A method for the year-round efficient production of bermuda grass tillers

Abstract

The application discloses a method for annual efficient production of centipedegrass seedling, which comprises the following steps: building a multi-layered culture shelf, preparing a seedbed, sowing seedlings, managing a rooting stage, managing a seedling forming stage, pre-harvest management, harvesting seedlings, and post-harvest management. According to the technical scheme, the centipedegrass seedlings can be rapidly propagated under the precise environment control of temperature and light by building a multi-layered shelf indoors, and the seedlings can be harvested 6-8 times per year after one-time planting, so that the annual efficient production of the centipedegrass seedlings is realized, sufficient seedling materials are provided for national land greening, sports field lawn planting and ecological restoration, and remarkable economic benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of turfgrass production technology, and more specifically, to a method for year-round high-efficiency production of bermudagrass seedlings. Background Technology

[0002] Bermuda grass, belonging to the genus Bermuda in the Poaceae family, is a very important warm-season turfgrass, forage grass, and ecological grass, widely used in regions south of the warm temperate zone worldwide. High-quality Bermuda grass varieties are mostly vegetatively propagated, requiring the production of turf or seed tubers for lawn establishment. The vast majority of this turf or seed tuber production takes place on farmland. With a significant reduction in turf production area, including Bermuda grass, from farmland, coupled with the unchanged national demand for ecological restoration and landscaping, the market price of turfgrass has risen rapidly, sometimes even resulting in a situation where there is demand but no supply, severely limiting the industry's development. Finding a new production method that can address these problems in turfgrass production is essential for the modernization and sustainable development of turfgrass production.

[0003] Plant industrialization is a representative of modern agricultural high-tech fields. By precisely controlling plant growth factors such as light and temperature to regulate plant growth and development, it enables year-round continuous crop production and has already been applied to various plants (especially vegetables). Some research and technological development related to industrialized production has also been carried out in turfgrass. For example, An Yuan et al. researched a growth regulator for rapid turf establishment under low-light conditions in industrialized production. This technology can advance the establishment time of tall fescue by 15-25 days compared to the control (patent number ZL). (201110456343.5); Liu Nanqing et al. invented an intelligent turf production device and a method for producing pure turf with zero substrate. This invention utilizes an intelligent box-type turf production device and adopts a closed soilless culture method. Under certain constant temperature and light conditions, the nutrients, water, hormones, etc. required for turf growth are sprayed onto the plants to produce turf. No solid or liquid culture medium is required. However, there is no clear light quality ratio, nor is there any separate control based on the different growth and development stages of different turfgrasses and their different requirements for growth conditions such as temperature, light, and water (patent application number CN202010156356.X); Zhu Jiangli et al. invented a method for cultivating Bermuda grass using artificial light source. This invention uses Bermuda grass seeds as material, treats the seeds with the plant hormone indolebutyric acid, and then cultivates them under three combinations of red and blue light: 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1 to form turf (patent application number 201810428179.9).

[0004] For high-quality Bermuda grass varieties, vegetative propagation methods, such as sod blocks or seed rhizomes, are mostly used for establishment in production. Each node of a Bermuda grass can grow roots and shoots, rapidly forming a lawn. Therefore, seed rhizomes are an important establishment method for Bermuda grass, especially in high-end lawns such as sports fields, where they can create high-quality turf. With turf production being phased out of farmland, factory-scale Bermuda grass seed rhizome production is a potential solution to Bermuda grass production problems. Although some research has been conducted on factory-scale turfgrass production, these technologies mainly target certain production stages, such as light quality and growth regulators, or only turf production, not seed rhizome production. Furthermore, different turfgrass species have different environmental requirements. Temperature and light conditions are key factors affecting the growth and quality of Bermuda grass, especially light quality regulation. Plant photosynthetic pigments absorb light within a certain wavelength range, and their absorption capacity and utilization efficiency vary for different light qualities. Some wavelengths of white light have low plant utilization capacity, leading to a large amount of light energy being converted into heat and dissipated into the air, wasting energy and increasing input costs. Selecting appropriate light quality and temperature at different developmental stages of bermudagrass is beneficial for promoting bermudagrass growth and development, improving seed quality, reducing energy loss, and lowering production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical issues

[0006] How to effectively address the different developmental needs of bermudagrass for growth factors such as light quality and temperature, and improve the efficiency and quality of seed tuber production under factory production methods, is an urgent problem to be solved in this field.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] This invention provides a technology for the year-round high-efficiency production of bermudagrass seed tubers, which includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. Construct a multi-layered, three-dimensional culture rack: Construct a three-dimensional culture rack using triangular iron or other supports, with isolation layers set up at certain height intervals in the middle. The highest layer should be no less than 20 centimeters away from the roof. Place stainless steel or plastic trays on each layer to collect water, and install LED lights on the top of each layer as a light source.

[0010] S2. Seedbed preparation: Place seedling trays on the partition, sprinkle 3-4 cm of culture medium in advance, compact it and smooth the surface;

[0011] S3. Sowing seed stems: Sow the bermudagrass seed stems on the substrate according to a certain amount per unit area, and then cover them with a layer of soilless culture medium.

[0012] S4. Rooting stage management: Newly sown seed stems should be cultivated to root under certain constant temperature and low light conditions, and water should be sprayed daily to keep them moist.

[0013] S5. Management during the seed stem formation stage: After the seed stems have taken root and sprouted, promote the formation of seed stems under certain temperature and light conditions. Spray water frequently to keep the substrate moist and fertilize regularly to ensure sufficient nutrient supply.

[0014] S6. Pre-harvest management: When the seed stems grow to a certain size, pre-harvest management is carried out. Adjust the temperature and light conditions, control watering, promote the healthy growth of the seed stems, spray a preservative once two days before harvest, and water thoroughly one day before harvest to ensure that the seed stems have sufficient moisture content before harvesting.

[0015] S7. Harvesting of seed stalks: The seed stalks are harvested manually or mechanically at a stubble height of 3 cm.

[0016] S8. Post-harvest management: After the seed tubers are harvested, the stubble of the bermudagrass in the seedling tray should be cultivated again under the environmental conditions and management requirements in steps S5 and S6. Seed tubers will grow again after about one and a half months, and the next batch of seed tubers can be harvested.

[0017] Preferably, in step S1, the spacing between the layers of the culture rack is 40-50 cm, and the spacing between the lamp tube and the upper partition is 5-10 cm.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the seed tuber sowing amount is 2-3 nodes per square centimeter, each seed tuber has 2-4 nodes, and the covering thickness of the culture medium is 0.5-1 cm.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, the rooting stage temperature is 28-30℃, and the light conditions are a 1:1 ratio of red light (660 nm wavelength) to blue light (450 nm wavelength) with a light intensity of less than 50 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The low-light treatment takes 3-4 days.

[0020] Preferably, in step S5, the temperature conditions are as follows: daytime temperature controlled at 30-35℃ and nighttime temperature controlled at 20-25℃, forming a day-night temperature difference of 5-10℃. The illumination conditions are as follows: 660 nm red light: 450 nm blue light: 520 nm green light configured in a 5:1:1 ratio, with a light intensity of 400-500 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The light exposure time is 12-14 hours, and the dark time is 10-12 hours. Apply urea once at the beginning stage, at a dosage of 8-12 g·m³. -2 Apply a compound fertilizer with an N, P, and K content of 15% once after 20-30 days, at a dosage of 15-25 g·m³. -2 .

[0021] Preferably, in step S6, the harvestable seed tubers are 10-15 cm or longer, with 4-6 nodes. Water control is implemented 5-7 days before harvest, with the substrate moisture content controlled to 50% of maximum field capacity, the temperature controlled to 25-30℃, and the light conditions changed to 450 nm blue light with a light intensity of 500-600 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The light exposure time is 12-14 hours, and the darkness time is 10-12 hours.

[0022] Preferably, the preservative formulation in step S6 is 1.0-1.5 mmol·L⁻¹ salicylic acid. -1 Brassinolide 0.2-0.3 mg·L -1 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-4 g·L -1 Prepare a mixed aqueous solution and spray it onto the leaves until they are moist.

[0023] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0024] This invention provides a technology for the year-round, high-efficiency production of Bermuda grass seed tubers. This technology utilizes an indoor multi-layered rack cultivation model, precisely controlling the optimal light quality ratio and growth factors such as light intensity, temperature, moisture, and nutrients at different developmental stages of Bermuda grass, achieving rapid, high-yield, and high-quality results. After a single planting, 6-8 harvests can be conducted annually, enabling high-speed year-round production of Bermuda grass seed tubers. Pre-harvest treatment improves the quality of the finished seed tubers, extends their shelf life, and increases their survival rate. This technology can, to some extent, replace farmland production, alleviate the shortage of high-quality Bermuda grass seed tubers in the market, and provide ample seed tuber material for land greening, sports field turf establishment, and ecological restoration, resulting in significant economic benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] (1) Construct a multi-layer three-dimensional culture rack: Construct a three-dimensional culture rack with triangular iron or other supports, and set up isolation layers in the middle at a spacing of 50 cm. The highest layer is not less than 20 cm away from the roof. Place stainless steel plates or plastic trays on each layer for collecting water. Install LED lights on the top of each layer as light sources. The distance between the light tube and the upper partition is 10 cm.

[0028] (2) Seedbed preparation: Place seedling trays on the partition, sprinkle 3 cm thick culture medium in advance, compact it and smooth the surface.

[0029] (3) Sowing seed stems: Use seed stems with 3 nodes. Sow the bermudagrass seed stems on the substrate at a rate of 3 nodes per square centimeter, and then cover with a soilless culture medium with a thickness of 1 cm.

[0030] (4) Rooting stage management: The temperature for newly sown seed stems during the rooting stage is set at 30℃, and the light conditions are red light with a wavelength of 660 nm and blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm in a 1:1 ratio, with a light intensity of 40 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The light is low, and it is sprayed with water to keep it moisturized every day for 3 days.

[0031] (5) Management during the seed stem formation stage: After the seed stems have rooted and sprouted, adjust the temperature and light conditions to promote seed stem formation. The temperature conditions are: control the daytime temperature to 35℃ and the nighttime temperature to 25℃, forming a day-night temperature difference of 10℃. The light conditions are: 660 nm red light: 450 nm blue light: 520 nm green light in a ratio of 5:1:1, with a light intensity of 400-500 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The light exposure time is 14 hours and the dark time is 10 hours. The substrate should be kept moist by frequent water spraying. Urea should be applied once at the beginning stage at a dosage of 12 g / m². -2 Apply a compound fertilizer with an N, P, and K content of 15% once after 20 days, at a dosage of 25 g·m³. -2 This ensures an adequate supply of nutrients.

[0032] (6) Pre-harvest management: When the seed stems grow to 10-15 cm or more with 4-6 nodes, they can be harvested; 7 days before harvest, the substrate moisture content should be controlled to 50% of the maximum field capacity, the temperature should be controlled to 28℃, and the light conditions should be changed to 450 nm blue light with a light intensity of 600 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The light and dark periods were 12 hours each to slow the growth rate of the seed tubers and promote robust growth. A preservative was sprayed two days before harvest; the preservative formula was 1.0 mmol·L⁻¹ salicylic acid. -1 Brassinolide 0.3 mg·L -1 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 g·L -1 Prepare a mixed aqueous solution and spray it onto the leaves until the leaves are moist; water thoroughly one day before harvest to ensure that the seed tubers have sufficient moisture before harvesting.

[0033] (7) Harvesting of seed stalks: The seed stalks are harvested manually or mechanically at a stubble height of 3 cm.

[0034] (8) Post-harvest management: After the seedlings are harvested, the stubble of the bermudagrass in the seedling tray will be cultivated again under the environmental conditions and management requirements in steps (5) and (6). The stubble will grow new seedlings and the next batch of seedlings can be harvested.

[0035] Under this technology, the first batch of Bermuda grass rhizomes is harvested 65 days after planting, and thereafter every 45-50 days, for a total of about 7-8 harvests per year. The harvested rhizomes are robust with a high starch content, resulting in rapid germination and strong vigor after planting in the field. At the commonly used seed sowing density, the rhizomes can establish a lawn in 45 days.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] (1) Construct a multi-layer three-dimensional culture rack: Construct a three-dimensional culture rack with triangular iron or other supports, with isolation layers set up at 40 cm intervals in the middle, and the highest layer being no less than 20 cm from the roof. Place stainless steel trays or plastic trays on each layer for collecting water, and install LED lights on the top of each layer as light sources. The distance between the light tube and the upper partition is 5 cm.

[0038] (2) Seedbed preparation: Place seedling trays on the partition, sprinkle 4 cm thick culture medium in advance, compact it and scrape the surface smooth.

[0039] (3) Sowing seed stems: Use seed stems with 2 nodes, sow the bermudagrass seed stems on the substrate at a rate of 2 nodes per square centimeter, and then cover with a soilless culture medium with a thickness of 0.5 cm.

[0040] (4) Rooting stage management: During the rooting stage, the temperature of newly sown seed stems is set at 28℃, and the light conditions are red light with a wavelength of 660 nm and blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm in a 1:1 ratio, with a light intensity of 30 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The treatment involves applying it to low light conditions and spraying it with water daily for four days to maintain its moisture.

[0041] (5) Management during the seed stem formation stage: After the seed stems have rooted and sprouted, adjust the temperature and light conditions to promote seed stem formation. The temperature conditions are: control the daytime temperature to 30℃ and the nighttime temperature to 22℃, forming a day-night temperature difference of 8℃. The light conditions are: 660 nm red light: 450 nm blue light: 520 nm green light in a ratio of 5:1:1, with a light intensity of 400-500 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The light and dark periods are 12 hours each, and the substrate is kept moist by frequent water spraying. Urea is applied once at the beginning stage at a rate of 10 g / m². -2 Apply a compound fertilizer with an N, P, and K content of 15% once after 25 days, at a dosage of 20 g·m³.-2 This ensures an adequate supply of nutrients.

[0042] (6) Pre-harvest management: When the seed stems grow to 10-15 cm or more with 4-6 nodes, they can be harvested; 6 days before harvest, the substrate moisture content should be controlled to 50% of the maximum field capacity, the temperature should be controlled to 25℃, and the light conditions should be changed to 450 nm blue light with a light intensity of 500 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The light exposure time was 14 hours and the dark time was 10 hours to slow down the growth rate of the seed stems and promote robust seed stems. Two days before harvest, a preservative was sprayed; the preservative formula was 1.5 mmol·L⁻¹ salicylic acid. -1 Brassinolide 0.2 mg·L -1 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 g·L -1 Prepare a mixed aqueous solution and spray it onto the leaves until the leaves are moist; water thoroughly one day before harvest to ensure that the seed tubers have sufficient moisture before harvesting.

[0043] (7) Harvesting of seed stalks: The seed stalks are harvested manually or mechanically at a stubble height of 3 cm.

[0044] (8) Post-harvest management: After the seedlings are harvested, the stubble of the bermudagrass in the seedling tray will be cultivated again under the environmental conditions and management requirements in steps (5) and (6). The stubble will grow new seedlings and the next batch of seedlings can be harvested.

[0045] Under this technology, the first batch of Bermuda grass rhizomes is harvested 70 days after planting, and thereafter every 50-55 days, for a total of 6-7 harvests per year. The harvested rhizomes are robust with a high starch content, resulting in rapid germination and strong vigor after planting in the field. At the commonly used seed sowing density, the rhizomes can establish a turf after 45 days.

[0046] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A method for year-round high-efficiency production of bermudagrass seed tubers, characterized in that... The following are the operating steps: (1) Construct a multi-layer three-dimensional culture rack: Construct a three-dimensional culture rack using triangular iron or other supports, with isolation layers set up at certain height intervals in the middle. The highest layer should be no less than 20 cm away from the roof. Place stainless steel or plastic trays on each layer for collecting water, and install LED lights on the top of each layer as a light source. (2) Seedbed preparation: Place seedling trays on the partition, sprinkle 3-4 cm thick culture medium in advance, compact it and smooth the surface; (3) Sowing seed stems: Sow the bermudagrass seed stems on the substrate according to a certain amount per unit area, and then cover them with a soilless culture medium. (4) Rooting stage management: Newly sown seed stems are cultivated to root under certain constant temperature and low light conditions, and water is sprayed daily to keep them moist. (5) Management of the seed stem formation stage: After the seed stems take root and sprout, promote the formation of seed stems under certain temperature and light conditions, spray water frequently to keep the substrate moist, and fertilize regularly to ensure sufficient nutrient supply. (6) Pre-harvest management: When the seed stems grow to a certain size, pre-harvest management is carried out. Adjust the temperature and light conditions, control watering, promote the healthy growth of the seed stems, spray a preservative once two days before harvest, and water thoroughly one day before harvest to ensure that the seed stems have sufficient moisture content before harvesting. (7) Harvesting of seed stalks: The seed stalks are harvested manually or mechanically at a stubble height of 3 cm; (8) Post-harvest management: After the seed tubers are harvested, the stubble of the bermudagrass in the seedling tray should be cultivated again under the environmental conditions and management requirements in steps (5) and (6). After 1.5 months, the stubble will grow seed tubers again, and the next batch of seed tubers can be harvested. In step (3), the seeding amount of the seed stem is 2-3 nodes per square centimeter, the size of each seed stem is 2-4 nodes, and the covering thickness of the culture medium is 0.5-1 cm; In step (4), the rooting stage temperature is 28-30℃, and the light conditions are red light with a wavelength of 660 nm and blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm in a 1:1 ratio, with a light intensity of less than 50 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The low-light treatment takes 3-4 days; In step (5), the temperature conditions are controlled at 30-35℃ during the day and 20-25℃ at night, forming a diurnal temperature difference of 5-10℃. The illumination conditions are configured with 660 nm red light, 450 nm blue light, and 520 nm green light in a 5:1:1 ratio, with a light intensity of 400-500 μmol·m. -2 ·s -1 The light exposure time is 12-14 hours, and the dark time is 10-12 hours. Apply urea once at the beginning stage, at a dosage of 8-12 g·m³. -2 Apply a compound fertilizer with an N, P, and K content of 15% once after 20-30 days, at a dosage of 15-25 g / m³. -2 ; In step (6), the harvestable seed stems should be 10-15 cm or longer, with 4-6 nodes. Water control should be implemented 5-7 days before harvest, with the substrate moisture content controlled to 50% of maximum field capacity, the temperature controlled to 25-30℃, and the light conditions changed to 450 nm blue light with a light intensity of 500-600 μmol·m. -2 ·s -1 The light exposure time is 12-14 hours, and the darkness time is 10-12 hours. The preservative formulation mentioned in step (6) is 1.0-1.5 mmol·L⁻¹ salicylic acid. -1 Brassinolide 0.2-0.3 mg·L -1 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-4 g·L -1 Prepare a mixed aqueous solution and spray it onto the leaves until they are moist.

2. The method for year-round high-efficiency production of bermudagrass seed tubers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the layers of the culture rack in step (1) is 40-50 cm, and the spacing between the lamp tube and the upper partition is 5-10 cm.