Comprehensive Harmless Treatment Methods and Systems for Medical Wastewater and Process Waste Gas Treatment

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of medical wastewater treatment technology, and in particular to a method and system for the comprehensive harmless treatment of medical wastewater and the treatment of process exhaust gas. The system includes a pretreatment unit, a pre-disinfection unit, a sludge-liquid separation unit, a solid sludge safety treatment unit, a wastewater flow fluctuation mitigation unit, a wastewater safety physical redundancy unit, a biochemical treatment unit, a sludge-liquid separation unit, a sludge harmless treatment unit, a water disinfection unit, an exhaust gas treatment unit, a sludge deep treatment unit, a reagent dispensing unit, and an electrical control unit. This invention, through the design of a method and system for the comprehensive harmless treatment of medical wastewater and the treatment of process exhaust gas, effectively achieves comprehensive harmless treatment of medical wastewater and further ensures the safe treatment of exhaust gas (aerosols) generated during medical wastewater treatment, effectively addressing the significant safety vulnerabilities that actually exist in wastewater treatment within the medical and health system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical wastewater treatment technology, specifically to a method and system for the comprehensive harmless treatment of medical wastewater and the treatment of process exhaust gas. Background Technology

[0002] Medical institutions generate medical wastewater in their daily operations, which is generally treated using wastewater treatment systems. Due to the unique nature of medical and health facilities, this wastewater, along with the accompanying waste gas (aerosols), sludge, and sediment, often carries pathogens and microorganisms. Typically, medical and health institutions are located in areas with high pedestrian traffic; these water, gas (aerosols), sludge, and sediment interact extensively with human traffic, posing significant safety hazards.

[0003] In fact, compared to traditional sewage treatment systems that focus on ensuring the treated water meets environmental standards for discharge, medical sewage treatment systems, due to their unique characteristics, are extremely concerned about the uncontrolled medical and health risks caused by the disorderly spread of organisms and physical contact with personnel during the sewage treatment process.

[0004] Existing medical wastewater treatment methods largely follow traditional approaches and have not developed truly effective solutions for the safe treatment of associated organisms and for treatment with minimal or no direct human contact. In fact, there are significant safety loopholes in the wastewater treatment of the medical and health system.

[0005] This patent addresses this need by proposing a process and system for the comprehensive harmless treatment of medical wastewater; and further provides a method and system for the safe treatment of waste gas (aerosols) generated during medical wastewater treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for the comprehensive harmless treatment of medical wastewater and the treatment of process exhaust gas, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] The comprehensive harmless treatment system for medical wastewater and process exhaust gas treatment includes a pretreatment unit, a pre-disinfection unit, a sludge-liquid separation unit, a solid sludge safety treatment unit, a wastewater volume fluctuation stabilization unit, a wastewater safety physical backup unit, a biochemical treatment unit, a sludge-liquid separation unit, a sludge harmless treatment unit, a water disinfection treatment unit, an exhaust gas treatment unit, a sludge deep treatment unit, a reagent dispensing unit, and an electrical control unit.

[0009] It also includes a associated waste gas treatment unit in medical wastewater treatment, namely an aerosol treatment unit, which is divided into:

[0010] Class A: Units whose waste gas mainly originates from the volatilization of wastewater and produces relatively little gas. These units mainly include treatment units, pre-disinfection units, sludge-liquid separation units, solid sludge safety treatment units, wastewater volume fluctuation stabilization units, wastewater safety physical backup units, biochemical treatment units, sludge-liquid separation units, sludge harmless treatment units, water disinfection treatment units, and sludge deep treatment units. These units are denoted as Uan.

[0011] Category B: The exhaust gas mainly originates from the active aeration required by specific process sections of wastewater treatment, that is, the active ventilation and oxygen supply of the power system, which generates a large amount of gas. This type of unit is mainly a biochemical treatment unit, and is represented as Ubn.

[0012] Class C: Units that do not produce waste gas, but collect and treat waste gas produced by other units. This type of unit is denoted as Ucn.

[0013] The specific steps of the comprehensive harmless treatment system for medical wastewater and the process exhaust gas treatment system are as follows:

[0014] Pre-disinfection unit: Wastewater from infectious disease hospitals, i.e., epidemic wastewater, is collected through the pipe network and enters the pre-disinfection unit for pre-disinfection treatment; chemical agents are added and thoroughly mixed with the wastewater to carry out primary killing of bacteria and microorganisms; the treatment time is generally not less than 2 hours and not more than 24 hours; for the treatment of wastewater from infectious disease hospitals, i.e., epidemic wastewater, pre-disinfection is a process that needs to be prioritized, and the disinfected wastewater then enters the pre-treatment unit; ordinary wastewater from general hospitals is collected through the pipe network and directly enters the pre-treatment unit.

[0015] Pretreatment Unit: Wastewater from general hospitals and infectious disease hospitals, i.e. epidemic sewage, after pre-disinfection treatment, is introduced into the pretreatment unit. In the pretreatment unit stage, the organic matter in the sewage is initially dispersed, and large pieces of inorganic matter and plastics that cannot be biochemically treated are separated for the first time.

[0016] Sludge-liquid separation unit: The pretreated wastewater enters the sludge-liquid separation unit, which uses various methods including screens (active or passive) and crushing to achieve a second separation of large objects from the wastewater to be treated.

[0017] Solid slag safe treatment: The solid slag separated by the slag-liquid separation unit enters the solid slag safe treatment unit for disinfection, pressing, sealing and packaging, etc. After treatment, it is transported regularly. The solid slag safe treatment unit is a closed container by default. This container is reserved with an openable and closable window for cleaning and transporting the packaged solid slag. When solid slag needs to be removed, the corresponding window is opened.

[0018] Wastewater flow fluctuation suppression unit: The wastewater separated from the sludge-liquid separation unit enters the wastewater flow fluctuation suppression unit. The wastewater flow fluctuation suppression unit is actually a process step that prepares for the biological treatment unit. It adjusts the amount of water entering the biological treatment unit according to the actual situation.

[0019] Wastewater Safety Physical Redundancy Unit: Under specific circumstances, the wastewater separated by the sludge-liquid separation unit enters the wastewater safety physical redundancy unit. Specific circumstances refer to the failure of the "Wastewater Flow Fluctuation Smoothing Unit" and subsequent process steps. In this unexpected situation, to ensure that the wastewater generated during the front-end medical work for a certain period of time (6 hours or 24 hours) can be safely stored here, the wastewater stored in the wastewater safety physical redundancy unit should be transferred to the "Wastewater Flow Fluctuation Smoothing Unit" as soon as possible for subsequent treatment after the system returns to normal operation. The wastewater safety physical redundancy unit remains idle under normal operating conditions.

[0020] Biological treatment unit: Wastewater flowing out of the wastewater flow fluctuation stabilization unit enters the biological treatment unit, where it performs biochemical degradation treatment of the wastewater. The biological treatment unit eliminates and degrades pollutants in the wastewater and ensures that the effluent meets the discharge standards. This biological treatment unit implements a large number of specific process methods and implementations based on traditional wastewater treatment methods, such as AO or AAO.

[0021] Sludge-liquid separation unit: Wastewater treated by the biological treatment unit enters the sludge-liquid separation unit. After completing the biological treatment, the wastewater and sludge are separated. The specific implementation methods of the sludge-liquid separation unit are mostly based on physical sedimentation or membrane filtration to achieve sludge-water separation. The separated wastewater enters the water disinfection unit, while the sludge enters the sludge harmless treatment unit.

[0022] After the wastewater enters the water disinfection unit, it is disinfected according to the established method to achieve harmlessness and discharge of water that meets the standards.

[0023] After the sludge enters the harmless treatment unit, it is disinfected according to the established method to achieve the harmless treatment of the sludge; if the system is not equipped with a sludge deep treatment unit, the sludge will be temporarily stored in this stage and cleaned up by professional services later; if a sludge deep treatment unit is equipped, the sludge will be discharged into the sludge deep treatment unit.

[0024] The sludge deep treatment unit dries and seals the sludge to facilitate subsequent removal.

[0025] The reagent dispensing unit is equipped with various reagents and pump valve mechanisms for conveying the reagents. The reagents are delivered to the pre-disinfection unit, sludge harmless treatment unit, waste gas harmless treatment unit and water disinfection unit through the reagent delivery pipeline to meet the reagent needs of each functional unit.

[0026] The main control unit has built-in controllers, fans, frequency converters, interface modules, communication modules, and electrical components. It is used to allocate power, air, and oxygen to each unit, quantitatively sense the operation process and results of the units, and execute specific mechanical actions based on the sensed results.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, waste gas is generated in all of the pretreatment unit, pre-disinfection unit, sludge-liquid separation unit, solid sludge safety treatment unit, wastewater flow fluctuation suppression unit, wastewater safety physical redundancy unit, biochemical treatment unit, sludge-liquid separation unit, sludge harmless treatment unit, water disinfection treatment unit, and sludge deep treatment unit. The waste gas is collected in a unified waste gas treatment unit, which deodorizes and harmlessly treats the waste gas before discharging it.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the associated waste gas treatment unit specifically comprises:

[0029] The volume is configured according to the sewage treatment capacity, but each unit is a closed container in structure. The liquid level sensor and the air pressure sensor (Pn) are configured inside the container in the above-mentioned Class A and Class B units.

[0030] In addition to the normal controllable inlet and outlet for the specific substances to be processed in this unit, the container structure is designed to handle sewage, slag, and sludge. The inlet and outlet are provided by valves and pipes. The upper part of the container is equipped with two gas inlets and outlets, both of which are equipped with controllable valves. The outlet is the outlet of the pipe. One of them serves as a backup pressure regulating port, enabling communication between the inside of the container and a specific pressure environment. This specific pressure environment actually constitutes the reference pressure of the entire system. This gas channel is closed by default. Under specific circumstances, such as when the internal pressure environment of the container exceeds the set value or becomes unbalanced, this channel is opened to restore the internal pressure environment of the container. The other channel is a gas extraction channel inside the container. When the pressure sensor detects that the internal pressure of the container exceeds the predetermined range, the valve is opened, and the gas inside the container is extracted in conjunction with an external power device to maintain the internal gas pressure.

[0031] For Class A units with relatively small waste gas generation, the waste gas generation and collection principle is as follows:

[0032] When a Class A unit is in normal operation and treating wastewater, it exhibits a two-phase gas-liquid state inside. Furthermore, the liquid water will continuously transform into a gaseous state due to evaporation or other reasons, changing the composition and physical properties of the gaseous substances in the upper part of the container, thereby affecting the changes in the gas pressure inside the container.

[0033] As mentioned above, a gas pressure sensor is installed inside the container to sense changes in the gas pressure inside the unit container;

[0034] When the pressure sensor detects that the real-time pressure in the container is close to the set upper pressure limit value (Ph), the system determines that the pressure in the container is too high and needs to exhaust air to reduce the pressure. Then the exhaust valve will be opened to extract gas and reduce the pressure in the container.

[0035] After a certain amount of exhaust, when the pressure sensor detects that the real-time pressure in the container is close to the set lower pressure limit value, the system determines that the pressure in the container is appropriate, stops exhausting, and closes the valve.

[0036] In the airtight container of the unit, under the sewage volatilization effect and the active intervention of the system to exhaust air according to the pressure change, the gas pressure in the container shows a fluctuating pattern.

[0037] For Class B units with a large amount of waste gas generation, the waste gas collection principle is as follows:

[0038] Compared with Class A units, the biggest difference in waste gas for Class B units is that the waste gas source mainly does not come from liquid volatilization, but from the need to supply air actively in the sewage treatment process into the sewage treatment unit. Therefore, the amount of waste gas generated is large, and because the unit is actively supplied with air, the waste gas collection configuration requires a relatively strong gas extraction ability compared to the air supply ability to ensure that the unit maintains a low negative pressure state under the condition of simultaneous air supply and air extraction.

[0039] A pressure sensor (Pbn) is configured in Class B unit (Ubn).

[0040] Define the gas flow rate entering the unit through the air inlet as Vbi, and define the air flow rate extracted to Unit C through the air outlet as Vbo.

[0041] State 1: When the pressure sensor detects that the air pressure Pbn in the container < P0 and |Pbn - P0| < a, where a is a custom constant representing the difference range between two air pressure values, the system controls Vbo = Vbi. That is to say, at this time, in the unit container, a reasonable negative pressure state is maintained, and the air extraction speed is consistent with the air intake speed, and the system tries to work in this state.

[0042] State 2: When the pressure sensor detects that the air pressure in the container: Pbn >= P0, at this time, the air pressure inside and outside the container is equal, or the internal pressure is greater than the external environmental pressure. The system adjusts the operating state to make Vbo > Vbi; that is, increases the air outlet speed and intensifies the air extraction to quickly reach the state where Pbn < P0 and |Pbn - P0| < a.

[0043] Class C unit consists of three parts: waste gas and aerosol negative pressure collection subsystem, waste gas disinfection treatment subsystem, pipelines and valves. The power generating mechanism for gas and aerosol collection is the "gas operating device", and more than one group of gas operating devices may be configured according to the actual treatment volume requirements.

[0044] The gas manipulation device generates power to transfer gas from a specific container to a "dedicated waste gas disinfection and treatment equipment" through physical means. In the dedicated waste gas disinfection and treatment equipment, waste gas and aerosols are disinfected and sterilized through the combined application of chemical, or electrical, thermal, light, chemical and physical adsorption methods to ensure that any viruses that may exist in the waste gas and aerosols are killed.

[0045] The waste gas and aerosol negative pressure collection subsystem is equipped with two types of pipelines to address the differences in the generation mechanism and waste gas volume of Class A and Class B units.

[0046] Class A units have a small gas volume, mainly from evaporation. Therefore, Class A units are connected in parallel on a pipeline. Each unit is connected to the pipeline through a valve (Fa1, Fa2, Fa…, Fan). The other end of the pipeline is connected to a gas operating device. When the gas pressure inside a certain unit (Fan) is detected to trigger the gas extraction set value, i.e., the aforementioned upper pressure limit value (Ph), the valve Fan corresponding to that container is opened, and the gas operating device is started to perform the extraction operation. During the extraction process, the pressure value (Pan) inside Fan is continuously monitored. When the pressure value drops to the set value (Pal), the valve is closed and the extraction stops.

[0047] Class A units have an active gas supply and a large gas volume, requiring continuous operation of the gas control device. This necessitates that the extraction volume be slightly greater than the supply volume. Under normal circumstances, valve Pbn is in the normally open state.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0049] 1. In this invention, by designing a method and system for the comprehensive harmless treatment of medical wastewater and the treatment of process exhaust gas, medical wastewater is effectively treated in a comprehensive manner and further the exhaust gas (aerosol) generated during the treatment of medical wastewater is safely treated. This effectively replaces the existing medical wastewater treatment schemes that mostly follow traditional wastewater treatment methods. It forms a truly effective solution in terms of safe treatment of associated organisms and treatment with less (or no) direct human contact, and effectively solves the significant safety loopholes that actually exist in the wastewater treatment of the medical and health system. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 The principles and units of medical wastewater treatment process;

[0051] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a negative pressure collection system for waste gas and aerosols in medical wastewater treatment;

[0052] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a specific waste gas treatment adaptability structure for a unit with associated waste gas;

[0053] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of a typical Class A unit exhaust gas negative pressure collection system.

[0054] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of air pressure fluctuations inside a unit-sealed container;

[0055] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the control process for exhausting gas according to changes in air pressure inside a sealed container;

[0056] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a typical Class B unit exhaust gas collection system.

[0057] Figure 8 A process for negative pressure collection and control of exhaust gas in Class B wastewater treatment units;

[0058] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust gas treatment unit. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] For examples, please refer to Figure 1-9 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0061] Methods and systems for the comprehensive harmless treatment of medical wastewater and the treatment of process exhaust gases, including...

[0062] The entire process flow includes a pre-disinfection unit, a pretreatment unit, a sludge-liquid separation unit, a solid-sludge deep (harmless) treatment unit, a wastewater flow fluctuation mitigation unit, a wastewater safety physical backup unit, a biochemical treatment unit, a sludge-liquid separation unit, a sludge harmless treatment unit, a water disinfection unit, a waste gas treatment unit, a sludge deep treatment unit, as well as an electrical control unit and a reagent dispensing unit. Figure 1 As shown; where Figure 1-9 The various process units involved in the process are called units.

[0063] The process flow is described below:

[0064] Pre-disinfection unit: Wastewater (including epidemic-related wastewater) from infectious disease hospitals is collected through the pipe network and enters the pre-disinfection unit for pre-disinfection treatment. Generally, chemical agents are added and thoroughly mixed with the wastewater to achieve primary sterilization of pathogens and microorganisms. The treatment time is generally no less than 2 hours and no more than 24 hours. For the treatment of wastewater (including epidemic-related wastewater) from infectious disease hospitals, pre-disinfection is a priority process. Disinfected wastewater then enters the pre-treatment unit; ordinary wastewater from general hospitals is collected through the pipe network and directly enters the pre-treatment unit.

[0065] Pretreatment Unit: Wastewater from general hospitals and infectious disease hospitals (epidemic-related wastewater) that has undergone pre-disinfection treatment is introduced into the pretreatment unit. In this stage of the process, organic matter is initially dispersed, and large inorganic materials, plastics, and other non-biochemically treatable substances are separated for the first time.

[0066] Sludge-liquid separation unit: Pretreated wastewater enters the sludge-liquid separation unit. This unit uses multiple methods (generally physical methods) including screens (active or passive) and crushing to achieve a second separation of large objects from the wastewater to be treated;

[0067] Solid slag safe handling: The solid slag separated from the slag-liquid separation unit enters the solid slag safe handling unit for disinfection, pressing, sealing, and packaging. After processing, it is transported regularly. The solid slag safe handling unit is a closed container by default. This container has a closable window for cleaning and transporting the packaged solid slag. The window is opened when solid slag removal is required.

[0068] Wastewater Flow Fluctuation Smoothing Unit: Wastewater separated from the sludge-liquid separation unit enters the wastewater flow fluctuation smoothing unit. This unit is essentially a preparatory process for the biological treatment unit, primarily adjusting the amount of water entering the biological treatment process based on actual conditions.

[0069] Wastewater Safety Physical Redundancy Unit: Under specific circumstances, wastewater separated from the sludge-liquid separation unit enters the wastewater safety physical redundancy unit. Specific circumstances refer to the inability to operate the "Wastewater Flow Fluctuation Smoothing Unit" or subsequent process stages due to malfunctions. In this unforeseen situation, to ensure the safe storage of wastewater generated during a certain period of front-end medical work (6 hours, 24 hours, etc.), the wastewater stored in the wastewater safety physical redundancy unit should be transferred to the "Wastewater Flow Fluctuation Smoothing Unit" as soon as possible after the system returns to normal operation for further treatment. The wastewater safety physical redundancy unit should be kept idle as much as possible during normal operation. In practical applications, the pretreatment unit;

[0070] Biological Treatment Unit: Wastewater flowing from the wastewater flow fluctuation stabilization unit enters the biological treatment unit, where it undergoes biochemical degradation treatment. This unit effectively eliminates and degrades pollutants in the wastewater, ensuring that the effluent meets discharge standards. This process incorporates numerous traditional wastewater treatment methods, such as AO and AAO, and their specific implementations.

[0071] Wastewater treated by the biological treatment unit enters the sludge separation unit, where it separates wastewater and sludge after completing the biological treatment. This process is mostly implemented using physical sedimentation, but membrane filtration is also employed for sludge-water separation. The separated wastewater then enters the water disinfection unit, while the sludge enters the sludge harmless treatment unit.

[0072] After the wastewater enters the water disinfection unit, it is disinfected according to the established method to achieve harmlessness and discharge of water that meets the standards.

[0073] After entering the harmless treatment unit, the sludge is disinfected according to a predetermined method to achieve harmless treatment. If the system is not equipped with a deep sludge treatment unit, the sludge will be temporarily stored in this stage and subsequently removed by a professional service. If a deep sludge treatment unit is configured, the sludge will be discharged into the deep sludge treatment unit.

[0074] The sludge deep treatment unit dries and seals the sludge to facilitate subsequent removal.

[0075] Waste gas is generated in the pre-disinfection unit, pretreatment unit, sludge-liquid separation unit, wastewater flow fluctuation mitigation unit, wastewater safety physical backup unit, biochemical treatment unit, sludge-liquid separation unit, and sludge harmless treatment unit. Waste gas from each stage is collected in the waste gas treatment unit. The waste gas treatment unit deodorizes and renders the waste gas harmless before discharging it.

[0076] The reagent dispensing unit is equipped with various reagents and pump valve mechanisms for conveying the reagents. The reagents are delivered to the pre-disinfection unit, sludge harmless treatment unit, waste gas harmless treatment unit and water disinfection unit through the reagent delivery pipeline to meet the reagent needs of each functional unit.

[0077] The main control unit has built-in electrical components such as controller, fan, frequency converter, interface module, and communication module. It is used to allocate power and air (oxygen) to each unit, quantitatively sense the operation process and results of the unit, and execute specific mechanical actions based on the sensed results.

[0078] Depending on the actual situation of wastewater treatment, each unit can be deployed relatively independently, or some units can be combined and simplified while ensuring safety and compliance with discharge standards. Currently, most medical and health institutions typically only deploy units 5, 7, 8, 9, and 11.

[0079] 2. In the entire treatment system, apart from the reagent dispensing, electrical control and power units, all other wastewater treatment units are related to waste gas (aerosols). Among these waste gas (aerosol) related units (Units 1-12), the waste gas treatment unit (Unit 10) is a functional unit that collects and treats the waste gas generated in other units (Units 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12), ensuring that the emissions of gas (aerosols) generated during the operation of the entire system are controllable and harmless.

[0080] 3. In fact, the associated gas (aerosol) treatment unit in medical wastewater treatment includes three types of functional sub-units.

[0081] The units in the overall medical wastewater treatment system are divided into the following categories based on the generation mechanism, volume, and treatment perspective of the waste gas (aerosol), and the units that generate associated waste gas (aerosol):

[0082] Class A: Units whose waste gas mainly originates from the volatilization of wastewater and produces relatively little gas, mainly including units 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, and 12. Figure 2 In this context, such units are represented as Uan.

[0083] Category B: The waste gas mainly originates from the active aeration (active ventilation and oxygen supply by the power system) required by specific process sections of wastewater treatment, and the units that generate a large amount of gas are mainly biochemical treatment units (Unit 7). Figure 2 In this context, such units are represented as Ubn.

[0084] Class C: Units that do not produce exhaust gas, but collect and treat exhaust gas generated by other units (Unit 10). Figure 2 In this context, such units are denoted as Ucn.

[0085] 4. The medical wastewater treatment unit described in this patent is configured in terms of volume according to the wastewater treatment capacity, but each unit is a (sealed) container in structure. The containers in the aforementioned Type A and Type B units are equipped with a liquid level sensor and a pressure sensor (Pn).

[0086] In addition to the normal controllable inlet and outlet (valve, pipeline) for the specific materials (sewage, sludge, mud) to be processed in this unit, the container structure has two gas inlet and outlet ports on the upper part. Both gas inlet and outlet ports (pipelines) on the container are equipped with controllable valves. One of them serves as a backup pressure regulating port, enabling communication between the container's interior and a specific pressure environment. This specific pressure environment actually constitutes the reference pressure for the entire system. This gas channel is closed by default; under specific circumstances, such as when the internal pressure environment of the container deviates beyond the set parameters or becomes unbalanced, this channel is opened to restore the internal pressure environment of the container.

[0087] The other route is the gas extraction channel inside the container. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure inside the container exceeds the predetermined range, it opens the valve and, in conjunction with the external power unit, extracts the gas inside the container to maintain the gas pressure inside the container within a certain range.

[0088] 5. For Class A units with relatively small waste gas generation, the waste gas generation and collection principles are as follows: Figure 4 Down.

[0089] When a Class A unit is in normal operation and treating wastewater, it exhibits a two-phase gas-liquid state. Furthermore, the liquid water will continuously transform into a gaseous state due to evaporation or other reasons, changing the composition and physical properties of the gaseous substances in the upper part of the container, thereby affecting the changes in the internal pressure of the container.

[0090] As mentioned earlier, a gas pressure sensor is installed inside the container to detect changes in the gas pressure inside the unit container.

[0091] When the pressure sensor detects that the real-time pressure inside the container is close to the set upper pressure limit, the system determines that the pressure inside the container is too high and that it needs to be reduced by evacuating air. The system will then open the exhaust valve to extract gas and lower the pressure inside the container.

[0092] When a certain amount of exhaust has been completed, and the pressure sensor detects that the real-time pressure inside the container is close to the set lower pressure limit, the system determines that the pressure inside the container is appropriate, stops exhausting, and closes the valve.

[0093] Within the sealed container of the unit, under the influence of wastewater volatilization and the system's active intervention of venting based on pressure changes, the gas pressure inside the container exhibits a fluctuating pattern (e.g., Figure 3 ).

[0094] 6. For Class B units with large waste gas generation, the waste gas collection principle is as follows:

[0095] Compared to Class A units, the biggest difference in terms of exhaust gas for Class B units is that the exhaust gas source is not primarily from liquid evaporation, but rather requires active gas supply into the wastewater treatment unit during the wastewater treatment process. Therefore, the volume of exhaust gas generated is large, and because the unit uses active gas supply, the exhaust gas collection configuration must have a strong gas extraction capacity relative to the gas supply capacity to ensure that the unit maintains a low negative pressure state (like Class A units) while simultaneously supplying and extracting gas.

[0096] A barometric pressure sensor (Pbn) is configured in a Class B unit (Ubn).

[0097] The gas velocity entering the unit through the inlet is defined as Vbi, and the gas velocity drawn into unit C through the outlet is defined as Vbo.

[0098] Status 1: When the air pressure sensor detects that the air pressure Pbn in the container is less than P0 and |Pbn - P0| < a (a is a custom constant representing the difference range between two air pressure values), the system controls Vbo = Vbi. That is to say, at this time, in the unit container, a reasonable negative pressure state is maintained, and the air extraction speed is kept consistent with the air intake speed, and the system is尽量maintained to work in this state.

[0099] Status 2: When the air pressure sensor detects that the air pressure in the container: Pbn >= P0 (at this time, the air pressure inside and outside the container is equal, or the internal pressure is greater than the external ambient air pressure), the system adjusts the operating state to make Vbo > Vbi. That is, increase the air outlet speed and the air extraction intensity to quickly reach the state where Pbn < P0 and |Pbn - P0| < a.

[0100] 6. Class C units ( Figure 1 represented by Ucn in the figure) are composed of three parts: a negative pressure collection subsystem for waste gas and aerosol, a waste gas disinfection and treatment subsystem, and pipelines and valves.

[0101] The power generation mechanism for waste gas and aerosol collection is the "gas operation device", and more than one group of gas operation devices may be configured according to the actual processing volume requirements.

[0102] The gas operation device generates power to transfer the gas in a specific container to the "special equipment for waste gas disinfection and treatment" by physical means. In the special equipment for waste gas disinfection and treatment, the waste gas and aerosol are disinfected and sterilized through the comprehensive application of chemical, or electrical, thermal, optical, chemical methods and physical adsorption methods to ensure that the viruses that may exist in the waste gas and aerosol are killed.

[0103] The negative pressure collection subsystem for waste gas and aerosol sets two types of pipelines according to the different waste gas generation mechanisms and waste gas volumes of Class A and Class B units.

[0104] The gas volume of Class A units is small and mainly comes from volatilization. Then Class A units are connected in parallel on one pipeline, and each unit is connected to the pipeline through valves (Fa1, Fa2, Fa..., Fan). The other end of the pipeline is connected to the gas operation device. When the internal gas pressure of a certain unit (Fan) triggers the gas extraction set value (the above pressure upper limit value: Ph), the corresponding valve Fan of the container is opened, and the gas operation device is started for air extraction operation. During the air extraction process, the pressure value (Pan) in Fan is continuously detected. When the pressure value drops to the set value (Pal), the valve is closed and the air extraction is stopped.

[0105] The Class A units supply gas actively internally and have a large gas volume, so the gas operation device needs to operate continuously, and the required air extraction volume is slightly greater than the air supply volume. Normally, the valve Pbn is in the常开 state.

[0106] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Comprehensive harmless treatment system for medical wastewater and process exhaust gas treatment system, including pretreatment unit, pre-disinfection unit, sludge-liquid separation unit, solid sludge safety treatment unit, wastewater volume fluctuation stabilization unit, wastewater safety physical backup unit, biochemical treatment unit, sludge-liquid separation unit, sludge harmless treatment unit, water disinfection treatment unit, exhaust gas treatment unit, sludge deep treatment unit, reagent dispensing unit and electrical control unit; It also includes a associated waste gas treatment unit in medical wastewater treatment, namely an aerosol treatment unit, which is divided into: Class A: Units whose exhaust gas originates from the volatilization of wastewater and produces relatively little gas, including treatment units, pre-disinfection units, sludge-liquid separation units, solid sludge safety treatment units, wastewater volume fluctuation stabilization units, wastewater safety physical backup units, biochemical treatment units, sludge-liquid separation units, sludge harmless treatment units, water disinfection treatment units, and sludge deep treatment units. This type of unit is denoted as Uan. Category B: The exhaust gas originates from the active aeration required by a specific process section of wastewater treatment, that is, the active ventilation and oxygen supply of the power system, which generates a large amount of gas. This type of unit is a biochemical treatment unit, and is represented as Ubn. Class C: Units that do not produce waste gas, but collect and treat waste gas produced by other units. These units are denoted as Ucn. The associated waste gas treatment unit specifically comprises: The volume is configured according to the sewage treatment capacity, but each unit is a closed container. According to the above-mentioned Class A and Class B units, the container is equipped with a liquid level sensor and a pressure sensor, where the pressure sensor is Pn. In addition to the normal controllable inlet and outlet for the specific substances to be processed in this unit, the container structure is designed to handle sewage, slag, and sludge. The inlet and outlet are valve inlet and outlet, and pipeline inlet and outlet. The upper part of the container is equipped with two gas inlet and outlet ports, both of which are equipped with controllable valves. The outlet is the pipeline outlet. One of them serves as a backup pressure regulating port, enabling communication between the inside of the container and a specific pressure environment. This specific pressure environment actually constitutes the reference pressure for the entire system. This gas channel is closed by default. If the pressure environment inside the container deviates from the set value or cannot be balanced, this channel is opened to restore the internal pressure environment of the container. The other channel is a gas extraction channel inside the container. When the pressure sensor detects that the internal pressure of the container exceeds the predetermined range, the valve is opened, and the gas inside the container is extracted in conjunction with an external power device to maintain the internal gas pressure. For Class A units with relatively small waste gas generation, the waste gas generation and collection principle is as follows: When a Class A unit is in normal operation and treating wastewater, it exhibits a two-phase gas-liquid state inside. Furthermore, the liquid water will continuously transform into a gaseous state due to evaporation or other reasons, changing the composition and pressure of the gaseous substances in the upper part of the container, thereby affecting the change in the pressure inside the container. As mentioned above, a gas pressure sensor is installed inside the container to sense changes in the gas pressure inside the unit container; When the pressure sensor detects that the real-time pressure inside the container is close to the set pressure limit, the system determines that the pressure inside the container is too high and needs to be reduced by evacuating the air. The system will then open the exhaust valve to extract the gas and reduce the pressure inside the container. When a certain amount of exhaust gas is discharged and the pressure sensor detects that the real-time pressure in the container is close to the set lower limit of the pressure value, the system determines that the pressure in the container is appropriate, stops the exhaust gas, and closes the valve; In the sealed container of the unit, under the sewage volatilization effect and the active intervention of the system to exhaust gas according to the pressure change, the gas pressure in the container shows a fluctuating form; For Class B units with a large amount of waste gas generated, the waste gas collection principle is as follows: Compared with Class A units, the biggest difference in waste gas for Class B units is that the waste gas source does not come from liquid volatilization, but active air supply is required in the sewage treatment process to enter the sewage treatment unit. Therefore, the amount of waste gas generated is large, and because it is active air supply in the unit, the waste gas collection configuration requires relatively strong gas extraction ability compared to the air supply capacity to ensure that the unit maintains a low negative pressure state when air supply and air extraction are carried out simultaneously; A pressure sensor is configured in Class B units, where Class B units are Ubn and the pressure sensor is Pbn; Define the gas flow rate entering the unit through the air inlet as Vbi, and define the air flow rate extracted to Unit C through the air outlet as Vbo; State 1: When the pressure sensor detects that the air pressure Pbn in the container < P0, and |Pbn - P0| < a, where a is a custom constant representing the difference range of the two air pressure values, the system controls Vbo = Vbi. That is to say, at this time, in the unit container, a reasonable negative pressure state is maintained, and the air extraction speed is consistent with the air intake speed, and the system is尽量 maintained in this state; State 2: When the pressure sensor detects that the air pressure in the container: Pbn >= P0, at this time, the air pressure inside and outside the container is equal, or the internal pressure is greater than the external environmental pressure, the system adjusts the operating state to make Vbo > Vbi; that is, increase the air outlet speed and the air extraction intensity to quickly reach the state of Pbn < P0 and |Pbn - P0| < a; Class C units are composed of three parts: a negative pressure collection subsystem for waste gas and aerosol, a waste gas disinfection treatment subsystem, pipelines and valves. The power generation mechanism for collecting gas and aerosol is a "gas operation device", and more than one group of gas operation devices are configured according to the actual treatment volume requirements; The gas operation device generates power to transfer the gas in a specific container to the "special equipment for waste gas disinfection treatment" through physical means. In the special equipment for waste gas disinfection treatment, the waste gas and aerosol are disinfected and sterilized through the comprehensive application of chemical, or electrical, thermal, optical, chemical methods and physical adsorption methods to ensure that the viruses existing in the waste gas and aerosol are killed; The negative pressure collection subsystem for waste gas and aerosol sets two types of pipelines according to the different waste gas generation mechanisms and waste gas amounts of Class A and Class B units; Class A units have a small gas volume, originating from evaporation. Therefore, Class A units are connected in parallel on a pipeline. Each unit is connected to the pipeline via a valve, and the other end of the pipeline is connected to a gas operating device. When the gas pressure inside a unit's Fan is detected, triggering the gas extraction set value, i.e., the aforementioned pressure upper limit, the valve Fan corresponding to that container is opened, and the gas operating device is started to perform the extraction operation. During the extraction process, the pressure value Pan inside the Fan is continuously monitored. When the pressure value drops to the set value Pal, the valve is closed, and the extraction stops. Class A units have an active gas supply and a large gas volume, requiring continuous operation of the gas operating device. This necessitates that the gas extraction volume be greater than the gas supply volume. Under normal circumstances, valve Pbn is in the normally open state.

2. The method for the comprehensive harmless treatment of medical wastewater and the process exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, the specific steps are as follows: Pre-disinfection unit: Wastewater from infectious disease hospitals, i.e., epidemic wastewater, is collected through the pipe network and enters the pre-disinfection unit for pre-disinfection treatment; chemical agents are added and thoroughly mixed with the wastewater to carry out primary killing of bacteria and microorganisms; the treatment time is generally not less than 2 hours and not more than 24 hours; for the treatment of wastewater from infectious disease hospitals, i.e., epidemic wastewater, pre-disinfection is a process that needs to be prioritized, and the disinfected wastewater then enters the pre-treatment unit; ordinary wastewater from general hospitals is collected through the pipe network and directly enters the pre-treatment unit. Pretreatment Unit: Wastewater from general hospitals and infectious disease hospitals, i.e. epidemic sewage, after pre-disinfection treatment, is introduced into the pretreatment unit. In the pretreatment unit stage, the organic matter in the sewage is initially dispersed, and large pieces of inorganic matter and plastics that cannot be biochemically treated are separated for the first time. Sludge-liquid separation unit: The pretreated wastewater enters the sludge-liquid separation unit, which uses various methods including screens (active or passive) and crushing to achieve a second separation of large objects from the wastewater to be treated. Solid slag safety treatment: The solid slag separated from the slag-liquid separation unit enters the solid slag safety treatment unit for disinfection, pressing, sealing and packaging. After treatment, it is transported regularly. The solid slag safety treatment unit is a closed container by default. This container is reserved with an openable and closable window for cleaning and transporting the packaged solid slag. When solid slag removal is required, the corresponding window is opened. Wastewater flow fluctuation suppression unit: The wastewater separated from the sludge-liquid separation unit enters the wastewater flow fluctuation suppression unit. The wastewater flow fluctuation suppression unit is actually a process step that prepares for the biological treatment unit. It adjusts the amount of water entering the biological treatment unit according to the actual situation. Wastewater Safety Physical Redundancy Unit: Under specific circumstances, the wastewater separated by the sludge-liquid separation unit enters the wastewater safety physical redundancy unit. Specific circumstances refer to the failure of the "Wastewater Flow Fluctuation Smoothing Unit" and subsequent process links. In this unexpected situation, in order to ensure that the wastewater generated by the front-end medical work for a certain period of time, namely 6 hours or 24 hours, can be safely stored here, the wastewater stored in the wastewater safety physical redundancy unit should be transferred to the "Wastewater Flow Fluctuation Smoothing Unit" as soon as possible after the system is back to normal operation for subsequent treatment. The wastewater safety physical redundancy unit remains idle under normal operating conditions; Biological treatment unit: Wastewater flowing out of the wastewater flow fluctuation stabilization unit enters the biological treatment unit, where it performs biochemical degradation treatment of the wastewater. The biological treatment unit eliminates and degrades pollutants in the wastewater and ensures that the effluent meets the discharge standards. This biological treatment unit implements a large number of specific process methods and implementations based on traditional wastewater treatment methods, such as AO or AAO. Sludge-liquid separation unit: Wastewater treated by the biological treatment unit enters the sludge-liquid separation unit. After completing the biological treatment, the wastewater and sludge are separated. The specific implementation methods of the sludge-liquid separation unit are mostly based on physical sedimentation or membrane filtration to achieve sludge-water separation. The separated wastewater enters the water disinfection unit, while the sludge enters the sludge harmless treatment unit. After the wastewater enters the water disinfection unit, it is disinfected according to the established method to achieve harmlessness and discharge of water that meets the standards. After the sludge enters the harmless treatment unit, it is disinfected according to the established method to achieve the harmless treatment of the sludge; if the system is not equipped with deep sludge treatment, the sludge will be temporarily stored in this stage and then cleaned and treated by professional services. If a sludge deep treatment unit is configured, the sludge will be discharged into the sludge deep treatment unit. The sludge deep treatment unit dries and seals the sludge to facilitate subsequent removal. The reagent dispensing unit is equipped with various reagents and pump valve mechanisms for conveying the reagents. The reagents are delivered to the pre-disinfection unit, sludge harmless treatment unit, waste gas harmless treatment unit and water disinfection unit through the reagent delivery pipeline to meet the reagent needs of each functional unit. The main control unit has built-in controllers, fans, frequency converters, interface modules, communication modules, and electrical components. It is used to allocate power, air, and oxygen to each unit, quantitatively sense the operation process and results of the units, and execute specific mechanical actions based on the sensed results.

3. The method for the comprehensive harmless treatment of medical wastewater and the process exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Waste gas is generated in all of the aforementioned pretreatment unit, pre-disinfection unit, sludge-liquid separation unit, solid sludge safety treatment unit, wastewater flow fluctuation stabilization unit, wastewater safety physical backup unit, biochemical treatment unit, sludge-liquid separation unit, sludge harmless treatment unit, water disinfection treatment unit, and sludge deep treatment unit. All waste gas is collected in a unified waste gas treatment unit, which deodorizes and harmlessly treats the waste gas before discharging it.

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