Multi-functional fish scale surface texture with reduced tool stress concentration and method of making

Abstract

This invention discloses a multifunctional fish-scale surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration and is composed of multiple basic units. Each basic unit is a fish-scale shaped pit, and the multiple basic units are uniformly arranged in a matrix shape, a circumferential shape, or a circular ray shape. This invention also discloses a method for preparing the multifunctional fish-scale surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration. This invention is used to reduce cutting temperature, mitigate cold welding, adhesion, and diffusion phenomena, increase tool wear resistance, and extend tool life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical tribology tool design technology, specifically relating to a multifunctional fish-scale surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration, and a method for preparing the multifunctional fish-scale surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration. Background Technology

[0002] Tribology and bionics research has shown that high-performance surface textures have demonstrated promising applications in friction reduction, wear resistance, hydrophobicity and drag reduction, and adhesion / desorption. They have been widely used in mechanical seals, cylinder liners and piston rings, cutting tools, sliding bearings, and heavy-duty gears. Biomimetic texture patterns, inspired by biological surfaces, exhibit similar mechanisms of action to those of living organisms, laying the foundation for engineering applications.

[0003] Cutting tools face wear and failure during the cutting process. The heat generated during cutting primarily originates from shear slip in the shear zone and friction between the tool-workpiece and tool-chip interfaces. The development of texture technology provides a theoretical basis for improving tool performance. By machining micro / nano structures of specific sizes and shapes at specific locations on the tool surface (rake or flank face), the friction and lubrication state at the tool-chip interface can be improved during cutting. On one hand, the microtexture on the tool surface can store cutting fluid or lubricant, forming a stable boundary lubrication layer at the tool-chip interface. On the other hand, introducing appropriate surface textures on the tool face can reduce the tool-chip contact area, improve friction, lubrication, and heat dissipation conditions, thereby lowering the cutting temperature, mitigating cold welding, adhesion, and diffusion phenomena, increasing tool wear resistance, improving the quality of the machined surface, extending tool life, and responding to the concepts of green machining and green development.

[0004] In the field of biomimetic drag reduction, besides research on shark skin drag reduction, some scholars have also studied the drag reduction performance of ordinary fish scales. By mimicking the pits on the surface of fish scales, a simplified three-dimensional fish scale-shaped pit model was established. The results show that this model has a significant drag reduction effect. Compared to a smooth surface, although the fish scale-shaped pit surface generates additional pressure difference drag, it also significantly reduces frictional resistance, ultimately resulting in drag reduction. Based on this, the application of a self-designed fish scale texture to the surface of cutting tools is considered. This not only reduces stress concentration generated by the tool during cutting, but also, due to its excellent drag reduction effect, allows the lubricating cutting fluid to quickly reach the workpiece-tool contact interface, achieving its lubrication and cooling effect in a timely manner. The surface texture fabrication method is simple, low-cost, and easy to implement. Its size and structure can also be reasonably adjusted according to actual operating conditions, showing broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The first objective of this invention is to provide a multifunctional fish-scale surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration and lowers cutting temperature, reduces cold welding, bonding and diffusion phenomena, increases tool wear resistance and extends tool life.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multifunctional fish-scale surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration and is composed of multiple basic units; each basic unit is a fish-scale shaped pit.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, multiple basic units are uniformly arranged in a matrix shape, a circular shape, or a circular ray shape.

[0008] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a multifunctional fish-scale surface texture that reduces stress concentration in the cutting tool, thereby reducing stress concentration during the cutting process and preventing tool chipping.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this invention is: a method for preparing a multifunctional fish-scale surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration, specifically implemented according to the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Polish the surface of the tool with sandpaper, then ultrasonically treat the polished tool in acetone and anhydrous ethanol, followed by degreasing and drying.

[0011] Step 2: Place the cleaned tool on the operating table and fix it. Turn on the laser and process the fish scale-shaped pits by adjusting the processing parameters of the laser.

[0012] Step 3: Select the corresponding processing technology according to the required surface texture arrangement, and process it to obtain a fish-scale-shaped surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration and has multiple functions.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 1, the surface of the tool is polished sequentially using sandpaper of 800 grit, 1200 grit, 1500 grit and 2000 grit.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the depth of the pit is 5 to 100 μm, the tilt angle θ ranges from 0 to 360°, the arc radii R1, R2 and R3 are the same and the radius is 30 to 200 μm, the height a of one outermost vertex is equal to the height b of the other outermost vertex and is 1 / 2 of the arc radii R1, R2 and R3.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spacing between each pit along the secondary cutting edge direction is 1 to 20 μm; and the spacing between each pit along the main cutting edge direction is 5 to 100 μm.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the overall boundary of the texture is 5 to 150 μm away from the cutting edge.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the texture is distributed in a 3mm×3mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or front and rear face) and the area enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc; the area ratio Sp ranges from 30% to 55%.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the specific process of processing the rectangular array arrangement of the fish scale-shaped surface texture is as follows: the center of the drawn graphic is set as the origin, and the ultraviolet light spot is aligned with the center of the intersection of the diagonals of the matrix for marking.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the process of processing fish-scale surface texture circular uniform arrangement method and fish-scale surface texture circular ray arrangement method is as follows: set the center of the drawn pattern as the origin, align the ultraviolet light spot to the center of the substrate circle, and mark it.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The fish-scale surface texture of the present invention can store cutting fluid or lubricant and form a stable boundary lubrication layer at the tool-chip contact interface; on the other hand, it can also reduce the tool-chip contact area, improve friction, lubrication and heat dissipation conditions, thereby reducing cutting temperature, alleviating cold welding, adhesion and diffusion, increasing tool wear resistance, improving the quality of the machined surface, extending tool service life, and responding to the concept of green processing and green development. (2) Due to its excellent drag reduction effect, the fish-scale surface texture of the present invention allows the lubricating cutting fluid to quickly reach the workpiece-tool contact interface and achieve its lubrication and cooling effect in a timely manner. (3) The fish-scale surface texture of the present invention can reduce tool surface stress, reduce stress concentration problems in the cutting process, and effectively prevent tool chipping. (4) The fish-scale surface texture of the present invention can reasonably adjust the texture size according to the actual workpiece and working conditions, and can be applied to mechanical parts such as mechanical seals, bearings, computer hard drives, cylinders, piston rings, and guide rails. (5) The surface texture manufacturing method is simple, low-cost and easy to implement. Its size and structure can also be reasonably adjusted according to the actual working conditions, and its application prospects are relatively broad. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the control sample (untextured cutting tool);

[0022] Figure 2 This invention features a design drawing for reducing tool stress concentration and a multifunctional fish-scale surface texture;

[0023] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a cutting tool with a fish-scale texture. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0025] Control sample (non-woven tool): such as Figure 1 As shown, the tool material selected is WC-Co cemented carbide, with the main components being 92% WC and 8% Co. The rake angle is 0°, the clearance angle is 10°, and the tip radius is 0.5 μm. The ultimate tensile strength is 2.3 GPa. To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load is applied to a 2 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face and the area enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip radius; that is, the main cutting force Fz is added to this area. The depth of cut resistance Fy is added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx is added to the main cutting edge. All the above cutting forces are obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz is taken as 800 N, the depth of cut resistance Fy is taken as 150 N, and the feed resistance Fx is taken as 200 N.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 The present invention discloses a method for preparing a multifunctional fish-scale surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration. The method is implemented according to the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Polish the surface of the control sample tool (non-textured tool) sequentially with 800 grit, 1200 grit, 1500 grit and 2000 grit sandpaper. Place the polished tool in acetone and anhydrous ethanol for 30 minutes each for ultrasonic treatment to remove oil stains, and then blow dry.

[0029] Step 2: Place the cleaned tool on the operating table and fix it. Turn on the laser and process the fish scale-shaped pits by adjusting the laser processing parameters.

[0030] Step 3: Select the corresponding processing technology according to the required surface texture arrangement, and process it to obtain a fish scale-shaped surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration and has multiple functions.

[0031] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface are all the same depth, 5 μm. The inclination angle θ of the pits is 90°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are not equal), with an arc radius of 200 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half of the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 150 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 32.7%.

[0032] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] The steps for preparing the surface texture of the cutting tool are the same as in Example 1, except that:

[0035] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface have a uniform depth of 45 μm. The inclination angle θ of the pits is 90°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are not equal), with an arc radius of 200 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 150 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 32.7%.

[0036] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] The steps for preparing the surface texture of the cutting tool are the same as in Example 1, except that:

[0039] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface are all the same depth, 85 μm. The inclination angle θ of the pits is 90°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are not equal), with an arc radius of 200 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half of the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 150 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 32.7%.

[0040] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] The steps for preparing the surface texture of the cutting tool are the same as in Example 1, except that;

[0043] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface have a uniform depth of 45 μm. The inclination angle θ of the pits is 180°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are not equal), with an arc radius of 200 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 150 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 50.0%.

[0044] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0045] Example 5

[0046] The steps for preparing the surface texture of the cutting tool are the same as in Example 1, except that;

[0047] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface have a uniform depth of 45 μm. The inclination angle θ of the pits is 270°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are not equal), with an arc radius of 200 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 150 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 32.7%.

[0048] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0049] Example 6

[0050] The steps for preparing the surface texture of the cutting tool are the same as in Example 1, except that;

[0051] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface have a uniform depth of 45 μm. The inclination angle θ of the pits is 0°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are not equal), with an arc radius of 200 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 150 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 50.0%.

[0052] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0053] Example 7

[0054] The steps for preparing the surface texture of the cutting tool are the same as in Example 1, except that;

[0055] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface have a uniform depth of 45 μm. The inclination angle θ of the pits is 270°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are not equal), with an arc radius of 50 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 150 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 30.4%.

[0056] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0057] Example 8

[0058] The preparation steps for the surface texture are the same as in Example 1, except that:

[0059] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface are all the same depth, 45 μm. The inclination angle θ of the pits is 270°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are not equal), with an arc radius of 100 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 150 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 50.0%.

[0060] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0061] Example 9

[0062] The steps for preparing the surface texture of the cutting tool are the same as in Example 1, except that:

[0063] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface have a uniform depth of 45 μm. The inclination angle θ of the pits is 270°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are not equal), with an arc radius of 150 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 150 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 49.0%.

[0064] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0065] Example 10

[0066] The steps for preparing the surface texture of the cutting tool are the same as in Example 1, except that:

[0067] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface have a uniform depth of 45 μm. The texture's tilt angle θ is 270°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are unequal), with an arc radius of 150 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 50 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 48.7%.

[0068] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0069] Example 11

[0070] The steps for preparing the surface texture of the cutting tool are the same as in Example 1, except that:

[0071] The fish-scale-shaped pits on the tool surface have a uniform depth of 45 μm. The inclination angle θ of the pits is 270°. The arc radii R1, R2, and R3 of the pits are the same (note: the three arc lengths are not equal), with an arc radius of 150 μm. The height 'a' of the leftmost vertex of the pit is equal to the height 'b' of the rightmost vertex, and is half the arc radius (R1, R2, and R3). The overall boundary of the texture is 100 μm from the cutting edge. The texture is distributed in a 3 mm × 3 mm area at the tip of the rake face (flank face or both rake and flank faces) and in the area enclosed by the primary and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. The area ratio Sp is 51.3%.

[0072] To approximate actual cutting conditions as closely as possible, a surface load was applied to a 2mm × 3mm area at the tip of the rake face and the region enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc. This meant the main cutting force Fz was added to this area. The depth-of-cut resistance Fy was added to the secondary cutting edge, and the feed resistance Fx was added to the main cutting edge. All of these cutting forces were obtained through cutting experiments. The main cutting force Fz was set to 800N, the depth-of-cut resistance Fy to 150N, and the feed resistance Fx to 200N.

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] The form of the microtexture pattern on the tool surface has a significant impact on the distribution of tool stress. Simulation cloud diagrams of overall stress in untextured and microtextured tools are presented (different texture depths, texture arrangement angles, texture radius, and distances from the texture to the cutting edge). The comparison reveals that the maximum stress in untextured tools is mainly distributed at the tool tip and flank face, leading to more severe wear on the cutting edge and flank face, and even chipping. In microtextured tools, the stress is mainly distributed at the main cutting edge and tool tip, but the maximum stress occurs in a very small area at the bottom of the microtexture groove. No stress concentration occurs on the flank face. This indicates that the formation of the texture can reduce wear on the flank face during cutting, thereby lowering the cutting temperature and resulting in a better machined surface.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multifunctional fish-scale surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration and produces a texture, characterized in that, The surface texture is composed of multiple basic units; each basic unit is a fish-scale shaped pit; the multiple basic units are evenly arranged in a matrix shape, a circular shape, or a circular ray shape; The method for preparing the surface texture is specifically implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Polish the surface of the tool with sandpaper, then ultrasonically treat the polished tool in acetone and anhydrous ethanol, followed by degreasing and drying. Step 2: Place the cleaned tool on the operating table and fix it. Turn on the laser and process the fish scale-shaped pits by adjusting the processing parameters of the laser. Step 3: Select the corresponding processing technology according to the required surface texture arrangement, and process it to obtain a multifunctional fish scale surface texture that reduces tool stress concentration. In step 1, the surface of the tool is polished sequentially using sandpaper of 800 grit, 1200 grit, 1500 grit, and 2000 grit. The depth of the pit is 5 to 100 μm, the tilt angle θ ranges from 0 to 360°, and the pit is a closed curve structure composed of three circular arcs. The radii R1, R2 and R3 of the three circular arcs are the same and range from 30 to 200 μm. The height a of one outermost vertex is equal to the height b of another outermost vertex and is half of the radius R1, R2 and R3 of the circular arcs. Along the secondary cutting edge direction, the spacing between each pit is 1–20 μm; along the primary cutting edge direction, the spacing between each pit is 5–100 μm.

2. The preparation method of the multifunctional fish-scale surface texture with reduced tool stress concentration and according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overall boundary of the texture is 5–150 μm from the cutting edge.

3. The preparation method of the multifunctional fish-scale surface texture with reduced tool stress concentration and according to claim 2 is characterized in that, The texture is distributed in a 3mm×3mm area at the tip of the rake face and in the area enclosed by the main and secondary cutting edges and the tip arc; the area ratio Sp ranges from 30% to 55%.

4. The preparation method of the multifunctional fish-scale surface texture with reduced tool stress concentration and according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific process for processing a uniformly arranged fish-scale-shaped surface texture matrix is ​​as follows: set the center of the drawn graphic as the origin, align the ultraviolet light spot with the center of the intersection of the matrix diagonals, and mark it.

5. The preparation method of the multifunctional fish-scale surface texture with reduced tool stress concentration and according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of processing fish-scale surface texture with uniform circumferential and circular ray shapes is as follows: the center of the drawn graphic is set as the origin, and the ultraviolet light spot is aligned with the center of the substrate for marking.

Images