High-efficiency thermal insulation material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a kind of high-efficiency thermal insulation material and its preparation method, relate to composite material technical field, high-efficiency thermal insulation material includes first thermal insulation layer, heat capacity layer, second thermal insulation layer and temperature control layer arranged in turn;First thermal insulation layer is fiber reinforced aerogel composite material;Heat capacity layer is metal material;Second thermal insulation layer is fiber reinforced aerogel composite material and / or fiber preform;Temperature control layer is phase change composite material.The high-efficiency thermal insulation material prepared by the application has simple preparation process, low cost, excellent temperature resistance and thermal insulation performance, and can control the internal temperature in a limited space within a constant temperature range;And can realize matching adjustment to equipment installation profile.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a high-efficiency thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Aerogel material is the most efficient thermal insulation material found so far, and has become an indispensable part of the structure and thermal protection system. It can effectively prevent heat from entering the cabin body when various aircrafts fly quickly for a long time, so as to maintain a lower temperature in the cabin and ensure the normal work of equipment and instruments. With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the demand for temperature resistance of the thermal insulation layer in limited structural space is also increasing, and higher requirements are put forward for the raw materials and process of the thermal insulation layer, resulting in a significant increase in product cost. However, the existing aerogel thermal insulation material cannot meet the requirements of excellent temperature resistance, thermal insulation performance and low cost. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a high-efficiency thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The high-efficiency thermal insulation material has simple preparation process, low cost, excellent temperature resistance and thermal insulation performance.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a high-efficiency thermal insulation material, which comprises a first thermal insulation layer, a heat capacity layer, a second thermal insulation layer and a temperature control layer arranged in sequence.

[0005] The first thermal insulation layer is a fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material.

[0006] The heat capacity layer is a metal material.

[0007] The second thermal insulation layer is the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material and / or a fiber preform.

[0008] The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material.

[0009] Preferably, the fiber reinforcement of the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material is one or more of superfine glass fiber, basalt fiber, quartz fiber, high-silica fiber, mullite fiber and alumina fiber.

[0010] Preferably, the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material is obtained by compounding silica sol and fiber reinforcement.

[0011] Preferably, the content of silica in the silica sol is 8wt%-12wt%.

[0012] Preferably, the fiber preform is obtained by wrapping a fiber cloth on the surface of a fiber body, wherein the fiber cloth is sewn on the surface of the fiber body by fiber yarn.

[0013] Preferably, the fibrous body is one or more of glass fiber, basalt fiber, quartz fiber, high silica fiber, mullite fiber;

[0014] The fibrous cloth is one or more of glass fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth, mullite fiber cloth;

[0015] The fibrous yarn is a sutured quartz fiber yarn, glass fiber yarn or mullite fiber yarn.

[0016] Preferably, the phase change composite material is obtained from a phase change microcapsule composite resin or from a phase change material and filler composite;

[0017] The phase change microcapsule has a core-shell structure with the phase change material as the core material and a polymer polymer as the capsule wall.

[0018] The melting point of the phase change material is 30-110℃; and the filler is one or more of glass hollow microbeads, fumed silica and graphite powder.

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of the phase change microcapsule to the resin is (0.75-1.5):1;

[0020] The mass ratio of the phase change material to the filler is 100:(5-10).

[0021] Preferably, the thickness of the first and second thermal insulation layers is 5-20mm;

[0022] The thickness of the heat capacity layer is 2-5mm;

[0023] The thickness of the temperature control layer is 1.5-5mm.

[0024] Preferably, the thermal insulation performance of the first thermal insulation layer is superior to that of the second thermal insulation layer.

[0025] Preferably, the thickness ratio of the first thermal insulation layer to the heat capacity layer is (1-4):(0.4-1).

[0026] In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of the high-efficiency thermal insulation material, which comprises:

[0027] The first thermal insulation layer, heat capacity layer, second thermal insulation layer and temperature control layer are sequentially bonded by using an adhesive to obtain the high-efficiency thermal insulation material.

[0028] Preferably, the adhesive has a temperature resistance of 600-1000℃.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The high-efficiency thermal insulation material of the present application is composed of a first thermal insulation layer, a heat capacity layer, a second thermal insulation layer and a temperature control layer. Firstly, the first thermal insulation layer can insulate part of the external heat from being transferred to the interior, reducing the heat transferred to the interior. After the heat is transferred to the heat capacity layer, the heat capacity layer forms a larger heat capacity body inside the high-efficiency thermal insulation material, consuming the heat in the path of heat transfer, thereby effectively reducing the temperature inside the high-efficiency thermal insulation material. With the aid of the phase change composite material of the temperature control layer, the internal temperature can be controlled within a constant temperature range in a limited space, further improving the thermal insulation performance of the high-efficiency thermal insulation material.

[0031] In the present application, since the thermal conductivity coefficient of the first thermal insulation layer decreases with the decrease of temperature, after the high-efficiency thermal insulation material is cooled by the metal heat capacity layer, the heat transfer of the second thermal insulation layer can be slowed down, achieving a more excellent thermal insulation effect.

[0032] In the present application, after the high-efficiency thermal insulation material is cooled by the heat capacity layer, when the second thermal insulation layer is selected, a material with lower temperature resistance grade and lower cost can be directly selected, thereby reducing the cost of preparing the high-efficiency thermal insulation material.

[0033] The high-efficiency thermal insulation material of the present application can be used in a temperature environment of 600-1000℃ for a long time.

[0034] Through the design of the high-efficiency thermal insulation material, the present application can realize the matching adjustment of the equipment installation surface, so that the equipment is connected with the wall surface through the high-efficiency thermal insulation material, thereby playing a structure fixing role. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a high-efficiency thermal insulation material provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another high-efficiency thermal insulation material provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] The reference signs: 10-temperature control layer, 20-second thermal insulation layer, 30-heat capacity layer, 40-first thermal insulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical scheme in the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0039] The present application provides a high-efficiency thermal insulation material, such as Figure 1As shown, the high-efficiency thermal insulation material comprises, in sequence, a temperature control layer 10, a second thermal insulation layer 20, a heat capacity layer 30, and a first thermal insulation layer 40.

[0040] The first thermal insulation layer 40 is a fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material.

[0041] The heat capacity layer 30 is a metal material.

[0042] The second thermal insulation layer 20 is a fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material and / or a fiber preform.

[0043] The temperature control layer 10 is a phase change composite material.

[0044] The high-efficiency thermal insulation material of the present application is composed of a first thermal insulation layer, a heat capacity layer, a second thermal insulation layer, and a temperature control layer. First, the first thermal insulation layer can insulate part of the external heat from being transmitted to the interior, reducing the heat transmitted to the interior. After the heat is transmitted to the heat capacity layer, the heat capacity layer forms a larger heat capacity body inside the high-efficiency thermal insulation material, consumes the heat in the path of heat transmission, and thus effectively reduces the temperature inside the high-efficiency thermal insulation material. With the phase change composite material of the temperature control layer, the interior temperature can be controlled within a constant temperature range in a limited space, further improving the thermal insulation performance of the high-efficiency thermal insulation material. The high-efficiency thermal insulation material of the present application can be used in a temperature environment of 600-1000℃ for a long time.

[0045] It should be noted that the first thermal insulation layer 40 is in direct contact with the member to be insulated, such as a cabin body, when the high-efficiency thermal insulation material is used.

[0046] More specifically, the heat capacity layer can be, but is not limited to, a metal material such as aluminum, steel, iron, copper, etc. Since there are a large number of free electrons in the metal material, the mass is smaller and the movement speed is faster, the thermal conductivity is high, the heat can be quickly transmitted, the heat absorption is stronger, the temperature can be quickly reduced in a short period of time, and the temperature inside the high-efficiency thermal insulation material can be effectively reduced. At the same time, since the heat capacity of the metal material is constant, after the heat capacity is expanded, the temperature of the surrounding area can be quickly reduced, but after the heat capacity is expanded, the metal material can only play a role in heat transmission.

[0047] According to some preferred embodiments, the fiber reinforcement of the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material is one or more of ultra-fine glass fiber, basalt fiber, quartz fiber, high-silica fiber, mullite fiber, and alumina fiber.

[0048] According to some preferred embodiments, the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material is obtained by compounding silica sol and fiber reinforcement.

[0049] Specifically, the type, specification of the fiber reinforcement, and the amount ratio of the silica sol and the fiber reinforcement can be selected according to the actual application requirements for preparing the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material.

[0050] According to some preferred embodiments, the content of silica in the silica sol is 8wt%-12wt% (for example, it can be 8wt%, 8.5wt%, 9wt%, 9.5wt%, 10wt%, 10.5wt%, 11wt%, 11.5wt% or 12wt%).

[0051] In the present application, the content of silica in the silica sol is limited to 8wt%-12wt%, if the content of silica is too low, the thermal insulation performance of the prepared fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material is poor; on the contrary, the mechanical strength of the prepared fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material is low, which will affect the mechanical properties of the high-efficiency thermal insulation material.

[0052] More specifically, the particle size of silica is 1-1000nm (for example, it can be 1nm, 10nm, 20nm, 25nm, 50nm, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm or 1000nm), preferably 100-500nm. It should be noted that the particle size here is the D50 particle size.

[0053] According to some preferred embodiments, the fiber preform is obtained by wrapping a fiber cloth on the surface of the fiber body; wherein the fiber cloth is sewn on the surface of the fiber body by fiber yarn.

[0054] Specifically, the fiber preform can be obtained by wrapping and sewing the fiber cloth on the surface of the fiber by fiber yarn, which is more conducive to the adhesion of the second thermal insulation layer to the heat capacity layer and the temperature control layer respectively, and improves the bonding strength and interlayer bonding force between the layers.

[0055] According to some preferred embodiments, the fiber body is one or more of glass fiber, basalt fiber, quartz fiber, high-silica fiber and mullite fiber;

[0056] The fiber cloth is one or more of glass fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth and mullite fiber cloth;

[0057] The fiber yarn is a sewing quartz fiber yarn, glass fiber yarn or mullite fiber yarn.

[0058] Specifically, the thickness of the fiber yarn is preferably 0.1mm-0.2mm, so as to improve the adhesion performance on the basis of minimizing the occupied space.

[0059] According to some preferred embodiments, the phase change composite material is obtained by compounding phase change microcapsules with resin or by compounding phase change material with filler;

[0060] The phase change microcapsule has a core-shell structure with phase change material as the core material and high molecular polymer as the capsule wall.

[0061] The melting point of the phase change material is 30-110℃ (for example, it can be 30℃, 35℃, 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃, 75℃, 80℃, 85℃, 90℃, 95℃, 100℃, 105℃ or 110℃); the filler is one or more of glass hollow microsphere, fumed silica, graphite powder.

[0062] In the present application, the phase change material includes but is not limited to phase change paraffin, phase change capsule, composite phase change material. The phase change microcapsule can use the low-temperature thermal control phase change microcapsule disclosed in the application No. CN201410548969.2.

[0063] According to some preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of the phase change microcapsule and the resin is (0.75-1.5):1 (for example, it can be 0.75:1, 0.8:1, 0.85:1, 0.9:1, 0.95:1, 1:1, 1.1:1, 1.2:1, 1.3:1, 1.4:1 or 1.5:1);

[0064] The mass ratio of the phase change material and the filler is 100:(5-10) (for example, it can be 100:5, 100:5.5, 100:6, 100:6.5, 100:7, 100:7.5, 100:8, 100:8.5, 100:9, 100:9.5 or 100:10.

[0065] More specifically, the phase change material raw material is compounded with the phase change material and the filler, and then edge sealing treatment is performed to wrap the phase change material inside the filler, so that the flowability of the phase change material after phase change can be reduced. By limiting the mass ratio of the phase change material and the filler, the flowability of the temperature control layer can be reduced while ensuring the temperature control performance of the temperature control layer. For example, the phase change composite material is obtained by edge sealing treatment after compounding of glass hollow microsphere, fumed silica and graphite powder.

[0066] According to some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the first and second thermal insulation layers is 5-20mm (for example, it can be 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5mm, 9mm, 9.5mm, 10mm, 10.5mm, 11mm, 11.5mm, 12mm, 12.5mm, 13mm, 13.5mm, 14mm, 15mm, 15.5mm, 16mm, 16.5mm, 17mm, 17.5mm, 18mm, 18.5mm, 19mm, 19.5mm or 20mm);

[0067] The thickness of the heat capacity layer is 2-5 mm (for example, it can be 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.8 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.8 mm, 4 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.8 mm or 5 mm);

[0068] The thickness of the temperature control layer is 1.5-5 mm (for example, it can be 1.5 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.8 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.8 mm, 4 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.8 mm or 5 mm).

[0069] In the present application, by limiting the thickness of each layer such as the first heat insulation layer, the heat capacity layer, the second heat insulation layer and the temperature control layer, the synergistic effect between the layers can be achieved, and further, after the first heat insulation layer insulates part of the heat, the remaining heat is absorbed by the heat capacity layer to reduce the heat transferred to the second heat insulation layer again, then the second heat insulation layer reduces the heat transfer again, the temperature control layer receives less heat and realizes temperature control by using the phase change composite material. In this way, each layer complements each other, and the absence of any layer or the change of the thickness of any layer will affect the heat transfer path and the heat finally transferred to the temperature control layer, even the heat transferred to the heat-insulated member by the temperature control layer, and further affect the heat insulation performance of the high-efficiency heat insulation material of the present application.

[0070] According to some more preferred embodiments, the heat insulation performance of the first heat insulation layer is better than that of the second heat insulation layer.

[0071] In the present application, the first heat insulation layer is in direct contact with the heat-insulated member, so the heat insulation and temperature resistance performance of the first heat insulation layer is higher, and in order to further reduce the production cost, the second heat insulation layer located in the middle can directly select a heat insulation material with lower temperature resistance grade and lower cost.

[0072] According to some more preferred embodiments, the thickness ratio of the first heat insulation layer to the heat capacity layer is (1-4):(0.4-1) (for example, it can be 1:0.4, 2:0.4, 3:0.4, 4:0.4, 1:0.5, 2:0.5, 4:0.5, 1:0.4, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 or 4:1).

[0073] In the present application, by limiting the ratio of the thickness of the first thermal insulation layer and the heat capacity layer, the heat transferred to the second thermal insulation layer through the heat capacity layer can be further ensured to be lower in temperature while ensuring insulation, thereby achieving better insulation effect. If the ratio is too low, the first thermal insulation layer is too thin, and the temperature transferred to the heat capacity layer is too high, so that the heat capacity of the heat capacity layer is full, and the heat transferred to the second thermal insulation layer is still high, or the thickness of the heat capacity layer is too thick, which increases the density of the high-efficiency thermal insulation material, and it is difficult to meet the requirement of light weight; on the contrary, if the ratio is too large, if the thickness of the first thermal insulation layer is too thick, the material density will be significantly increased while the thermal insulation performance is improved, or the thickness of the heat capacity layer is too thin, the heat absorbed is limited, and it is difficult to significantly reduce the heat transferred to the second thermal insulation layer.

[0074] It should be noted that the first thermal insulation layer, the heat capacity layer, the second thermal insulation layer and the temperature control layer can be a material with uniform thickness, or a material with non-uniform thickness, i.e. a curved surface or irregular surface matching the installation surface of the member or equipment to be insulated, for example, a plate with thick middle and thin edges, a plate with thin middle and thick edges, etc. It should be noted that the first thermal insulation layer, the second thermal insulation layer and the temperature control layer all adopt flexible materials. For example, when the member to be insulated is a curved cabin body, the structural diagram of the high-efficiency thermal insulation material is as shown in Figure 2 .

[0075] The present application also provides a preparation method of a high-efficiency thermal insulation material, comprising: sequentially bonding the first thermal insulation layer, the heat capacity layer, the second thermal insulation layer and the temperature control layer by using an adhesive to obtain the high-efficiency thermal insulation material.

[0076] According to some preferred embodiments, the adhesive has a temperature resistance of 600-1000℃ (for example, it can be 600℃, 650℃, 700℃, 750℃, 800℃, 850℃, 900℃, 950℃ or 1000℃).

[0077] More specifically, the same adhesive can be selected between each layer of the first thermal insulation layer, the heat capacity layer, the second thermal insulation layer and the temperature control layer, or different adhesives that can meet the temperature resistance performance between adjacent layers can be selected. For example, the temperature resistance performance of the adhesive selected between the first thermal insulation layer and the heat capacity layer can be better than that of the adhesive selected between the heat capacity layer and the second thermal insulation layer, and the temperature resistance performance of the adhesive selected between the heat capacity layer and the second thermal insulation layer can be better than that of the adhesive between the second thermal insulation layer and the temperature control layer. By designing the temperature resistance level of the adhesive in this way, the preparation cost of the high-efficiency thermal insulation material can be further reduced.

[0078] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the following will describe in detail a high-efficiency thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof through several embodiments.

[0079] The complex cabin bodies applied in the following examples and comparative examples are all the same, i.e. the shapes and thicknesses of the prepared high-efficiency thermal insulation materials are all the same.

[0080] Example 1

[0081] The high-efficiency thermal insulation member comprises a first thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 5 mm, a heat capacity layer (steel plate) with a thickness of 2 mm, a second thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 15 mm, and a temperature control layer with a thickness of 2 mm arranged in sequence.

[0082] The first thermal insulation layer and the second thermal insulation layer are both glass fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0083] The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material with a melting point of 72℃.

[0084] The preparation method of the high-efficiency thermal insulation member comprises the following steps:

[0085] (1) A glass fiber reinforced material is immersed in a silica sol with a silica content of 10wt% to perform aging, solvent replacement, supercritical drying and other processes, to obtain glass fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0086] (2) The glass fiber reinforced aerogel and the steel plate are processed (including designing the thickness and shape thereof by cutting) according to the complex cabin body to be applied, to obtain the first thermal insulation layer, the second thermal insulation layer and the heat capacity layer.

[0087] (3) A phase change composite material with a melting point of 72℃ is prepared, and the temperature control layer is obtained after processing.

[0088] (4) The first thermal insulation layer, the heat capacity layer, the second thermal insulation layer and the temperature control layer are sequentially bonded by using an adhesive to obtain the high-efficiency thermal insulation material.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] The high-efficiency thermal insulation member comprises a first thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 10 mm, a heat capacity layer (steel plate) with a thickness of 2 mm, a second thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 10 mm, and a temperature control layer with a thickness of 2 mm arranged in sequence.

[0091] The first thermal insulation layer and the second thermal insulation layer are both glass fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0092] The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material with a melting point of 72℃.

[0093] The preparation method of the high-efficiency thermal insulation member is the same as that of Example 1.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] The high-efficiency thermal insulation member comprises a first thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 15 mm, a heat capacity layer (steel plate) with a thickness of 2 mm, a second thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 5 mm, and a temperature control layer with a thickness of 2 mm arranged in sequence.

[0096] The first and second thermal insulation layers are both glass fiber reinforced aerogel;

[0097] The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material with a melting point of 72°C.

[0098] The preparation method of the high-efficiency thermal insulation component is the same as that of Example 1.

[0099] Example 4

[0100] The high-efficiency thermal insulation component comprises, in sequence, a 10mm-thick first thermal insulation layer, a 3mm-thick heat capacity layer (steel plate), a 10mm-thick second thermal insulation layer, and a 2mm-thick temperature control layer.

[0101] The first and second thermal insulation layers are both glass fiber reinforced aerogel;

[0102] The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material with a melting point of 72°C.

[0103] The preparation method of the high-efficiency thermal insulation component is the same as that of Example 1.

[0104] Example 5

[0105] The high-efficiency thermal insulation component comprises, in sequence, a 10mm-thick first thermal insulation layer, a 2mm-thick heat capacity layer (steel plate), a 10mm-thick second thermal insulation layer, and a 2mm-thick temperature control layer.

[0106] The first thermal insulation layer is glass fiber reinforced aerogel;

[0107] The second thermal insulation layer is 5mm-thick glass fiber reinforced aerogel and 5mm-thick glass fiber preform;

[0108] The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material with a melting point of 72°C.

[0109] The preparation method of the high-efficiency thermal insulation component is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that in step (1), the glass fiber preform is obtained by wrapping and sewing a glass fiber cloth on the surface of the glass fiber body through a glass fiber yarn.

[0110] Example 6

[0111] The high-efficiency thermal insulation component comprises, in sequence, a 10mm-thick first thermal insulation layer, a 2mm-thick heat capacity layer (steel plate), a 10mm-thick second thermal insulation layer, and a 2mm-thick temperature control layer.

[0112] The first thermal insulation layer is glass fiber reinforced aerogel;

[0113] The second thermal insulation layer is a glass fiber preform;

[0114] The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material with a melting point of 72°C.

[0115] The preparation method of the high-efficiency thermal insulation component is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that step (1) is: the glass fiber cloth is sewn on the surface of the glass fiber body by glass fiber yarn to obtain a glass fiber preform.

[0116] Embodiment 7

[0117] The high-efficiency thermal insulation component comprises, in sequence, a first thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 10 mm, a heat capacity layer (steel plate) with a thickness of 2 mm, a second thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 10 mm, and a temperature control layer with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0118] The first thermal insulation layer is basalt fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0119] The second thermal insulation layer is glass fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0120] The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material with a melting point of 72℃.

[0121] The preparation method of the high-efficiency thermal insulation component is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that step (1) further comprises: placing the basalt fiber reinforced body material in a silica sol with a silica content of 10wt% to perform processes such as immersion aging, solvent replacement, and supercritical drying, to obtain basalt fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0122] Embodiment 8

[0123] The high-efficiency thermal insulation component comprises, in sequence, a first thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 10 mm, a heat capacity layer (steel plate) with a thickness of 2 mm, a second thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 10 mm, and a temperature control layer with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0124] The first thermal insulation layer is quartz fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0125] The second thermal insulation layer is glass fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0126] The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material with a melting point of 72℃.

[0127] The preparation method of the high-efficiency thermal insulation component is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that step (1) further comprises: placing the quartz fiber reinforced body material in a silica sol with a silica content of 10wt% to perform processes such as immersion aging, solvent replacement, and supercritical drying, to obtain quartz fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0128] Embodiment 9

[0129] Embodiment 9 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the silica content in the silica sol in step (1) is 8wt%.

[0130] Embodiment 10

[0131] Example 10 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the content of silica in the silica sol in step (1) is 12 wt%.

[0132] Example 11

[0133] Example 11 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the temperature control layer is a phase change composite material with a melting point of 40℃.

[0134] Comparative Example 1

[0135] The high-efficiency thermal insulation component comprises a first thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 22 mm and a temperature control layer with a thickness of 2 mm arranged in sequence;

[0136] The first thermal insulation layer is a glass fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0137] The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material with a melting point of 72℃.

[0138] The method for preparing the high-efficiency thermal insulation component comprises the following steps:

[0139] (1) placing a glass fiber reinforced material in a silica sol with a silica content of 10 wt% to perform processes such as immersion aging, solvent replacement, and supercritical drying, to obtain a glass fiber reinforced aerogel;

[0140] (2) processing the glass fiber reinforced aerogel according to the application of the complex cabin (including designing its thickness and shape by cutting, etc.), to obtain the first thermal insulation layer;

[0141] (3) preparing a phase change composite material with a melting point of 72℃, and processing it to obtain the temperature control layer;

[0142] (4) sequentially bonding the first thermal insulation layer and the temperature control layer by using an adhesive, to obtain the high-efficiency thermal insulation material.

[0143] Comparative Example 2

[0144] The high-efficiency thermal insulation component comprises a first thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 10 mm, a heat capacity layer (steel plate) with a thickness of 2 mm, and a second thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 12 mm arranged in sequence.

[0145] The first thermal insulation layer and the second thermal insulation layer are both glass fiber reinforced aerogels.

[0146] The method for preparing the high-efficiency thermal insulation component comprises the following steps:

[0147] (1) placing a glass fiber reinforced material in a silica sol with a silica content of 10 wt% to perform processes such as immersion aging, solvent replacement, and supercritical drying, to obtain a glass fiber reinforced aerogel;

[0148] (2) According to the complex cabin body applied, the glass fiber reinforced aerogel is processed (including designing its thickness and shape by cutting, etc.), to obtain the first thermal insulation layer and the second thermal insulation layer;

[0149] (3) The first thermal insulation layer, the second thermal insulation layer and the temperature control layer are sequentially bonded by using an adhesive, to obtain the high-efficiency thermal insulation material.

[0150] Comparative Example 3

[0151] The high-efficiency thermal insulation component is a 22mm-thick first thermal insulation layer; the first thermal insulation layer is a glass fiber reinforced aerogel.

[0152] The preparation method of the high-efficiency thermal insulation component comprises the following steps:

[0153] (1) A glass fiber reinforced body material is immersed in a silica sol with a silica content of 10wt% for aging, solvent replacement, supercritical drying and other processes, to obtain a glass fiber reinforced aerogel;

[0154] (2) According to the complex cabin body applied, the glass fiber reinforced aerogel is processed (including designing its thickness and shape by cutting, etc.), to obtain the high-efficiency thermal insulation material.

[0155] Comparative Example 4

[0156] Comparative Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, and the difference lies in that the first thermal insulation layer is 1mm thick, the heat capacity layer (steel plate) is 6mm thick, the second thermal insulation layer is 15mm thick, and the temperature control layer is 2mm thick.

[0157] Comparative Example 5

[0158] Comparative Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, and the difference lies in that the first thermal insulation layer is 6mm thick, the heat capacity layer (steel plate) is 1mm thick, the second thermal insulation layer is 15mm thick, and the temperature control layer is 2mm thick.

[0159] The high-efficiency thermal insulation materials obtained in Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are taken as samples, and the samples are tested for thermal insulation performance.

[0160] Thermal insulation performance test: An infrared heating device is used to heat the front surface of the thermal insulation material, so that it reaches the required temperature of the hot surface in a short time. It should be noted that the temperature reached on the back surface is the temperature reached on the surface of the temperature control layer.

[0161] Table 1

[0162]

[0163]

[0164] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples can still be modified, or some technical features therein can be replaced by equivalents; and such modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application. The part of the present application not described in detail is the technology known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency thermal insulation material, characterized in that, The high-efficiency thermal insulation material comprises a first thermal insulation layer, a heat capacity layer, a second thermal insulation layer, and a temperature control layer arranged in sequence; the high-efficiency thermal insulation material can be used for a long time in a temperature environment of 600~1000℃; The first thermal insulation layer is a fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material; The heat capacity layer is made of a metallic material; the thickness of the heat capacity layer is 2~5mm. The second thermal insulation layer is the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material and / or fiber preform; The temperature control layer is a phase change composite material; the phase change composite material is obtained from phase change microcapsule composite resin or from a composite of phase change material and filler; the phase change microcapsules have a core-shell structure with the phase change material as the core material and a polymer as the capsule wall; the melting point of the phase change material is 30~110℃; the filler is one or more of glass hollow microspheres, fumed silica, and graphite powder; the thickness of the temperature control layer is 1.5~5mm; The fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material is obtained by combining silica sol and fiber reinforcement; the silica sol contains 8wt%~12wt% silica. The temperature resistance of the first insulation layer is better than that of the second insulation layer. The thickness ratio of the first insulation layer to the heat capacity layer is (1~4):(0.4~1).

2. The high-efficiency thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material uses one or more of the following fiber reinforcements: ultrafine glass fiber, basalt fiber, quartz fiber, high silica fiber, mullite fiber, and alumina fiber.

3. The high-efficiency thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber preform is made by covering the surface of the fiber body with fiber cloth; wherein the fiber cloth is made by sewing fiber yarn onto the surface of the fiber body.

4. The high-efficiency thermal insulation material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fiber body is one or more of glass fiber, basalt fiber, quartz fiber, high silica fiber, and mullite fiber; The fiber cloth is one or more of glass fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth, and mullite fiber cloth; The fiber yarn is quartz fiber yarn, glass fiber yarn, or mullite fiber yarn used for sewing.

5. The high-efficiency thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the phase change microcapsules to the resin is (0.75~1.5):1; The mass ratio of the phase change material to the filler is 100:(5~10).

6. The high-efficiency thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of both the first and second insulation layers is 5-20 mm.

7. A method for preparing a high-efficiency thermal insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, include: The first insulation layer, the heat capacity layer, the second insulation layer, and the temperature control layer are sequentially bonded together using an adhesive to obtain the high-efficiency insulation material.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adhesive has a temperature resistance of 600~1000℃.

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