Substrate block seedling whole-tray picking and seedling separating device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for taking and separating seedlings from a whole tray of substrate block seedlings. The device for taking and separating seedlings from a whole tray of substrate block seedlings is characterized in that it comprises a frame, a combined seedling tray, a primary conveying mechanism, a seedling separating mechanism, a secondary conveying mechanism and a seedling taking mechanism. The combined seedling tray is located above the primary conveying mechanism. The primary conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of primary conveyor belts, and the secondary conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of secondary conveyor belts. The combined seedling tray comprises a box-shaped frame, and a bottom plate that can be pulled out is arranged at the bottom of the frame. The seedling separating mechanism comprises a plurality of turning plates, and the turning plates have a seedling conveying state flush with the primary conveyor belts and the secondary conveyor belts, and a turning and seedling blocking state at a preset angle with respect to the primary conveyor belts and the secondary conveyor belts. The present invention can achieve the shedding of a whole row of substrate block seedlings, realize the individual separation, conveying, whole-row clamping and seedling throwing of each row of substrate block seedlings, thereby avoiding manual seedling throwing one by one or single-row seedling taking and liberating the labor force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for taking and separating seedlings from a whole tray of substrate block seedlings, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery. Background Art

[0002] Transplanting is an important way of vegetable planting. First, seeds are cultivated into seedlings in an environment with appropriate temperature, moisture and nutrients. When the seedlings grow to a certain state, they are transplanted into the soil. Compared with the direct seeding planting method, transplanting has the comprehensive benefits of resisting bad weather and extending the growth cycle, can make full use of light and heat energy, advance the growth period of crops, eliminate the influence of bad weather on crops, improve the survival rate of seedlings, and at the same time extend the growth period of crops, which can effectively improve the yield and quality of vegetables, and has significant effects of cost reduction, yield increase and income increase.

[0003] At present, the main ways of transplanting vegetable seedlings are plug seedlings, bare seedlings and substrate block seedlings, etc. Because the blocks of substrate block seedlings are regular in shape and good in standing stability, they can effectively inhibit lodging after planting, and there is no partition between the seedling blocks, so that whole-row seedling taking can be realized, the seedling taking efficiency can be improved, the requirements for seedling raising quality are low during mechanical transplanting, and the seedling age and plant morphology do not affect the seedling taking and separating effect. Therefore, substrate block seedlings are an effective seedling raising method to ensure the vegetable planting quality, improve the transplanting efficiency and realize high-speed transplanting.

[0004] According to the applicant's understanding, the existing automatic transplanting machines mostly take and separate plug seedlings, but the shapes and structures of plug seedlings and substrate block seedlings are different, and they cannot be used for taking and separating seedlings from the seedling trays of substrate block seedlings. At present, the transplanting operation of vegetable substrate block seedlings mainly relies on manual seedling separation, but manual seedling separation has defects such as high labor intensity and low operation efficiency, and it is difficult to realize large-scale vegetable transplanting, which seriously restricts the development and application of transplanting machines. For the above-mentioned difficulties in the development of vegetable transplanting machines and production requirements, through the design of special seedling trays, the design and optimization of the seedling taking-separating mechanism are the main ways to solve the problems.

[0005] After retrieval, the Chinese patent with the publication number CN113303056A (publication date: August 27, 2021) discloses an automatic seedling taking and feeding device for a vegetable transplanting machine. This device uses a cylinder to push the seedlings, and cooperates with chain drive for seedling feeding and belt drive for seedling dropping, so as to realize taking seedlings from a single row of vegetable substrate block seedlings. However, in this patent, only single-row substrate block seedlings can be taken and separated each time, and the operation efficiency is still low. The low seedling taking efficiency has also become one of the key factors restricting the full-process automatic transplanting of vegetable substrate block seedlings. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to improve the seedling taking and separating efficiency of the device for taking and separating substrate block seedlings.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions: a substrate block seedling whole tray seedling picking and separating device, comprising a frame, a combined seedling tray, a primary conveying mechanism, a seedling separating mechanism, a secondary conveying mechanism and a seedling picking mechanism, wherein the primary conveying mechanism, the seedling separating mechanism, the secondary conveying mechanism and the seedling picking mechanism are sequentially arranged on the frame, and the combined seedling tray is located above the primary conveying mechanism;

[0008] The primary conveying mechanism includes a plurality of primary conveying belts arranged in parallel, and the secondary conveying mechanism includes a plurality of secondary conveying belts corresponding to the primary conveying belts one by one; partitions are provided on both sides of the primary conveying belts, and the combined seedling tray includes a box-shaped frame, the frame has a accommodating space corresponding to the primary conveying mechanism, and a removable bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the frame;

[0009] The seedling separation mechanism includes a plurality of flip plates located between the primary conveyor belt and the corresponding secondary conveyor belt, the flip plates are hinged on the frame and correspond to the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt one by one, the flip plates have a seedling transporting state flush with the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt, and a flipped seedling blocking state at a preset angle to the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt;

[0010] The seedling picking mechanism includes a seedling picking claw, a slider and a guide rail, the seedling picking claw is installed on the slider, the guide rail is perpendicular to the secondary conveyor belt, the slider drives the seedling picking claw to move back and forth along the guide rail, and there are multiple seedling picking claws that correspond one to one with the secondary conveyor belt.

[0011] The structure and coordination relationship of the combined seedling tray and the primary conveying mechanism in the present invention are all prior arts, which mainly realize the whole tray of matrix seedlings falling off to the primary conveying mechanism. Please refer to the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN115735498A and name "Device for falling off the whole tray of vegetable matrix seedlings", which was published on March 7, 2023. The above-mentioned technical means are described in detail and will not be repeated in the present invention.

[0012] The seedling-picking claws in the present invention are also prior art. For example, the "pneumatic clamping claw type seedling-picking manipulator" disclosed in the Chinese patent with publication number CN202127606U (publication date February 1, 2012) can be used. Of course, other forms of seedling-picking claws in the prior art can also be used.

[0013] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: First, seedlings are grown in a combined seedling tray. The substrate block seedlings are arranged in rows and located in the combined tray, and there needs to be a gap between adjacent rows of substrate block seedlings. Place the combined seedling tray above the primary conveying mechanism, that is, when the bottom end of the combined seedling tray cooperates with the primary conveying mechanism, it forms an up-and-down structure. The rows of substrate block seedlings in the combined seedling tray correspond one by one to the primary conveyor belt of the primary conveying mechanism. Pull out the bottom drawplate of the combined seedling tray, and the substrate block seedlings fall onto the corresponding primary conveying mechanism below. The primary conveyor belt in the primary conveying mechanism serves as a conveying track to convey the substrate block seedlings to the secondary conveying mechanism. The seedling separation mechanism is arranged between the primary conveying mechanism and the secondary conveying mechanism. The turning plate is flush with the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt. After a single substrate block seedling is conveyed to the secondary conveyor belt, the turning plate lifts upward. The lifted turning plate prevents the subsequent substrate block seedlings from being conveyed forward. After the seedling picking mechanism clamps the individually separated substrate block seedlings, the seedling picking claws move along the slide rail driven by the slider to a preset position to complete the seedling dropping action. Then the turning plate resets to be flush with the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt, and the seedling picking mechanism also quickly resets to the position where the substrate block seedlings are to be clamped. Repeating the above actions can complete the seedling picking and separation actions of the entire combined seedling tray.

[0014] The present invention performs multi-row simultaneous seedling separation and picking on the combined seedling tray. Compared with the prior art where only single-row substrate block seedlings are separated and picked each time, in this application, the substrate block seedlings can fall off the entire tray, and through the cooperation of the primary conveyor belt, the secondary conveyor belt, and the turning plate, the seedling separation and picking can be carried out automatically and stably, thus greatly improving the efficiency of seedling separation and picking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the primary conveying mechanism.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the seedling separation mechanism.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the seedling picking mechanism.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the combined seedling tray.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1, frame; 2, combined seedling tray; 3, primary conveying mechanism; 4, seedling separating mechanism; 5, secondary conveying mechanism; 6, seedling picking mechanism; 7, substrate block seedling; 2-1, frame; 2-2, first inner partition; 2-3, bottom plate; 2-4, handle; 3-1, motor; 3-2, primary conveyor belt; 3-3, second inner partition; 3-4, outer side plate; 4-1, cylinder; 4-2, piston rod; 4-3, connecting rod; 4-4, turning plate; 6-1, guide rail; 6-2, slider; 6-3, seedling picking claw. Detailed implementation

[0022] This embodiment relates to a device for picking and separating seedlings from a whole tray of substrate block seedlings. As Figures 1 - 5 shown, it includes a frame 1, a combined seedling tray 2, a primary conveying mechanism 3, a secondary conveying mechanism 5, a seedling separating mechanism 4, and a seedling picking mechanism 6. The primary conveying mechanism 3, the seedling separating mechanism 4, the secondary conveying mechanism 5, and the seedling picking mechanism 6 are sequentially arranged on the frame 1, and the combined seedling tray 2 is located above the primary conveying mechanism 3.

[0023] As Figure 1 shown, the primary conveying mechanism 3 includes a plurality of parallel primary conveyor belts 3-2. The secondary conveying mechanism 5 includes a plurality of secondary conveyor belts corresponding one-to-one to the primary conveyor belts 3-2. Obviously, the primary conveyor belt 3-2 and the corresponding secondary conveyor belt are on the same straight line. As Figure 2 shown, the primary conveyor belt 3-2 is driven by a motor 3-1. Outer side plates 3-4 are provided on both sides of the primary conveying mechanism 3, and second inner partitions 3-3 are provided between adjacent primary conveyor belts 3-2. During use, the adjacent rows of substrate block seedlings 7 are separated by the second inner partitions 3-3.

[0024] The combined seedling tray 2 is as Figure 5 shown, including a box-shaped frame 2-1. The frame 2-1 has an accommodation space corresponding to the primary conveying mechanism 3 and is divided into multiple rows by a first inner partition 2-2, corresponding one-to-one to the primary conveyor belts 3-2. A bottom plate 2-3 is provided at the bottom of the frame 2-1, and the bottom plate 2-3 can be pulled out. The first inner partition 2-2 of the combined seedling tray 2 can be inserted into the second inner partition 3-3 and move up and down along the second inner partition 3-3. The structures and cooperation relationships of the combined seedling tray 2 and the primary conveying mechanism 3 are both prior arts, mainly realizing the whole tray shedding of the substrate block seedlings 7 onto the primary conveying mechanism 3. Reference can be made to the Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN115735498A and the name "Device for Whole Tray Shedding of Vegetable Substrate Block Seedlings 7". Preferably, a handle 2-4 is provided on the bottom plate 2-3 to facilitate the pulling out of the bottom plate 2-3.

[0025] The seedling separating mechanism 4 includes multiple turning plates 4-4 located between the first-level conveyor belt 3-2 and the corresponding second-level conveyor belt. The turning plates 4-4 are all hinged to the frame 1 and correspond to the first-level conveyor belt 3-2 and the second-level conveyor belt one by one. The turning plates 4-4 have a seedling conveying state flush with the first-level conveyor belt 3-2 and the second-level conveyor belt (realizing the feeding of single substrate block seedlings and enabling the single forward conveyance of substrate block seedlings to the position to be clamped), and a turning and seedling blocking state at a preset angle with the first-level conveyor belt 3-2 and the second-level conveyor belt. Preferably, as Figure 3 shown, the turning plate 4-4 is driven by a cylinder 4-1. The cylinder body of the cylinder 4-1 is fixed on the frame 1. The piston rod 4-2 of the cylinder 4-1 is connected to the turning plate 4-4 through a connecting rod 4-3. The two ends of the connecting rod 4-3 are respectively hinged to the piston rod 4-2 of the cylinder 4-1 and the turning plate 4-4, and are realized by the extension and retraction of the cylinder piston rod.

[0026] As Figure 4 shown, the seedling picking mechanism 6 includes seedling picking claws 6-3, a slider 6-2 and a guide rail 6-1. The seedling picking claws 6-3 are installed on the slider 6-2. The guide rail 6-1 is perpendicular to the second-level conveyor belt. The slider 6-2 drives the seedling picking claws 6-3 to reciprocate along the guide rail 6-1. There are multiple seedling picking claws 6-3 and they correspond to the second-level conveyor belt one by one.

[0027] Preferably, the seedling picking claws 6-3 are pneumatic clamping type seedling picking claws. However, since the substrate block seedlings 7 are closely arranged on the second-level conveyor belt and the spacing between two adjacent rows of substrate block seedlings 7 is very small. Therefore, when picking adjacent two rows of substrate block seedlings 7, the pneumatic clamping type seedling picking claws will interfere, affecting the normal seedling picking work. At this time, as Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, preferably, the seedling picking mechanism 6 is divided into upper and lower layers, that is, it includes an upper guide rail 6-1, a lower guide rail 6-1, an upper slider 6-2 sliding along the upper guide rail 6-1, and a lower slider 6-2 sliding along the lower guide rail 6-1. The upper slider 6-2 and the lower slider 6-2 are both installed with seedling picking claws 6-3. The seedling picking claws 6-3 of the upper slider 6-2 and the lower slider 6-2 are arranged at intervals (for example, assuming there are 6 rows of substrate block seedlings, the seedling picking claws of the upper slider 6-2 pick the 1st, 3rd, and 5th rows of substrate block seedlings, while the seedling picking claws of the lower slider 6-2 pick the 2nd, 4th, and 6th rows of substrate block seedlings) for picking seedlings and move alternately to realize the seedling throwing action. Specifically, when the seedling picking claws of the upper slider 6-2 pick seedlings, the seedling picking claws of the lower slider are at the seedling throwing position on one side of the second-level conveying mechanism, so there will be no interference. And when the seedling picking claws of the upper slider 6-2 move to the side seedling throwing position of the second-level conveying mechanism, the seedling picking claws of the lower slider return to the position to be picked, and there will also be no interference; repeating this way, the seedling picking work after seedling separation is completed.

Claims

1. A device for taking and separating seedlings from a whole tray of substrate block seedlings, characterized in that: It includes a frame, a combined seedling tray, a primary conveying mechanism, a seedling separating mechanism, a secondary conveying mechanism and a seedling picking mechanism. The primary conveying mechanism, the seedling separating mechanism, the secondary conveying mechanism and the seedling picking mechanism are sequentially arranged on the frame, and the combined seedling tray is located above the primary conveying mechanism; The primary conveying mechanism includes a plurality of parallel primary conveyor belts, and the secondary conveying mechanism includes a plurality of secondary conveyor belts corresponding one by one to the primary conveyor belts; the combined seedling tray includes a box-shaped frame, the frame has a receiving space corresponding to the primary conveying mechanism, and a bottom plate that can be pulled out is provided at the bottom of the frame; The seedling separating mechanism includes a plurality of turning plates located between the primary conveyor belt and the corresponding secondary conveyor belt. The turning plates are all hinged on the frame and correspond one by one to the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt. The turning plates have a seedling conveying state flush with the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt, and a turning and seedling blocking state at a preset angle with the primary conveyor belt and the secondary conveyor belt; The seedling picking mechanism includes seedling picking claws, sliders and guide rails. The seedling picking claws are installed on the sliders. The guide rails are perpendicular to the secondary conveyor belts. The sliders drive the seedling picking claws to reciprocate along the guide rails. There are a plurality of seedling picking claws and they correspond one by one to the secondary conveyor belts.

2. The substrate block seedling whole tray taking and seedling separating device according to claim 1, wherein: The turning plate is driven by a cylinder. The cylinder block of the cylinder is fixed on the frame, and the piston rod of the cylinder is connected to the turning plate through a connecting rod. The two ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged to the piston rod of the cylinder and the turning plate.

3. The substrate block seedling whole-tray taking and seedling separating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The seedling picking claws are pneumatic clamping type seedling picking claws; the seedling picking mechanism is divided into upper and lower layers, that is, it includes an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail, an upper slider sliding along the upper guide rail, and a lower slider sliding along the lower guide rail. The upper slider and the lower slider are both installed with seedling picking claws. The seedling picking claws of the upper slider and the lower slider are arranged at intervals and move alternately.

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