A quick-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a rapid-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method, relating to the field of hydrogen energy technology. The invention places a liquid hydrogen pump in a liquid hydrogen bath, maintaining its temperature continuously in the liquid hydrogen temperature range, thereby improving the startup efficiency of the storage and supply system. The hydrogen generated by the liquid hydrogen storage tank is reliquefied and used as a hydrogen medium source for the liquid hydrogen pool, maintaining the dynamic balance of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bath. The hydrogen generated by the liquid hydrogen pump's operation is discharged from the liquid hydrogen bath, and the evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is reduced through heat absorption through para-ortho-hydrogen conversion. The engine is cooled by the heat of liquid hydrogen vaporization, and the hydrogen-air fuel cell is cooled by low-temperature hydrogen, maximizing the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy technology, and in particular to a quick-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a clean energy with zero carbon emissions and diverse applications. It is an ideal energy storage medium for achieving renewable energy storage and peak regulation, and is expected to become an important force in promoting energy transformation. As the chemical fuel with the highest mass energy density, hydrogen is in gaseous form at room temperature and pressure, with a density of only 7.14% of air, which makes the volume energy density of hydrogen at normal pressure extremely low. Therefore, aviation, navigation, land and other vehicles that use hydrogen energy tend to use liquid hydrogen as a storage form, and then vaporize the liquid hydrogen and transport it to components such as hydrogen engines or fuel cells. However, due to its low temperature characteristics, various vehicles will produce large evaporation losses when using liquid hydrogen as fuel, and the overall startup speed of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system is slow. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fast-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method, which utilizes magnetothermal efficiency to achieve reliquefaction of evaporated hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and uses it to continuously soak the liquid hydrogen pump to reduce the startup time of the liquid hydrogen pump. The vaporized hydrogen is converted through secondary positive conversion to improve the insulation capacity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0004] The present invention intends to achieve the purpose of the present invention by the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a rapid-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen bath, a liquid hydrogen vaporizer, a hydrogen engine, a helium heat exchanger, a hydrogen heat exchanger, a hydrogen-air fuel cell, an air pipeline, a high-temperature cooling pipeline, a medium-temperature cooling pipeline, a superconducting magnet, a helium circulation pipeline, and a vacuum insulation chamber;

[0006] The liquid hydrogen storage tank is provided with a liquid hydrogen medium outlet and a gaseous hydrogen medium outlet, the liquid hydrogen medium outlet is connected to the liquid hydrogen pipeline, and the gaseous hydrogen medium outlet is connected to the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline; a para-orthohydrogen conversion cold screen is provided outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the para-orthohydrogen conversion cold screen is used to utilize the cold energy of the para-orthohydrogen conversion to reduce the evaporation loss of the liquid hydrogen storage tank;

[0007] The liquid hydrogen bath is provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen gas outlet, and a liquid hydrogen pump is provided inside; the liquid hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen gas outlet are respectively connected to a hydrogen liquefaction pipeline for replenishing liquid hydrogen and a hydrogen gas pipeline for discharging vaporized hydrogen;

[0008] The liquid hydrogen vaporizer, the helium heat exchanger, and the hydrogen heat exchanger each have a first channel and a second channel therein capable of forming heat exchange contact;

[0009] The liquid hydrogen pipeline is connected in sequence to the liquid hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen pump, the liquid hydrogen stop valve, the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer and the hydrogen engine, and is used to vaporize the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and then transport it to the hydrogen engine;

[0010] The hydrogen liquefaction pipeline is connected in sequence to the gaseous hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the first hydrogen valve, the hydrogen liquefier and the liquid hydrogen inlet of the liquid hydrogen bath, and is used to reliquefy the hydrogen lost by evaporation in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and transport it to the liquid hydrogen bath, thereby replenishing the liquid hydrogen loss in the liquid hydrogen bath caused by heat release during operation of the liquid hydrogen pump;

[0011] The hydrogen pipeline is connected in sequence to the hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen bath, the second hydrogen valve, the second channel of the helium heat exchanger, the para-orthohydrogen conversion cold shield, the third hydrogen valve, the second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger and the hydrogen-air fuel cell, and is used to transport the hydrogen vaporized from the liquid hydrogen bath to the hydrogen-air fuel cell for reaction after para-orthohydrogen conversion and preheating;

[0012] The front end of the air pipeline is connected to the compressor, and the rear end is divided into two branches; the first branch is connected to the hydrogen engine through the first air valve, and the second branch is connected to the hydrogen-air fuel cell through the second air valve, which is used to compress the external air and transport it to the hydrogen engine and the hydrogen-air fuel cell for reaction;

[0013] The high-temperature cooling pipeline is connected in sequence to the high-temperature circulation pump, the high-temperature stop valve, the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, and the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine to form a circulation loop for cooling the hydrogen engine using the cold energy of liquid hydrogen vaporization;

[0014] The medium-temperature cooling pipeline is connected in sequence to the medium-temperature circulation pump, the medium-temperature shut-off valve, the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger, and the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell to form a circulation loop for cooling the hydrogen-air fuel cell using the cooling capacity of the low-temperature hydrogen;

[0015] The electricity generated by the hydrogen-air fuel cell is transmitted to the superconducting magnet through a power line, which can regulate the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet;

[0016] The interior of the vacuum insulation chamber is provided with a magnetic working fluid that can generate a refrigeration effect under the control of an external superconducting magnet; a helium circulation pipeline is sequentially connected to a drive pump, a cryogenic control valve, a magnetic working fluid, and a first channel of a helium heat exchanger to form a circulation loop, which is used to transport the heat generated by the magnetic working fluid to the hydrogen inside the hydrogen pipeline; the other end of the magnetic working fluid is connected to a hydrogen liquefier through a gravity-type cryogenic heat pipe, which is used to transport the cold energy generated by the magnetic working fluid to the hydrogen liquefier, so that the hydrogen inside the hydrogen liquefier is completely liquefied.

[0017] Preferably, the helium circulation pipeline is filled with high-pressure helium medium, and the start and stop control of heat exchange is achieved by driving the pump and the cryogenic control valve.

[0018] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the hydrogen heat exchanger is a gas-liquid heat exchanger.

[0019] Preferably, the hydrogen-air fuel cell realizes magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium by supplying pulse current to the superconducting magnet.

[0020] Preferably, the superconducting magnet is replaced by a permanent magnet, which realizes magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium by controlling its spatial position.

[0021] Preferably, one end of the gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe is located inside the hydrogen liquefier and serves as an evaporation section, and the other end is located inside the vacuum insulation chamber and is filled with a para-ortho-hydrogen conversion catalyst.

[0022] Preferably, the exteriors of the liquid hydrogen pipeline, hydrogen liquefaction pipeline, hydrogen gas pipeline, high-temperature cooling pipeline, medium-temperature cooling pipeline, air pipeline and their connecting components are all provided with insulation materials to prevent heat leakage.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an operating method of a liquid hydrogen storage and supply system using any of the quick start methods described in the first aspect, as follows:

[0024] S1. Fill the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid hydrogen bath with liquid hydrogen; open the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve and start the liquid hydrogen pump. The liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank flows through the liquid hydrogen pump and the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve in sequence through the liquid hydrogen pipeline, and then enters the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer, absorbs heat, completes vaporization, and then enters the hydrogen engine for combustion;

[0025] S2. Open the first hydrogen valve, and the hydrogen generated by heat leakage in the liquid hydrogen storage tank enters the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline, enters the hydrogen liquefier through the first hydrogen valve, and then enters the liquid hydrogen bath after being cooled to liquid hydrogen;

[0026] S3. Open the second and third hydrogen valves. The hydrogen generated by the heat released by the liquid hydrogen pump enters the hydrogen pipeline. In the hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen first enters the helium heat exchanger to absorb the heat released by the high-pressure helium medium, then enters the para-ortho-hydrogen conversion cold screen to undergo para-ortho-hydrogen conversion under catalytic action and absorb heat, thereby reducing the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Then, the hydrogen enters the second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger through the third hydrogen valve to release cold energy, and finally enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell to react and generate electricity.

[0027] S4. Open the first and second air valves and start the compressor. External air enters the air pipe under the action of the compressor and is then divided into two branches. The compressed air in the first branch enters the hydrogen engine through the first air valve to burn and generate kinetic energy. The compressed air in the second branch enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell through the second air valve to react and generate electricity. The hydrogen-air fuel cell supplies pulse current to the superconducting magnet through the power line, thereby achieving control of the magnetic field strength.

[0028] S5. Open the high-temperature shut-off valve and start the high-temperature circulation pump. The heat exchange medium in the high-temperature cooling pipeline passes through the high-temperature circulation pump and the high-temperature shut-off valve in sequence and enters the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer to absorb the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen vaporization and then enters the cooling pipeline of the hydrogen engine to cool it, and the cycle repeats.

[0029] S6. Open the medium-temperature shut-off valve and start the medium-temperature circulation pump. The heat exchange medium in the medium-temperature cooling pipeline passes through the medium-temperature circulation pump and the medium-temperature shut-off valve in sequence and enters the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger to absorb the cold energy of the low-temperature hydrogen to cool it down. Then, it enters the cooling pipeline of the hydrogen-air fuel cell to cool it down, and the cycle repeats.

[0030] S7. During the operation of the system, the magnetic working medium cycles through the isothermal magnetization process, the adiabatic demagnetization process, the isothermal demagnetization process, and the adiabatic magnetization process, as follows:

[0031] S71. Isothermal magnetization process: Open the cryogenic control valve, start the drive pump, and the high-pressure helium medium begins to circulate along the helium circulation pipeline. By adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell, the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet is increased, and the magnetic working medium begins to heat up. The high-pressure helium medium releases heat to the hydrogen in the second channel of the helium heat exchanger, and the magnetic working medium isothermally reduces entropy.

[0032] S72, adiabatic demagnetization process: Close the cryogenic control valve and drive pump, stop the circulation of the high-pressure helium medium in the helium circulation pipeline, and reduce the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell. Since the magnetic working medium is in an adiabatic state inside the vacuum insulation chamber, the magnetic working medium begins to cool down.

[0033] S73, Isothermal Demagnetization Process: The magnetic field of the superconducting magnet is further reduced by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell. The entropy of the magnetic working medium isothermally increases. The gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe transfers the cold energy of the magnetic working medium to the hydrogen liquefier, thereby completing the liquefaction of the hydrogen inside the hydrogen liquefier.

[0034] S74. Adiabatic magnetization process: The gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe is no longer in operation. The magnetic field of the superconducting magnet is increased by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell. The magnetic working fluid undergoes isentropic changes and the temperature rises.

[0035] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following outstanding and beneficial technical effects: placing the liquid hydrogen pump in the liquid hydrogen bath so that its temperature is continuously maintained in the liquid hydrogen temperature range, thereby improving the startup efficiency of the storage and supply system; re-liquefying the hydrogen generated by the liquid hydrogen storage tank and using it as the hydrogen medium source of the liquid hydrogen pool to maintain the dynamic balance of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bath; the hydrogen generated by the heat released by the operation of the liquid hydrogen pump is discharged from the liquid hydrogen bath, and the evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is reduced by absorbing heat through the conversion of para-orthohydrogen; the engine is cooled by the heat of liquid hydrogen vaporization, and the hydrogen-air fuel cell is cooled by low-temperature hydrogen, thereby maximizing the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system.

[0036] The concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a quick-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: liquid hydrogen pipeline 1, liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, liquid hydrogen pump 3, liquid hydrogen bath 4, liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 5, liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6, hydrogen engine 7, hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8, first hydrogen valve 9, hydrogen liquefier 10, hydrogen pipeline 11, second hydrogen valve 12, helium heat exchanger 13, para-orthohydrogen conversion cold shield 14, third hydrogen valve 15, hydrogen heat exchanger 16, hydrogen-air fuel cell 17, air pipeline 18, compressor 19, first air valve 20, second air valve 21, high-temperature cooling pipeline 22, high-temperature circulation pump 23, high-temperature shut-off valve 24, medium-temperature cooling pipeline 25, medium-temperature circulation pump 26, medium-temperature shut-off valve 27, power line 28, superconducting magnet 29, helium circulation pipeline 30, drive pump 31, cryogenic control valve 32, magnetic working medium 33, vacuum insulation chamber 34, gravity-type cryogenic heat pipe 35. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected, that is, there are intermediate elements. On the contrary, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features being described. Therefore, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the expressions “high temperature”, “medium temperature” and “low temperature” in the components “high temperature cooling pipeline 22, high temperature circulation pump 23, high temperature stop valve 24, medium temperature cooling pipeline 25, medium temperature circulation pump 26, medium temperature stop valve 27, low temperature control valve 32, gravity-type low temperature heat pipe 35” are only used for the purpose of distinguishing relative temperatures, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the absolute temperature limit of the indicated technical features.

[0043] See also Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rapid-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system is provided. The system's components primarily include a liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, a liquid hydrogen bath 4, a liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6, a hydrogen engine 7, a helium heat exchanger 13, a hydrogen heat exchanger 16, a hydrogen-air fuel cell 17, an air line 18, a high-temperature cooling line 22, a medium-temperature cooling line 25, a superconducting magnet 29, a helium circulation line 30, and a vacuum insulation chamber 34. The following describes the coordinated operation of these components in detail.

[0044] In the system of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 should be a relatively sealed device for storing liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 is provided with two outlets, namely a liquid hydrogen medium outlet and a gaseous hydrogen medium outlet. Among them, the liquid hydrogen medium outlet is connected to the liquid hydrogen pipeline 1, which is used to transport the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 out; the gaseous hydrogen medium outlet is connected to the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8, which is used to transport the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 that is heated and evaporated into a gaseous state. A para-orthohydrogen conversion cold shield 14 is provided on the outside of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, which uses the cold energy generated during the para-orthohydrogen conversion process to cool the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, thereby reducing the evaporation loss of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the interior of the para-orthohydrogen conversion cold shield 14 is filled with a para-orthohydrogen conversion catalyst, which can catalyze the conversion of para-orthohydrogen to generate cooling capacity. Figure 1 As shown, the present invention preferably sets the para-orthohydrogen conversion cold shield 14 below the outside of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, but it should be clear that the para-orthohydrogen conversion cold shield 14 is not limited to being set only below the outside of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 in actual use, and can be set at a designated position outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 as needed.

[0046] In the system of the present invention, a liquid hydrogen pump 3 is installed within the liquid hydrogen bath 4. When in use, the liquid hydrogen bath 4 is used to hold liquid hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen contained should submerge the liquid hydrogen pump 3 as much as possible, so that the liquid hydrogen pump 3 can always be in the liquid hydrogen temperature range, avoiding the pre-cooling process required during the start-up and shutdown of the storage and supply system. The liquid hydrogen bath 4 is provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. The liquid hydrogen inlet is externally connected to a hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8, and the hydrogen outlet is externally connected to a hydrogen pipeline 11. The hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8 is used to replenish the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bath 4, and the hydrogen pipeline 11 is used to discharge the vaporized hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bath 4.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen bath 4 should be a relatively closed pool structure to prevent leakage of hydrogen gas after vaporization due to heat release during operation of the liquid hydrogen pump 3 during actual use.

[0048] In the system of the present invention, the interior of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 is divided into a first channel and a second channel, forming a heat exchange contact. The first channel is used to pass the heat exchange medium circulating in the high-temperature cooling pipeline 22, and the second channel is used to pass liquid hydrogen. The heat exchange medium can absorb the cold energy generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen to reduce the temperature. The interior of the helium heat exchanger 13 is divided into a first channel and a second channel, forming a heat exchange contact. The first channel is used to pass the high-pressure helium medium, and the second channel is used to pass hydrogen. The hydrogen can absorb the heat generated by the high-pressure helium medium to increase the temperature. The interior of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 is divided into a first channel and a second channel, forming a heat exchange contact. The first channel is used to pass the heat exchange medium circulating in the medium-temperature cooling pipeline 25, and the second channel is used to pass hydrogen. The hydrogen can absorb the heat generated by the heat exchange medium to increase the temperature. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the hydrogen heat exchanger is a gas-liquid heat exchanger.

[0049] In the system of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen pipeline 1 sequentially connects the liquid hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, the liquid hydrogen pump 3, the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 5, the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6, and the hydrogen engine 7 along the medium flow direction. The liquid hydrogen pipeline 1 is used to vaporize the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and transport it to the hydrogen engine 7. In other words, the head end of the liquid hydrogen pipeline 1 is connected to the liquid hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 for outputting the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2; the terminal end of the liquid hydrogen pipeline 1 is connected to the hydrogen engine 7 for transporting the liquid hydrogen vaporized by the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to the hydrogen engine 7, where it can react and burn with the compressed air passing through the first air valve 20.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 5 is provided on the liquid hydrogen pipeline 1 and is located in the external pipeline between the liquid hydrogen bath 4 and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to facilitate control of valve opening and closing and maintenance.

[0051] In the system of the present invention, the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8 sequentially connects the gaseous hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, the first hydrogen valve 9, the hydrogen liquefier 10, and the liquid hydrogen inlet of the liquid hydrogen bath 4. The hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8 is used to reliquefy the hydrogen lost by evaporation from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and transport it to the liquid hydrogen bath 4, thereby replenishing the liquid hydrogen loss in the liquid hydrogen bath 4 caused by the heat released by the operation of the liquid hydrogen pump 3. In other words, the head end of the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8 is connected to the gaseous hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, and is used to output the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2; the end of the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8 is connected to the liquid hydrogen inlet of the liquid hydrogen bath 4.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first hydrogen valve 9 is provided on the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8 and is located in the external pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the hydrogen liquefier 10 to facilitate control of valve opening and closing and maintenance.

[0053] In the system of the present invention, the hydrogen pipeline 11 sequentially connects the hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen bath 4, the second hydrogen valve 12, the second channel of the helium heat exchanger 13, the para-ortho-hydrogen conversion cold shield 14, the third hydrogen valve 15, the second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16, and the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17. The hydrogen pipeline 11 is used to transport the hydrogen vaporized from the liquid hydrogen bath 4, after para-ortho-hydrogen conversion and preheating, to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 for reaction. Specifically, the head end of the hydrogen pipeline 11 is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen bath 4, for transporting the vaporized hydrogen generated in the liquid hydrogen bath 4 by the heat released by the operation of the liquid hydrogen pump 3. The terminal end of the hydrogen pipeline 11 is connected to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17, for transporting the preheated hydrogen to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17, where it can react with compressed air passing through the second air valve 21 to generate electricity. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second hydrogen valve 12 is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline 11 and is located in the external pipeline between the liquid hydrogen bath 4 and the helium heat exchanger 13, and the third hydrogen valve 15 is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline 11 and is located in the external pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the hydrogen heat exchanger 16, so as to facilitate the control of valve opening and closing and maintenance.

[0054] In the system of the present invention, the front end of the air pipeline 18 is connected to the compressor 19, and the rear end is divided into two branches (i.e., a first branch and a second branch). The first branch is connected to the hydrogen engine 7 through the first air valve 20, and is used to compress the external air and deliver it to the hydrogen engine 7 to react with the liquid hydrogen vaporized by the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6; the second branch is connected to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 through the second air valve 21, and is used to compress the external air and deliver it to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 to react with the hydrogen preheated by the hydrogen heat exchanger 16.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first air valve 20 is arranged in the external pipeline between the compressor 19 and the hydrogen engine 7, and the second air valve 21 is arranged in the external pipeline between the compressor 19 and the hydrogen engine 7 to facilitate control of valve opening and closing and maintenance.

[0056] In the system of the present invention, the high-temperature cooling pipeline 22 connects the high-temperature circulation pump 23, the high-temperature shut-off valve 24, the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6, and the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine 7 in sequence along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium, forming a circulation loop. The high-temperature cooling pipeline 22 can use the cold energy generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen to cool the hydrogen engine 7. In other words, the heat exchange medium absorbs the cold energy generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to cool down. Then, under the power of the high-temperature circulation pump 23, it enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine 7, cools the hydrogen engine 7, and then heats it up. Then, it continues to enter the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to absorb the cold energy generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen to cool down. Then, it enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine 7, cools the hydrogen engine 7, and then heats it up, thus realizing a heating-cooling cycle of the heat exchange medium.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature shut-off valve 24 is provided in the external pipeline between the high-temperature circulation pump 23 and the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to facilitate control of valve opening and closing and maintenance.

[0058] In the system of the present invention, the medium-temperature cooling pipeline 25 connects the medium-temperature circulation pump 26, the medium-temperature shut-off valve 27, the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16, and the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 in sequence along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium, forming a circulation loop. The medium-temperature cooling pipeline 25 uses the cold energy of the low-temperature hydrogen to cool the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17. In other words, the heat exchange medium absorbs the cold energy generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 to cool down. Then, under the power of the medium-temperature circulation pump 26, it enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17, cooling the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 and then raising its temperature. Then, it continues to enter the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 to absorb the cold energy generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen and then cool down. Then, it enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 again, cooling the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 and then raising its temperature, thus achieving a heating-cooling cycle for the heat exchange medium. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium-temperature shut-off valve 27 is disposed in the external pipeline between the medium-temperature circulation pump 26 and the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 to facilitate valve opening and closing control and maintenance.

[0059] In the system of the present invention, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 is transmitted to the superconducting magnet 29 via a power line 28, thereby regulating the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet 29. The superconducting magnet 29 is located outside the vacuum insulation chamber 34, and a magnetic working medium 33 is provided inside the vacuum insulation chamber 34. The magnetic working medium 33 can produce a cooling effect under the regulation of the external superconducting magnet 29. In actual use, the hydrogen-air fuel cell supplies a pulsed current to the superconducting magnet to achieve magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the superconducting magnet can be replaced with a permanent magnet. In this case, the permanent magnet achieves magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium by controlling its spatial position.

[0060] In the system of the present invention, the helium circulation pipeline 30 is filled with a high-pressure helium medium. Along the medium's flow direction, it sequentially connects a drive pump 31, a cryogenic control valve 32, a magnetic working medium 33, and the first channel of the helium heat exchanger 13 to form a circulation loop. The helium circulation pipeline 30 transfers the heat generated by the magnetic working medium 33 to the hydrogen gas within the hydrogen pipeline 11. In other words, the high-pressure helium medium absorbs the heat generated by the magnetic working medium 33 and then, driven by the drive pump 31, enters the first channel of the helium heat exchanger 13. The hydrogen gas in the second channel of the helium heat exchanger 13 absorbs the heat generated by the high-pressure helium medium, raising its temperature while simultaneously cooling the high-pressure helium medium in the first channel of the helium heat exchanger 13. The hydrogen gas then reabsorbs the heat generated by the magnetic working medium 33, completing a heating-and-cooling cycle for the high-pressure helium medium.

[0061] In the system of the present invention, the other end of the magnetic working medium 33 is connected to a gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe 35, which can transport the cooling energy generated by the magnetic working medium 33 to the hydrogen liquefier 10, thereby liquefying the hydrogen inside the hydrogen liquefier 10. In actual use, the gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe has an evaporation section within the hydrogen liquefier, a condensation section within the vacuum insulation chamber, and an insulation section between the two sections.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a layer of insulation material should be laid on the outside of the liquid hydrogen pipeline, hydrogen liquefaction pipeline, hydrogen gas pipeline, high-temperature cooling pipeline, medium-temperature cooling pipeline, air pipeline and their connecting parts to prevent heat leakage.

[0063] In another embodiment of the present invention, based on the above Figure 1 The quick-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system shown in the figure also provides an operating method of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, which is as follows:

[0064] It should be noted that this method first controls all valves to be in a closed state, all devices to be in a stopped state, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen bath 4 to be filled with an appropriate amount of liquid hydrogen.

[0065] S1. Open the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 5 and start the liquid hydrogen pump 3. The liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 flows through the liquid hydrogen pipeline 1, passes through the liquid hydrogen pump 3 and the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 5 in sequence, and then enters the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6. After absorbing heat and completing vaporization, it enters the hydrogen engine 7 for combustion.

[0066] S2. Open the first hydrogen valve 9. The hydrogen generated by heat leakage in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 enters the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline 8, enters the hydrogen liquefier 10 through the first hydrogen valve 9, and enters the liquid hydrogen bath 4 after being cooled into liquid hydrogen.

[0067] S3. Open the second hydrogen valve 12 and the third hydrogen valve 15. Hydrogen generated by the heat released by the operation of the liquid hydrogen pump 3 enters the hydrogen pipeline 11. In the hydrogen pipeline 11, the hydrogen first enters the helium heat exchanger 13 to absorb the heat released by the high-pressure helium medium. It then enters the para-ortho-hydrogen conversion cold shield 14 to undergo para-ortho-hydrogen conversion under catalytic action and absorb heat, reducing the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2. The hydrogen then passes through the third hydrogen valve 15 and enters the second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 to release cold energy. Finally, the hydrogen enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 to react and generate electricity.

[0068] S4. Open the first and second air valves 20 and 21, starting the compressor 19. External air enters the air line 18 under the action of the compressor 19 and is then split into two branches. The compressed air in the first branch passes through the first air valve 20 and enters the hydrogen engine 7, where it is burned to generate kinetic energy. The compressed air in the second branch passes through the second air valve 21 and enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17, where it reacts to generate electrical energy. The hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 supplies pulsed current to the superconducting magnet 29 via the power line 28, thereby regulating the magnetic field strength.

[0069] S5. Open the high-temperature stop valve 24 and start the high-temperature circulation pump 23. The heat exchange medium in the high-temperature cooling pipeline 22 passes through the high-temperature circulation pump 23 and the high-temperature stop valve 24 in sequence and enters the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 6 to absorb the cold energy of liquid hydrogen vaporization to cool down, and then enters the cooling pipeline of the hydrogen engine 7 to cool it, and circulates back and forth.

[0070] S6. Open the medium-temperature shut-off valve 27 and start the medium-temperature circulation pump 26. The heat exchange medium in the medium-temperature cooling pipeline 25 passes through the medium-temperature circulation pump 26 and the medium-temperature shut-off valve 27 in sequence and enters the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger 16 to absorb the cold energy of the low-temperature hydrogen to cool it down. Then, it enters the cooling pipeline of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 to cool it down, and the cycle repeats.

[0071] S7. During the operation of the system, the magnetic working medium 33 and its accessories cycle through the four steps of isothermal magnetization, adiabatic demagnetization, isothermal demagnetization, and adiabatic magnetization, as follows:

[0072] S71. Isothermal magnetization process: Open the cryogenic control valve 32, start the drive pump 31, and the high-pressure helium medium begins to circulate along the helium circulation pipeline 30. The magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 29 is increased by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17. The magnetic working medium 33 begins to heat up, and the high-pressure helium medium releases heat to the hydrogen in the second channel of the helium heat exchanger 13. At the same time, the magnetic working medium 33 isothermally reduces entropy.

[0073] S72, adiabatic demagnetization process: close the low-temperature control valve 32 and the drive pump 31, stop the circulation of the high-pressure helium medium in the helium circulation pipeline 30, and reduce the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 29 by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17. Since the magnetic working medium 33 is in an adiabatic state inside the vacuum insulation chamber 34, the magnetic working medium 33 begins to cool down.

[0074] S73, isothermal demagnetization process: The magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 29 is further reduced by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17, and the entropy of the magnetic working medium 33 is isothermally increased. The gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe 35 transfers the cold energy of the magnetic working medium 33 to the hydrogen liquefier 10, so that the hydrogen inside the hydrogen liquefier 10 is completely liquefied.

[0075] S74, adiabatic magnetization process: the gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe 35 is no longer in operation, and the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 29 is increased by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17, causing the magnetic working medium 33 to undergo isentropic changes and its temperature to rise.

[0076] It should be noted that the numbers in the above steps (such as S1 to S7, etc.) do not specifically refer to the order of operations in actual use, but are only used to distinguish the implementation of a certain path or a certain function. In actual operation, several or single steps can be performed simultaneously, separately or sequentially as needed.

[0077] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A quick-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, characterized in that: It includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), a liquid hydrogen bath (4), a liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6), a hydrogen engine (7), a helium heat exchanger (13), a hydrogen heat exchanger (16), a hydrogen-air fuel cell (17), an air pipeline (18), a high-temperature cooling pipeline (22), a medium-temperature cooling pipeline (25), a superconducting magnet (29), a helium circulation pipeline (30) and a vacuum insulation chamber (34); The liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) is provided with a liquid hydrogen medium outlet and a gaseous hydrogen medium outlet, the liquid hydrogen medium outlet is connected to the liquid hydrogen pipeline (1), and the gaseous hydrogen medium outlet is connected to the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline (8); a para-orthohydrogen conversion cold shield (14) is provided outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), and the para-orthohydrogen conversion cold shield (14) is used to utilize the cold energy of the para-orthohydrogen conversion to reduce the evaporation loss of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2); The liquid hydrogen bath (4) is provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen gas outlet, and a liquid hydrogen pump (3) is provided inside; the liquid hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen gas outlet are respectively connected to a hydrogen liquefaction pipeline (8) for replenishing liquid hydrogen and a hydrogen gas pipeline (11) for discharging vaporized hydrogen; The liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6), the helium heat exchanger (13) and the hydrogen heat exchanger (16) each have a first channel and a second channel therein capable of forming heat exchange contact; The liquid hydrogen pipeline (1) is sequentially connected to the liquid hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), the liquid hydrogen pump (3), the liquid hydrogen stop valve (5), the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6), and the hydrogen engine (7), and is used to vaporize the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and then transport it to the hydrogen engine (7); The hydrogen liquefaction pipeline (8) is connected in sequence to the gaseous hydrogen medium outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), the first hydrogen valve (9), the hydrogen liquefier (10) and the liquid hydrogen inlet of the liquid hydrogen bath (4), and is used to reliquefy the hydrogen lost due to evaporation in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and transport it to the liquid hydrogen bath (4), thereby replenishing the liquid hydrogen loss in the liquid hydrogen bath (4) caused by heat release during operation of the liquid hydrogen pump (3); The hydrogen pipeline (11) is connected in sequence to the hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen bath (4), the second hydrogen valve (12), the second channel of the helium heat exchanger (13), the para-orthohydrogen conversion cold shield (14), the third hydrogen valve (15), the second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger (16) and the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17), and is used to transport the hydrogen vaporized from the liquid hydrogen bath (4) to the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) for reaction after para-orthohydrogen conversion and preheating; The front end of the air pipeline (18) is connected to the compressor (19), and the rear end is divided into two branches; the first branch is connected to the hydrogen engine (7) through the first air valve (20), and the second branch is connected to the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) through the second air valve (21), and is used to compress the external air and transport it to the hydrogen engine (7) and the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) for reaction; The high-temperature cooling pipeline (22) is sequentially connected to the high-temperature circulation pump (23), the high-temperature stop valve (24), the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6), and the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine (7) to form a circulation loop for cooling the hydrogen engine (7) using the cold energy of liquid hydrogen vaporization; The medium-temperature cooling pipeline (25) is sequentially connected to the medium-temperature circulation pump (26), the medium-temperature stop valve (27), the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger (16), and the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) to form a circulation loop for cooling the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) using the cold energy of the low-temperature hydrogen; The electric energy generated by the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) is transmitted to the superconducting magnet (29) through the power line (28), and the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet (29) can be regulated; The interior of the vacuum insulation chamber (34) is provided with a magnetic working medium (33) capable of generating a refrigeration effect under the control of an external superconducting magnet (29); a helium circulation pipeline (30) is sequentially connected to a driving pump (31), a cryogenic control valve (32), the magnetic working medium (33), and a first channel of a helium heat exchanger (13) to form a circulation loop for transferring heat generated by the magnetic working medium (33) to hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline (11); the other end of the magnetic working medium (33) is connected to a hydrogen liquefier (10) via a gravity-type cryogenic heat pipe (35) for transferring the cold energy generated by the magnetic working medium (33) to the hydrogen liquefier (10), thereby completing the liquefaction of the hydrogen in the hydrogen liquefier (10).

2. A rapid start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The helium circulation pipeline (30) is filled with high-pressure helium medium, and the start and stop control of heat exchange is achieved through the driving pump (31) and the low-temperature control valve (32).

3. A rapid start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6) is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the hydrogen heat exchanger (16) is a gas-liquid heat exchanger.

4. A rapid start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) supplies pulse current to the superconducting magnet (29) to achieve magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium.

5. A rapid start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superconducting magnet (29) is replaced by a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet realizes magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic working medium (33) through spatial position control.

6. A rapid start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe (35) is located inside the hydrogen liquefier (10) and serves as an evaporation section, the other end is located inside the vacuum insulation chamber (34) and serves as a condensation section, and the remaining portion between the two serves as an insulation section.

7. The rapid start-up liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the para-ortho-hydrogen conversion cold screen (14) is filled with a para-ortho-hydrogen conversion catalyst.

8. The rapid start-up liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exteriors of the liquid hydrogen pipeline (1), hydrogen liquefaction pipeline (8), hydrogen gas pipeline (11), high-temperature cooling pipeline (22), medium-temperature cooling pipeline (25), air pipeline (18) and their connecting components are all provided with heat-insulating materials to prevent heat leakage.

9. A method for operating a liquid hydrogen storage and supply system using the rapid start-up method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The details are as follows: S1, filling the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and the liquid hydrogen bath (4) with liquid hydrogen; opening the liquid hydrogen stop valve (5), starting the liquid hydrogen pump (3), and the liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) flows through the liquid hydrogen pipeline (1) in sequence through the liquid hydrogen pump (3) and the liquid hydrogen stop valve (5), and then enters the second channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6), absorbs heat and completes vaporization before entering the hydrogen engine (7) for combustion; S2. Open the first hydrogen valve (9), and the hydrogen generated by heat leakage in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) enters the hydrogen liquefaction pipeline (8), enters the hydrogen liquefier (10) through the first hydrogen valve (9), and enters the liquid hydrogen bath (4) after being cooled to liquid hydrogen; S3, opening the second hydrogen valve (12) and the third hydrogen valve (15), and the hydrogen generated by the heat release of the liquid hydrogen pump (3) enters the hydrogen pipeline (11); in the hydrogen pipeline (11), the hydrogen first enters the helium heat exchanger (13) to absorb the heat released by the high-pressure helium medium, and then enters the para-ortho-hydrogen conversion cold screen (14) to undergo para-ortho-hydrogen conversion under catalytic action and absorb heat, thereby reducing the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2), and then enters the second channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger (16) through the third hydrogen valve (15) to release cold energy, and finally enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) to react and generate electricity; S4. Open the first air valve (20) and the second air valve (21), start the compressor (19), and the external air enters the air pipe (18) under the action of the compressor (19), and then is divided into two branches; the compressed air in the first branch passes through the first air valve (20) and enters the hydrogen engine (7) to burn and generate kinetic energy, and the compressed air in the second branch passes through the second air valve (21) and enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) to react and generate electrical energy; the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) supplies pulse current to the superconducting magnet (29) through the power line (28), thereby realizing the regulation of the magnetic field intensity; S5. Open the high-temperature stop valve (24), start the high-temperature circulation pump (23), and the heat exchange medium in the high-temperature cooling pipeline (22) passes through the high-temperature circulation pump (23) and the high-temperature stop valve (24) in sequence and enters the first channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer (6) to absorb the cold energy of liquid hydrogen vaporization and cool it down, and then enters the cooling pipeline of the hydrogen engine (7) to cool it, and circulates back and forth; S6, open the medium temperature stop valve (27), start the medium temperature circulation pump (26), and the heat exchange medium in the medium temperature cooling pipeline (25) passes through the medium temperature circulation pump (26) and the medium temperature stop valve (27) in sequence and enters the first channel of the hydrogen heat exchanger (16) to absorb the cold energy of the low temperature hydrogen and then enters the cooling pipeline of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) to cool it, and circulates back and forth; S7. During the operation of the system, the magnetic working medium (33) cycles through an isothermal magnetization process, an adiabatic demagnetization process, an isothermal demagnetization process, and an adiabatic magnetization process, as follows: S71, isothermal magnetization process: open the low-temperature control valve (32), start the drive pump (31), and the high-pressure helium medium begins to circulate along the helium circulation pipeline (30). By adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17), the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet (29) is increased, and the magnetic working medium (33) begins to heat up. The high-pressure helium medium releases heat to the hydrogen in the second channel of the helium heat exchanger (13), and at the same time, the magnetic working medium (33) isothermally reduces entropy. S72, adiabatic demagnetization process: the low-temperature control valve (32) and the driving pump (31) are closed, the high-pressure helium medium in the helium circulation pipeline (30) stops circulating, and the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet (29) is reduced by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17). Since the magnetic working medium (33) is in an adiabatic state inside the vacuum insulation chamber (34), the magnetic working medium (33) begins to cool down; S73, isothermal demagnetization process: the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet (29) is further reduced by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17), the entropy of the magnetic working medium (33) is isothermally increased, and the gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe (35) transfers the cold energy of the magnetic working medium (33) to the hydrogen liquefier (10), so that the hydrogen inside the hydrogen liquefier (10) is completely liquefied; S74, adiabatic magnetization process: the gravity-type low-temperature heat pipe (35) is no longer in operation, and the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet (29) is increased by adjusting the output current of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17), and the magnetic working medium (33) undergoes isentropic changes and its temperature rises.

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