A method for planting Setaria viridis in arid areas of Northwest China

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for planting Setaria viridis in the arid areas of Northwest China. The method belongs to the field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the following steps: planting in an area below 1800m above sea level to increase the seed setting rate and maturity; selecting a deep and flat soil layer, and adopting measures such as applying base fertilizer and irrigating before sowing to accelerate the emergence of seedlings and improve the survival rate; screening seeds by water sorting to improve the seed purity and germination rate; sowing in an area with an air temperature of above 20°C and a soil moisture content of 30% to 40% after irrigating for 5 days to increase the emergence rate of Setaria viridis; adopting a fixed and quantitative drip irrigation and topdressing to achieve water-saving and efficient irrigation and nutrient supplementation; and timely mowing and harvesting according to the growth characteristics of the plant to increase the biological yield and seed quality of Setaria viridis. The method improves the production efficiency of Setaria viridis, accelerates the grassland establishment process of Setaria viridis, and provides technical support for ensuring the promotion and utilization of Setaria viridis in the arid areas of Northwest China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a method for planting Setaria viridis in the arid areas of northwest China. Background Art

[0002] In the Loess Plateau region of northwest my country, particularly in the arid and semi-arid areas of central Gansu, the dry climate and minimal rainfall mean that crops in most areas only harvest once a year. Droughts are highly susceptible to disasters. Major grain crops are commonly mulched to conserve moisture, and forage varieties with strong resilience are often selected.

[0003] Setaria is a large genus of grass in the Poaceae family, with over 130 species worldwide, found in every province and region of my country. This genus includes millet, a long-standing crop, and wild species are also often used as forage. Because Setaria in the northwest is relatively short and often used for ecological protection and environmental greening, Setaria in the southwest is taller and favored by cattle and sheep, showing great potential for forage utilization. The project team collected Setaria seeds from various locations in Yunnan and introduced them to the northwest. After years of cultivation, domestication, and variety comparison tests, they identified a new high-yield, high-quality Setaria strain, "Songming Setaria." Based on these years of cultivation trials, they developed a method for cultivating Songming Setaria in the arid northwest region.

[0004] The two technical solutions closest to the present invention are as follows:

[0005] The sowing method is a commonly used planting technique in which seeds are sown into the soil at a specific row spacing and depth, followed by soil management, fertilization, and irrigation to promote seed germination and growth. The sowing method employed in this invention achieves successful cultivation of Setaria viridis in the arid northwest region through meticulous sowing and field management measures under specific soil conditions.

[0006] Sprinkler irrigation in planting technology: Sprinkler irrigation is a modern irrigation method that pressurizes water and sprays it into the air, forming fine droplets that are evenly applied to plants to achieve the purpose of irrigation. The drip irrigation method used in this invention is a more precise irrigation method that delivers water directly to the roots of plants through drip irrigation tape. This can more efficiently utilize water resources, reduce evaporation losses during the irrigation process, and also help improve plant yield and quality.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention focuses on solving the following problems:

[0008] 1. Immature seeds. The arid northwest region has a complex terrain with numerous mountain ranges and an altitude generally ranging from 1,000 to 3,000 meters. Using existing techniques to grow Songming foxtail grass at higher altitudes can lead to low seed set rates and immature or underdeveloped seeds.

[0009] 2. Difficulty in seedling emergence. The arid Northwest region has a dry climate, with average annual precipitation ranging from 40 to 750 mm and average annual temperatures ranging from 6°C to 19°C. The average daily maximum temperature only reaches above 20°C from April to October. Using existing techniques to cultivate Setaria viridis (Songming foxtail grass) can lead to difficulties in seedling emergence, slow seedling emergence, and low seedling emergence rates if the sowing time is too early, the temperature is too low, or the soil moisture is insufficient.

[0010] 3. Problems with short growth and low yield. The soil in the arid northwest region is mostly sandy loam, with some areas being yellow cotton soil or black loam soil. These soils are severely desertified and degraded, with poor water and moisture retention. Using existing technologies to cultivate Songming foxtail grass, field management is overly extensive, resulting in insufficient water and nutrients during the rapid growth period. This results in short plant growth, low biomass yield, and poor economic returns. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To address the challenges of existing technologies, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Setaria viridis (Songming foxtail grass) in the arid regions of Northwest China. This method addresses technical aspects such as the planting area, soil preparation, seed treatment, sowing techniques, field management, pest and disease control, mowing and utilization, and harvesting. This method addresses the technical bottlenecks associated with cultivating Setaria viridis (Songming foxtail grass) in field production.

[0012] The present invention is achieved by a method for planting Setaria viridis in the arid areas of Northwest China, comprising:

[0013] 1. Choose to plant in areas below 1800m above sea level to increase the fruit setting rate and seed maturity of Songming foxtail grass.

[0014] 2. Choose soil with deep, flat soil layer and irrigation conditions, and adopt measures such as leveling the land, applying base fertilizer, and irrigating before sowing to improve the growth environment of Songming foxtail grass, speed up the emergence of seedlings, and increase the survival rate.

[0015] 3. Use water selection method to screen the seeds, mix them with fine sand and dry them in the sun to improve the purity and germination rate of the seeds.

[0016] 4. Choose a time when the temperature is above 20℃ and the soil moisture content is 30% to 40% after 5 days of irrigation for sowing to increase the emergence rate of Songming foxtail grass.

[0017] 5. Carry out manual weeding 20 to 30 days after emergence, and irrigate and fertilize in time to promote the rapid growth of Songming foxtail grass.

[0018] 6. Use a fixed-quota, fixed-quantity drip irrigation method and optimize fertilization to achieve water-saving and efficient irrigation and nutrient replenishment.

[0019] 7. When mowing and harvesting, mow and harvest at the right time according to the growth characteristics of the plant to improve the biological yield and seed quality of Songming foxtail grass.

[0020] Through the above measures, the successful cultivation of Songming foxtail grass in the arid areas of Northwest China was achieved, and the grass yield and seed quality were improved. The specific steps include:

[0021] Step 1: Planting area, soil selection and land preparation: In spring, in areas below 1800m above sea level, choose deep, flat soil with irrigation conditions. Land preparation time is from late April to early May. Apply 20-30t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure. 2 , N fertilizer 300~400kg / hm 2 、P2O560~100kg / hm 2 、K2O40~80kg / hm 2 The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios are 1:0.4:0.3. All farmyard manure, P2O5, K2O, and 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as a base fertilizer at a depth of 15-20 cm during soil preparation. The remaining 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as a topdressing fertilizer during the seedling to tillering stage, the jointing to booting stage, and the heading stage, respectively, at 35%, 50%, and 15% of the remaining nitrogen fertilizer. After spreading the base fertilizer, till the soil and compact it to keep it level and free of large clods.

[0022] Step 2: Irrigation: Irrigation before sowing to ensure that the soil is moist for seedling emergence. Irrigation should be sufficient one week before sowing in early May. The general irrigation amount is 1500m 3 / hm 2 .

[0023] Step 3: Screen the seeds: Use water to screen the seeds harvested in the previous year before sowing, screen out the shriveled seeds, control the water of the remaining seeds, mix them with fine sand and dry them for a while, so that they do not stick to your hands.

[0024] Step 4: Sowing: When the temperature reaches above 20℃ and the soil moisture content is 30% to 40% after 5 days of irrigation, and the soles of shoes are not stained with mud, use a plow to dig a 5-8cm deep sowing furrow with a row spacing of 50-60cm, and sow seeds manually while digging the furrow. The sowing rate is 1.2-1.5kg / 666.7m 2 After sowing, cover the soil and smooth it out. The thickness of the soil should be 2 to 3 cm.

[0025] Step five, field management: when the soil moisture is sufficient, all seedlings will generally emerge about 20 days after sowing. 20 to 30 days after emergence, when the seedlings are 15 to 20 cm tall, carry out manual weeding for the first time. When the soil is particularly dry (soil moisture content is less than 15%), irrigate and fertilize in time. Drip irrigation is best, followed by sprinkler irrigation or canal irrigation. The drip tape is laid with an embedded drip irrigation pipe, which is laid in one tube per row or one tube per two rows. The dripper spacing is 30 cm and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 L / h. Drip irrigation is carried out 7 times throughout the growth period, and topdressing is carried out 7 times with water. Among them, drip irrigation is carried out 2 times and topdressing is carried out 2 times from emergence to tillering, drip irrigation is carried out 3 times and topdressing is carried out 3 times from jointing to booting, and drip irrigation is carried out 2 times and topdressing is carried out 2 times during the heading period. The drip irrigation quota for each time is 400 to 450 m 3 / hm 2 The amount of topdressing each time is 25-35 kg / hm2 2 .

[0026] Step 6: Pest and disease control: Songming foxtail grass rarely suffers from diseases or pests. If pests are found, apply 20% methacrylic acid and 10% imidacloprid every 10 days to effectively control aphids, spider mites, mole crickets, and ladybugs. Other pesticides include cypermethrin, matrine, and avermectin.

[0027] Step 7: Harvesting: When used as forage, the grass can be harvested when 80% of the foxtail grass in the field has reached ear. It can be fed green or baled for storage. If needed, it can be mixed with alfalfa or other legumes in appropriate proportions for feeding cattle and sheep.

[0028] Step 8: Harvest: When harvesting as a seed field, harvest when 80% of the foxtail grass ears turn yellow. Harvest with a sickle into bundles, stack under a rainproof awning to dry, and after drying for 15 to 20 days, mechanically roll, thresh, and harvest.

[0029] Furthermore, in step 1, the planting area is below 1800m above sea level, and the soil is deep, flat, and has irrigation conditions. The land preparation time is from late April to early May. Apply 20-30t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure before sowing. 2 , N fertilizer 300~400kg / hm 2 、P2O560~100kg / hm 2 、K2O40~80kg / hm 2 The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.4:0.3. After spreading the base fertilizer on the ground, till it into the soil and then compact it to keep the soil flat and free of large clods.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 2, the irrigation time before sowing is one week before sowing in early May, and the irrigation amount is 1500m 3 / hm 2 .

[0031] Furthermore, in step three, the seeds are seeds harvested in the previous year, the variety is Setaria viridis, and the pre-sowing screening method is water selection.

[0032] Furthermore, in step 4, the temperature reaches above 20°C, the time for furrow sowing is 5 days after irrigation when the soil moisture content is 30% to 40%, the row spacing is 50 to 60 cm, and the furrow depth is 5 to 8 cm. The sowing method is manual sowing, and the sowing amount is 1.2 to 1.5 kg / 666.7 m 2 The thickness of the covering soil is 2 to 3 cm.

[0033] Furthermore, in step five, the first weeding time is 20 to 30 days after emergence, and the irrigation time during the seedling stage is when the soil moisture content is less than 15%. The irrigation method is mainly drip irrigation, followed by sprinkler irrigation or canal irrigation. The drip irrigation belt is laid using an embedded drip irrigation pipe, which is laid in one pipe per row or one pipe per two rows. The dripper spacing is 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 L / h. Drip irrigation is carried out 7 times throughout the growth period, and topdressing is carried out 7 times with water. Among them, drip irrigation is carried out 2 times and topdressing is carried out 2 times from emergence to tillering, drip irrigation is carried out 3 times and topdressing is carried out 3 times from jointing to booting, and drip irrigation is carried out 2 times and topdressing is carried out 2 times during the heading period. The drip irrigation quota for each time is 400 to 450 m 3 / hm 2 The amount of topdressing each time is 25-35 kg / hm2 2 .

[0034] Furthermore, in step six, aphids, red spiders, mole crickets, etc. are harmful in July and August, and the control method is to apply 20% metoclopramide and 10% imidacloprid, spraying once every 10 days.

[0035] Furthermore, in step seven, the cutting time is when 80% of the foxtail grass in the field has reached ears. After cutting, the grass can be fed green or bundled for storage.

[0036] Furthermore, in step eight, the seeds are harvested when 80% of the foxtail grass ears turn yellow in the field. To prevent the seeds from falling, the seeds can be harvested in batches. After harvesting, the seeds are dried for 15 to 20 days, mechanically crushed, and then threshed and harvested.

[0037] In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a method for planting Setaria viridis in the arid areas of Northwest China. The planting area is an area below 1800m above sea level. The soil layer is deep, flat and has irrigation conditions. The land preparation time is from late April to early May. Apply 20-30t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure before sowing. 2 , N fertilizer 300~400kg / hm 2 、P2O560~100kg / hm 2 、K2O40~80kg / hm 2The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.4:0.3. After spreading the base fertilizer on the ground, rotary tillage it into the soil and then compact it to keep the soil flat and free of large clods. The pre-sowing irrigation time is one week before sowing in early May, and the irrigation amount is 1500m 3 / hm 2 The seeds are harvested in the previous year, and the pre-sowing screening method is water selection. When the temperature reaches above 20℃, the furrow sowing time is 5 days after irrigation when the soil moisture content is 30% to 40%. The row spacing is 50 to 60 cm, and the furrow depth is 5 to 8 cm. The sowing method is manual sowing, and the sowing amount is 1.2 to 1.5 kg / 666.7 m 2 , the soil covering thickness is 2 to 3 cm. The first weeding time is 20 to 30 days after emergence, and the irrigation time during the seedling stage is when the soil moisture content is less than 15%. The irrigation method is mainly drip irrigation, followed by sprinkler irrigation or canal irrigation. The drip irrigation belt is laid with an embedded drip irrigation pipe, which is laid in one pipe per row or one pipe per two rows. The dripper spacing is 30 cm and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 L / h. Drip irrigation is carried out 7 times throughout the growth period, and topdressing is carried out 7 times with water. Among them, drip irrigation is carried out 2 times and topdressing is carried out 2 times from emergence to tillering, drip irrigation is carried out 3 times and topdressing is carried out 3 times from jointing to booting, and drip irrigation is carried out 2 times and topdressing is carried out 2 times during the heading period. The drip irrigation quota for each time is 400 to 450 m 3 / hm 2 The amount of topdressing each time is 25-35 kg / hm2 2 . Aphids, red spiders, mole crickets and other pests harm the area in July and August. The prevention and control method is to apply 20% of cypermethrin and 10% imidacloprid, spraying every 10 days. The mowing time is when 80% of the foxtail grass in the field have spiked. After mowing, the grass can be fed green or baled and stored. The seed harvest time is when 80% of the foxtail grass ears in the field turn yellow. To prevent the grains from falling, the seeds can be harvested in batches. After harvesting, the seeds are dried in the sun for 15 to 20 days, and then mechanically crushed and threshed for harvest. The present invention can accelerate the emergence speed of the foxtail grass in Songming, improve the emergence rate, growth rate, biological yield, seed yield and seed maturity of the foxtail grass in Songming, thereby solving the technical bottleneck of the cultivation of the foxtail grass in Songming in field production.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention further include:

[0039] First, no one has done research on the planting method of introducing foxtail grass seeds in the arid areas of Northwest China. There is no research on the regional selection, soil preparation, sowing technology, field management, pest control, mowing utilization and seed breeding of foxtail grass seeds. The significance of solving the above technical problems is that, as an excellent grass species selected and cultivated in the arid areas of Northwest China after many years of cultivation and domestication, Songming foxtail grass should play its due role in enriching local forage variety resources, improving local planting structure, and promoting the healthy and stable development of local animal husbandry. However, the use of existing technology often leads to problems such as difficulty in germination, low growth, immature seeds, low biological yield and poor economic benefits. The technology described in this patent can solve the above problems.

[0040] The invention is suitable for areas below 1800m above sea level and can accelerate the emergence speed of Setaria viridis, improve the emergence rate, growth rate, biological yield, seed yield and seed maturity of Setaria viridis, thereby solving the technical bottleneck of Setaria viridis cultivation in field production.

[0041] The following is a comparison of the planting effects of Setaria viridis in different regions and soil conditions in central Gansu:

[0042]

[0043] After lowering the altitude and improving irrigation conditions, the emergence rate, plant height, biological yield, seed yield and seed maturity of Setaria viridis in Songming were significantly improved.

[0044] The following is a comparison of the planting effects of Setaria viridis in the same area of ​​central Gansu under different irrigation conditions:

[0045]

[0046] After improving irrigation conditions at the same altitude, the emergence rate, plant height, tiller number, biological yield and seed yield of Setaria viridis in Songming were significantly improved.

[0047] Second, the method for growing Setaria viridis includes multiple detailed steps, specifically tailored to the specific environmental factors of the arid northwest region. The following are notable technical advances achieved in each step:

[0048] Step 1: Planting area, soil selection and land preparation

[0049] Significant technological progress: Providing suitable planting altitude, soil conditions, base fertilizer ratio and application time to ensure that the nutritional structure of the soil is suitable for the emergence and development of Songming foxtail grass, and the regional altitude can ensure the maturity of Songming foxtail grass seeds.

[0050] Step 2: Water before sowing

[0051] Significant technological progress: The time and amount of pre-sowing irrigation have been clarified to ensure soil moisture for emergence, especially under drought conditions. This has improved the growth environment of Setaria viridis in Songming, accelerated the emergence of seedlings, and increased the survival rate.

[0052] Step 3: Screening seeds

[0053] Significant technological progress: In seed processing, water selection is used to remove shriveled seeds, thereby improving seed purity and germination rate.

[0054] Step 4: Sowing seeds

[0055] Significant technological advancement: It provides precise sowing time and methods based on temperature and soil moisture to ensure that seeds germinate under optimal conditions, improving the emergence rate of Songming foxtail grass.

[0056] Step 5: Field Management

[0057] Significant technological progress: The specific plan for irrigation and topdressing during the growth period is described, especially the detailed configuration of drip irrigation tapes, which optimizes the ecological environment and water and fertilizer supply of Songming foxtail grass, and enhances the ability of Songming foxtail grass to resist drought.

[0058] Step 6: Pest and disease control

[0059] Significant technological advancement: Although Songming foxtail grass is less susceptible to pests and diseases, this method still provides an alternative solution to deal with possible pest and disease problems.

[0060] Step 7: Cutting and Utilization

[0061] Significant technological advancement: provides precise mowing time based on plant growth stage to maximize its nutritional value and utilization value as forage.

[0062] Step 8: Harvest

[0063] Significant technological progress: Describes the optimal time for seed maturity and harvesting, as well as the method of seed harvesting, which is particularly important in arid areas. It has accelerated the breeding speed of Songming foxtail grass and ensured the promotion and utilization of Songming foxtail grass.

[0064] This comprehensive approach encompasses all steps, from site selection to final harvest, with each step optimized for the specific conditions of the arid Northwest region. This approach not only improves the field productivity and economic benefits of Setaria viridis in Songming, but also reduces its dependence on natural conditions and enhances its drought resistance, representing a significant technological advancement.

[0065] Third, the specific parameters for cultivating Setaria viridis in the arid northwest region include altitude, soil preparation time, base fertilizer application rate, irrigation time and amount, sowing time, temperature conditions, soil moisture, sowing rate, manual weeding time, drip irrigation frequency, topdressing frequency, mowing time, and harvesting time. These parameters were carefully considered, taking into account the relationships between multiple factors, such as the impact of altitude on seed maturity, the influence of temperature and soil moisture on seedling emergence, and the impact of irrigation and topdressing frequency on biomass yield, resulting in significant technical improvements.

[0066] First of all, the selection of planting area is very important. Planting in areas below 1800m above sea level can increase the fruit set rate and seed maturity of Songming foxtail grass.

[0067] From late April to early May, prepare the land and apply 20-30t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure. 2 , N fertilizer 300~400kg / hm 2 、P2O560~100kg / hm 2 、K2O40~80kg / hm 2 The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.4:0.3, which can improve the growth environment of Songming foxtail grass, accelerate the emergence speed and increase the survival rate.

[0068] Sowing should be done in early to mid-May when the temperature reaches above 20℃, which is conducive to the germination of Songming foxtail grass seeds. Irrigate the soil one week before sowing to ensure that the soil moisture content reaches 30% to 40%, which can provide sufficient moisture for seed germination. The sowing rate is determined to be 1.2 to 1.5 kg / 666.7 m 2 , can control the planting density, increase the unit biological yield of foxtail grass, reduce production costs and increase output benefits.

[0069] The first manual weeding is started 20 to 30 days after the seedlings emerge to avoid competition with weeds for soil moisture and nutrients. Drip irrigation is carried out 7 times during the entire growth period, with a drip irrigation quota of 400 to 450m3 each time. 3 / hm 2 , which can ensure the water required by Setaria viridis during its rapid growth period, and avoid soil compaction caused by excessive watering, thus achieving the goal of water conservation and high efficiency. Topdress with water 7 times, with a dosage of 25-35 kg / hm2 each time. 2 , which can effectively provide the nutrients needed for the growth of foxtail grass, accelerate the growth rate and increase biological yield.

[0070] Harvesting foxtail grass in the field when 80% of the grass is in heading yields higher productivity and nutritional value. Harvesting it for green feeding or baling it for storage, and mixing it with alfalfa and other legumes as needed to feed cattle and sheep, improves the overall energy and nutritional value of the feed, achieving balanced nutrition, rapid fattening, and improved meat quality.

[0071] Harvesting when 80% of the foxtail grass ears in the field turn yellow will help improve the quality and maturity of the seeds and provide guarantees for the promotion and utilization of foxtail grass in Songming.

[0072] The present invention, through carefully designed parameters, can successfully cultivate Setaria viridis in the arid region of Northwest China and achieve high biological yield and seed quality. These specific parameters take into account the relationship between multiple factors, can significantly improve the cultivation technology level of Setaria viridis, and provide a useful reference for the promotion and utilization of Setaria viridis and local forage production.

[0073] Fourth, the specific technical effects of the parameters in the technical solution of the present invention are:

[0074] 1. Planting Area: Choosing areas below 1800 meters above sea level addresses the issue of seed maturity for Songming Setaria. Experimental results of planting Songming Setaria at different altitudes indicate that seed maturity is low when planted at around 2000 meters above sea level, while it is higher when planted below 1800 meters above sea level. This indicates that Songming Setaria is suitable for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions of central and eastern Gansu below 1800 meters above sea level.

[0075] 2. Soil selection, land preparation and base fertilizer: Choose soil with deep, flat soil layer and irrigation conditions, and adopt measures such as leveling the land, applying base fertilizer, and irrigating before sowing to improve the growth environment of Songming foxtail grass and provide sufficient water and nutrients for seed germination, thereby achieving the goal of rapid emergence and high survival rate.

[0076] 3. Seed Selection and Sowing Time: Using water-selection to select seeds and mixing them with fine sand for airing can improve seed purity and germination rate. Choosing a time when the temperature is above 20°C and the soil moisture content is between 30% and 40% after five days of irrigation will help increase the emergence rate of Setaria viridis.

[0077] 4. Seeding amount and sowing depth: The sowing amount is determined to be 1.2-1.5 kg / 666.7 m 2 The seeding depth is limited to 2-3 cm, taking into account the germination rate of Setaria officinalis seeds. Controlling the planting density allows the plants to receive sufficient sunlight, which helps enhance leaf photosynthetic efficiency and thus achieve the goal of increasing biomass yield. The sowing depth is limited to 2-3 cm, taking into account the 1,000-grain weight of Setaria officinalis seeds, and is conducive to seed germination, soil penetration, and seedling growth.

[0078] 5. Fixed quota and quantitative stage irrigation and topdressing: drip irrigation is carried out 7 times and topdressing is carried out 7 times during the whole growth period. The fixed quota for each drip irrigation is 400-450m 3 / hm 2 The amount of topdressing each time is 25-35 kg / hm2 2, which can meet the water and nutrient needs of Setaria viridis at different growth stages, and is conducive to promoting the rapid growth of Setaria viridis. The results of experiments on planting Setaria viridis with different irrigation methods showed that under no irrigation conditions, the emergence rate of Setaria viridis was low, the growth rate was slow, and the grass and seed yields were low; while under canal irrigation and drip irrigation conditions, the emergence rate of Setaria viridis was high, the growth rate was fast, and the grass and seed yields were high.

[0079] 6. Harvesting and Planting Time: When used as forage, mowing should be done when 80% of the foxtail grass in the field has reached heading. This helps ensure forage yield and quality, maximizing the yield advantage and nutritional value of Songming foxtail grass. When used as seed, harvesting should be done when 80% of the foxtail grass ears have turned yellow. This helps to increase seed maturity and ensure high seed yield and quality.

[0080] These data play a vital role in the cultivation process of Setaria viridis in Songming. They not only ensure a higher germination rate, stronger tillering ability, faster growth rate, super-high grass yield and seed yield of Setaria viridis, but also improve the seed quality and maturity of Setaria viridis, enhance Setaria viridis's stress resistance and ability to resist disease and pest risks, and provide a guarantee for achieving the planting goals of high quality, high yield and high efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0081] Figure 1 This is a production test of Setaria viridis in Songming, Yitiaoshan Town, Jingtai County (jointing stage) according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 2 This is a production test of Setaria viridis in Songming, Yitiaoshan Town, Jingtai County (heading stage) according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 3 This is the production test of Setaria viridis in Songming, Toujia Town, Gangu County (heading stage) according to Example 2 of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 4 This is the production test of Setaria viridis in Songming, Toujia Town, Gangu County (maturity stage) according to Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is described below by way of specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that what is described herein is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the present invention.

[0086] The method for planting Setaria viridis in the arid region of Northwest China provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0087] 1. Choose to plant in areas below 1800m above sea level to increase the fruit setting rate and seed maturity of Songming foxtail grass.

[0088] 2. Choose soil with deep, flat soil layer and irrigation conditions, and adopt measures such as leveling the land, applying base fertilizer, and irrigating before sowing to improve the growth environment of Songming foxtail grass, speed up the emergence of seedlings, and increase the survival rate.

[0089] 3. Use water selection method to screen the seeds, mix them with fine sand and dry them in the sun to improve the purity and germination rate of the seeds.

[0090] 4. Choose a time when the temperature is above 20℃ and the soil moisture content is 30% to 40% after 5 days of irrigation for sowing to increase the emergence rate of Songming foxtail grass.

[0091] 5. Manual weeding should be carried out 20 to 30 days after seedling emergence, and timely irrigation and topdressing should be applied to promote the rapid growth of the foxtail grass. A fixed-quantity drip irrigation method should be used, and topdressing should be optimized to achieve water-saving and efficient irrigation and nutrient replenishment.

[0092] 6. When mowing and harvesting, mow and harvest at the right time according to the growth characteristics of the plant to increase the grass yield and seed yield of Songming foxtail grass.

[0093] Through the above measures, the successful cultivation of Songming foxtail grass in the arid area of ​​Northwest China was achieved, and the biological yield and seed quality were improved.

[0094] Specific application example 1 of the present invention: Optimizing irrigation and fertilizer management in arid areas

[0095] 1) Planting area selection: Planting is carried out in an arid area of ​​Gansu Province at an altitude of about 1,600m.

[0096] 2) Soil testing and land preparation: Soil testing and land preparation were carried out in late April, and 25t / hm2 of farmyard manure was applied. 2 、N fertilizer 350kg / hm 2 、P2O580kg / hm 2 、K2O60kg / hm 2 Irrigate one week before sowing with a water volume of 1500m 3 / hm 2 .

[0097] 3) Sowing: Sowing can be done in early May when the local temperature is stable above 20℃. The sowing amount is 1.2-1.5kg / 666.7m 2 .

[0098] 4) Field management: Manual weeding is carried out 20 to 30 days after seedling emergence, and timely irrigation and topdressing are carried out. Drip irrigation is used, and a total of 7 drip irrigations are carried out during the entire growth period, with a water quota of 400m3 each time.3 / hm 2 ; Topdress with water 7 times, each topdressing dosage is 25-35kg / hm 2 .

[0099] 5) Pest and disease control: Use 20% Metsol for preventive spraying.

[0100] 6) Cutting and utilization: In mid-August, 80% of the Setaria viridis are cut after heading.

[0101] 7) Harvesting: Harvesting is done in mid-September when 80% of the foxtail grass spikes turn yellow.

[0102] Specific application example 2 of the present invention: application in animal husbandry

[0103] 1) Planting area selection: Planting is carried out in an arid area of ​​Gansu Province at an altitude of about 1,300 meters.

[0104] 2) Soil testing and land preparation: Soil testing and land preparation were carried out in early May, and 20t / hm2 of farmyard manure was applied. 2 300kg / hm2 of N fertilizer 2 、P2O560kg / hm 2 、K2O40kg / hm 2 Irrigate one week before sowing with a water volume of 1500m 3 / hm 2 .

[0105] 3) Sowing: Sowing can be done in early May when the local temperature is stable above 20℃. The sowing amount is 1.2-1.5kg / 666.7m 2 .

[0106] 4) Field management: Manual weeding should be carried out 20 to 30 days after seedling emergence, and timely irrigation and topdressing should be carried out. Canal irrigation should be used, and irrigation should be carried out 4 times during the entire growth period, with a water quota of 80m3 each time. 3 / 666.7m 2 ; Topdress with water 4 times, each topdressing dosage is 25-35kg / hm 2 .

[0107] 5) Pest and disease control: Use 10% imidacloprid for preventive spraying.

[0108] 6) Harvesting and feeding: In late August, the foxtail grass cut at the heading stage is mixed with alfalfa and other legume forages to feed cattle and sheep.

[0109] 7) Harvesting: In mid-September, the Setaria viridis in the planting field was harvested after 80% of the ears turned yellow.

[0110] Through these two examples, we illustrate how the planting method can be optimized and implemented in different application scenarios and geographical locations. These examples provide a comprehensive and feasible solution for planting Setaria viridis in arid areas.

[0111] Example 1

[0112] This embodiment provides a method for planting Setaria viridis in the arid region of Northwest China, comprising the following steps:

[0113] 1. Planting area

[0114] Choose an area with an altitude of about 1600m.

[0115] 2. Soil selection and land preparation

[0116] In early May, choose a deep, flat soil with irrigation conditions (drip irrigation) and apply 25t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure before sowing. 2 、N fertilizer 350kg / hm 2 、P2O570kg / hm 2 、K2O50kg / hm 2 Spread the base fertilizer on the ground, tamp it down after rotary tillage, and keep the soil flat. In early May, irrigate the soil with enough water one week before sowing, and control the irrigation volume at 1500m 3 / hm 2 .

[0117] 3. Screening seeds

[0118] Before sowing, use a water-selection method to sift out the shrunken seeds from the previous year's harvest. Drain the remaining seeds, mix them with fine sand, and air them briefly to prevent them from getting wet. The goal is for the seeds to have a purity of at least 90% and a germination rate of at least 35%.

[0119] 4. Sowing

[0120] When the temperature reaches above 20℃ and the soil moisture content is between 30% and 40%, sowing begins. The row spacing is 60cm and the furrow depth is 5-8cm. Seeds are sown manually with a sowing rate of 1.2-1.5kg / 666.7m 2 The thickness of the covering soil is 2 to 3 cm.

[0121] 5. Field management

[0122] Lay the drip irrigation pipe in a row-by-row manner, with a dripper spacing of 30 cm and a dripper flow rate of 1.0 L / h. Weeding should be done for the first time 20 to 30 days after seedling emergence. Drip irrigation should be done 7 times during the entire growth period, and topdressing should be done 7 times with water. Among them, drip irrigation should be done 2 times and topdressing should be done 2 times from seedling emergence to tillering, drip irrigation should be done 3 times and topdressing should be done 3 times from jointing to booting, and drip irrigation should be done 2 times and topdressing should be done 2 times during heading. The drip irrigation quota for each time is 400 to 450 m 3 / hm 2 The amount of topdressing each time is 25-35 kg / hm2 2 .

[0123] 6. Pest and disease control

[0124] Aphids are more likely to occur in July and August. Apply 20% metsulfuron and 10% imidacloprid every 10 days. You can also use cypermethrin, matrine, avermectin and other pesticides for prevention and control.

[0125] 7. Cutting and utilization

[0126] The field should be mowed when 80% of the foxtail grass in the Songming area has reached the heading stage. After mowing, it can be fed as green or bundled for storage.

[0127] 8. Harvest

[0128] Harvesting begins when 80% of the foxtail grass ears in the field turn yellow. After harvesting, they are dried in the sun for 15 to 20 days and then mechanically crushed and threshed for harvest.

[0129] Example 2

[0130] This embodiment provides a method for planting Setaria viridis in the arid region of Northwest China, comprising the following steps:

[0131] 1. Planting area

[0132] Choose an area with an altitude of about 1300m.

[0133] 2. Soil selection and land preparation

[0134] At the end of April, choose a deep, flat soil with irrigation conditions (canal irrigation) and apply 25t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure before sowing. 2 、N fertilizer 350kg / hm 2 、P2O570kg / hm 2 、K2O50kg / hm 2 After spreading the base fertilizer, rotary tillage and compaction should be done to keep the soil flat. In early May, water the soil enough one week before sowing, and the amount of water should be controlled at 1500m 3 / hm 2 .

[0135] 3. Screening seeds

[0136] Before sowing, use a water-selection method to sift out the shrunken seeds from the previous year's harvest. Drain the remaining seeds, mix them with fine sand, and air them briefly to prevent them from getting wet. The goal is for the seeds to have a purity of at least 90% and a germination rate of at least 35%.

[0137] 4. Sowing

[0138] When the temperature reaches above 20℃ and the soil moisture content is about 35%, sowing begins. The row spacing is 60cm, the furrow depth is 5-8cm, and the seeds are sown manually. The sowing rate is 1.2-1.5kg / 666.7m 2 The thickness of the covering soil is 2 to 3 cm.

[0139] 5. Field management

[0140] The first manual weeding should be carried out 20 to 30 days after the seedlings emerge. When the soil is particularly dry (the soil moisture content is less than 15%), timely irrigation and topdressing should be carried out, and the irrigation volume should be maintained at 80m 3 / 666.7m 2 During the entire growth period, the seeds were irrigated 4 times and fertilized 4 times. Among them, irrigation was done once during the seedling stage, and topdressing with N fertilizer was done once with water; irrigation was done once during the tillering stage, and topdressing with N fertilizer was done once with water; irrigation was done once during the jointing stage, and topdressing with N fertilizer was done once with water; irrigation was done once during the heading stage, and topdressing with N fertilizer was done once with water.

[0141] 6. Pest and disease control

[0142] If aphids occur in July and August, apply 20% metsulfuron and 10% imidacloprid every 10 days. You can also use cypermethrin, matrine, avermectin and other pesticides for prevention and control.

[0143] 7. Cutting and utilization

[0144] When 80% of the foxtail grass in the field has reached ear, start mowing. After mowing, feed it green or bale it for storage.

[0145] 8. Harvest

[0146] When 80% of the foxtail grass ears in the field turn yellow, they can be harvested in batches to prevent grains from falling. After harvesting, they are dried in the sun for 15 to 20 days and then mechanically threshed and harvested.

[0147] According to the technical solutions of Example 1 and Example 2, we selected Yitiaoshan Town, Jingtai County, Gansu Province and Toujia Town, Gangu County to conduct a production test of Setaria viridis in Songming. After implementation, the following test results were obtained:

[0148] Table 1 Production test of Setaria viridis in Songming, Yitiaoshan Town, Jingtai County

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] Table 2 Production test of Setaria officinalis in Toujia Town, Gangu County

[0152]

[0153] As shown in Table 1, at an altitude of 1600m, the average emergence rate of Setaria viridis planted with drip irrigation was 94%, the average plant height was 1.65m, the average number of tillers was 30.7 per plant, and the average fresh grass yield was 62534.6kg / hm2. 2 The average seed yield reached 277.6kg / hm 2 , the seeds are more mature.

[0154] Table 2 shows that at an altitude of 1300m, the average emergence rate of Setaria viridis planted with canal irrigation was 97%, the average plant height was 1.68m, the average number of tillers per plant was 32, and the average fresh grass yield was 65008.1kg / hm2. 2 The average seed yield reached 282.7kg / hm 2 , the seeds are highly mature.

[0155] Through the above verification, the significant technical progress of the present invention is reflected in the following aspects:

[0156] 1. Area selection: By defining the appropriate altitude and planting area, the problems of low fruit set rate, immature seeds or low maturity are effectively solved.

[0157] 2. Timing of sowing: By meeting certain temperature and soil moisture conditions, the problems of difficult and slow emergence of seedlings and low emergence rate can be effectively solved.

[0158] 3. Field management: Through refined field management and quota-based and quantitative irrigation and fertilization, the problems of low growth, low biological yield and poor economic benefits are effectively solved.

[0159] 4. Irrigation system: Using modern irrigation technology such as drip irrigation not only saves water resources, but also accurately provides the water needed for plant growth.

[0160] 5. Pest and disease control: Effective prevention and control of pests and diseases can not only reduce the use and residue of pesticides, but also ensure its safety as forage.

[0161] 6. Efficient utilization: In terms of cutting and feeding, different ways of using plants (such as green feeding or storage) can also make full use of their production value and nutritional value.

[0162] 7. Environmentally friendly: The entire program focuses on improving soil structure and rational use of water resources to create an ecological environment suitable for plant needs.

[0163] 8. Sustainability: The plan takes into account the long-term and sustainable nature of forage production, not just a single-season yield increase.

[0164] 9. Efficiency improvement: Through continuous testing, measurement and data analysis, comprehensive and timely production information can be provided to further improve production efficiency, effectiveness and benefits.

[0165] In summary, this comprehensive planting plan not only provides an effective method for planting Setaria viridis in the arid northwest region, but also has great reference significance for the planting of other forage grasses.

[0166] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting Setaria viridis in the arid areas of Northwest China, characterized in that: include: Choose to plant in areas below 1800m above sea level to improve the fruiting rate and seed maturity of Setaria viridis; choose deep, flat soil with irrigation conditions, and adopt measures such as land leveling, base fertilizer application, and pre-sowing irrigation to improve the growth environment of Setaria viridis, accelerate the emergence of seedlings, and increase the survival rate; use water selection to screen seeds, mix them with fine sand and air-dry them to improve seed purity and germination rate; choose to sow when the temperature is above 20℃ and the soil moisture content is 30% to 40% after 5 days of irrigation to increase the emergence rate of Setaria viridis; carry out manual weeding 20 to 30 days after emergence, and timely irrigate and fertilize to promote the rapid growth of Setaria viridis; adopt a fixed-quantity drip irrigation method and optimize fertilization to achieve water-saving and efficient irrigation and nutrient replenishment; when mowing and harvesting, mow and harvest at the right time according to the growth characteristics of the plant to improve the biological yield and seed quality of Setaria viridis; The following steps are involved: Step 1: Planting area, soil selection and land preparation: In spring, in areas below 1800m above sea level, choose deep, flat soil with irrigation conditions. Land preparation time is from late April to early May. Apply 20-30t / hm2 of decomposed farmyard manure before sowing. 2 , N fertilizer 300~400kg / hm 2 、P2O560~100kg / hm 2 、K2O 40~80kg / hm 2 The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.4:0.3; all farmyard manure, P2O5, K2O and 40% of N fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer at a depth of 15-20 cm in combination with land preparation. The remaining 60% of N fertilizer is applied as topdressing fertilizer at the seedling to tillering stage, jointing to booting stage, and heading stage in combination with irrigation, with the application amount being 35%, 50% and 15% of the remaining N fertilizer respectively. After spreading the base fertilizer on the ground, the soil is rotary tilled and compacted to keep it flat and free of large clods. Step 2: Irrigation: Irrigation before sowing to ensure that the soil is moist when the seedlings emerge. Irrigation should be sufficient one week before sowing in early May, with an irrigation volume of 1500m 3 / hm 2 ; Step 3: Screen the seeds: Use water to screen the seeds harvested the previous year before sowing. Remove the shriveled seeds. Drain the remaining seeds, mix them with fine sand, and dry them for a while until they are not sticky to your hands. Step 4: Sowing: When the temperature reaches above 20℃ and the soil moisture content is 30% to 40% after 5 days of irrigation, and the soles of shoes are not stained with mud, use a plow to dig a 5-8cm deep sowing furrow with a row spacing of 50-60cm, and sow seeds manually while digging the furrow. The sowing rate is 1.2-1.5kg / 666.7m 2 After sowing, cover the soil with a thickness of 2 to 3 cm. In the arid areas of Northwest China, the sowing time of Setaria viridis in Songming is in early to mid-May. Step 5, field management: when the soil moisture is sufficient, all seedlings will emerge about 20 days after sowing; 20 to 30 days after emergence, when the seedlings are 15 to 20 cm tall, carry out the first manual weeding; when the soil is particularly dry and the soil moisture content is less than 15%, timely irrigation and topdressing should be carried out by drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or canal irrigation; the drip irrigation tape should be laid with embedded drip irrigation pipes, in the form of one pipe per row or one pipe per two rows, with a dripper spacing of 30 cm and a dripper flow rate of 1.0 L / h; drip irrigation should be carried out 7 times during the entire growth period, and topdressing should be carried out 7 times with water; among them, drip irrigation should be carried out 2 times and topdressing should be carried out 2 times from emergence to tillering, drip irrigation should be carried out 3 times and topdressing should be carried out 3 times from jointing to booting, and drip irrigation should be carried out 2 times and topdressing should be carried out 2 times during heading; the drip irrigation quota for each time is 400 to 450 m 3 / hm 2 The amount of topdressing each time is 25-35 kg / hm2 2 ; Step 6: Pest and disease control: Songming foxtail grass rarely suffers from diseases or pests. If pests are found, apply 20% cypermethrin and 10% imidacloprid, spraying once every 10 days to effectively control aphids, red spiders, mole crickets, and twenty-eight-spotted ladybugs. You can also use cypermethrin, matrine, and avermectin for control. Step 7: Harvesting and Utilization: When used as forage, the foxtail grass can be harvested when 80% of the grass in the field has reached earing. After harvesting, it can be fed green or baled and stored. When needed, it can be mixed with alfalfa and legumes in a certain proportion to feed cattle and sheep. In the arid northwest region, the harvesting time for foxtail grass in Songming is mid-to-late August. Step 8, harvesting: When harvesting as a seed field, it can be harvested when 80% of the foxtail grass ears in the field turn yellow; harvest into bundles with a sickle, pile them under a rainproof awning to dry, and after drying for 15 to 20 days, mechanically crush them, thresh and harvest; in the arid northwest region, the seeds of Songming foxtail grass mature in late September. In order to prevent the seeds from falling, they can be harvested in batches.

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