A multi-level and multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device

Abstract

A multi-level, multi-dimensional, combined anti-climbing energy absorption device comprises an energy absorption device mounting plate, an anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, and a thin-walled tube therebetween. A plurality of main guide rods are further provided between the energy absorption device mounting plate and the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate. The device also comprises a cutting sleeve and a guide tube, wherein the inner diameter of the cutting sleeve is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide tube, and the outer diameter of the cutting sleeve is consistent with the outer diameter of the guide tube. The radial outer side surface of the first open end of the cutting sleeve is provided with an upper step structure, and the radial inner side surface of the first open end is provided with a guide portion extending axially into the guide tube. The second open end of the guide tube is provided with a cutting tool for cutting the upper step structure, and the radial inner side surface of the second open end is provided with a guide slope for guiding the guide portion to move into the guide tube. An axially compressible high-pressure airbag is installed in the guide tube. The cutting sleeve is provided with a multi-level, axially collapsible material layer. The present invention can achieve multi-level, multi-dimensional longitudinal energy absorption and anti-climbing and anti-deflection effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of rail transit safety protection, and specifically relates to a multi-level and multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device. Background Art

[0002] Currently, energy-absorbing anti-climbers are widely used in rail transit. They prevent train climbing and provide energy buffering. When a rail vehicle collides, the energy-absorbing anti-climber provides greater survival space for drivers and passengers, significantly reducing the damage caused by the collision. Existing energy-absorbing anti-climbers are primarily categorized by their mechanism of action: cutting, crushing, and expansion. Crush-type energy-absorbing structures rely on plastic deformation to absorb energy during a collision, but due to their large size and limited energy-absorbing travel, they absorb less energy. Cutting-type energy-absorbing devices absorb energy by converting collision kinetic energy into work and heat, improving energy absorption efficiency. However, due to the high initial impact load, the cutting force is difficult to control, and the impact of the travel path makes them less effective for driver and passenger safety, requiring further improvement. Expansion-type energy-absorbing devices dissipate energy by impacting an expansion head into an energy-absorbing tube, causing it to deform. However, the expansion head and tube are prone to viscous effects, making energy absorption through a bulging structure inefficient, potentially detrimental to passenger safety. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-level and multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device, which combines metal crushing deformation, honeycomb crushing energy absorption, cutting energy absorption, shrinkage energy absorption and high-pressure airbag buffering energy absorption, has a good energy absorption effect and can achieve multi-level and multi-dimensional longitudinal energy absorption and anti-climbing and anti-deviation effects.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multi-level and multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device, comprising an energy absorption device mounting plate, an anti-climbing tooth mounting plate and a thin-walled tube, the two ends of the thin-walled tube are respectively connected to the energy absorption device mounting plate and the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, and a plurality of main guide rods are further provided between the energy absorption device mounting plate and the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, and the main guide rods are perpendicular to the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate;

[0005] The invention also includes: a cutting sleeve and a guide tube arranged axially parallel to the main guide rod, the cutting sleeve and the guide tube being coaxially arranged, the inner diameter of the cutting sleeve being smaller than the inner diameter of the guide tube, and the outer diameter of the cutting sleeve being consistent with the outer diameter of the guide tube; one end of the cutting sleeve is connected to the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, and the other end is a first open end, the radial outer side surface of the first open end is provided with an upper step structure, and the radial inner side of the first open end is provided with a guide portion extending axially into the guide tube;

[0006] One end of the guide tube is connected to the energy absorbing device mounting plate, and the other end is a second open end. A cutting tool for cutting the upper step structure is provided on the end surface of the second open end, and a guiding inclined surface is provided on the radial inner side of the second open end for guiding the guide portion to move into the guide tube;

[0007] A high-pressure airbag capable of being compressed in the axial direction is installed in the guide tube;

[0008] A multi-stage crushing material layer capable of collapsing in the axial direction is installed in the cutting sleeve.

[0009] One end of the main guide rod is a fixed end, and the other end is an adjustable end. The fixed end is fixedly connected to the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, and the adjustable end is configured as a threaded section, which passes through the energy absorption device mounting plate and is connected to the main guide rod nut.

[0010] A baffle is provided between the high-pressure airbag and the multi-stage crushing material layer, and a plurality of auxiliary guide rods parallel to the main guide rod are provided between the baffle and the energy absorbing device mounting plate.

[0011] One end of the auxiliary guide rod is a fixed end, and the other end is an adjustable end. The fixed end is fixedly connected to the baffle, and the adjustable end is configured as a threaded section. The threaded section passes through the energy absorption device mounting plate and is matched with the auxiliary guide rod nut.

[0012] A buffer rubber is provided between the auxiliary guide rod nut and the energy absorbing device mounting plate.

[0013] Rubber pads are provided between the two ends of the high-pressure airbag and the baffle and the energy absorption device mounting plate.

[0014] The air inlet end of the high-pressure airbag is provided with an air release channel and an emergency air release valve.

[0015] An air intake channel is provided in the energy absorption device mounting plate, one end of the air intake channel is connected to the air inlet of the high-pressure airbag, and an air intake valve is installed at the other end.

[0016] The yield strength of the multi-stage crushing material layer gradually increases along the crushing direction.

[0017] The multi-level crushing material layer includes level 1 crushing material, level 2 crushing material, level 3 crushing material...n-level crushing material arranged in sequence along the axial direction, n≥2, and a partition is arranged between adjacent crushing materials; the crushing material is honeycomb aluminum or foam aluminum.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: under the action of an external force in the axial direction, the present invention sequentially moves the cutting sleeve axially into the guide tube, the multi-stage crushing material layer is gradually compressed, and the high-pressure airbag is axially compressed, thereby gradually and multiple times deforming to absorb the energy generated by the external force, thereby reducing damage to the train caused by collision. The present invention combines metal crushing deformation, multi-stage crushing material crushing energy absorption, cutting energy absorption, shrinkage energy absorption, and high-pressure airbag buffering energy absorption. In particular, while the cutting sleeve is being cut, it undergoes radial diameter reduction deformation, which can increase the absorption of collision energy. The combination of the present invention is simple and easy to use, has a good energy absorption effect, and can achieve multi-level and multi-dimensional longitudinal energy absorption.

[0019] The arrangement of the anti-climbing teeth and the primary and secondary guide rods of the present invention can further play an anti-climbing and anti-deflection role.

[0020] During the cutting energy absorption process of the device of the present invention, the cutting sleeve, under the guidance of the guide bevel, axially enters the guide tube and can also undergo shrinkage deformation with a smaller diameter to absorb energy. In this process, the guide tube can also provide guidance for the cutting sleeve, and the diameter of the guide tube does not change, which can ensure the stability of the cutting tool and avoid radial deviation thereof that affects the cutting of the cutting sleeve.

[0021] The step surface of the step structure on the radial outer side of the first open end of the cutting sleeve of the device of the present invention serves as the cutting starting surface. The right-angle position of the step structure contacts the cutting edge of the cutting tool, which can avoid the tool from slipping when starting cutting, thereby ensuring the cutting energy absorption effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A local enlarged view of point A in FIG;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a meshing state on a train body;

[0025] Markings in the figure: 1. Energy absorption device mounting plate, 2. Thin-walled tube, 3. Main guide rod, 4. Anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, 5. Anti-climbing tooth, 6. Level 1 honeycomb aluminum, 7. Partition, 8. Cutting sleeve, 801, Guide part, 9. Level 2 honeycomb aluminum, 10. Level 3 honeycomb aluminum, 11. Cutting tool, 12. Baffle, 13. Guide tube, 14. Auxiliary guide rod, 15. High-pressure airbag, 16. Air inlet, 17. Inlet valve, 18. Inlet channel, 19. Main guide rod nut, 20. Auxiliary guide rod nut, 21. Emergency relief valve, 22. Discharge channel, 23. Buffer rubber, 24. Rubber pad, 25. Mounting hole, 26. Mounting seat, 27. Vehicle body A, 28. Vehicle body B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this does not constitute any limitation to the invention. Figure 1 The orientation shown is not the orientation of the present invention when in use.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-stage and multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device includes an energy absorption device mounting plate 1, a thin-walled tube 2, an anti-climbing tooth mounting plate 4, anti-climbing teeth 5, a cutting sleeve 8, a cutting tool 11, honeycomb aluminum, a guide tube 13, a high-pressure airbag 15 and a guide rod, the honeycomb aluminum includes level 1 honeycomb aluminum 6, level 2 honeycomb aluminum 9 and level 3 honeycomb aluminum 10, and the guide rod includes a main guide rod 3 and a secondary guide rod 14.

[0028] like Figure 1 、 2As shown, the energy absorbing device mounting plate 1 is provided with a mounting hole 25 for connecting to the train, the anti-climbing teeth 5 are fixed to the surface of the anti-climbing teeth mounting plate 4, and the two ends of the thin-walled tube 2 are respectively connected to the anti-climbing teeth mounting plate 4 and the energy absorbing device mounting plate 1; a plurality of main guide rods 3 evenly spaced along the circumference are also provided between the anti-climbing teeth mounting plate 4 and the energy absorbing device mounting plate 1, the main guide rods 3 are located inside the thin-walled tube 2, the main guide rods 3 are perpendicular to the anti-climbing teeth mounting plate 4, one end of the main guide rod 3 is a fixed end, which is welded to the anti-climbing teeth mounting plate 4, and the other end is a connecting end, which passes through the energy absorbing device mounting plate 1 and is connected to the corresponding connecting piece. In the area enclosed by the plurality of main guide rods 3, a cutting sleeve 8 and a guide tube 13 arranged parallel to the main guide rods 3 are provided, and the cutting sleeve 8 is coaxially arranged with the guide tube 13, the inner diameter of the cutting sleeve 8 is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide tube 13, and the outer diameter of the cutting sleeve 8 is consistent with the outer diameter of the guide tube 13. One end of the cutting sleeve 8 is fixed to the anti-climbing mounting plate 4, and the other end is a first open end. The radially outer side of the first open end is provided with an upper step structure, which serves as the cutting starting surface S3. The radially inner side of the first open end is provided with a guide portion 801 extending along its axial direction, and the radially outer side of the guide portion 801 is provided with an initial bevel S2. One end of the guide tube 13 is fixed to the energy absorption device mounting plate 1, and the other end is a second open end. The end surface of the second open end is provided with a circle of cutting tools 11 along the circumferential direction. The radially inner side of the second open end is provided with a lower step structure, which has a guiding bevel S1 that cooperates with the initial bevel S2. Before a train collision occurs, the cutting sleeve 8 and guide tube 13 are in their initial positions. The guide portion 801 of the cutting sleeve 8 is embedded in the lower step of the guide tube 13, and the initial bevel S2 aligns with the guide bevel S1. The cutting edge of the cutting tool 11 abuts against the cutting starting surface S3 at a right angle, thereby preventing radial movement between the cutting sleeve 8 and the cutting tool 11. The guide bevel S1 is primarily used to guide the cut cutting sleeve 8 into the guide tube 13 and, during entry, compresses the cutting sleeve 8, causing it to shrink in diameter and absorb energy.

[0029] In the space enclosed by the cutting sleeve 8 and the guide tube 13, honeycomb aluminum, a baffle 12, and a high-pressure airbag 15 are arranged from top to bottom. A plurality of auxiliary guide rods 14, evenly spaced along the circumference, are arranged between the baffle 12 and the energy-absorbing device mounting plate 1. One end of the auxiliary guide rod 14 is a fixed end, which is fixedly connected to the baffle 12, and the other end is a connecting end, which passes through the energy-absorbing device mounting plate 1 and is connected to the corresponding connecting piece. The high-pressure airbag 15 is arranged in the area enclosed by the plurality of auxiliary guide rods 14. A rubber pad 24 is arranged between the upper end of the high-pressure airbag 15 and the baffle 12, and a rubber pad 24 is arranged between the lower end of the high-pressure airbag 15 and the energy-absorbing device mounting plate 1. The provision of the rubber pad 24 can prevent the airbag from being damaged by wear caused by direct contact with the baffle 12 and the mounting plate, and further play a buffering role, so that the high-pressure airbag 15 can be reused many times. The air inlet 16 of the high-pressure airbag 15 is connected to the air inlet channel 18 provided in the energy absorption device mounting plate 1. An air inlet valve 17 is installed at the air inlet of the air inlet channel 18. The air supply device connected to the air inlet valve 17 supplies air to the high-pressure airbag, so that the high-pressure airbag 15 has a specified stiffness. Also arranged from top to bottom between the baffle 12 and the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate 4 are a first-level honeycomb aluminum 6, a second-level honeycomb aluminum 9, and a third-level honeycomb aluminum 10 located in the cutting sleeve 8. A partition 7 is provided between adjacent honeycomb aluminums. The third-level honeycomb aluminum 10 is supported on the baffle 12. A certain gap is left between the first-level honeycomb aluminum 6 and the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate 4. The yield strength of the first-level honeycomb aluminum 6, the second-level honeycomb aluminum 9, and the third-level honeycomb aluminum 10 gradually increases.

[0030] Specifically, the connecting end of the main guide rod 3 is configured as a threaded section. After extending out of the energy absorption device mounting plate 1, the threaded section engages with the main guide rod nut 19. The connecting end of the secondary guide rod 14 is configured as a threaded section. After extending out of the energy absorption device mounting plate 1, the threaded section engages with the secondary guide rod nut 20. A buffer rubber 23 is provided between the secondary guide rod nut 20 and the energy absorption device mounting plate 1 to provide a shock-absorbing and buffering effect between the secondary guide rod nut 20 and the energy absorption device mounting plate 1. The degree of threading of the secondary guide rod nut 20 can adjust the distance between the baffle 12 and the energy absorption device mounting plate 1, thereby determining the height of the high-pressure airbag 15.

[0031] Furthermore, a deflation channel 22 and an emergency deflation valve 21 are provided at the center of the air inlet end of the high-pressure airbag 15. When the high-pressure airbag 15 reaches its load limit, the emergency deflation valve 21 opens to deflate the air, thereby ensuring the safety of the high-pressure airbag 15. Both the emergency deflation valve 21 and the air inlet valve 17 are solenoid valves.

[0032] In this embodiment, the cross section of the thin-walled tube 2 is rectangular or square. The guide tube 13 and the cutting sleeve 8 are both cylindrical.

[0033] In addition to protecting the high-pressure airbag 15, the rubber pad 24 in the present invention, located at the air inlet end of the airbag, can also seal the airbag, because the air inlet and the air outlet of the airbag both need to be set through the rubber pad 24, so that the elastic force generated by the rubber pad 24 can play a sealing role.

[0034] In this embodiment, four main guide rods 3 and four auxiliary guide rods 14 are provided. It can be understood that in specific implementation, the number and specifications of the guide rods can also be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0035] The present invention is installed, as Figure 3 As shown, the connecting bolts pass through the mounting holes 25 of the energy absorbing device mounting plate 1 and connect to the mounting base 26, which is then bolted to the train vehicle end chassis. Alternatively, the mounting base 26 is welded to the energy absorbing device mounting plate 1, and the mounting base 26 is bolted to the train vehicle end chassis.

[0036] The working process of the present invention is as follows: After the high-pressure gas is introduced into the high-pressure airbag 15 and reaches the specified pressure, the energy absorbing device mounting plate 1 is connected to the train end chassis by bolts. At this time, the energy absorbing device mounting plate 1 and the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate 4 are both perpendicular to the ground. Figure 3 When the two trains collide head-on or rear-end, the coupler is first crushed and eventually cuts off, and the anti-climbing energy absorption devices of the two trains engage with each other through the anti-climbing teeth 5 (as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown in the figure), the anti-climbing energy-absorbing device after engagement is crushed and deformed under the action of the residual impact kinetic energy of the train, and the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate 4 and the main guide rod move toward the energy-absorbing device mounting plate 1 together. Under the action of the main guide rod 3, on the one hand, it prevents the train from climbing, and on the other hand, it plays a guiding role, ensuring that the thin-walled tube 2 and the honeycomb aluminum inside undergo regular longitudinal crushing deformation. During the load-bearing process, the cutting tool 11 on the guide tube 13 cuts the outer metal substrate along the axial direction of the cutting sleeve 8. The cutting process generates heat energy to consume the impact kinetic energy during the collision.

[0037] After cutting, the cutting sleeve 8 is guided into the guide tube 13 by the guide bevel S1 of the guide tube 13 during the process of continuing longitudinal extrusion, so that the cutting sleeve 8 is radially compressed, and the cutting sleeve 8 shrinks and deforms with a reduced diameter to absorb energy; at this time, the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate 4 begins to squeeze the honeycomb aluminum. Since the layout of the honeycomb aluminum adopts a layout method with gradually increasing yield strength, the level 1 honeycomb aluminum 6 is first crushed and deformed, and then the level 2 and level 3 honeycomb aluminum begin to be compressed and deformed to absorb energy. When the aluminum honeycomb crushing limit is reached, the load of the baffle 12 on the high-pressure airbag 15 begins to increase sharply. When the load limit of the high-pressure airbag 15 is reached, the emergency air release valve 21 begins to release air urgently to ensure the safety of the high-pressure airbag 15. At the same time, the air release flow rate is changed by the emergency air release valve 21 to adjust the amount of energy absorbed by the high-pressure airbag 15.

[0038] During the compression of the high-pressure airbag 15, the sliding fit between the secondary guide rod 14 and the energy-absorbing device mounting plate 1 provides guidance for the longitudinal compression of the high-pressure airbag 15, maintaining the stability of the compressed longitudinal movement of the high-pressure airbag 15. At the final stage of compression, the rubber material of the high-pressure airbag 15 provides a significant cushioning effect on the baffle, thereby protecting the guiding function of the main guide rod 3 and the secondary guide rod 14.

[0039] Other feasible implementations: In the above embodiment, three-level honeycomb aluminum with different yield strengths is used as a multi-level crushing material layer that can be axially collapsed. In actual use, there can be other options for the number of layers and materials of the multi-level crushing material layer, such as: two or more levels of honeycomb aluminum can be used to form the multi-level crushing material layer; other materials besides honeycomb aluminum, such as foam aluminum and other porous materials, can be selected as crushing materials.

[0040] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can be modified or replaced with equivalents with reference to the above embodiments. Any modifications or equivalent replacements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the pending claims.

Claims

1. A multi-stage, multi-dimensional, combined anti-climbing energy absorption device, comprising an energy absorption device mounting plate, an anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, and a thin-walled tube, the ends of the thin-walled tube being connected to the energy absorption device mounting plate and the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, respectively. A plurality of main guide rods are further provided between the energy absorption device mounting plate and the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, the main guide rods being perpendicular to the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate; characterized in that: Also includes: a cutting sleeve and a guide tube axially arranged parallel to the main guide rod, wherein the cutting sleeve and the guide tube are coaxially arranged, the inner diameter of the cutting sleeve is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide tube, and the outer diameter of the cutting sleeve is consistent with the outer diameter of the guide tube; One end of the cutting sleeve is connected to the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, and the other end is a first open end, wherein the radial outer side surface of the first open end is provided with an upper step structure, and the radial inner side of the first open end is provided with a guide portion extending axially into the guide tube; One end of the guide tube is connected to the energy absorbing device mounting plate, and the other end is a second open end. A cutting tool for cutting the upper step structure is provided on the end surface of the second open end, and a guiding inclined surface for guiding the guide portion to move into the guide tube is provided on the radial inner side surface of the second open end. A high-pressure airbag capable of being compressed in the axial direction is installed in the guide tube; A multi-stage crushing material layer capable of collapsing in the axial direction is installed in the cutting sleeve.

2. The multi-level, multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the main guide rod is a fixed end, and the other end is an adjustable end. The fixed end is fixedly connected to the anti-climbing tooth mounting plate, and the adjustable end is configured as a threaded section, which passes through the energy absorption device mounting plate and is connected to the main guide rod nut.

3. The multi-level, multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle is provided between the high-pressure airbag and the multi-stage crushing material layer, and a plurality of auxiliary guide rods parallel to the main guide rod are provided between the baffle and the energy absorbing device mounting plate.

4. The multi-level, multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the auxiliary guide rod is a fixed end, and the other end is an adjustable end. The fixed end is fixedly connected to the baffle, and the adjustable end is configured as a threaded section. The threaded section passes through the energy absorption device mounting plate and is matched with the auxiliary guide rod nut.

5. The multi-level and multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A buffer rubber is provided between the auxiliary guide rod nut and the energy absorbing device mounting plate.

6. The multi-level, multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Rubber pads are provided between the two ends of the high-pressure airbag and the baffle and the energy absorption device mounting plate.

7. The multi-level, multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet end of the high-pressure airbag is provided with an air release channel and an emergency air release valve.

8. The multi-level, multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air intake channel is provided in the energy absorption device mounting plate, one end of the air intake channel is connected to the air inlet of the high-pressure airbag, and an air intake valve is installed at the other end.

9. The multi-level, multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The yield strength of the multi-stage crushing material layer gradually increases along the crushing direction.

10. The multi-level and multi-dimensional combined anti-climbing energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-level crushing material layer includes level 1 crushing material, level 2 crushing material, level 3 crushing material...n-level crushing material arranged in sequence along the axial direction, n≥2, and a partition is arranged between adjacent crushing materials; the crushing material is honeycomb aluminum or foam aluminum.

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