Dual laser assisted machining and repairing integrated tool

Abstract

The application discloses a double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated tool, which comprises a tool body used for cutting machining of a workpiece, a machining laser assembly used for heating a region to be machined of the workpiece, and a repairing laser assembly used for heating a tool mark wave crest on the surface of the workpiece. The double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated tool can realize laser auxiliary cutting machining, reduce tool body wear during super-precision machining of hard and brittle materials, and simultaneously repair tool marks left on the machining surface during cutting by means of laser. Specifically, the repairing laser irradiates the tool mark wave crest on the surface of the workpiece, the tool mark wave crest melts under high-temperature irradiation, and flows to a wave trough under the action of surface tension, so that the roughness of the whole workpiece surface is reduced, and the polishing and repairing effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of ultra-precision machining and laser-assisted machining technology, and in particular to a dual-laser-assisted machining and repair integrated tool. Background Technology

[0002] High-performance, extremely difficult-to-machine materials are widely used in aerospace and optical inspection fields, such as single-crystal silicon, quartz glass, and ceramics. However, due to their high hardness, high wear resistance, and brittleness, single-point diamond cutting results in severe tool wear and poor surface finish, significantly limiting their application in various fields.

[0003] To address these issues, various field-assisted machining methods have been introduced into cutting processes in recent years. Among them, laser-assisted turning, which can locally heat the area to be machined, enables ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle materials while reducing tool wear. However, single-point diamond machining leaves tool marks on the machined surface, which cause specular light scattering and severely affects the optical performance of the system.

[0004] Therefore, while delaying tool wear, ensuring the surface accuracy of extremely difficult-to-machine materials has become an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a dual-laser assisted machining and repair tool that can realize ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle materials by laser, reduce tool wear, and repair tool marks left on the workpiece surface during turning.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A dual-laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool, including

[0008] The tool body is used for cutting and machining workpieces;

[0009] Laser processing components are used to heat the area of ​​the workpiece to be processed;

[0010] Repair laser components used to heat the peaks of the tool marks on the workpiece surface.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0012] The optical paths of the two laser beams generated by the processing laser component and the repair laser component both pass through the blade body.

[0013] The cutting tool includes a front cutting face, a rear cutting face, an upper end face, a lower end face, a rear upper end face, and a rear lower end face. The processing laser beam generated by the processing laser assembly is incident from the rear upper end face and exits from the front cutting face or the cutting tip. The repair laser beam generated by the repair laser assembly is incident from the rear lower end face and exits from the rear cutting face.

[0014] The angle of the rake face is a negative rake angle, which is suitable for machining brittle materials.

[0015] Since the rake face of the tool body 1 has a negative rake angle, in order to avoid total internal reflection of the machining laser beam on the rake face, which would prevent the machining laser from exiting the rake face, a certain tilt angle is set on the upper rear end face. The incident angle of the machining laser beam reaching the rake face is:

[0016] α3 = α2 + α4 - α0;

[0017] According to the triangular relationship, we can obtain: α0 = α1;

[0018] According to the law of refraction, we can obtain:

[0019]

[0020] Wherein, α0 is the incident angle of the machining laser beam on the upper rear end face, α1 is the angle between the upper rear end face and the vertical direction, α2 is the refraction angle of the machining laser beam on the upper rear end face, α3 is the incident angle of the machining laser beam on the rake face, α4 is the angle between the rake face and the vertical direction, n0 is the refractive index of air for the machining laser beam, and n1 is the refractive index of the tool body for the machining laser beam.

[0021] Furthermore, in order to make the processing laser beam as close as possible to the processing area after it exits from the front face, the angle at which the processing laser beam is incident on the rear upper end face can be adjusted.

[0022] The cutting tool is a single-crystal diamond tool with a negative rake face angle greater than 25° and a flank face angle of -10°. The processing laser is a continuous or high-repetition-rate laser.

[0023] The repair laser is a continuous or high-repetition-rate laser.

[0024] The processing laser component includes:

[0025] The laser generator and the guide light generator are used to generate continuous or high-repetition-rate lasers. The light emitted by the guide light generator and the laser generator is coaxial, and the light emitted by the guide light generator is in the visible light band.

[0026] The processing laser shaping section includes a laser collimating lens and a laser focusing lens. The processing laser generator and the guide light generator are connected to the processing laser shaping section via optical fibers.

[0027] The repair laser component includes:

[0028] Repair laser generators used to produce continuous or high-repetition-rate lasers;

[0029] The repair laser shaping component includes a laser collimating lens and diffractive optical elements. The repair laser generator is connected to the repair laser shaping component via optical fiber.

[0030] The distance between the incident light from the repair laser component and the center of the blade edge is:

[0031] D = d + f / 2;

[0032] And d = F / V;

[0033] Where d is the spacing of the tool marks on the workpiece surface, F is the feed rate, V is the spindle speed, and f is the feed amount.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] 1) This invention employs a dual-laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool, comprising a machining laser component and a repair laser component. On one hand, it enables laser-assisted cutting, achieving ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle materials while reducing tool wear. On the other hand, it simultaneously repairs tool marks left on the machined surface during the cutting process in real time using the laser. Specifically, when the repair laser irradiates the peaks of the tool marks on the workpiece surface, the high temperature causes melting at the peaks, which then flows to the troughs under surface tension, thereby reducing the overall surface roughness of the workpiece and achieving a polishing repair effect. By polishing and repairing the tool marks generated during machining in real time, not only is the overall machining time shortened, but the surface quality of the workpiece is also improved.

[0036] 2) In the processing and repair of this invention, the optical paths of the two laser beams both pass through the blade body, so the optical paths are not affected by the external environment.

[0037] 3) By limiting the angle of the upper rear end face of the tool body, the present invention ensures that the two laser beams used for processing and repair will not be refracted or reflected to the tool base, thereby avoiding laser heating of the tool base and reducing the impact of tool thermal expansion on the quality of the workpiece surface. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-laser assisted processing and repair integrated tool of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the blade body in this invention.

[0040] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the processing laser passing through the cutting tool body in this invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the correspondence between α3 and α1 in this invention.

[0042] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Tool body; 11. Front face; 12. Back face; 13. Upper end face; 14. Lower end face; 15. Upper rear end face; 16. Lower rear end face; 2. Machining laser components; 21. Machining laser generator and guide light generator; 22. Machining laser shaping part; 3. Repairing laser components; 31. Repairing laser generator; 32. Repairing laser shaping part; 4. Workpiece; 5. Optical fiber. Detailed Implementation

[0043] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0044] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0045] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "assembly," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment discloses a dual-laser assisted processing and repair tool for monocrystalline silicon materials, including a tool body 1, a processing laser generator and a guide light generator 21, and a repair laser generator 31. The processing laser generator can generate continuous or high-repetition-rate laser with a wavelength of 1064nm, and the repair laser generator 31 can generate continuous or high-repetition-rate laser with a wavelength of 532nm. Of course, in other embodiments, the corresponding wavelength needs to be selected according to the material of the workpiece 4.

[0048] The laser beam propagates through optical fiber 5 to the laser shaping section. The processing laser shaping section 22 includes a laser collimating lens and a laser focusing lens, which can shape the emitted processing laser beam into the required intensity and shape distribution. By designing the curvature and spacing of the lenses in the laser shaping section, the processing laser beam can achieve a Gaussian energy distribution spot size ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. The repair laser shaping section 32, including a laser collimating lens and diffractive optical elements, can shape the emitted repair laser beam into the required intensity and shape distribution.

[0049] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the tool body 1 includes a front cutting face 11, a rear cutting face 12, an upper end face 13, a lower end face 14, a rear upper end face 15, and a rear lower end face 16. The machining laser beam enters from the rear upper end face 15, passes through the interior of the tool body 1, and then exits through the front cutting face 11 to the surface of the workpiece 4.

[0050] In this embodiment, the machining tool is a cylindrical single-crystal diamond tool with a rake face 11 having an inclination angle of -45° and a flank face 12 having an inclination angle of -10°. The refractive index of the diamond material tool body 1 for a 1064nm wavelength laser is 2.392. When the area outside the interface of the diamond material tool body 1 is air, the total internal reflection angle is:

[0051]

[0052] If the angle between the upper rear end face 15 and the vertical direction is α1, then the refraction angle α2 of the machining laser beam after passing through the upper rear end face 15 and entering the interior of the cutter body 1 is:

[0053]

[0054] The incident angle α3 when the machining laser beam propagates to the rake face is:

[0055] α3=α2-45+α1

[0056] Figure 4 The figure shows the relationship between α3 and α1. In order to prevent the machining laser beam from being totally reflected at the rake face 11, α1 should be greater than 34°.

[0057] The repair laser beam enters through the lower rear end face 16, passes through the inside of the cutter body 1, and exits at the rear cutter face 12 onto the surface of the workpiece 4.

[0058] After the repair laser beam is shaped by diffractive optical elements, the intensity distribution of the beam is controlled to make the intensity distribution consistent with the morphology of the knife marks. The position of the incident repair laser beam is adjusted by calculating the position of the knife mark peaks.

[0059] The spacing d of the knife marks is:

[0060]

[0061] Where F is the feed rate and V is the spindle speed.

[0062] The distance D between the incident laser beam and the center of the cutting edge is:

[0063]

[0064] Where f is the feed rate.

[0065] By setting it up as described above, the incident position of the repair laser beam can be deviated by a distance D, so that it irradiates the peak of the tool marks on the surface of the workpiece 4. Under high temperature irradiation, the peak of the tool marks melts and flows to the valley under the action of surface tension, thereby reducing the overall roughness of the surface of the workpiece 4 and playing a polishing and repair role.

[0066] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool, characterized in that: The utility model relates to a kind of laser cutting machine, including Tool body (1) is used to cut workpiece (4); Processing laser assembly (2) is used to heat workpiece (4) region to be processed; Repair laser assembly (3) is used to heat the crest of tool mark on the surface of workpiece (4); The tool body (1) includes rake face (11), relief face (12), upper end face (13), lower end face (14), rear upper end face (15) and rear lower end face (16), processing laser beam generated by the processing laser assembly (2) is incident from the rear upper end face (15) and is emitted from the rake face (11) or nose position;The repair laser assembly (3) is generated from the rear lower end face (16) and is emitted from the relief face (12) repair laser beam; The incidence angle of processing laser beam to the rake face (11) is: α3=α2+α4-α0； And alpha0=alpha1; ； Wherein, alpha0 is the incidence angle of processing laser beam on rear upper end face (15), alpha1 is the angle between rear upper end face (15) and vertical direction, alpha1 is greater than 34 °, alpha2 is the refraction angle of processing laser beam on rear upper end face (15), alpha3 is the incidence angle of processing laser beam on rake face (11), alpha4 is the angle between rake face (11) and vertical direction, n0 is the refractive index of air to processing laser beam, n1 is the refractive index of tool body (1) to processing laser beam; The tool body (1) is single crystal diamond tool, rake face inclination is negative and the value is greater than 25 °, relief face inclination is-10 °, processing laser is continuous or high frequency laser; The distance between the incident light of repair laser assembly (3) and the edge center of tool body (1) is: D=d+f / 2; And, d=F / V; Wherein, d is the pitch of tool mark on the surface of workpiece (4), F is feed speed, V is spindle speed, f is feed amount.

2. The dual laser-assisted machining and repair-in-one tool according to claim 1, wherein: The angle of rake face (11) is negative rake angle.

3. The dual laser-assisted machining and repair-in-one tool according to claim 2, wherein: Repair laser is continuous or high frequency laser.

4. The dual laser-assisted machining, repair all-in-one tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The processing laser assembly (2) includes: Processing laser generator and guide light generator (21), processing laser generator is used to generate continuous or high frequency laser, guide light generator and the light emitted by processing laser generator are coaxial, and the light emitted by guide light generator is visible light band; Processing laser shaping part (22) includes laser collimating lens and laser focusing mirror, and processing laser generator and guide light generator (21) are connected with processing laser shaping part (22) through optical fiber (5).

5. The dual laser-assisted machining, repair all-in-one tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The repair laser assembly (3) includes: Repair laser generator (31) is used to generate continuous or high frequency laser; Repair laser shaping part (32) includes laser collimating lens and diffractive optical element, and repair laser generator (31) is connected with repair laser shaping part (32) through optical fiber (5).

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