A near-field region beamforming method, communication method and device

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of near-field region beam forming method, communication method and device.The method includes: the position of beam focus point is determined, obtains its distance parameter and angular coordinate parameter;Calculate focusing phase weighting coefficient and scanning phase weighting coefficient;To array unit is shifted or phase weighting in turn and form corresponding beam and other steps.The near-field region beam forming method and device provided by the present application can effectively realize the rapid and efficient beam focusing in near-field region, to improve the performance of imaging detection, wireless communication in near-field region.The beam focusing method in the present application realizes the automatic focusing of near-field region transmitting beam or receiving beam to specified distance by focusing phase weighting;The beam scanning method in the present application realizes the automatic focusing of transmitting beam or receiving beam to the angle direction of setting by scanning phase weighting.The method has the advantages of good beam focusing effect, low operation amount, small mutual interference and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of imaging detection and wireless communication technology, specifically relating to a near-field beamforming method, communication method, device, base station, system, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional beamforming methods are mainly applicable to far-field beamforming, which can form an effective antenna beam in the far-field region. However, when the target to be detected or communicated is located in the near-field region of the antenna, traditional far-field beamforming methods fail. Although the beam focusing in the near-field region can be achieved by using the in-phase superposition method based on the distance from the target to the antenna element, the computational load is large and the focusing effect is poor.

[0003] In fields such as microwave imaging, the inventors have developed related rapid imaging technologies, such as a rapid imaging method applicable to both passive and active imaging (Chinese Patent Application No.: 202111123446X) and a rapid imaging method for a semi-holographic array (Chinese Patent Application No.: 202210572821.7). These inventions have proposed focusing phase-weighted techniques and scanning phase-weighted techniques. Specifically, focusing phase-weighted techniques are used to achieve rapid imaging and detection of the target based on the received array signal; scanning phase-weighted techniques are used to change the central viewing angle of the imaging system. However, we have found that these methods are not suitable for forming focused and scanning transmit or digital receive beams in the near-field region in many application scenarios. Therefore, to solve the beam focusing problem in the near-field region, it is necessary to develop a fast and efficient near-field beam focusing and scanning method, and to utilize this method for imaging detection or communication, further improving the overall performance of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies in existing technologies, this invention proposes a novel near-field beamforming method. This method can rapidly and efficiently form focused and scanning transmit or receive beams in the near-field region, thereby solving problems related to near-field detection and communication in fields such as imaging detection and wireless communication.

[0005] In this invention, we studied the phase weighting method for beamforming based on virtual lens imaging technology. The phase weighting is decomposed into focusing phase weighting and scanning phase weighting, thereby separating beam focusing and beam scanning. The focusing phase weighting coefficient and scanning phase weighting coefficient are solved independently according to their respective requirements, thus realizing beam focusing and beam scanning in the near field region and solving the problem of beam focusing and beam scanning in the near field region.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a near-field region beamforming method, comprising:

[0007] Step 1: Determine the location of the beam focal point and obtain its distance and angular coordinate parameters;

[0008] Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficient and the scanning phase weighting coefficient;

[0009] Step 3: Phase shift or phase weighting is applied to the array units to form the corresponding beam.

[0010] Furthermore, in the near-field region beamforming method of the present invention, for curved surface arrays, the beamforming method performs additional phase compensation on the curved surface to form a corresponding beam.

[0011] Furthermore, in the near-field region beamforming method of the present invention, the beamforming method performs ultra-close-range correction on the focusing phase weighting coefficient, thereby forming an ultra-close-range beam.

[0012] Furthermore, in the near-field region beamforming method of the present invention:

[0013] Step 1: Determine the location of the beam focus point and obtain its distance and angular coordinate parameters, including:

[0014] Establish an array coordinate system with the array center as the origin and the array normal direction as the z-direction. Calculate the distance from the desired beam focus point to the array center based on its position coordinates.

[0015]

[0016] Where R is the distance from the beam focus point to the array center, and (x0, y0, z0) are the coordinates of the beam focus point;

[0017] Calculate the horizontal and vertical angular coordinates based on the beam focus point coordinates:

[0018]

[0019] Where, θ x θ y These are the angular coordinates of the beam focal point in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, denoted by tan. -1 Represents the arctangent function;

[0020] Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficients and the scanning phase weighting coefficients, including:

[0021] Calculation of focusing phase weighting coefficients based on virtual lens imaging technology:

[0022]

[0023] Where, φ F To focus on the phase weighting coefficients, η is the wave number, π is pi, λ is the wavelength, and (x, y) are the coordinates of the array element; x η y These are the array attribute parameters for the x and y directions, respectively. If array elements in a certain direction simultaneously transmit and receive target signals, then the corresponding η in that direction is selected. x or η y The value is 1. If the array elements in a certain direction of the array sequentially transmit and receive the target signal, then the η corresponding to that direction is selected. x or η y The value is 2;

[0024] According to array antenna theory, the array is illuminated by an equivalent plane wave source after the radiation pattern is discretized by the image transformation. The resulting complex field distribution of the array surface is used as the amplitude or phase weighting value to form the original radiation pattern, and thus the scanning phase weighting coefficient is obtained as follows:

[0025] φ s =-η x kxsinθ x -η y kysinθ y ;

[0026] Where, φ s The scanning phase weighting coefficients are represented by the symbol sin, which denotes the sine function.

[0027] Step 3: Phase shifting or phase weighting of the array elements to form the corresponding beam, including:

[0028] If the initial phases of the array elements are different, the influence of the initial phases must also be considered during beamforming.

[0029] ψ=-φ0+φ F +φ S ;

[0030] Where ψ is the final obtained array cell phase weighting coefficient, and φ0 is the initial phase of the array cell;

[0031] When beamforming is performed using finite-precision phase-shifting technology, the actual phase weighting value can be obtained by discretizing the phase weighting coefficient ψ. By controlling the phase shift value of the array unit, the corresponding beam can be formed.

[0032] When using digital beamforming technology to form a beam, it is only necessary to perform complex weighting processing on the signal using the aforementioned phase weighting coefficients ψ to obtain the desired beam:

[0033] s = [s0]·[e jψ ];

[0034] Where s is the digital beamforming signal, s0 represents the array element signal, and the symbol [s0] represents the matrix composed of elements s0, [e jψ ] indicates that the element e jψ The matrix formed is e, where e is Euler's constant and j is the imaginary unit. The symbol "·" represents matrix dot product.

[0035] Secondly, the present invention provides a communication method, including a first base station:

[0036] The first base station receives transmitted signals from other base stations or terminals and obtains the angle coordinates, distance information, communication information, and positioning information of other base stations or terminals;

[0037] The first base station uses the aforementioned near-field beamforming method to form one or more transmit beams based on the distance information and angular coordinates of other base stations or terminals to communicate with the corresponding other base stations or terminals.

[0038] Furthermore, in the above communication method, the first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals, and when forming a transmission beam, it simultaneously forms multiple transmission beams to communicate with other base stations or terminals.

[0039] Furthermore, in the above communication method, when the first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals, it uses signal directional synthesis technology to send specific signals to specific other base stations or terminals when forming a transmission beam.

[0040] Thirdly, the present invention provides a near-field beamforming apparatus, the apparatus comprising a processor, a programmable device, a memory, and a communication interface; wherein the memory and the programmable device store one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising computer-executable instructions; when the apparatus is in operation, the processor and the programmable device execute the stored executable instructions to cause the apparatus to perform the steps of any of the above methods or a combination thereof.

[0041] Fourthly, the present invention provides a base station, including a signal processing module and a transceiver module, wherein:

[0042] The signal processing module is used to process received signals from other base stations or terminals, and to detect and demodulate signals from other base stations or terminals;

[0043] The transceiver module is used to receive transmitted signals from other base stations or terminals, and to form a spatial multi-beam transmitted signal for communication with other base stations or terminals;

[0044] The base station communicates with other base stations or terminals using any of the methods described above or a combination thereof.

[0045] Fifthly, the present invention provides a communication system, comprising:

[0046] The base station, as described above, is used to communicate with other base stations or terminals;

[0047] A terminal for communicating with the base station.

[0048] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of any of the above methods or a combination thereof.

[0049] In summary, the near-field beamforming method and apparatus provided by this invention can effectively achieve rapid and efficient beam focusing in the near-field region, thereby improving the performance of imaging detection and wireless communication in the near-field region. Specifically, the beam focusing method proposed in this invention, through focusing phase weighting, enables the automatic focusing of the transmitted or received beam to a specified distance in the near-field region; the beam scanning method proposed in this invention, through scanning phase weighting, enables the automatically focused transmitted or received beam to be pointed towards a set angular direction. This solves the technical problem that existing virtual lens imaging technologies cannot form beams in the near-field region. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a beamforming method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0052] Figure 2 The following diagrams illustrate the simulation results of a beamforming method according to an embodiment of this application. The left diagram shows the result of a conventional beamforming method, while the right diagram shows the result of beamforming according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 The following are simulation results of a beamforming method provided in this application embodiment when the beam focusing point is close to the center of the array. The left figure shows the result before the correction of this invention, and the right figure shows the result after the correction of this invention.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0055] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. This invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this invention.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, the term "beamforming" includes transmit beamforming and receive beamforming; the term "base station" includes, but is not limited to, base stations, nodes, access points, macro stations, micro stations, small stations, high-frequency stations, low-frequency stations, relay stations, mobile stations, etc.; the term "terminal" includes, but is not limited to, mobile stations, fixed or mobile user units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants, computers, or other types of user equipment that can operate in a wireless environment; and the term "system" includes, but is not limited to, a communication system composed of multiple terminals and base stations.

[0058] At the same time, it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it should also be understood that the terminology used in the embodiments of the present invention is for describing specific embodiments and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] Example 1: A near-field region beamforming method

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, this method includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Determine the location of the beam focal point and obtain its distance and angular coordinate parameters:

[0062] Establish an array coordinate system with the array center as the origin and the array normal direction as the z-direction. Calculate the distance from the desired beam focus point to the array center based on its position coordinates.

[0063]

[0064] Where R is the distance from the beam focus point to the array center, and (x0, y0, z0) are the coordinates of the beam focus point;

[0065] Calculate the horizontal and vertical angular coordinates based on the beam focus point coordinates:

[0066]

[0067] Where, θ x θ y These are the angular coordinates of the beam focal point in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, denoted by tan.-1 This represents the arctangent function.

[0068] Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficient and the scanning phase weighting coefficient:

[0069] Calculation of focusing phase weighting coefficients based on virtual lens imaging technology:

[0070]

[0071] Where, φ F To focus on the phase weighting coefficients, η is the wave number, π is pi, λ is the wavelength, and (x, y) are the coordinates of the array element; x η y These are the array attribute parameters for the x and y directions, respectively. If array elements in a certain direction simultaneously transmit and receive target signals, then the corresponding η in that direction is selected. y or η y The value is 1. If the array elements in a certain direction of the array sequentially transmit and receive the target signal, then the η corresponding to that direction is selected. x or η y The value is 2.

[0072] Optionally, when the beam focal point is close to the array center, that is, when the distance between the beam focal point and the array aperture is comparable to or less than the array aperture, the focusing effect will deteriorate. Therefore, it is necessary to perform ultra-close distance correction on the focusing phase weighting coefficient to improve the focusing effect.

[0073] When performing ultra-close-range correction, the calculation results of the focusing phase weighting coefficients can be directly corrected:

[0074]

[0075] A simplified formula can also be used for direct correction: or

[0076] For ultra-close-range correction, the self-focusing phase weighting coefficient can also be indirectly corrected through parameter compensation:

[0077] Alternatively, indirect correction can be achieved by compensating for the calculation parameter R:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] Alternatively, indirect correction can be achieved by compensating for the calculation parameters x and y:

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Alternatively, indirect correction can be achieved by compensating for the power exponents of the calculation parameters x and y:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] Optionally, when η x =η y When η = 1, the distance from the array element to the array center can also be used as a calculation parameter, and this parameter can be compensated to achieve indirect correction: or

[0087] in, η is the array attribute parameter;

[0088] In the above formulas, These are the corrected self-focusing phase weighting coefficients; The coordinate parameters of the compensated array elements; ζ x ζ y The exponents of the compensated parameters x and y are α and β, respectively. The correction parameters α and β can be determined by experimental testing and verification using an imaging model. The imaging model is placed at different distances, and the self-focusing phase weighting coefficient with the best imaging effect is determined by adjusting and optimizing the correction parameters α and β. This further determines the correction parameters for targets at different distances.

[0089] According to array antenna theory, the array is illuminated by an equivalent plane wave source after the radiation pattern is discretized by mirror transformation. The resulting complex field distribution on the array surface is used as the amplitude / phase weighting value to form the original radiation pattern. The scanning phase weighting coefficients can then be obtained as follows:

[0090] φ s =-η x kxsinθ x -η y ky sinθ y ;

[0091] Where, φ S The scanning phase weighting coefficients are represented by the symbol sin, which denotes the sine function.

[0092] Step 3: Phase shifting or phase weighting of the array elements to form the corresponding beam:

[0093] If the initial phases of the array elements are different, the influence of the initial phases must also be considered during beamforming.

[0094] ψ=-φ0+φ F +φ S ;

[0095] Where ψ is the final obtained array cell phase weighting coefficient, and φ0 is the initial phase of the array cell;

[0096] Optionally, when the array is a cylindrical, spherical, or other curved surface array, additional phase compensation is required to form the desired beam. The additional phase compensation coefficient is:

[0097] φ c =-η z kz'

[0098] Where, φ c Add phase compensation coefficients to the surface; z is the coordinate of the array element in the z-direction; parameter η z The value depends on the system properties of the array; specifically, for passive systems, semi-active systems, and conventional phased array systems, the choice of η... z =1, Active holographic system, synthetic aperture radar system select η z =2;

[0099] The final phase weighting coefficients are:

[0100] ψ=-φ0+φ F +φ S +φ C ;

[0101] For arrays with identical initial phases of their elements, φ0 can be set to 0; for planar arrays, φ can be set to... C =0;

[0102] When beamforming is performed using finite-precision phase-shifting technology, the actual phase weighting value can be obtained by discretizing the phase weighting coefficient ψ. By controlling the phase shift value of the array unit, the corresponding beam can be formed.

[0103] When using digital beamforming technology to form a beam, it is only necessary to perform complex weighting processing on the signal using the aforementioned phase weighting coefficients ψ to obtain the desired beam:

[0104] s = [s0]·[e jψ ];

[0105] Where s is the digital beamforming signal, s0 represents the array element signal, and the symbol [s0] represents the matrix composed of elements s0, [e jψ ] indicates that the element e jψ The matrix formed is e, where e is Euler's constant and j is the imaginary unit. The symbol "·" represents matrix dot product.

[0106] The beamforming method of this embodiment was experimentally verified: frequency 10 GHz, array element spacing half wavelength, array size 50×50, η x =η y =1, the beam focus point deviates from the array normal direction by 10° and is 1.88m away from the array center. Using traditional beamforming methods, it is impossible to form a focused beam at the beam focus point, resulting in a weak signal at that point. Figure 2 As shown in the left-middle figure; using the method of this invention, a focused beam can be formed at the beam focal point, generating a strong signal at the focal point, such as... Figure 2 As shown in the middle right figure.

[0107] The beamforming method of this embodiment when the beam focusing point is close to the array center was experimentally verified: the beam focusing point was 0.25m from the array center. The focusing phase weighting coefficient was indirectly corrected by compensating for the distance. The correction parameter α was set to 1.2, and other conditions remained unchanged. The beam focusing effect before and after correction is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. The beam focus point formed before correction deviated from the expected position, as... Figure 3 As shown in the middle left figure; the beam focus point formed after correction is consistent with the expected position, as shown in the figure below. Figure 3 As shown in the middle right figure.

[0108] Example 2: A communication method

[0109] like Figure 4 As shown, the first base station receives the transmitted signals from other base stations or terminals and obtains the angle coordinates, distance information, communication information, and positioning information of other base stations or terminals;

[0110] The first base station calculates the distance parameters and angle coordinate parameters from other base stations or terminals to the first base station based on the distance information and angle coordinates of other base stations or terminals.

[0111] Using the locations of other base stations or terminals as beam focusing points, the first base station forms a transmission beam using the method described in Example 1 to communicate with the corresponding other base stations or terminals.

[0112] Optionally, the first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals. When forming a transmission beam, multiple transmission beams can be formed simultaneously to communicate with other base stations or terminals.

[0113] The equivalent complex aperture field at the array aperture corresponding to the i-th transmitted beam is:

[0114]

[0115] Among them, E i Let σ be the equivalent complex aperture field at the array aperture corresponding to the i-th transmitted beam.i Let ψ be the signal strength corresponding to the i-th transmitted beam. i For the phase weighting coefficient of the array corresponding to the i-th transmitted beam;

[0116] When multiple transmit beams are formed simultaneously, the equivalent complex aperture total field at the array aperture is:

[0117]

[0118] Where E is the equivalent complex aperture total field at the array aperture, and the symbol Σ represents the summation operation;

[0119] Furthermore, the amplitude and phase weighting coefficients of the array are:

[0120]

[0121] Where A is the amplitude weighting coefficient of the array. These are the phase weighting coefficients for the array. The symbol "||" indicates the absolute value operation, and the symbol "angle" indicates the argument operation.

[0122] Optionally, when the first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals, it uses signal directional synthesis technology to send specific signals to specific other base stations or terminals when forming a transmission beam.

[0123] First, a reference signal is generated to be sent to other base stations or terminals:

[0124]

[0125] Among them, s i s is the reference signal to be sent to the i-th other base station or terminal. 0i f is a complex signal envelope containing communication information. i Where t is the carrier frequency and t is time;

[0126] Signal strength is σ i The equivalent complex aperture field at the aperture of the antenna array where the i-th equivalent incident plane wave arrives is:

[0127]

[0128] The equivalent complex aperture field data is used to modulate the reference signal to be transmitted. The signal to be transmitted to the i-th other base station or terminal is:

[0129]

[0130] For all signals to be transmitted to other different base stations or terminals By summing the results, we can obtain the final signal s to be transmitted from each unit:

[0131]

[0132] By employing signal directional synthesis technology to generate multi-beam transmission, each beam has a different energy level and contains only the signal energy related to the object to be communicated, thus further improving energy utilization, greatly reducing base station energy consumption and minimizing interference to other base stations or terminals.

[0133] Example 3: A device

[0134] The device has the following structure: Figure 5 As shown, the device includes a processor, a programmable device, a memory, and a communication interface; wherein the memory is used to store one or more programs containing computer-executable instructions; when the device is running, the processor and the programmable device execute the stored executable instructions to cause the device to perform the method in Embodiment 1 or 2 or a combination thereof.

[0135] Example 4: A base station

[0136] The base station communicates with other base stations or terminals using the method in Embodiment 1 or 2, or a combination thereof;

[0137] The base station includes a signal processing module and a transceiver module:

[0138] The signal processing module is used to process received signals from other base stations or terminals, and to detect and demodulate signals from other base stations or terminals.

[0139] The transceiver module is used to receive transmitted signals from other base stations or terminals and form a spatial multi-beam transmission signal for communication with other base stations or terminals.

[0140] Example 5: A communication system

[0141] The communication system includes a base station and a terminal:

[0142] The base station, as described in Example 4, is used for communication with other base stations or terminals;

[0143] A terminal for communicating with the base station.

[0144] Example 6: A computer-readable storage medium

[0145] The computer-readable storage medium stores executable instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of embodiment 1 or 2, or a combination thereof.

[0146] It should be noted that the methods described in Embodiments 1 and 2 above can be used individually or in combination, and such combined use is also covered within the protection scope of this invention.

[0147] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus necessary hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the above embodiments can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (including optical disc, USB flash drive, EPROM, hard disk, etc.), including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or embedded device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0148] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only used to illustrate the basic technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above content, any person skilled in the art can modify, improve or appropriately delete the foregoing technical solution, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, and such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A near-field region beamforming method, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Determine the location of the beam focal point and obtain its distance and angular coordinate parameters; Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficients and perform ultra-close-range correction. Calculate the scanning phase weighting coefficients, including: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficients: ； in, To focus on the phase weighting coefficients, For wave number, Pi Where (x, y) is the wavelength, and (x, y) is the array cell coordinate. The distance from the target to the center of the array. , These are the array attribute parameters for the x and y directions, respectively. If array elements in a certain direction simultaneously transmit and receive target signals, then the element corresponding to that direction is selected. or The value is 1. If array elements in a certain direction of the array sequentially transmit and receive target signals, then the corresponding element in that direction is selected. or The value is 2; For ultra-close-range imaging, the original focusing phase weighting coefficients are directly corrected: ； in, , To correct the parameters, These are the corrected focusing phase weighting coefficients; when In this case, the distance from the array element to the array center is used as a parameter for indirect correction of the focusing phase weighting coefficients: or ; in, ; Step 3: Phase shift or phase weighting is applied to the array units to form the corresponding beam.

2. The beamforming method according to claim 1, characterized in that, For curved surface arrays, the beamforming method performs additional phase compensation on the curved surface to form the corresponding beam; The additional phase compensation coefficient for the curved surface is: ； in, Add phase compensation coefficients to the curved surface. Let Z be the coordinate of the array element in the z-direction, and let the parameters be... The value depends on the system properties of the array. For passive systems, semi-active systems, and conventional phased array systems, the selection... =1, for active holographic systems and synthetic aperture radar systems, select =2.

3. The beamforming method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1: Determine the location of the beam focus point and obtain its distance and angular coordinate parameters, including: Establish an array coordinate system with the array center as the origin and the array normal direction as the z-direction. Calculate the distance from the desired beam focus point to the array center based on its position coordinates. ； Where (x0, y0, z0) are the coordinates of the beam focal point; Calculate the horizontal and vertical angular coordinates based on the beam focus point coordinates: ； in, , These are the angular coordinates of the beam focal point in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, with symbols... Represents the arctangent function; Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficients and the scanning phase weighting coefficients, including: According to array antenna theory, the array is illuminated by an equivalent plane wave source after the radiation pattern is discretized by the image transformation. The resulting complex field distribution of the array surface is used as the amplitude or phase weighting value to form the original radiation pattern, and thus the scanning phase weighting coefficient is obtained as follows: ； in, For the scanning phase weighting coefficients, the sign is... Represents the sine function; Step 3: Phase shifting or phase weighting of the array elements to form the corresponding beam, including: If the initial phases of the array elements are different, the influence of the initial phases must also be considered during beamforming. ； in, The phase weighting coefficients for the final array elements are obtained. The initial phase of the array element; When beamforming is performed using phase-shifting technology with finite precision, the aforementioned phase weighting coefficients... Discretization yields the actual phase weighting value, and by controlling the phase shift value of the array unit, the corresponding beam can be formed. When using digital beamforming technology to form a beam, only the aforementioned phase weighting coefficients are needed. The desired beam can be obtained by performing complex weighting processing on the signal. ； in, For digital beamforming signals, Indicates array cell signal, symbol Indicates that the element The matrix formed Indicates that the element The matrix formed, where e is Euler's constant, j is the imaginary unit, and the symbol is " " indicates matrix dot product operation.

4. A near-field region beamforming method, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Determine the location of the beam focal point and obtain its distance and angular coordinate parameters; Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficients and perform ultra-close-range correction. Calculate the scanning phase weighting coefficients, including: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficients: ； in, To focus on the phase weighting coefficients, For wave number, Pi Where (x, y) is the wavelength, and (x, y) is the array cell coordinate. The distance from the target to the center of the array. , These are the array attribute parameters for the x and y directions, respectively. If array elements in a certain direction simultaneously transmit and receive target signals, then the element corresponding to that direction is selected. or The value is 1. If array elements in a certain direction of the array sequentially transmit and receive target signals, then the corresponding element in that direction is selected. or The value is 2; The focusing phase weighting coefficients are corrected for ultra-close-range beamforming, including: Indirect correction is achieved by compensating for the unit coordinate parameters x and y: ； ； Alternatively, indirect correction can be achieved by compensating for the power exponents of the unit coordinate parameters x and y: ； ； in, , To correct the parameters, These are the corrected focusing phase weighting coefficients; Step 3: Phase shift or phase weighting is applied to the array units to form the corresponding beam.

5. A communication method, characterized in that, Including the first base station: The first base station receives transmitted signals from other base stations or terminals and obtains the angle coordinates, distance information, communication information, and positioning information of other base stations or terminals; The first base station uses the distance information and angular coordinates of other base stations or terminals to form one or more transmission beams and communicate with the corresponding other base stations or terminals using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that, include: The first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals. When forming a transmission beam, it simultaneously forms multiple transmission beams to communicate with other base stations or terminals.

7. The communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that, include: The first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals. When forming a transmission beam, it uses signal directional synthesis technology to send a specific signal to a specific other base station or terminal.

8. An apparatus, characterized in that, include: The device includes a processor, a programmable device, a memory, and a communication interface; wherein the memory stores one or more programs containing computer-executable instructions; when the device is in operation, the processor and the programmable device execute the stored computer-executable instructions to cause the device to perform the method or a combination thereof as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

9. A base station, characterized in that, The base station includes a signal processing module and a transceiver module, wherein: The signal processing module is used to process received signals from other base stations or terminals, and to detect and demodulate signals from other base stations or terminals; The transceiver module is used to receive transmitted signals from other base stations or terminals, and to form a spatial multi-beam transmitted signal for communication with other base stations or terminals; The base station communicates with other base stations or terminals using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4 or a combination thereof.

10. A communication system, characterized in that, include: The base station, as described in claim 9, is used for communicating with other base stations or terminals; A terminal for communicating with the base station.

11. A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, include: When the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer performs the steps of the method or a combination thereof as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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