

2. The electrolytic machining cathode with radial telescopic adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed body (1) and the variable-diameter body (2) are engaged and connected through a threaded structure.

3. An electrolytic machining cathode with radial telescopic adjustment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: First and second sealing rings (5) and (10) are arranged between the front and rear ends of the cathode structure and the front guide (4) and the rear guide (11).

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