A device and method for preparing organic fertilizer directly applied to farmland by anaerobic high-temperature curing of crop straw

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method for preparing organic fertilizer by anaerobic high-temperature curing of crop straw, and belongs to the field of agricultural production. The device comprises a conveying device, a straw segmenting and rubbing device, a straw feeding hopper, an anaerobic curing device, a biomass granulator and a straw pellet dispersing device. The method comprises the following steps: straw feeding, bale opening and dispersing, roller extrusion, segmenting, rubbing, rolling, anaerobic sealing, high-temperature curing, ventilation and cooling, bacterial agent spraying, pellet forming and outputting. The device can directly process freshly harvested and unwithered field crop straw into organic fertilizer, shortens the natural airing time, omits the composting or over abdomen process and effectively improves the ecological environment. In addition, the device can eliminate the disadvantages of intensified plant diseases and insect pests, air leakage and seedling burning and ridge breaking caused by direct straw returning to the field to the greatest extent. Through the device and method, the organic fertilizer can be prepared at low cost, and the organic matter and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the crop straw can be retained to the greatest extent.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a device and method for preparing organic fertilizer directly applicable to farmland by anaerobic high-temperature curing of crop straw. BACKGROUND

[0002] China is a large agricultural country, and crop straw resources are very rich, with about 700 million tons of straw produced annually. For a long time, straw has been used as the main fuel for farmers, livestock feed, and organic fertilizer, and a small part has been used as industrial raw materials and edible fungus base. Due to the transfer of rural labor, the improvement of energy consumption structure, and the application of various alternative raw materials, combined with the high cost of straw comprehensive utilization, poor economic efficiency, and low degree of industrialization, seasonal straw concentrated burning is serious in various parts of the country. Not only does it waste resources and pollute the environment, but it also seriously threatens traffic safety. Due to the high cost and long time of direct straw return to the field, the intensification of pests and diseases, and the problems of air leakage, burning seedlings, and broken ridges, fast composting and pile-fermentation return to the field cannot be widely promoted due to environmental protection policies. Therefore, after implementing the direct straw return to the field technology for a period of time, it is generally criticized and rejected by farmers, and they refuse to return straw directly to the field. At the same time, due to the maturation of straw energy utilization technology, straw energy development has become the mainstream technology for straw utilization, and straw fertilizer mainly tends to be applied as fertilizer for straw burning ash, so that the straw organic fertilizer, which should be an alternative to chemical fertilizer, is marginalized, and the organic matter contained in the straw cannot be efficiently utilized. Although the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and other trace elements in the straw are partially retained, it also leads to the reduction of chemical fertilizer use and the serious waste of straw resources. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the problems of intensification of pests and diseases, air leakage, burning seedlings, and long incubation time in the existing direct straw return to the field technology, and to provide a processing method and application technology for simultaneous return of straw to the field and efficient fertilizer utilization, which shortens the straw decomposition time and achieves the application purpose of effectively replacing chemical fertilizer.

[0004] To achieve the above application purposes and achieve the above technical effects, the present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0005] The application discloses a device for preparing organic fertilizer by anaerobic high-temperature curing of crop straw, which is characterized by comprising a first conveying device, a straw cutting and rubbing device arranged at the discharging end of the first conveying device, and a straw feeding hopper arranged at the upper portion of the first conveying device; a second conveying device is arranged at the discharging end of the straw cutting and rubbing device, a third conveying device is connected to the discharging end of the second conveying device, the third conveying device is arranged in an anaerobic curing device, the third conveying device extends out of the anaerobic curing device at the output end, a biomass granulator is arranged at the bottom of the third conveying device, a fourth conveying device is arranged at the discharging end of the biomass granulator, a straw granule scattering device is arranged at the bottom of the discharging end of the fourth conveying device, and a fifth conveying device is arranged at the bottom of the discharging end of the straw granule scattering device; a roller rolling and sheeting conveying device is arranged at the top of the second conveying device, the roller rolling and sheeting conveying device is arranged obliquely at the upper portion of the second conveying device, and the interval between the roller rolling and sheeting conveying device and the second conveying device gradually decreases along the conveying direction of the straw; a same-direction roller high-temperature-resistant flexible conveying belt is arranged at the upper portion of the third conveying device, and a heat source conveying pipeline and a heat dissipation device connected thereto are arranged at the lower portion of the third conveying device; top supporting rollers and upper pressure bearing rollers are arranged at the upper portion of the same-direction roller high-temperature-resistant flexible conveying belt, lower pressure bearing rollers and bottom supporting rollers are arranged at the lower portion of the third conveying device, and the heat source conveying pipeline and the heat dissipation device are arranged between the lower pressure bearing rollers and the bottom supporting rollers; a closed space is formed between the same-direction roller high-temperature-resistant flexible conveying belt and the third conveying device; and an air cooling device and a mature powder spraying device are arranged at one end of the third conveying device extending out of the anaerobic curing device.

[0006] The application further discloses a method for preparing organic fertilizer by anaerobic high-temperature curing of crop straw, which comprises the following steps by using the device.

[0007] In step one, crop straw is preliminarily crushed and cut by a roller pressing and rotary cutting device, and short-cut and rubbed straw is obtained by a plurality of rotary rubbing cutters.

[0008] In step two, the short-cut and rubbed straw is uniformly sent into a roller rolling and sheeting device to be pressed into a continuous sheeting, and then the sheeting is subjected to anaerobic high-temperature curing and drying by an anaerobic curing device to achieve the effects of sterilization, egg killing and fiber curing; the roller rolling thickness of the roller rolling device is set to be 3-6 mm, the sheeting is continuously rolled and compacted in the anaerobic curing device to form an anaerobic environment, the working temperature of the anaerobic curing device is not lower than 150 DEG C, the passing time of the sheeting in the anaerobic curing device is not less than 3 min, and the generated smoke is collected and treated by an external smoke treatment device.

[0009] Step three, the cooled matured flaky straw is sent through the compost powder blowing device, and the straw compost powder is uniformly sprayed to the straw pressing surface through the powder blowing head, so that the straw compost powder is applied; wherein the straw compost powder is a composite microbial agent, the effective viable spore bacteria number is more than 200 billion / g, and the mixing amount is 0.05%-0.1% of the weight of the straw;

[0010] Step four, the matured straw sprayed with the straw compost powder is sent into the biomass granulator to be pressed into biomass blocks, and the volume of the straw is compressed;

[0011] Step five, the straw biomass block is sent into the straw granule scattering device to be scattered, so that the matured organic fertilizer semi-loose granule with the straw compost powder is obtained; the maximum particle size of the straw briquette scattered by the scattering machine is not more than 15 mm, and the moisture content of the quick-rot organic fertilizer granule product is controlled to be between 7-15%.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: the present application can directly process the newly harvested and not dried field crop straw into organic fertilizer, shortens the natural airing time, omits the composting or over-ventilation link, effectively improves the ecological environment, and maximally eliminates the disadvantages of intensified pests and diseases, air leakage, seedling burning and ridge breaking caused by direct straw returning to the field; through the present application, not only the organic fertilizer can be prepared at low cost, but also the organic matter and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium rich in the crop straw can be maximally reserved, so that a new technical scheme for preparing organic fertilizer is provided for the implementation scheme of a new round of fertilizer reduction in China. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the device and method for preparing the directly field-returnable organic fertilizer from the crop straw through anaerobic high-temperature maturation.

[0014] Figure 2 is a structural schematic view of the straw segmenting and rubbing device in the device and method for preparing the directly field-returnable organic fertilizer from the crop straw through anaerobic high-temperature maturation.

[0015] Figure 3 is a structural schematic view of the anaerobic maturation device in the device and method for preparing the directly field-returnable organic fertilizer from the crop straw through anaerobic high-temperature maturation.

[0016] Figure 4 is a flow schematic view of the device and method for preparing the directly field-returnable organic fertilizer from the crop straw through anaerobic high-temperature maturation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0018] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the present application is usually placed, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only used to distinguish descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like appear, they do not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is relatively more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality of" represents at least 2.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, if the terms "arrangement", "installation", "connection", "connection" appear, they should be understood in a broad sense, for example, can be fixedly connected, can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically connected, can be electrically connected; can be directly connected, can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be connected inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances. Embodiments

[0022] In conjunction with the accompanying Figures 1-3The utility model provides a kind of device for preparing organic fertilizer of crop straw anaerobic high-temperature curing preparation directly returned to field, including first conveying device 1, first conveying device 1 discharge end is provided with straw section rubbing silk device 2, first conveying device 1 upper portion is provided with straw feed hopper 3;Straw section rubbing silk device 2 discharge end is provided with second conveying device 4, second conveying device 4 discharge end is connected with third conveying device 5, third conveying device 5 is arranged in anaerobic curing device 6, third conveying device 5 output end extends anaerobic curing device 6, its bottom is provided with biomass granulator 7, biomass granulator 7 discharge end is provided with fourth conveying device 8, fourth conveying device 8 discharge end bottom is provided with straw granule scattering device 9, straw granule scattering device 9 discharge end bottom is provided with fifth conveying device 10.

[0023] Straw feed hopper 3 is provided with feed channel 11 along first conveying device 1, and rotary unbinding knife 12 is arranged on feed channel 11;Feed channel 11 extends into straw section rubbing silk device 2 and is provided with roll splitting roller 13;Roll splitting roller 13 is provided with roll pressure rotary cutting device 14 and a plurality of rotary rubbing cutters 15 in straw section rubbing silk device 2 in sequence along the direction of straw transmission.

[0024] Second conveying device 4 top is provided with roll pressing sheet conveying device 16, and roll pressing sheet conveying device 16 is inclinedly arranged on the upper portion of second conveying device 4, and the interval between roll pressing sheet conveying device 16 and second conveying device 4 gradually decreases along the direction of straw conveying.

[0025] Third conveying device 5 upper portion is provided with co-rotating roller high-temperature-resistant flexible conveying belt 17, lower portion is provided with heat source conveying pipeline 18 and heat dissipation device 19 connected with heat source conveying pipeline 18;Co-rotating roller high-temperature-resistant flexible conveying belt 17 is provided with top supporting roller 20 and upper pressure roller 21 on the upper and lower sides, third conveying device 5 is provided with lower pressure supporting roller 22 and bottom supporting roller 23 on the upper and lower sides, heat source conveying pipeline 18 and heat dissipation device 19 are arranged between lower pressure supporting roller 22 and bottom supporting roller 23;Enclosed space is formed between co-rotating roller high-temperature-resistant flexible conveying belt 17 and third conveying device 5;Air cooling device 24 and mature powder spraying device 25 are arranged on the end of third conveying device 5 extending out of anaerobic curing device 6.

[0026] Combined with the drawings Figure 4 The utility model also discloses a kind of method for preparing organic fertilizer of crop straw anaerobic high-temperature curing preparation directly returned to field, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step one, the straw is crushed and cut by the roller cutting device 14, the straw is crushed and cut into short pieces, and the short pieces are obtained by the multiple rotating rubbing knife 15, the roller cutting device 14 breaks the shape of the straw by the pressure roller, and the straw is split into two halves or a loose state, the cutting length is 15-30mm; the multiple rotating rubbing knife 15 is designed in staggered manner, the rotating speed is controlled at 1300-1500r / min, and the diameter of the cutting and rubbing straw is not more than 5mm.

[0028] Step two, the short cutting and rubbing straw is uniformly sent into the roller pressing device, and is pressed into a continuous sheet, then is sent into the anaerobic curing device 6 for anaerobic high temperature curing and drying, so as to achieve the effects of sterilization, egg killing and fiber curing; the roller thickness of the straw roller device is set to 3-6mm, the anaerobic curing device 6 is formed by continuously rolling and compacting the sheet-shaped straw to form an anaerobic environment, and the working temperature of the curing device is not less than 150℃, the passing time of the sheet-shaped straw in the anaerobic curing device 6 is not less than 3min, and the smoke generated during the passing is collected and treated by the external smoke dust treatment device.

[0029] Step three, the cooled and cured sheet-shaped straw is sent into the rotting powder spraying device 25, the straw rotting powder is uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the sheet-shaped straw by the powder spraying head, and the straw rotting powder is applied; the straw rotting powder is a composite microbial agent, the effective viable spore count is more than 20 billion / g, and the mixing amount is 0.05%-0.1% of the weight of the straw;

[0030] Step four, the rotting powder sprayed straw is sent into the biomass granulator 7, and is pressed into a biomass block to compress the volume of the straw; the medium-low density biomass block pressed by the biomass granulator 7 has a diameter of 15-30mm, and the volume of the straw is compressed to 1 / 4-1 / 3;

[0031] Step five, the straw briquettes are sent into the straw granule dispersing device 9 to be dispersed, and the semi-loose granules of the rotting powder and the cured organic fertilizer are obtained; the maximum particle size of the straw briquettes dispersed by the dispersing machine is not more than 15mm, and the moisture content of the fast-rotting organic fertilizer granules is controlled to be 7-15%.

[0032] Compared with the existing method, one, the straw extrusion, crushing and rubbing integrated technology is created, the straw organization is damaged to the greatest extent by combining physical processing methods, and the straw rotting time is shortened;

[0033] Two, the straw rubbing fiber sheeting technology is created, the treated rubbing straw is uniformly spread and continuously rolled to be made into a semi-loose continuous sheet structure similar to a felt; the main purpose of processing the cutting and rubbing straw into a sheet-shaped straw is to quickly remove the excess water of the straw and continuously perform the sterilization and egg killing work process;

[0034] Third, the application is the first to close the oxygen-free high-temperature curing space by the up and down conveying device. The sheet-shaped straw is clamped between two conveying belts by installing another high-temperature flexible conveying belt on the top of the conveying device, forming an oxygen-free space, and then the whole closed conveying section is baked at a constant temperature above 150℃ by external heat source. The straw briquetting is passed through the oxygen-free high-temperature curing device within a set time to complete the sterilization, egg killing, drying and synchronous curing process of straw skin and fiber.

[0035] Fourth, the application creatively uses powder spraying surface layer bacteria increasing technology. The high-temperature cured and cooled straw is continuously sent into the closed powder spraying bacteria increasing device in a sheet shape. The rotten bacteria agent is uniformly sprayed to the surface of the straw by one or more powder spraying heads, so that the rotten bacteria agent can be uniformly mixed without stirring.

[0036] Fifth, the application creatively uses briquetting and scattering technology. In order to ensure that the organic fertilizer particles processed by the application have better application effect, the application first uses straw medium-density briquetting and scattering technology. The briquetting is scattered by the scattering machine, which retains the high-pressure compactness of the straw while forming broken pieces of ≯15mm, so that it has the characteristics of uniform and convenient application, and is more in line with the farming habits and mechanized operation of farmers.

[0037] The above describes the application and its embodiments, which is not limited, and the drawings shown are only one of the embodiments of the application, and the actual structure is not limited. In general, if a person skilled in the art is inspired, without departing from the purpose of the application, without creative design, similar structure and embodiments of the technical solution should belong to the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A device for preparing organic fertilizer that can be directly returned to the field by anaerobic high-temperature ripening of crop straw, characterized in that: The present invention comprises a first conveying device, a straw cutting and kneading device is provided at the discharge end of the first conveying device, a straw feeding hopper is provided on the upper part of the first conveying device; a second conveying device is provided at the discharge end of the straw cutting and kneading device, the discharge end of the second conveying device is connected to a third conveying device, the third conveying device is arranged in the anaerobic maturation device, the output end of the third conveying device extends out of the anaerobic maturation device, a biomass granulator is provided at the bottom, a fourth conveying device is provided at the discharge end of the biomass granulator, a straw particle breaking device is provided at the bottom of the discharge end of the fourth conveying device, and a fifth conveying device is provided at the bottom of the discharge end of the straw particle breaking device; a roller pressing and sheeting transmission device is provided on the top of the second conveying device, and the roller pressing and sheeting transmission device is provided. The rolled sheet conveying device is obliquely arranged on the upper part of the second conveying device, and the interval between it and the second conveying device gradually decreases along the straw conveying direction; the upper part of the third conveying device is provided with a same-direction roller high-temperature resistant flexible conveyor belt, and the lower part is provided with a heat source conveying pipeline and a heat dissipation device connected thereto; the upper and lower sides of the same-direction roller high-temperature resistant flexible conveyor belt are provided with top rollers and upper pressure rollers, and the upper and lower sides of the third conveying device are provided with lower pressure rollers and bottom rollers, and the heat source conveying pipeline and the heat dissipation device are provided between the lower pressure roller and the bottom roller; a closed space is formed between the same-direction roller high-temperature resistant flexible conveyor belt and the third conveying device; an air cooling device and a composting powder spraying device are provided on the end of the third conveying device extending out of the anaerobic maturation device.

2. The device for preparing organic fertilizer that can be directly returned to the field by anaerobic high-temperature ripening of crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw feeding hopper is provided with a feeding channel along the first conveying device, and a rotary unbundling knife is provided on the feeding channel.

3. The device for preparing organic fertilizer that can be directly returned to the field by anaerobic high-temperature ripening of crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding channel extends into the straw segmentation and kneading device and is provided with a spinning and splitting roller; the straw segmentation and kneading device is provided with a roller peeling device and multiple groups of rotating kneading tools in sequence along the straw conveying direction.

4. A method for preparing organic fertilizer that can be directly returned to the field by anaerobic high-temperature ripening of crop straw, characterized in that: Using the device as described in claims 1-3, the following steps are performed: Step 1: The crop straw is passed through a roller-pressed rotary cutting device to achieve preliminary crushing and cutting of the straw, and then passed through multiple sets of rotating shredding cutters to obtain short shredded straw; Step 2: The short-cut shredded straw is evenly fed into a roller sheeting device and pressed into a continuous blanket-like sheet. The sheet is then passed through an anaerobic maturation device for anaerobic high-temperature maturation and drying to achieve the effects of sterilization, egg removal, and fiber maturation. The straw rolling device has a rolling thickness of 3 to 6 mm. The anaerobic maturation device forms an anaerobic environment by continuously rolling and compacting the blanket-like straw. The operating temperature of the maturation device is not less than 150° C. The blanket-like straw passes through the anaerobic maturation device for not less than 3 minutes. The smoke generated during this period is collected and treated by an external smoke dust treatment device. Step 3: Pass the cooled matured straw flakes through a composting powder spraying device, and evenly spray the straw composting powder onto the surface of the straw flakes through a powder spraying head to complete the spreading of the straw composting powder; wherein the straw composting powder is a composite microbial agent with an effective viable spore count of more than 20 billion per gram, and the amount of the straw composting powder added is 0.05% to 0.1% of the weight of the straw; Step 4: feeding the matured straw sprayed with the straw composting powder into a biomass pelletizer to press it into biomass blocks and reduce the volume of the straw; Step 5: Send the straw biomass blocks into the straw pellet disintegration device to obtain semi-loose pellets of mature organic fertilizer with straw composting powder; the maximum particle size of the straw briquette dispersed by the disintegrator does not exceed 15 mm, and the moisture content of the finished fast-rotting organic fertilizer pellets is controlled between 7 and 15%.

5. The method for preparing organic fertilizer that can be directly returned to the field by anaerobic high-temperature ripening of crop straw according to claim 4, characterized in that: The roller-pressed peeling device destroys the shape of the straw through the pressure roller, splitting it into two halves or a looser state, with the cut length being 15~30mm; multiple sets of rotary shredding cutters are designed to be staggered, and the rotation speed is controlled at 1300~1500 rpm, and the diameter of the cut shredded straw is no more than 5mm.

6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer that can be directly returned to the field by anaerobic high-temperature ripening of crop straw according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 4, the diameter of the biomass blocks pressed by the biomass pelletizer is 15-30 mm, and the volume of the straw is compressed to 1 / 4-1 / 3.

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