Non-pneumatic tire and method of assembling a non-pneumatic tire

Abstract

A non-pneumatic tire and method of assembling a non-pneumatic tire are provided. The non-pneumatic tire includes an annular inner ring, an annular outer ring, and a support structure extending from the annular inner ring to the annular outer ring. The support structure includes a plurality of spokes, web members, cells, or other open-sided support structures. The tire includes a bumper block. The bumper block includes an inner member extending radially from a radially outer surface of the annular inner ring. The inner member has a radially outer surface facing a radially inner surface of the annular outer ring. The bumper block includes an outer member extending radially from a radially inner surface of the annular outer ring. The outer member has a radially inner surface facing a radially outer surface of the annular inner ring.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent with application number 202080093844.9 and invention title "Non-pneumatic tire and method for assembling non-pneumatic tire". Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to a non-pneumatic tire and a method for assembling a non-pneumatic tire. Background Technology

[0003] While various tire constructions allow tires to operate in unaerated or underinflated conditions, non-pneumatic tires do not require inflation. Instead, non-pneumatic tires comprise multiple spokes, web members, chambers, or other side-opening support structures connecting the inner ring to the outer ring. Some non-pneumatic tires include a tread mounted to the outer ring and a rim mounted to the inner ring. One or more of the multiple spokes, web members, chambers or other side-opening support structures, the inner ring, the outer ring, and the rim may be made of a material that plastically deforms when subjected to a load or force greater than its elastic limit.

[0004] During operation, tires are subjected to a variety of load conditions. Normal loads subject one or more components of the tire to loads within the elastic limit of the material in which those components are made, while extreme loads subject one or more components of the tire to loads exceeding the elastic limit of that material. For example, a tire may be subjected to normal loads when operating on a smooth surface, while it may be subjected to extreme loads when operating on a surface that includes potholes, cracks, rocks, and other debris (collectively referred to herein as “bumps”).

[0005] When a tire encounters such a bump, one or more of the spokes, web members, cell or other side-opening support structures, inner ring, outer ring, and rim are subjected to extreme loads that lead to plastic deformation. Plastic deformation can cause the tire to malfunction for its intended purpose or may render the tire inoperable. Therefore, bump stops are needed to control, reduce, eliminate, and prevent plastic deformation in non-pneumatic tires.

[0006] However, manufacturing non-pneumatic tires with such buffer blocks can be challenging. Specifically, providing buffer blocks that are substantially centered along the axial direction of the non-pneumatic tire may present manufacturing challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In one embodiment, the non-pneumatic tire includes an annular inner ring, an annular outer ring, and a support structure extending from the annular inner ring to the annular outer ring. A tread is radially disposed around the annular outer ring. The tire includes a buffer block comprising an internal member extending radially from the radially outer surface of the annular inner ring. The internal member has a radially outer surface. A first radial distance from the radially outer surface of the annular inner ring to the radially outer surface of the internal member is less than a second radial distance from the radially outer surface of the annular inner ring to the outer surface of the tread.

[0008] In another embodiment, the non-pneumatic tire includes an annular inner ring, an annular outer ring, and a support structure extending from the annular inner ring to the annular outer ring. A tread is radially disposed around the annular outer ring. The tire includes a buffer block comprising an outer member extending radially from a radially inner surface of the annular outer ring. The outer member has a radially inner surface facing the radially outer surface of the annular inner ring.

[0009] In another embodiment, the non-pneumatic tire includes an annular inner ring, an annular outer ring, and a support structure extending from the annular inner ring to the annular outer ring. The tread is radially disposed relative to the annular outer ring. The tire includes a bumper with a member having a radially inner surface facing the radially outer surface of the annular inner ring and a radially outer surface facing the radially inner surface of the annular outer ring. Attached Figure Description

[0010] The accompanying drawings illustrate a structure that, together with the detailed description provided below, describes an exemplary embodiment of the invention protected by the claims. Similar elements are designated with the same reference numerals. It should be understood that an element shown as a single component may be replaced by multiple components, and an element shown as multiple components may be replaced by a single component. The drawings are not drawn to scale, and for illustrative purposes, the proportions of some elements may be enlarged.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a front view of an undeformed, non-pneumatic tire known in the prior art;

[0012] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A front view of a non-pneumatic tire deforming under load;

[0013] Figure 3 This is a front view of a non-pneumatic tire known in the prior art, showing the support structure mounted on the rim assembly;

[0014] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A front view of the interconnected web of a non-pneumatic tire, showing the interconnected web as an integral component;

[0015] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A front view of the interconnected web of a non-pneumatic tire, showing the interconnected web as multiple components that can be fixed to the rim assembly;

[0016] Figure 6 It is along Figure 3 The line 6-6 was cut Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view of a tire, showing a single interconnected web spanning the axial width of the tire;

[0017] Figure 7 It is similar to Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional view of another tire of the tire shows the steel belt mounted relative to the interconnecting web.

[0018] Figure 8 It is similar to Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional view of another tire, showing the steel belt mounted relative to the tread;

[0019] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A partial cross-sectional view of the tire, showing the steel strip mounted relative to the tread and undergoing plastic deformation due to the load applied by the lugs;

[0020] Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire with an exemplary buffer block;

[0021] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A partial cross-sectional view of the tire shows the buffer block that prevents plastic deformation of the steel belt mounted relative to the tread when subjected to a load from the bump;

[0022] Figure 12 This is a partial cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a tire having another exemplary buffer block;

[0023] Figure 13 This is a partial cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a tire having yet another exemplary buffer block;

[0024] Figure 14 This is a partial cross-sectional view of yet another alternative embodiment of a tire having yet another exemplary buffer block;

[0025] Figure 15 It includes Figure 12 A partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary buffer block and also including the tire sidewalls of another alternative embodiment;

[0026] Figure 16 This is a partial cross-sectional view of yet another alternative embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire having yet another exemplary buffer block;

[0027] Figure 17This is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire with yet another exemplary buffer block;

[0028] Figure 18 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a non-pneumatic tire known in the prior art, showing multiple interconnected webs arranged in the axial direction of the tire;

[0029] Figure 19 yes Figure 18 A partial cross-sectional view of a tire, showing a steel strip mounted relative to the tread and undergoing plastic deformation due to the load applied by the bumps;

[0030] Figure 20 This is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire with another exemplary buffer block;

[0031] Figure 21 yes Figure 20 A partial cross-sectional view of the tire shows the buffer block that prevents plastic deformation of the steel belt mounted relative to the tread when subjected to a load from the bump;

[0032] Figure 22 This is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire including another exemplary buffer block;

[0033] Figure 23 This is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire including another exemplary buffer block;

[0034] Figure 24 This is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire, including yet another exemplary buffer block; and

[0035] Figure 25 This is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire that includes yet another exemplary buffer block.

[0036] Figure 26 This is a perspective cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire;

[0037] Figure 27 yes Figure 26 A perspective view of a non-pneumatic tire, with the outer rim and tread removed for illustrative purposes;

[0038] Figure 28 yes Figure 27 An exploded perspective view;

[0039] Figures 29A to 29C This is a front view of a non-pneumatic tire with an alternative support structure, in which a portion of the non-pneumatic tire is hidden to show the support structure;

[0040] Figure 30This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for assembling a non-pneumatic tire;

[0041] Figure 31 An exploded perspective view of an alternative implementation scheme for a non-pneumatic tire;

[0042] Figure 31A yes Figure 31 A plan view of a portion of a non-pneumatic tire; and

[0043] Figure 32 This is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary process for assembling a non-pneumatic tire. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following includes definitions of the selected terms used herein. These definitions include various examples or forms of components that fall within the scope of the terms and can be used in implementation. The examples are not intended to be limiting. Both singular and plural forms of the terms are included in the definitions.

[0045] "Axial" and "axially" refer to the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.

[0046] "Circumferential" and "circumferential" refer to the direction perpendicular to the axial direction that extends circumferentially along the surface of the tire tread.

[0047] "Radial" and "radially" refer to the direction perpendicular to the tire's axis of rotation.

[0048] As used in this article, "tread" refers to the part of a tire that comes into contact with the road or ground under normal inflation and load conditions.

[0049] Although similar terms are used in the following description to describe common tire components, it should be understood that, as these terms carry slightly different meanings, those skilled in the art will not consider any of the following terms to be completely interchangeable with another term used to describe common tire components.

[0050] Direction is defined in this document with reference to the tire's axis of rotation. The terms "upward" and "upwardly" refer to the general direction toward the tire's tread, while "downward" and "downwardly" refer to the general direction toward the tire's axis of rotation. Therefore, when relative directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" or "top" and "bottom" are used in conjunction with other elements, the "upper" or "top" element is spatially closer to the tread than the "lower" or "bottom" element. Furthermore, when relative directional terms such as "above" or "below" are used in conjunction with other elements, if one element is "above" another element, it means that the element is closer to the tread than the other elements.

[0051] The terms "inward" and "inner" refer to the general direction toward the equatorial plane of the tire, while "outward" and "outer" refer to the general direction away from the equatorial plane of the tire and toward the sidewall of the tire. Therefore, when relative directional terms such as "inner" and "outer" are used in conjunction with an element, the "inner" element is spatially closer to the equatorial plane of the tire than the "outer" element.

[0052] Figure 1 and Figure 2 An embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire 10 known in the prior art is shown. The non-pneumatic tire 10 is merely an exemplary illustration of a tire and is not intended to be limiting.

[0053] In the illustrated embodiment, the non-pneumatic tire 10 includes a generally annular inner ring 20 having an inner surface 23 and an outer surface 24, and a generally annular outer ring 30 having an inner surface 33 and an outer surface 34. The generally annular inner ring 20 and the generally annular outer ring 30 may be made of a crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymer. In this disclosure, the term "polymer" refers to a crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymer.

[0054] The non-pneumatic tire 10 also includes an interconnecting web 40 that connects a generally annular inner ring 20 and a generally annular outer ring 30. The interconnecting web 40 is a support structure that extends radially from the outer surface 24 of the generally annular inner ring 20 to the inner surface 33 of the generally annular outer ring 30.

[0055] In the illustrated embodiment, the interconnecting web 40 has at least two radially adjacent layers 56, 58 defining web elements 42, 44 with a plurality of generally polygonal openings 50. In an alternative embodiment, a plurality of spokes or other perforated support structures may connect the inner ring 20 to the outer ring 30.

[0056] In one embodiment, the generally annular inner ring 20 and the generally annular outer ring 30 are made of the same material as the interconnecting web 40. The generally annular inner ring 20, the generally annular outer ring 30, and the interconnecting web 40 may be manufactured by injection molding or compression molding, casting, additive manufacturing, or any other method known in the art.

[0057] The inner surface 23 of the generally annular inner ring 20 is configured to engage a rim assembly (not shown) to which the tire 10 is mounted. The tread layer 70 is attached to the outer surface 34 of the generally annular outer ring 30. Attachment can be accomplished by adhesive bonding, chemical bonding, or other methods commonly available in the art.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the outer ring 30 can be configured to deform in the region 48 surrounding and including the imprint area 32 of the tread layer 70, which reduces vibration and increases the ride comfort of the tire 10.

[0059] Figure 3 A front view of another embodiment of a tire 100 known in the prior art is shown, the tire having a generally annular inner ring 110, a generally annular outer ring 120, and an internal support structure presented in the form of a flexible interconnected web 130 extending between the inner ring 110 and the outer ring 120. The flexible interconnected web 130 is formed by a plurality of web elements 135 defining polygonal openings 140. In this particular embodiment, the web elements 135 form a plurality of hexagonal and substantially trapezoidal shapes, including an external series of alternating hexagonal and trapezoidal openings and an internal series of alternating hexagonal and trapezoidal openings. It should be understood that... Figures 1 to 3 The geometry shown is merely exemplary, and any geometry may be used. Similarly, multiple spokes, web members, chambers, or other side-opening support structures may be used instead of interconnecting webs. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the discussion of interconnecting web 130 is intended to refer to the interconnecting web 130 shown and the multiple spokes, web members, chambers, or other side-opening support structures. Thus, for convenience and not limitation, the interconnecting web 130 shown may be multiple spokes, web members, chambers, or other side-opening support structures without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0060] Figure 3 A tire 100 is also shown mounted on a rim assembly 150 located at a generally annular inner ring 110. The rim assembly 150 is rotatable about a rotation axis 155 (as indicated by arrow A). Rotation can be transmitted by the vehicle's axle or other means to rotate the tire 100. A tread 170 is attached to a generally annular outer ring 120. The tread 170 may be made of rubber or other elastic materials.

[0061] Figure 4 It shows the components as a whole. Figure 3 The interconnecting web 130 of the tire 100, the interconnecting web can be as follows Figure 3 The axially mounted web 130 is shown on the rim assembly 150. The interconnecting web 130 may be formed, molded, manufactured, or assembled in one or more ways to provide an integral, circumferentially continuous structure. Figure 5 The following are shown as multiple components 115a to 115d Figure 3 The tire 100 has interconnected webs 130, which can be radially fixed to the rim assembly 150. Each component 115a, 115b, 115c, 115d of the interconnected webs 130 can be formed, molded, manufactured, or assembled into one or more independent segments, each of which can be independently mounted on the circumferential portion of the rim assembly 150.

[0062] Figure 6 It is along Figure 3 The line 6-6 was cut Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view of the tire 100 shows a single interconnected web 130 spanning the axial width of the tire 100. Figure 7 It is similar to Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional view of another tire 100a of tire 100 shows a belt 125 mounted relative to the interconnecting web 130. The belt 125 extends circumferentially around tire 100a and intersects the axis 155 of tire 100a (see [link to original text]). Figure 3 In one embodiment, the belt 125 is a shear belt. That is, the belt 125 may be formed of a pair of non-stretchable layers (such as cords of steel, nylon, or other metals or polymers, or sheets of steel, nylon, or other metals or polymers) separated by stretchable members (such as rubber or other elastomeric materials). Alternatively, the belt 125 may be a metal belt, such as a steel belt, but other materials may also be used. The belt 125 is shown as being embedded within the annular outer ring 120, but the belt 125 may be mounted on the outer diameter of the annular outer ring 120 or on the inner diameter of the annular outer ring 120.

[0063] Figure 8 It is similar to Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional view of another tire 100b of tire 100 shows a belt 125 mounted relative to the tread 170. As shown, the belt 125 is embedded within the tread 170. The belt 125 here is substantially the same as the one referenced above. Figure 7 The described belt 125 is identical, including all alternative embodiments. Although the belt 125 shown is encapsulated in tread rubber 170, in alternative embodiments, the belt is arranged between the outer ring and the tread rubber.

[0064] During operation, tire 100b is subjected to a variety of load conditions, including normal loads and, in some cases, extreme loads. In this disclosure, a normal load can subject one or more components of tire 100b to a load within the elastic range of the material in which those components are made, while an extreme load can subject one or more components of tire 100b to a load greater than the elastic limit of that material. In this disclosure, the elastic limit of a material is the maximum extent to which a solid can be loaded or stretched without permanent changes in size or shape (e.g., deformation). Loads exceeding the elastic limit of a material can cause plastic deformation, where the material undergoes permanent deformation based on stresses exceeding its yield strength. For example, tire 100b may be subjected to normal loads when operating on a smooth road surface, while it may be subjected to extreme loads when operating on a road surface including potholes, cracks, rocks, and other debris (generally referred to herein as “bumps”).

[0065] Figure 9 yes Figure 8A partial cross-sectional view of tire 100b shows a belt 125 mounted relative to tread 170 and undergoing plastic deformation due to the load applied by lug 200. Once plastically deformed, belt 125 is damaged, and tire 100b becomes unusable. In particular, when a load or force greater than its elastic limit is applied, one or more of the interconnecting web 130, multiple spokes, web members, chambers or other side-opening support structures, annular inner ring 110, annular outer ring 120, and rim assembly 150 undergo plastic deformation. When tire 100b encounters lug 200, one or more of the interconnecting web 130, multiple spokes, web members, chambers or other side-opening support structures, annular inner ring 110, annular outer ring 120, and rim assembly 150 are subjected to load, and in some cases, to extreme loads that lead to plastic deformation. In the illustrated embodiment, lug 200 causes plastic deformation of belt 125 at 205. Plastic deformation can cause tire 100b to malfunction for its intended purpose or may render tire 100b inoperable. Therefore, there is a need for buffer blocks to control, reduce, eliminate, and prevent plastic deformation of non-pneumatic tires.

[0066] Figure 10 A buffer block 300, 301 is shown for a non-pneumatic tire 101 having a rotational axis relative to the tire 101 (see [reference]). Figure 3 A single interconnected web 130 (axis 155) is centrally located along the width of the tire 101. A buffer block 300 is positioned on a first axial side of the interconnected web 130, and a buffer block 301 is positioned on an opposing axial side of the interconnected web 130. The buffer block 300 includes an inner member 310 extending radially outward from an inner annular ring 110 and an outer member 320 extending radially inward from an outer annular ring 120. The inner member 310 can be secured to the surface 111 of the inner ring 110 by mechanical fasteners, adhesives, welding, brazing, or chemical bonding processes, the chemical bonding process including heating or other bonding methods. The outer member 320 can be secured to the surface 121 of the outer ring 120 in the same or similar manner.

[0067] The inner member 310 and the outer member 320 extend radially to a distance defined between the inner annular ring 110 and the outer annular ring 120. A gap is defined between the radially outer surface of the inner member 310 and the radially inner surface of the outer member 320. In an illustrated embodiment, the inner member 310 includes a compliant end 311 defining the radially outer surface of the inner member 310, and the outer member 320 includes a compliant end 321 defining the radially inner surface of the outer member 320.

[0068] Similarly, buffer blocks 301 positioned on opposite axial sides of interconnecting webs 130 include the same or similar features as buffer blocks 300. For example, buffer block 301 includes an inner member 330 and an outer member 340, the inner member having a compliant end 331 defining a radially outer surface of the inner member 330, and the outer member having a compliant end 341 defining a radially inner surface of the outer member 340. The radially outer surface faces the radially inner surface, defining a gap between the radially outer surface of the inner member 330 and the radially inner surface of the outer member 340. The first members 310, 330 and the second members 320, 340 are made of a load-bearing material (e.g., metal, steel, polymer) configured to withstand a predetermined load. The compliant ends 311, 321, 331, 341 may be made of a flexible material such as rubber or an elastomer and are configured to elastically deform more than the load-bearing material of the first members 310, 330 and the second members 320, 340 when subjected to a predetermined load. Therefore, the elastic modulus of the compliant ends 311, 321, 331, and 341 is less than that of the internal components 310 and 330 and the external components 320 and 340.

[0069] Figure 11 It shows Figure 10 The non-pneumatic tire 101 is subjected to a load from the bump 200. For example... Figure 10 As shown on the right, the buffer block 301 prevents the belt 125 from being subjected to loads exceeding its elastic limit. Specifically, the radially outer surface of the inner member 330 faces and abuts the radially inner surface of the outer member 340 at the joint 337. The inner member 330 and the outer member 340 are configured to prevent plastic deformation of the belt 125 and other components of the tire 101 (e.g., the annular outer ring 120, the interconnecting web 130, and the annular inner ring 110). While not intended to be theoretically constrained, the buffer block 301 shown limits deformation of the belt 125, the web member 130 (or spokes or other support structures), and other components of the tire 101, thereby preventing the belt 125 and other components from being subjected to stresses exceeding their respective elastic limits.

[0070] Will Figure 9 Tire 100b and Figure 11 Compared to tire 101, Figure 9 Tire 100b in the middle is more resistant to load than bump 200 when subjected to load. Figure 11The tire 101 undergoes greater deformation because the buffer block 301 restricts deformation when the radially outer surface of the inner member 330 abuts the radially inner surface of the outer member 340 at the joint 337. Each exemplary buffer block described herein may be manufactured as a solid circumferential continuous structure, a circumferential continuous structure having one or more openings (e.g., circular, rectangular, triangular, or other polygonal shaped openings), or a circumferentially discontinuous structure with radial segments, or as a plurality of radially extending rods or other protrusions.

[0071] Figures 12 to 15 Other exemplary embodiments of the buffer block for non-pneumatic tires 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d are shown. Figure 12 In this tire 101a, buffer blocks 302 and 303 are included. Buffer block 302 includes a planar interior member 350 extending from a surface 111 of an inner annular ring 110. The planar interior member 350 includes a compliant end 351 defining a radially outer surface that faces and is configured to abut a surface 121 of an outer annular ring 120. Similarly, buffer block 303 includes a planar interior member 355 extending from a surface 111 of an inner annular ring 110 and includes a compliant end 356 defining a radially outer surface that faces and is configured to abut a surface 121 of an outer annular ring 120. Each radially outer surface is spaced apart from a surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120, thereby defining a corresponding gap.

[0072] When subjected to load, one or both gaps can close, such that the corresponding radially outer surfaces abut the surface 121 of the annular outer ring 120, thereby limiting the deformation of the belt 125, the web member 130 (or spokes or other support structures), and other components of the tire 101a. As described above, this limits the deformation of the belt 125, keeps the stress it experiences below the elastic limit of the component, and prevents plastic deformation. Although shown extending from the surface 111 of the annular inner ring 110, in other embodiments, one or both of the buffer blocks 302, 303 may be reversed to extend from the surface 121 of the annular outer ring 120. In such a configuration, the buffer block will prevent plastic deformation by abutting the surface 111 of the annular inner ring 110 when subjected to load.

[0073] exist Figure 13In this tire 101b, buffer blocks 304 and 305 are included. Buffer block 304 includes a non-planar internal member 360 extending from surface 111 of an annular inner ring 110. The non-planar internal member 360 includes a compliant end 361 defining a radially outer surface spaced apart from surface 121. Similarly, buffer block 305 includes a non-planar internal member 365 extending from surface 111 of an annular inner ring 110 and includes a compliant end 366 defining a radially outer surface spaced apart from surface 121. When the tire 101b is subjected to extreme loads, each radially outer surface is configured to abut surface 121 of the annular outer ring 120. When one or both gaps close and the corresponding radially outer surface abuts surface 121 of the annular outer ring 120, the non-planar internal members 360 and 365 can bend in a predetermined direction defined by the non-planar structure of the member.

[0074] In the illustrated embodiment, each non-planar inner member 360, 365 is pre-bent in a direction away from the circumferential axis of the tire 101b. When a load is applied, the pre-bent non-planar inner members 360, 365 are configured to bend away from the circumferential axis of the tire 101b, thereby guiding the deformation of members 360, 365 away from the tire 101b and avoiding contact with the interconnecting web 130. Other non-planar shapes and forms may be used to define the predetermined manner or direction of deformation of the buffer blocks 304, 305, such as triangles, rhombuses, and other curved profiles. Although shown extending from the surface 111 of the inner annular ring 110, in other embodiments, one or both of the buffer blocks 304, 305 may be reversed to extend from the surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120. In such a configuration, when subjected to a load, the buffer block will abut the surface 111 of the inner annular ring 110 to prevent plastic deformation of the belt 125 and other components of the tire 101b. Non-planar buffer blocks can be used in conjunction with other buffer blocks described herein, including buffer blocks shown in planar outlines.

[0075] Figure 14 Another example of tire 101c is shown, which includes bumpers 306 and 307. (Compared to...) Figure 12 Similar to the buffer block 302 shown, the buffer block 306 includes a planar internal member 350 extending from the surface 111 of the annular inner ring 110. Figure 14In the illustrated embodiment, the planar inner member 350 includes a compliant end 371 abutting the surface 121 of the annular outer ring 120. The compliant end 371 includes a radially outer surface that faces and abuts the surface 121 at a junction 373. Similarly, the buffer block 307 includes a planar inner member 355 and a compliant end 377, the planar inner member extending from the surface 111 of the annular inner ring 110, the compliant end abutting the surface 121 of the annular outer ring 120. The compliant end 377 includes a radially outer surface that faces and abuts the surface 121 at a junction 378. The radially outer surfaces of the compliant ends 371, 377 may be attached (e.g., glued, bonded, fastened) to the surface 121 of the annular outer ring 120, or may be positioned to contact the surface 121 without being attached to it. As shown, by providing the radially outer surfaces of the compliant ends 371, 377 of the surface 121 adjacent to the annular outer ring 120, the buffer blocks 306, 307 (i.e., the planar internal members 350, 355 and the compliant ends 371, 377) occupy the entire space between the surface 111 of the annular inner ring 110 and the surface 121 of the annular outer ring 120 without any gap between them.

[0076] Because the interconnecting web 130 is side-opening, road dirt, water, sand, mud, or other debris can accumulate on or inside the openings in the structure. For example, regarding Figure 12 Debris can enter through the gap between buffer blocks 306 and 307 and accumulate on the interconnecting web 130. However, regarding Figure 14 Because the planar internal components 350, 355 and compliant ends 371, 377 occupy the entire space between the surface 111 of the inner ring 110 and the surface 121 of the outer ring 120, the interconnecting web 130 is isolated from the environment, and the buffer blocks 306, 307 prevent debris from accumulating on the interconnecting web 130.

[0077] Figure 15 Another embodiment of tire 101d is provided, which includes a reference Figure 12 The buffer blocks 302 and 303 are described. Additionally... Figure 15 The illustrated embodiment includes sidewalls 384 and 389. Sidewalls 384 and 389 are not intended to bear significant loads and may be made of compliant materials (e.g., rubber, elastomers) to be both flexible and durable. Similar to... Figure 14 The buffer blocks 306 and 307, with sidewalls 384 and 389, occupy the entire space between the surface 111 of the inner annular ring 110 and the surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120. Each sidewall 384 and 389 may be attached (e.g., glued, bonded, fastened) to the surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120 and the surface 111 of the inner annular ring 110.

[0078] In other embodiments (not shown), one or both sidewalls 384, 389 may be attached (e.g., glued, bonded, fastened) to the outermost axial direction of either the inner annular ring 110 or the outer annular ring 120. In other embodiments (not shown), one or both sidewalls 384, 389 may be attached (e.g., glued, bonded, fastened) to the tread 170 or the rim assembly 150. In another embodiment, one or both sidewalls 384, 389 may be attached (e.g., glued, bonded, fastened) to the planar internal members 350, 355 of the bump blocks 302, 303. Thus, sidewalls 384, 389 isolate the interconnected web 130 from the environment and prevent debris from accumulating on the interconnected web 130. As an additional benefit, sidewalls 384, 389 can provide a visual appearance for the tire 101d that can be appreciated by customers accustomed to the three-dimensional appearance of the sidewalls of pneumatic tires.

[0079] Figure 16 Another example of buffer blocks 401, 402 for a non-pneumatic tire 102 is shown, the non-pneumatic tire having an axis of rotation relative to the tire 102 (see [link]). Figure 3 A single interconnected web 130 (axis 155) is centrally located along the width of the tire 102. A buffer block 401 is positioned on a first axial side of the interconnected web 130, and a buffer block 402 is positioned on the opposite axial side of the interconnected web 130. The buffer block 401 includes an internal member 410 extending radially outward from an annular inner ring 110. The internal member 410 can be secured to the surface 111 of the inner ring 110 using mechanical fasteners, adhesives, welding, brazing, or chemical bonding processes. Chemical bonding processes may include heating or other bonding methods.

[0080] The inner member 410 extends radially from the inner annular ring 110. In the illustrated embodiment, the buffer block 401 extends beyond the outer annular ring 120. In another embodiment, the buffer block 401 does not extend beyond the outer annular ring 120. The radially outer surface 412 of the inner member 410 faces the road surface and is offset from the surface of the tread 170. Therefore, the compliant end 411 defining the radially outer surface 412 of the inner member 410 is oriented to directly contact the bump and absorb extreme loads caused by the bump.

[0081] Similarly, the bump 420 on the opposite axial side of tire 102 includes an inner member 420 extending radially from the inner annular ring 110. In the illustrated embodiment, the bump 402 extends beyond the outer annular ring 120. In another embodiment, the bump 402 does not extend beyond the outer annular ring 120. The radially outer surface 412 of the inner member 420 faces the road surface and is offset from the tread 170, and the compliant end 421 defines a radially outer surface 422 of the inner member 420 oriented to directly contact the bump and absorb extreme loads caused by the bump.

[0082] The radially outer surfaces 412, 422 of each internal component 410, 420 are located at a greater radial distance from the axis of tire 102 than from the annular outer ring 120. Therefore, the bumps 401, 402 will apply load by the bumps before the annular outer ring 120, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the outer ring 120 and the interconnecting web 130. In other embodiments, the radially outer surfaces 412, 422 of each internal component 410, 420 may be located at a smaller radial distance from the axis of tire 102 than from the annular outer ring 120, or at a greater radial distance from the axis of tire 102 than from the circumferential position of the belt 125.

[0083] Because the radially outer surfaces 412 and 422 of the inner components 410 and 420 face the road surface, extreme loads are transferred to the inner ring 110 through the inner component 410 without structurally altering the interconnecting web 130. Therefore, the buffer blocks 401 and 402 can be aftermarket accessories that can be added to existing non-pneumatic tires. Furthermore, the buffer blocks 401 and 402 can be removed from the tire 102. For example, the inner components 410 and 420 can be fastened to the inner ring 110 with removable fasteners (e.g., bolts, clamps), allowing the buffer blocks 401 and 402 to be removed when not needed and to be repaired or replaced if damaged.

[0084] Figure 17 It shows something similar to Figure 16 Another embodiment of the tire 103 of the tire 102 shown differs in that the buffer block 403 is centrally positioned relative to the axis of the tire 103 and the interconnecting webs 130 are disposed on either side of the buffer block 403. Therefore, the tire 103 includes an inner ring 110, a first interconnecting web 130a, and a second interconnecting web 130b. The first interconnecting web is formed by a plurality of first web elements 135a defining a first polygonal opening 140a, and the second interconnecting web is formed by a plurality of web elements 135b defining a polygonal opening 140b. Each interconnecting web 130a, 130b has a corresponding annular outer ring 120a, 120b, tread 170a, 170b, and belt 125a, 125b.

[0085] The buffer block 403 includes an inner member 430 extending radially from the inner annular ring 110. In the illustrated embodiment, the buffer block 401 extends beyond the outer annular ring 120. In an alternative embodiment, the buffer block 401 does not extend beyond the outer annular ring 120. The radially outer surface 432 of the inner member 430 faces the road surface and is offset from the surfaces of the treads 170a, 170b. Therefore, the compliant end 431 defining the radially outer surface 432 of the inner member 430 is oriented to directly contact the bump and absorb extreme loads caused by the bump.

[0086] Figure 17 The tire 103 shown can be manufactured by starting construction from one axial side and sequentially constructing the tire 103 to complete on opposite axial sides. For example, the first interconnecting web 130a, the buffer block 403, and the second interconnecting web 130b can be constructed as continuous annular parts (see...). Figure 4 These annular parts are sequentially axially aligned on assembly 150. Similarly, buffer block 403 can be constructed as a continuous annular part on assembly 150, and then each interconnecting web 130a, 130b can be added to assembly 150 on either axial side of buffer block 403. Alternatively, the first interconnecting web 130a and the second interconnecting web 130b can be constructed on assembly 150, and buffer block 403 can then be used as a separate component by radially securing each component to assembly 150 (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 5 Add to assembly 150.

[0087] Figure 18 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a non-pneumatic tire 104 known in the prior art. Tire 104 is similar to non-pneumatic tire 100b (see [link]). Figure 8 The difference is that the interconnecting web 130 of tire 104 includes a first interconnecting web 130a, a second interconnecting web 130b, and a third interconnecting web 130c, instead of a single interconnecting web 130. The first interconnecting web is formed by a plurality of first web elements 135a defining a first polygonal opening 140a, the second interconnecting web is formed by a plurality of first web elements 135b defining a first polygonal opening 140b, and the third interconnecting web is formed by a plurality of first web elements 135c defining a first polygonal opening 140c. (See reference...) Figure 9 As described in Tire 100b, Figure 19 Similarly, it shows the possibility of plastic deformation of the belt 125 of tire 104 at 205 when tire 104 is subjected to extreme load of bump 200.

[0088] Figure 20 A partial cross-sectional view of a non-pneumatic tire 105 with exemplary buffer blocks 500, 501 is shown. The buffer blocks 500, 501 are positioned relative to the axis of rotation of the tire 105 (see [reference]). Figure 3A buffer block 500, laterally disposed between the first interconnecting web 130a and the second interconnecting web 130b and the third interconnecting web 130c along the width of the tire 104 (axis 155). The buffer block 500 includes an inner member 510 extending radially outward from an inner annular ring 110 and an outer member 520 extending radially inward from an outer annular ring 120. The inner member 510 can be secured to the surface 111 of the inner ring 110 using mechanical fasteners, adhesives, welding, brazing, or chemical bonding processes, the latter including heating or other bonding methods. The outer member 520 can be secured to the surface 121 of the outer ring 120 in the same or similar manner. The inner member 510 and the outer member 520 extend to a radial distance defined between the inner annular ring 110 and the outer annular ring 120. A gap is defined between the radially outer surface of the inner member 510 and the radially inner surface of the outer member 520. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner member 510 includes a compliant end 511 defining a radially outer surface of the inner member 510, and the outer member 520 includes a compliant end 521 defining a radially inner surface of the outer member 520.

[0089] Similarly, the buffer block 501, laterally positioned between the second interconnecting web 130b and the third interconnecting web 130c, includes the same or similar features as the buffer block 500. For example, the buffer block 501 includes an inner member 530 and an outer member 540, the inner member having a compliant end 531 defining a radially outer surface of the inner member 530, and the outer member having a compliant end 541 defining a radially inner surface of the outer member 540. The radially outer surface faces the radially inner surface, defining a gap between the radially outer surface of the inner member 530 and the radially inner surface of the outer member 540. The buffer blocks 500 and 501 on the tire 105 are made of the same or similar materials for reasons consistent with the previously referenced... Figure 10 and Figure 11 The tire 101 shown has the same or similar features as the one described above, which has buffer blocks 300 and 301.

[0090] Figure 21 It shows Figure 20 The non-pneumatic tire 105 is subjected to a load from the bump 200. For example... Figure 21As shown on the right, the buffer block 501 prevents the belt 125 from being subjected to loads exceeding its elastic limit. Specifically, the radially outer surface of the inner member 530 abuts the radially inner surface of the outer member 540 at the joint 537. The inner member 530 and the outer member 540 are configured to prevent plastic deformation of the belt 125, the web member 130 (or spokes or other support structures), and other components of the tire 105 (e.g., the annular outer ring 120, the interconnecting web 130, and the annular inner ring 110). While not intended to be theoretically constrained, the buffer block 501 shown limits deformation of the belt 125 and other components of the tire 105, thereby preventing the belt 125 and other components from being subjected to stresses exceeding their respective elastic limits.

[0091] Will Figure 19 Tire 104 and Figure 21 Compared to tire 105, Figure 19 Tire 104 in the middle is more than when subjected to the load of bump 200. Figure 21 The tire 105 undergoes greater deformation because the buffer block 501 of the tire 105 restricts deformation when the radially outer surface of the inner member 530 abuts the radially inner surface of the outer member 540 at the joint 537.

[0092] Figures 22 to 25 Other exemplary embodiments of the buffer block for tires 105a, 105b, 105c, and 105d are shown. Figure 22 In this tire 105a, buffer blocks 502 and 503 are included. Buffer block 502 includes a planar internal member 550 extending from surface 111 of an inner annular ring 110. Planar internal member 550 includes a compliant end 551 defining a radially outer surface configured to abut surface 121 of an outer annular ring 120. Similarly, buffer block 503 includes a planar internal member 555 extending from surface 111 of an inner annular ring 110 and includes a compliant end 556 defining a radially outer surface configured to abut surface 121 of an outer annular ring 120. Each radially outer surface is spaced apart from surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120, thereby defining a corresponding gap. Under load, one or both gaps can close, such that the corresponding radially outer surface abuts surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120, thereby limiting deformation of the belt 125 and other components of the tire 105a. As described above, the deformation of the band 125 is limited to keep the stress it experiences below the elastic limit of the component and to prevent plastic deformation.

[0093] Figure 23A tire 105b including buffer blocks 504 and 505 is shown. As shown, buffer blocks 504 and 505 each include planar outer members 560 and 565 and compliant ends 561 and 566, respectively. The planar outer members extend from surface 121 of the outer ring 120, and the compliant ends define radial inner surfaces configured to abut surface 111 of the inner ring 110. Each radial inner surface is spaced apart from surface 111 of the inner ring 110, thereby defining a corresponding gap. In this configuration, one or both buffer blocks 504 and 505 will prevent plastic deformation of the belt 125 and other components of the tire 105 by abutting surface 111 of the inner ring 110 when subjected to load.

[0094] Figure 24 A tire 105c including buffer blocks 506 and 507 is shown. As shown, buffer block 506 includes an outer planar member 570 and a compliant end 571 extending from a surface 121 of an annular outer ring 120. The compliant end defines a radially inner surface spaced apart from a surface 111 of an annular inner ring 110, thereby defining a gap. The radially inner surface faces and is configured to abut the surface 111 of the annular inner ring 110. Buffer block 507 includes an inner planar member 580 and a compliant end 581 extending from a surface 111 of the annular inner ring 110. The compliant end defines a radially outer surface spaced apart from a surface 121 of the annular outer ring 120, thereby defining a gap. The radially outer surface faces and is configured to abut the surface 121 of the annular inner ring 120. In this configuration, buffer block 506 prevents plastic deformation of the belt 125 and other components of the tire 105c by abutting the surface 111 of the inner annular ring 110 under load, and buffer block 507 prevents plastic deformation of the belt 125 and other components of the tire 105c by abutting the surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120 under load. While not intended to be theoretically constrained, this configuration helps to distribute stress across the entire tire 105c, thereby reducing the maximum stress experienced by any one or more components.

[0095] Figure 25The tire 105d includes buffer blocks 601 and 602. As shown, buffer block 601 includes a member 610 circumferentially disposed between a surface 111 of an inner ring 110 and a surface 121 of an outer ring 120, and axially disposed between a first interconnecting web 130a and a second interconnecting web 130b. Buffer block 601 includes an inner compliant end 613 defining a radially inner surface spaced from the surface 111 of the inner ring 110, thereby defining a gap. The radially inner surface faces and is configured to abut the surface 111 of the inner ring 110. Buffer block 601 also includes an outer compliant end 611 defining a radially outer surface spaced from the surface 121 of the outer ring 120, thereby defining a gap. The radially outer surface faces and is configured to abut the surface 121 of the outer ring 120.

[0096] Similarly, the buffer block 602 includes a member 620 circumferentially disposed between the surface 111 of the inner annular ring 110 and the surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120, and axially disposed between the second interconnecting web 130b and the third interconnecting web 130c. The buffer block 602 includes an inner compliant end 623 defining a radially inner surface spaced from the surface 111 of the inner annular ring 110, thereby defining a gap. The radially inner surface faces and is configured to abut the surface 111 of the inner annular ring 110. The buffer block 602 also includes an outer compliant end 621 defining a radially outer surface spaced from the surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120, thereby defining a gap. The radially outer surface faces and is configured to abut the surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120. In this type of construction, one or two buffer blocks 601, 602 will prevent plastic deformation of the belt 125 and other components of the tire 105d by abutting the surfaces 111 of the inner ring 110 and 121 of the outer ring 120 when subjected to load.

[0097] In the illustrated embodiment, buffer blocks 601 and 602 are floating buffer blocks. Floating means that buffer blocks 601 and 602 are not structurally fixed, but rather float radially and axially. As shown, buffer blocks 601 and 602 float radially within the space defined between the outer surface 111 of the inner annular ring 110 and the inner surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120. Buffer block 601 floats axially within the space defined between the first interconnecting web 130a and the second interconnecting web 130b, and buffer block 602 floats axially within the space defined between the second interconnecting web 130b and the third interconnecting web 130c.

[0098] In other embodiments (not shown), one or both buffer blocks 601, 602 may be radially floating and axially fixed, radially fixed and axially floating, or radially and axially fixed. For example, a radially fixed embodiment of buffer block 601 may include one or more supports extending from buffer block 601 to at least one of the outer surface 111 of the inner annular ring 110 and the inner surface 121 of the outer annular ring 120. An axially fixed embodiment of buffer block 601 may include one or more supports extending from buffer block 601 to at least one of the first interconnecting web 130a and the second interconnecting web 130b.

[0099] Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the features described herein with respect to various types of non-pneumatic tires may be used individually or in combination with each other to provide one or more buffer blocks for controlling, reducing, eliminating and preventing plastic deformation of non-pneumatic tires.

[0100] Figures 26 to 28 An embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire 700 is shown. The non-pneumatic tire 700 includes a lower ring 702 having a first diameter and an upper ring 704 having a second diameter greater than the first diameter. The upper ring 704 is substantially coaxial with the lower ring 702. A support structure 706 extends between the lower ring 702 and the upper ring 704 and connects the lower ring to the upper ring.

[0101] In the illustrated embodiment, the upper ring 704 is a single component. In an alternative embodiment, the upper ring may include two or more discrete portions. A circumferential tread 707 is disposed around the upper ring 704. The tread 707 may include tread elements such as grooves, ribs, blocks, lugs, wide slots, studs, and other elements. Shear bands or other shear elements or reinforcing structures (not shown) may be disposed between the upper ring 704 and the tread 707. In an alternative embodiment, a separate tread may be omitted, and alternatively, the tread elements may be formed directly on the upper ring.

[0102] The lower circle 702 includes a discrete first part 702a and a discrete second part 702b. For example... Figure 28 As best shown, the first portion 702a includes a main cylindrical portion 708a having a first end 710a and a second end 712a. A flange 714a is disposed at the second end 712a. The flange 714a extends radially downward from the second end 712a. In an alternative embodiment, the flange may be axially offset from the second end. In yet another alternative embodiment, the flange may extend radially upward. The flange 714a includes a plurality of fastener holes 716a. The fastener holes 716a are circumferentially spaced apart from each other around the flange 714a.

[0103] In the illustrated embodiment, the first end 710a of the main cylindrical portion 708a has no flange. However, in an alternative embodiment, the first end may have a flange similar to that of flange 714a. The flange at the first end may also include a hole.

[0104] The second portion 702b also includes a main cylindrical portion 708b extending between the first end 710b and the second end 712b. A flange 714b is disposed at the second end 712b. The flange 714b of the second portion 702b extends radially downward from the second end 712b. In an alternative embodiment, the flange may be axially offset from the second end. In another alternative embodiment, the flange may extend radially upward. The flange 714b includes a plurality of fastener holes 716b. The fastener holes 716b are circumferentially spaced apart from each other around the flange 714b. The spacing of the fastener holes 714b of the second portion 702b is substantially equal to the spacing of the fastener holes 716a of the first portion 702a.

[0105] In the illustrated embodiment, the first end 710b of the main cylindrical portion 708b has no flange. However, in an alternative embodiment, the first end may have a flange similar to that of flange 714b. The flange at the first end may also include a hole.

[0106] In the illustrated embodiment, the first portion 702a of the lower ring 702 is substantially the same as the second portion 702b of the lower ring 702. In an alternative embodiment, the first and second portions of the lower ring may differ from each other. For example, the first portion of the lower ring may include a single flange, while the second portion of the lower ring may include two flanges. Alternatively, the flanges of the first ring may be located at corresponding second ends, while the flanges of the second ring may be axially offset from corresponding second ends.

[0107] In the illustrated embodiment, the support structure 706 includes a plurality of spokes 718. The plurality of spokes 718 are arranged into a first spoke group 718a and a second spoke group 718b. Each spoke of the first spoke group 718a has a first end 720a and a second end 722a, the first end being attached to a first portion 702a of a lower ring 702 and the second end being attached to an upper ring 704. Each spoke of the second spoke group 702b has a first end 720b and a second end 722b, the first end being attached to a second portion 702b of the lower ring 702 and the second end being attached to the upper ring 704. Non-limiting examples of how the spoke ends 720, 722 can be attached to the lower ring 702 and the upper ring 704 include adhesives, molding, or mechanical fasteners. Alternatively, the spokes 718 and at least one of the lower ring 702 and the upper ring 704 can be a single integral construction.

[0108] In the illustrated embodiment, the first end 720 of the spoke 718 is directly attached to the lower ring 702, and the second end 722 of the spoke 718 is directly attached to the upper ring 704. In an alternative embodiment, the first end 720 or the second end 722 of the spoke 718 may be indirectly attached to the lower ring 702 and the upper ring 704, respectively. For example, the spoke ends 720, 722 may be attached to the respective rings 702, 704 by means of a damper, spacer, or any other desired structure.

[0109] In the illustrated embodiment, the spokes 718 are substantially C-shaped. In alternative embodiments, the spokes can be configured in any desired shape. For example, the spokes can be substantially U-shaped, or refer to... Figure 29A The spoke 719 can be essentially V-shaped. Compared to U-shaped spokes, V-shaped spokes have a more pronounced point between the lower spoke 702 and the upper spoke 704. For example, refer to... Figure 29B The spokes 721 can be a serpentine shape with two or more bends. In other exemplary embodiments, these spokes can be any desired shape (e.g., straight spokes). The shape of the spokes can be selected to provide desired performance characteristics. In other alternative embodiments, the non-pneumatic tire can be provided with a combination of spokes with different shapes.

[0110] Reference Figure 29C In another alternative embodiment, the support structure may be configured as web member 726. Figure 29C The specific geometry of the web member 726 shown is merely exemplary. In other alternative embodiments, the web member may have any desired geometry.

[0111] The non-pneumatic tire 700 includes a first buffer block 728a, a second buffer block 728b, and a third buffer block 726c. The first buffer block 728a is disposed at a first end 710a of the main cylindrical portion 708a of the first portion 702a of the lower ring 702. The first buffer block 728a includes a lower end 730a defining a first diameter and an upper end 732a defining a second diameter. The first diameter is substantially equal to the diameter of the main cylindrical portion 708a of the first portion 702a of the lower ring 702. The second diameter is smaller than the diameter of the upper ring 704. The first buffer block 728a can be attached to the first portion 702a using adhesives, molding, mechanical fasteners, or any other desired attachment method. Alternatively, the first buffer block 728a and the first portion 702a can be a single, integral construction.

[0112] The second buffer block 728b is disposed at the first end 710b of the main cylindrical portion 708b of the second part 708b of the lower ring 702. The second buffer block 728b includes a lower end 730b defining a first diameter and an upper end 732b defining a second diameter. The first diameter is substantially equal to the diameter of the main cylindrical portion 708b of the second part 702b of the lower ring 702. The second diameter is smaller than the diameter of the upper ring 704. The second buffer block 728b can be attached to the second part 702b using adhesives, molding, mechanical fasteners, or any other desired attachment method. Alternatively, the second buffer block 728b and the second part 702b can be a single integral construction.

[0113] A third buffer block 728c is axially disposed on the lower ring 12 between the first buffer block 728a and the second buffer block 728b. The third buffer block 728c includes a lower end 730c defining a first diameter and an upper end 732c defining a second diameter. The first diameter is smaller than the diameters of the main cylindrical portions 708a and 708b of the first portion 702a and the second portion 702b of the lower ring 702, respectively. The second diameter is smaller than the diameter of the upper ring 704. A portion of the third buffer block 728c is provided with a plurality of fastener holes 731. The fastener holes 731 are circumferentially spaced equidistant from each other around the third buffer block 728c. The spacing of the fastener holes 731 of the third buffer block 728c is substantially equal to the spacing of the fastener holes 716a and 716b on the flanges 714a and 714b, respectively.

[0114] A portion of the third buffer block 728c is disposed between the flanges 714a and 714b of the first portion 702a and the second portion 702b of the lower ring 702, so as to fix the third buffer block 728c to the lower ring 702. Specifically, the fasteners respectively housed in the fastener holes 714a and 714 of the first portion 702a and the second portion 702b and the fastener hole 731 of the third buffer block 728c fix the first portion 702a and the second portion 702b together, and clamp a portion of the third buffer block 728c between them.

[0115] Therefore, in the illustrated embodiment, the first buffer block 728a, the second buffer block 728b, and the third buffer block 728c extend from the lower ring 702 toward the upper ring 704, but do not engage the upper ring 704 when the non-pneumatic tire 700 is under normal load. In an alternative embodiment, the first buffer block, the second buffer block, and the third buffer block extend from the upper ring toward the lower ring, but do not engage the lower ring when the non-pneumatic tire is under normal load.

[0116] According to this alternative embodiment, the first diameter of the first buffer block is larger than the diameter of the main cylindrical portion of the first part of the lower ring, and the second diameter of the first buffer block is substantially equal to the diameter of the upper ring. Additionally, the first diameter of the second buffer block is larger than the diameter of the main cylindrical portion of the second part of the lower ring, and the second diameter of the second buffer block is substantially equal to the diameter of the upper ring. Furthermore, the first diameter of the third buffer block is larger than the diameters of the main cylindrical portions of the first and second parts of the lower ring, respectively, and the second diameter of the third buffer block is larger than the diameter of the upper ring. According to this alternative embodiment, the upper ring includes a discrete first part and a discrete second part, and a portion of the third buffer block is sandwiched between the first and second parts. In another alternative embodiment, the upper ring may include a first part and a discrete second part, and the lower ring may be a single piece.

[0117] In yet another alternative embodiment, the non-pneumatic tire may include any combination of connections between the bumper and the rim (e.g., a first and second bumper extending from the lower rim, and a third bumper extending from the upper rim). In yet another alternative embodiment, the bumper may extend fully between the lower and upper rims. In yet another alternative embodiment, the non-pneumatic tire may include separate bumpers (i.e., bumpers extending from both the lower and upper rims toward each other and axially aligned).

[0118] In the illustrated embodiment, the lower ring 702 is shown attached to the hub 734. The hub 734 has a main portion 736 extending axially between a first end 738 and a second end 740. In the illustrated embodiment, the main portion 736 tapers radially upward in the axial direction from the first end 738 to the second end 740. The main portion 736 has a first tapered portion 742 and a second tapered portion 744. The taper angle of the first tapered portion 742 is greater than the taper angle of the second tapered portion 744. In an alternative embodiment, the main portion may taper radially downward, may have a constant taper (i.e., not having two different taper angles), or may have no taper.

[0119] A first flange 746 is disposed at a first end 738. The first flange 746 extends radially downward from the first end 738. In an alternative embodiment, the flange may be axially offset from the first end or extend radially upward. The first flange 746 includes a plurality of lugs 748. The lugs 748 are circumferentially spaced apart from each other around the first flange 746.

[0120] A second flange 750 is disposed at a second end 740. The second flange 750 extends radially upward from the second end 740. In an alternative embodiment, the second flange may be axially offset from the second end or extend radially downward. The second flange 750 includes a plurality of fastener holes 752. The fastener holes 752 are circumferentially spaced apart from each other around the second flange 750.

[0121] The spacing of the fastener holes 752 on the second flange 750 of the hub 734 is equal to the spacing of the fastener holes 714a, 714b on the first portion 702a and the second portion 702b of the lower ring 702. Therefore, fasteners used to connect the first portion 702a and the second portion 702b of the lower ring 702 can be accommodated in the fastener holes 752 of the hub 734 to secure the hub 732 to the lower ring 732. In an alternative embodiment, the spacing of the fastener holes on the hub may differ from the spacing of the fastener holes on the lower ring.

[0122] The hub 734 can be used to attach the non-pneumatic tire 700 to the vehicle. For example, the lug 748 can accommodate fasteners for attaching the non-pneumatic tire 700 to the vehicle. In an alternative embodiment, the hub can be omitted.

[0123] Reference Figure 30 The assembly will now be explained. Figures 26 to 28 The method for assembling a non-pneumatic tire 700. At 800, a first ring is formed, having a discrete first portion and a discrete second portion. Depending on the tire's construction, the first ring can be either a lower or upper ring. At 805, a buffer block is sandwiched between the first and second portions of the first ring. At 810, the second ring is connected to the first ring via a support structure. Depending on the tire's construction, if the first ring is the lower ring, the second ring is the upper ring, and vice versa. At 815, the rim is attached, completing the assembly of the non-pneumatic tire.

[0124] Figure 30 This method simplifies the manufacturing process of non-pneumatic tires with a central buffer block. Specifically, the ability to clamp the buffer block between the first and second portions of the first rim greatly simplifies the manufacturing process. Discussion of providing additional buffer blocks has been omitted from this method. However, additional buffer blocks can be provided using conventional methods (e.g., attaching the buffer block to the rim using adhesive). Figure 30 The precise method described is merely exemplary. In other alternative implementations, specific steps may occur in any desired order, or may include fewer or more steps.

[0125] Reference Figure 31 and Figure 31A An alternative embodiment of the non-pneumatic tire 1100 is shown. Figure 31 and Figure 31A The implementation scheme of the non-pneumatic tire 1100 is basically similar to Figures 26 to 28 The implementation scheme is based on the non-pneumatic tire 700. Therefore, only the differences between the implementation schemes will be discussed in detail. The same features will be identified by the same numbers increased by 1000 times.

[0126] Similar to Figures 26 to 28 The implementation scheme for the non-pneumatic tire 700, Figure 31 and Figure 31A The non-pneumatic tire 1100 includes a first buffer block 1128a, a second buffer block 1128b, and a third buffer block 1128c. However, compared with... Figures 26 to 28 Unlike the non-pneumatic tires of the 700, Figure 31 and Figure 31A The third buffer block 1128c of the non-pneumatic tire 1100 includes multiple discrete parts. Specifically, the third buffer block 1128c includes a first part 2000, a second part 2002, a third part 2004, a fourth part 2006, and a fifth part 2008.

[0127] The first component 2000 and the second component 2002 each constitute approximately 25% of the third buffer block 1128c. The first component 2000 extends circumferentially between the first end 2010 and the second end 2012. When the pneumatic tire 1100 is assembled, the first end 2010 and the second end 2012 each extend substantially parallel to the radial direction of the pneumatic tire 1100. The second component 2002 extends circumferentially between the first end 2014 and the second end 2016. When the pneumatic tire 1100 is assembled, the first end 2014 and the second end 2016 each extend substantially parallel to the radial direction of the pneumatic tire 1100.

[0128] The third part 2004 and the fifth part 2008 each constitute approximately 10% of the third buffer block 1128c. The third part 2004 extends circumferentially between the first end 2018 and the second end 2020. When the pneumatic tire 1100 is assembled, the first end 2018 extends substantially parallel to the radial direction of the pneumatic tire 1100, and the second end 2020 extends substantially perpendicular to the first end 2018. The fifth part 2008 extends circumferentially between the first end 2022 and the second end 2024. When the pneumatic tire 1100 is assembled, the second end 2024 extends substantially parallel to the radial direction of the pneumatic tire 1100, and the first end 2022 extends substantially perpendicular to the second end 2024.

[0129] The fourth part 2006 constitutes approximately 30% of the third buffer block 1128c. The fourth part 2006 extends circumferentially between the first end 2026 and the second end 2028. When the non-pneumatic tire 1100 is assembled, the first end 2026 and the second end 2028 each extend transversely to the radial direction of the non-pneumatic tire 1100 and are substantially parallel to each other.

[0130] In the illustrated embodiment, when assembling the non-pneumatic tire 1100, the ends of adjacent parts are in contact with each other but not connected. In an alternative embodiment, the ends of adjacent parts are in contact with each other and connected by an adhesive, bond, or any other desired joining method. In yet another alternative embodiment, the ends of adjacent parts are spaced apart from each other.

[0131] Although Figure 31 A buffer block 1128c consisting of five parts is shown, but in an alternative embodiment, the buffer block may consist of four or fewer parts. Alternatively, the buffer block may consist of six or more parts. The geometry of the buffer block shown is merely exemplary. The ends may extend at angles different from those shown. Furthermore, the specific percentage of the total buffer block constituted by each part is merely exemplary. The percentage of the total buffer block constituted by any single part can be any desired value.

[0132] Reference Figure 32 The assembly will now be described. Figure 31 The method for a non-pneumatic tire 1100. At 3005, a lower ring is provided, the lower ring having discrete first parts and discrete second parts. At 3010, while the first and second parts of the lower ring are still not connected to each other, the lower ring is connected to the upper ring by a support structure, such that a small gap is provided between the first and second parts. In an alternative embodiment, the first and second parts may be partially connected, but still spaced apart from each other, before the lower ring is connected to the upper ring using the support structure of the third buffer block 1128c, such that a small gap is provided between the first and second parts. At 3015, a multi-piece buffer block is located in the radially downward region of the first ring. At 3020, the parts of the buffer block are moved radially upward toward the second ring to an assembly position by moving the parts through the gap formed at 3010. At 3025, the multi-piece buffer block is secured to the lower ring. The buffer block can be secured to the lower ring by clamping the parts of the buffer block between the first and second parts of the lower ring.

[0133] Figure 32 This method simplifies the manufacturing process of non-pneumatic tires with a central bumper. Specifically, the multi-piece bumper, its specific shape, and the ability to move the individual parts of the bumper radially upwards to the assembly position greatly simplify the manufacturing process. Discussion of providing additional bumpers has been omitted from this method. However, additional bumpers can be provided using conventional methods (e.g., attaching the bumper to the rim using adhesive). Figure 32 The precise method described is merely exemplary. In other alternative implementations, specific steps may occur in any desired order, or may include fewer or more steps.

[0134] In a first embodiment, based on the detailed description above, the non-pneumatic tire includes a lower ring having a first diameter and an upper ring having a second diameter greater than the first diameter, the upper and lower rings being substantially coaxial. In this embodiment, the non-pneumatic tire also includes a support structure and a buffer block connecting the lower ring to the upper ring. One of the lower and upper rings includes a discrete first portion and a discrete second portion. The buffer block is fixed between the first and second portions and extends radially toward the other of the lower and upper rings.

[0135] In this first embodiment, the lower ring may optionally include a first portion and a second portion, with a buffer block sandwiched between the first and second portions of the lower ring and extending radially toward the upper ring. Alternatively, the upper ring may optionally include a first portion and a second portion, with a buffer block sandwiched between the first and second portions of the upper ring and extending radially toward the lower ring.

[0136] In this first embodiment, the buffer block may be a single piece. Preferably, the buffer block may be multiple discrete parts. For example, the buffer block may include a first part, a second part, a third part, a fourth part, and a fifth part, wherein the first part constitutes approximately 25% of the buffer block, the second part constitutes approximately 25% of the buffer block, the third part constitutes approximately 10% of the buffer block, the fourth part constitutes approximately 30% of the buffer block, and the fifth part constitutes approximately 10% of the buffer block.

[0137] In this first embodiment, the support structure can be multiple spokes. The multiple spokes can be arranged into a first spoke group and a second spoke group, with the buffer block axially located between the first spoke group and the second spoke group.

[0138] Preferably, in this first embodiment, the support structure may be a web member.

[0139] The first embodiment may also include a wheel hub fixed to the lower rim.

[0140] Furthermore, based on the above detailed description, a first embodiment of the method for assembling a non-pneumatic tire includes the following steps: providing a first ring having a first portion and a discrete second portion; clamping a buffer block between the first portion and the second portion; and connecting the second ring to the first ring via a support structure.

[0141] In a first embodiment of the method, the first ring may have a first diameter, and the second ring may have a second diameter larger than the first diameter. Alternatively, the first ring may have a first diameter, and the second ring may have a second diameter smaller than the first diameter.

[0142] In a first embodiment of the method, the support structure may include a plurality of spokes arranged in a first spoke group and a second spoke group, and the buffer block is axially located between the first spoke group and the second spoke group.

[0143] The first embodiment may also optionally include the step of attaching the hub to one of the first and second rims.

[0144] Furthermore, based on the above detailed description, a second embodiment of the method for assembling a non-pneumatic tire includes the following steps: providing a first ring having a first diameter and a second ring having a second diameter greater than the first diameter, and connecting the first ring to the second ring using a support structure. This second embodiment further includes providing a multi-piece buffer block having at least a first buffer block part and a second buffer block part, positioning the first buffer block part in a radially downward region of the first ring, moving the first buffer block part radially upward toward the second ring, and securing the first buffer block part to the first ring. This second embodiment further includes positioning the second buffer block part in a radially downward region of the first ring, moving the second buffer block part radially upward toward the second ring to a position adjacent to the first buffer block part, and securing the second buffer block part to the first ring.

[0145] In a second embodiment of the method, the first ring may optionally include a discrete first portion and a discrete second portion, and the step of securing the multi-piece buffer block to the first ring may include clamping the multi-piece buffer block between the first portion and the second portion.

[0146] Alternatively, in a second embodiment of the method, the support structure may include a plurality of spokes arranged in a first spoke group and a second spoke group, with the buffer block axially located between the first spoke group and the second spoke group.

[0147] In a second embodiment of the method, the support structure may optionally be a web member.

[0148] A second embodiment of the method may optionally include connecting the wheel hub to the first circumference.

[0149] With regard to the use of the terms “comprising” or “having” in the specification or claims, it is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to how the term “comprising” is understood when used as a transitional word in the claims. Furthermore, with regard to the use of the term “or” (e.g., A or B), the term is intended to mean “A or B or both.” The term “A or B only but not both” will be used when the applicant intends to indicate “only A or B but not both.” Therefore, the use of the term “or” herein is inclusive and not exclusive. See Bryan A. Garner, A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage, p. 624 (2nd ed., 1995). Furthermore, with regard to the use of the terms “in” or “to” in the specification and claims, the term is intended to also mean “on” or “to”. Furthermore, with regard to the use of the term “connection” in the specification or claims, the term is intended to mean not only “directly connected to” but also “indirectly connected to”, such as a connection via one or more other components.

[0150] While this application has been described through its embodiments, and while the embodiments have been described in considerable detail, the applicant does not intend to limit the scope of the appended claims to such details or in any way restrict it to such details. Additional advantages and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, in its broader aspects, this application is not limited to the specific details, representative devices and methods, and exemplary examples shown and described. Thus, deviations from such details may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the applicant's overall inventive concept.

Claims

1. A non-pneumatic tire, comprising: An inner ring, the inner ring comprising: A first main cylindrical portion having a first inner end and a first outer end, and A second main cylindrical portion having a second inner end and a second outer end; Outer ring; A support structure extending from the inner annular ring to the outer annular ring; A tread, the tread being radially disposed around the annular outer ring; and A buffer block is disposed between the first inner end of the first main cylindrical portion and the second inner end of the second main cylindrical portion of the inner ring, such that the buffer block extends from the inner ring. When no load is applied to the non-pneumatic tire, the buffer block does not contact the annular outer ring.

2. The non-pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the first main cylindrical portion has a first flange disposed at the first inner end, and wherein the second main cylindrical portion has a second flange disposed at the second inner end.

3. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 2, wherein the first flange extends in a downward direction, and wherein the second flange extends in a downward direction.

4. The non-pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein, The buffer block is fastened to the first flange of the first main cylindrical portion.

5. The non-pneumatic tire according to claim 4, wherein, The buffer block is fastened to the second flange of the second main cylindrical portion.

6. The non-pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein, The buffer block has a compliant upper end.

7. The non-pneumatic tire according to claim 1 further includes a second buffer block disposed at the first outer end of the first main cylindrical portion of the annular inner ring.

8. The non-pneumatic tire according to claim 7 further includes a third buffer block disposed at the second outer end of the second main cylindrical portion of the annular inner ring.

9. The non-pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein, The support structure includes: The first plurality of spokes extending from the first main cylindrical portion of the inner ring, and The second plurality of spokes extend from the second main cylindrical portion of the inner annular ring.

10. The non-pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein, The tread includes a circumferential metal strip.

11. The non-pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein, The buffer block has a radial planar profile.

12. A method for assembling a non-pneumatic tire, comprising: Provide a first inner annular ring and a second inner annular ring; A buffer block is provided between the first inner ring and the second inner ring; Provide an outer ring; The first support structure is extended from the inner ring of the first ring to the outer ring of the ring; Extend the second support structure from the inner ring of the second ring to the outer ring; and The tread is radially positioned around the annular outer ring.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising securing the first annular inner ring to the buffer block and securing the second annular inner ring to the buffer block.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising placing a second buffer block at the outer end of the first annular inner ring.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising placing a third buffer block at the outer end of the second annular inner ring.

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