A wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

A wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The present invention relates to a wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The present invention aims to solve the problems of low damping performance of traditional aluminum-based composite materials and narrow effective temperature threshold and unstable modulus of single TiNi alloy high damping. The material consists of TiNi alloy particles and aluminum-containing materials. Method: 1. Pre-oxidation of TiNi alloy particles; 2. Densely paving the pre-oxidized TiNi alloy particles in a mold; 3. Cold pressing and preheating to prepare a preform; 4. Melting aluminum liquid; 5. Pressing the molten aluminum liquid into the preform, maintaining the pressure, and demolding to obtain a wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material. The total volume fraction of the reinforcing phase in the wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material is 50 to 75%, and it has excellent damping performance. The present invention is used in the field of aerospace vibration reduction and isolation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a wide-temperature-threshold high-damping aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for higher precision, longer service life and better comfort in various fields, vibration control has become an important research focus. At present, in order to address the impact of structural vibration of internal interference on sensitive optical loads on staring imaging satellites in complex space environments, the use of materials with high damping properties as vibration isolation devices is the mainstream form. The damping performance of traditional metal materials is inversely proportional to stiffness and mechanical properties. High strength and stiffness often lead to poor damping performance, which limits industrial applications. The new TiNi shape memory alloy has good damping performance and excellent mechanical properties, but due to its phase change characteristics with temperature changes, its damping and mechanical properties are difficult to maintain stable in the complex thermal environment of space. It is necessary to develop a metal-based composite material with high damping properties over a wide temperature range under the complex thermal environment of space.

[0003] The TiNip / Al composite material combines TiNi particles, which exhibit high damping properties due to phase transitions, with aluminum alloy. This overcomes the problem of a single TiNi alloy experiencing a significant decrease in elastic modulus during a temperature-dependent phase transition, making structural stability unreliable. Furthermore, its weight can be effectively reduced to meet the stringent lightweighting requirements of space applications. More importantly, the high damping of a single TiNi alloy undergoes a phase transition with temperature, but its damping performance is very low when it is in the austenite phase. By introducing an interface, the TiNip / Al composite material achieves excellent damping properties even when the TiNi alloy is in the austenite state at high temperatures, significantly expanding its application range and achieving high damping performance across a wide temperature range. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problems of low damping performance of traditional aluminum-based composite materials and narrow effective temperature threshold of high damping and unstable modulus of single TiNi alloy, and to provide a wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method.

[0005] A wide-temperature-threshold, high-damping aluminum-based composite material comprises TiNi alloy particles and an aluminum-containing material, wherein the aluminum-containing material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy; the TiNi alloy particles are pre-oxidized and used as a reinforcement, and the aluminum-containing material serves as a matrix; the packing density of the TiNi alloy particles is 45-60%; and the total volume fraction of the reinforcement phase in the wide-temperature-threshold, high-damping aluminum-based composite material is 50-75%.

[0006] The preparation method of the above-mentioned wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

[0007] 1. The TiNi alloy particles are evenly spread in a crucible and pre-oxidized in an oven under air; the oxidation temperature is 550-700°C and the oxidation time is 1-2 hours, so that the surface is covered with an oxide film to obtain pre-oxidized TiNi particles;

[0008] Second, the pre-oxidized TiNi particles are laid out in a steel mold to form a prefabricated powder layer at the bottom of the steel mold. The height of the prefabricated powder layer is determined according to the volume requirements of the high-damping and wide-temperature range TiNip / Al composite material;

[0009] 3. Compact the prefabricated powder layer to obtain the blank to be cold pressed;

[0010] 4. Cold-pressing the blank to be cold-pressed under a pressure of 5 to 150 MPa into a blank, then placing it together with the mold into an electric furnace and keeping it at a temperature of 500 to 700° C. for 2 to 6 hours to obtain a material preform;

[0011] 5. Smelting the aluminum-containing material at a temperature of 700-900° C. for 2-6 hours to obtain an aluminum-containing melt;

[0012] 6. Using pressure infiltration, the aluminum-containing melt is poured and pressure-infiltrated into the gaps of the material preform. After maintaining the pressure at a pressure of 30 to 250 MPa for 5 to 30 minutes, the mold is directly demolded to obtain a high-damping and wide-temperature-range TiNip / Al composite material; the volume fraction of the alloy particles in the high-damping and wide-temperature-range TiNip / Al composite material is 50 to 75%.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0014] The present invention compounds a TiNi alloy with phase change high damping characteristics and an aluminum-containing material. By introducing an interface, the advantages of both are fully utilized to prepare a lightweight metal-based composite material with high damping performance and stiffness stability within a wide temperature threshold, and a pre-oxidation treatment is used to form an oxide film on the surface of the TiNi alloy particles, thereby avoiding the reaction between the TiNi particles and the Al matrix during preparation to obtain a complete high-damping wide-temperature range TiNip / Al composite material; the damping performance of the TiNi particle-reinforced aluminum-based high-damping composite material prepared by the present invention comes from two parts, namely the intrinsic damping of the TiNi alloy and the interface damping of the composite material; at low temperatures, when the TiNi alloy is in the martensite stage, due to the presence of a large number of twin structures inside, during the vibration process, the martensite twin grain boundaries and the interface movement of some grains can effectively reduce The composite material has a weak vibration and high damping performance. When the phase transformation of the TiNi alloy particles in the enhanced phase increases with temperature, the internal structure changes from martensite to austenite. At this time, there will be a large number of martensite and austenite interfaces inside the TiNi alloy. On the one hand, these interfaces fully consume the vibration energy in the vibration system, thereby greatly improving the damping performance and showing a peak effect. On the other hand, the elastic modulus of the material is greatly reduced at the same time. Due to the constraint of the Al matrix, the elastic modulus of the composite material is more stable than that of a single TiNi alloy. As the temperature continues to change, when the reverse phase transformation of martensite is completed, the internal structure of the TiNi alloy is austenite. At this time, the intrinsic damping of the TiNi alloy is very low and is no different from that of ordinary metal materials. The composite material, with its advantage of introducing interface damping, can consume the energy during vibration and convert it into heat energy through interface micro-slip at high temperatures when the intrinsic damping of the TiNi alloy is very low, thereby improving the damping performance of the composite material, thereby achieving the characteristics of wide temperature threshold and high damping. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the damping performance curves of the wide-temperature-threshold high-damping aluminum-based composite material prepared in Example, a single TiNi alloy, and a traditional ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based composite material; wherein 1 represents the wide-temperature-threshold high-damping aluminum-based composite material prepared in Example, 2 represents the single TiNi alloy, and 3 represents the traditional ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based composite material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Specific embodiment 1: In this embodiment, a wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material is composed of TiNi alloy particles and an aluminum-containing material, wherein the aluminum-containing material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy; wherein the TiNi alloy particles are pre-oxidized and used as a reinforcement, and the aluminum-containing material serves as a matrix; the packing density of the TiNi alloy particles is 45-60%; the total volume fraction of the reinforcement phase in the wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material is 50-75%.

[0017] Specific embodiment 2: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 1 in that the packing density of the TiNi alloy particles is 50%. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment 1.

[0018] Specific embodiment three: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment one in that the relative atomic ratio of Ni in the TiNi alloy particles is 50.9%, the phase transition points are As: -14.3 to -19.8°C, Af: 7.8 to 12°C, Ms: -3.2 to -8.4°C, and Mf: -23.4 to -30.2°C; and the particle size of the TiNi alloy particles is 0.1 to 90 μm. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment one.

[0019] Specific embodiment 4: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 3 in that the particle size of the TiNi alloy particles is 0.1 to 50 μm. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment 3.

[0020] Specific embodiment 5: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 3 in that the particle size of the TiNi alloy particles is 50-90 μm. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment 3.

[0021] Specific embodiment 6: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 1 in that the oxidation layer product on the surface of the TiNi alloy particles after pre-oxidation is mainly TiO2, and the thickness of the oxidation layer is 0.7-2.1 μm. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment 1.

[0022] Specific embodiment 7: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 1 in that the aluminum alloy is a 1xxx series aluminum alloy, a 2xxx series aluminum alloy, a 3xxx series aluminum alloy, a 4xxx series aluminum alloy, a 5xxx series aluminum alloy, a 6xxx series aluminum alloy, or a 7xxx series aluminum alloy. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment 1.

[0023] Specific embodiment eight: In this embodiment, a method for preparing a wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material is specifically carried out in the following steps:

[0024] 1. The TiNi alloy particles are evenly spread in a crucible and pre-oxidized in an oven under air; the oxidation temperature is 550-700°C and the oxidation time is 1-2 hours, so that the surface is covered with an oxide film to obtain pre-oxidized TiNi particles;

[0025] Second, the pre-oxidized TiNi particles are laid out in a steel mold to form a prefabricated powder layer at the bottom of the steel mold. The height of the prefabricated powder layer is determined according to the volume requirements of the high-damping and wide-temperature range TiNip / Al composite material;

[0026] 3. Compact the prefabricated powder layer to obtain the blank to be cold pressed;

[0027] 4. Cold-pressing the blank to be cold-pressed under a pressure of 5 to 150 MPa into a blank, then placing it together with the mold into an electric furnace and keeping it at a temperature of 500 to 700° C. for 2 to 6 hours to obtain a material preform;

[0028] 5. Smelting the aluminum-containing material at a temperature of 700-900° C. for 2-6 hours to obtain an aluminum-containing melt;

[0029] 6. Using pressure infiltration, the aluminum-containing melt is poured and pressure-infiltrated into the gaps of the material preform. After maintaining the pressure at a pressure of 30 to 250 MPa for 5 to 30 minutes, the mold is directly demolded to obtain a high-damping and wide-temperature-range TiNip / Al composite material; the volume fraction of the alloy particles in the high-damping and wide-temperature-range TiNip / Al composite material is 50 to 75%.

[0030] Specific embodiment 9: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 8 in that the oxidation temperature in step 1 is 400-500° C. and the oxidation time is 1-2 hours. The rest is the same as specific embodiment 8.

[0031] Specific embodiment 10: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 8 in that the diameter of the steel mold in step 2 is 40-70 mm. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment 8.

[0032] Specific embodiment 11: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 8 in that in step 4, the blank to be cold-pressed is cold-pressed under a pressure of 15-35 MPa.

[0033] Specific embodiment 12: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 8 in that in step 5, the pressure is maintained at 200 MPa for 20 minutes before demoulding directly. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment 8.

[0034] The effect of the present invention is verified by the following experiments:

[0035] Example 1: A method for preparing a wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material is specifically carried out by the following steps:

[0036] 1. The TiNi alloy particles are evenly spread in a crucible and pre-oxidized in an oven under air; the oxidation temperature is 600°C and the oxidation time is 1 hour, so that the surface is covered with an oxide film to obtain pre-oxidized TiNi particles;

[0037] Second, the pre-oxidized TiNi particles are laid out in a steel mold to form a prefabricated powder layer at the bottom of the steel mold. The height of the prefabricated powder layer is determined according to the volume requirements of the high-damping and wide-temperature range TiNip / Al composite material;

[0038] 3. Compact the prefabricated powder layer to obtain the blank to be cold pressed;

[0039] 4. The blank to be cold-pressed is cold-pressed into a blank under a pressure of 10 MPa, and then placed together with the mold into an electric furnace and kept warm at a temperature of 650°C for 4 hours to obtain a material preform;

[0040] 5. Smelting the aluminum-containing material at a temperature of 700-900° C. for 4 hours to obtain an aluminum-containing melt;

[0041] 6. Pressure infiltration was used to pour and pressure-infiltrate aluminum-containing melt into the gaps of the material preform. After maintaining the pressure at 200 MPa for 20 minutes, the preform was directly demolded to obtain a high-damping and wide-temperature-range TiNip / Al composite material. The volume fraction of alloy particles in the high-damping and wide-temperature-range TiNip / Al composite material was 63%.

[0042] The wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum matrix composite material (63% TiNi p / 1060Al composite material) with an overall density of 5.084 g / cm 3 , 22mm thick. Its bending strength reaches 300MPa. Damping performance testing shows a peak effect in tanθ with temperature, ranging from approximately 0.018 in the martensitic state to a peak of 0.068. At high temperatures, the TiNi alloy still has a damping value of approximately 0.014 when in the austenitic state. At a frequency of 60Hz, a vibration device with a resultant force of 1N was used to test the high-damping composite material for vibration reduction. Due to the high-damping composite material's loss of energy in the vibration system, the output resultant force F was reduced to 0.2N, achieving excellent vibration reduction and isolation effects.

Claims

1. A wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum matrix composite material, characterized in that A wide-temperature-threshold, high-damping aluminum-based composite material comprises TiNi alloy particles and an aluminum-containing material, wherein the aluminum-containing material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy; the TiNi alloy particles are pre-oxidized to serve as reinforcement, and the aluminum-containing material serves as a matrix; the packing density of the TiNi alloy particles is 45-60%; the total volume fraction of the reinforcement phase in the wide-temperature-threshold, high-damping aluminum-based composite material is 50-75%; the relative atomic ratio of Ni in the TiNi alloy particles is 50.9%, the phase transition points are As: -14.3--19.8°C, Af: 7.8-12°C, Ms: -3.2--8.4°C, and Mf: -23.4--30.2°C; the particle size of the TiNi alloy particles is 50-90 μm; and after the pre-oxidation treatment, the surface oxidation layer of the TiNi alloy particles is mainly TiO2, and the thickness of the oxidation layer is 0.7-2.1 μm. The preparation method of the wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

1. The TiNi alloy particles are evenly spread in a crucible and pre-oxidized in an oven under air; the oxidation temperature is 550-700°C and the oxidation time is 1-2 hours, so that the surface is covered with an oxide film to obtain pre-oxidized TiNi particles; Second, the pre-oxidized TiNi particles are laid out in a steel mold to form a prefabricated powder layer at the bottom of the steel mold. The height of the prefabricated powder layer is determined according to the volume requirements of the high-damping and wide-temperature range TiNip / Al composite material; 3. Compact the prefabricated powder layer to obtain the blank to be cold pressed; 4. Cold-pressing the blank to be cold-pressed under a pressure of 5 to 150 MPa into a blank, then placing it together with the mold into an electric furnace and keeping it at a temperature of 500 to 700° C. for 2 to 6 hours to obtain a material preform; 5. Smelting the aluminum-containing material at a temperature of 700-900° C. for 2-6 hours to obtain an aluminum-containing melt; 6. The aluminum-containing melt is poured and pressure-infiltrated into the gaps of the material preform by pressure infiltration. The mold is directly demolded after maintaining the pressure for 5 to 30 minutes under a pressure of 30 to 250 MPa to obtain a high-damping and wide-temperature range TiNip / Al composite material.

2. The wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that The aluminum alloy is a 1xxx series aluminum alloy, a 2xxx series aluminum alloy, a 3xxx series aluminum alloy, a 4xxx series aluminum alloy, a 5xxx series aluminum alloy, a 6xxx series aluminum alloy or a 7xxx series aluminum alloy.

3. The wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 1, the oxidation temperature is 400-500° C., and the oxidation time is 1-2 hours.

4. The wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that The diameter of the steel mold in step 2 is 40 to 70 mm.

5. The wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 4, the blank to be cold pressed is cold pressed into a blank under a pressure of 15 to 35 MPa.

6. The wide temperature threshold high damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 5, the mold is directly demoulded after maintaining the pressure at 200 MPa for 20 minutes.

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