An aircraft ground maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and sub 6GHz

Abstract

The application discloses an airplane ground overhauling and maintaining method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz, and realizes wireless overhauling and maintaining of airplane equipment based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6G, can wirelessly transmit airplane equipment information at a long distance and at a high speed, ground personnel do not need to contact airplane maintaining cables, and remote synchronous overhauling and maintaining of multiple airplanes and multiple airborne equipments are realized, the problems of complex process and low efficiency in the traditional manual overhauling and maintaining adopting a wired connection airplane mode are solved, and the designed scheme has the characteristics of simplifying the overhauling and maintaining process, improving the overhauling and maintaining efficiency, reducing the manual cost and reducing the wear of the airplane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a ground-based aircraft inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz frequencies. Traditional aircraft inspection and maintenance typically involves ground maintenance personnel carrying inspection equipment and connecting to the aircraft before, during transit, and after flights to perform fault diagnosis and maintenance. Since only one aircraft can be connected at a time, efficiency is low, and aircraft systems are complex, making the inspection and maintenance process cumbersome, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. To address this problem, this invention utilizes 5G communication technology, combining the advantages of both 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz frequency bands, to simultaneously test multiple aircraft and multiple onboard devices, and wirelessly transmit information with ground inspection and maintenance equipment. Ground maintenance personnel can remotely interpret relevant aircraft inspection information, greatly simplifying the traditional aircraft inspection and maintenance process, improving efficiency, reducing labor costs, and minimizing aircraft wear. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technology, 5G communication technology is being used more and more widely in the civilian field, and has been applied to many fields such as autonomous driving, medical care, logistics and industrial production, but its application in the military field is still relatively limited.

[0003] Longkang (References: Longkang, Wang Shenggang, Yue Yumei, et al., A Data Transmission Device for Aircraft Maintenance Site, Chinese Invention Patent, Publication No.: CN201072590) enables engineers to communicate with remote maintenance stations on-site via wireless transmission. However, it requires maintenance personnel to manually disassemble and measure data on-site, and the amount of data transmitted is relatively small with a low transmission rate, and it does not involve 5G communication technology. Niu Yuantai (References: Niu Yuantai, Zhang Yonghui, Qin Xiaojun, et al., Intelligent Maintenance Method for Primary Substation Equipment Based on 5G Technology, Chinese Invention Patent, Publication No.: CN115311202A) utilizes the 5G network to establish a data interaction channel between mobile terminals and PMS, and can also identify the status of primary substation equipment, realizing the application of 5G technology in equipment maintenance. However, it is not entirely suitable for complex aircraft systems. Zhong Kai (Reference: Zhong Kai, Civil Aviation Maintenance Training System Based on 5G+VR, Utility Model Patent, Publication No.: CN212724394U) uses 5G communication to exchange information and data between VR components and back-end components, and uses VR to ensure that trainees are in the best position, thus realizing 5G+VR civil aviation maintenance training. However, it has not yet covered the equipment maintenance of aircraft electronic systems.

[0004] The aforementioned methods primarily focus on 5G communication technology or equipment testing and maintenance, but their application in aircraft ground maintenance has not yet been addressed. This invention combines 5G millimeter wave and Sub6G technologies for aircraft maintenance, enabling wireless transmission of aircraft equipment status, simplifying maintenance processes, and saving costs. The invention first performs a power-on self-test on the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and the ground support terminal, caching the information locally. Next, it establishes a connection and performs network connectivity tests. After connection establishment, the ground support terminal transmits the test stimulus to the airborne equipment via the 5G base station. Then, the airborne equipment is tested, and the test results and equipment status information are reported. The airborne wireless communication transceiver module transmits this information to the 5G base station, where the ground support terminal receives and parses the equipment information. Finally, the 5G application software on the ground support terminal manages the network and stores the relevant information in a database. Maintenance personnel then interpret the equipment status and perform necessary repairs or replacements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention enables wireless inspection and maintenance of aircraft equipment based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6G. It can transmit aircraft equipment information wirelessly over long distances at high speed. Ground personnel do not need to touch the aircraft maintenance cables and can remotely perform simultaneous inspection and maintenance of multiple aircraft and multiple airborne equipment. It mainly solves the problems of complex process and low efficiency in traditional manual inspection and maintenance using wired aircraft connections. The designed solution simplifies the inspection and maintenance process, improves the efficiency of inspection and maintenance, reduces labor costs, and reduces wear and tear on the aircraft.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0007] An aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub-6GHz, wherein the method is implemented based on a 5G millimeter wave and Sub-6GHz aircraft ground inspection and maintenance system, which includes airborne terminal equipment and ground terminal equipment. The airborne terminal equipment refers to airborne 5G wireless communication equipment, and the ground terminal equipment includes a lightweight core network, a 5G base station, and a ground support terminal. The specific steps of the aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method are as follows:

[0008] Step 1: Power-on self-test: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and ground support terminal are powered on and perform software and hardware self-tests;

[0009] Step 2: Establishing a Link and Connecting to the Network: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and ground support terminal establish a link with the 5G network, authenticate the equipment for network access, query and ensure successful link establishment.

[0010] Step 3: Self-test result reporting: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment reports the self-test results of Step 1. The self-test results include the self-test results of the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and the airborne equipment. The results are transmitted to the ground support terminal via the 5G base station. At the same time, the ground support terminal also displays its own self-test results from Step 1.

[0011] Step 4: Test stimulus transmission: Ground maintenance personnel transmit test stimuli to the 5G base station through the ground support terminal, and the 5G base station then forwards the test stimuli to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment.

[0012] Step 5: Airborne equipment testing: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment sends test stimuli to each airborne device. After receiving the test stimuli signal, each airborne device performs the test and returns the test results to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment.

[0013] Step 6: Equipment Information Reporting: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment reports the test results of each airborne device, which are then transmitted to the ground support terminal via the 5G base station.

[0014] Step 7: Data reception, parsing, feedback and storage: After receiving the data packet, the ground support terminal parses and verifies it. After receiving the data, the ground support terminal transmits the feedback signal to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment via the 5G base station. At the same time, the ground support terminal will save the test results received from the airborne equipment. If data is lost, it will retransmit the interrupted data.

[0015] Step 8: 5G Software Function Management: During 5G communication, this includes network management, networking functions, data transmission, status query, antenna management, device alarm, user management, and log management functions.

[0016] Step 9: Status Interpretation and Maintenance Support: Maintenance personnel remotely interpret the equipment status based on the display content of the ground support terminal. If the equipment is damaged, the corresponding equipment will be repaired or replaced.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] 1. This invention utilizes 5G communication technology to wirelessly transmit aircraft equipment information without the need for manual plugging and unplugging of maintenance cables, enabling remote aircraft maintenance and repair, thereby reducing labor costs and minimizing wear and tear on the aircraft.

[0019] 2. This invention supports both 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz frequency bands, combining the advantages of both, and features high speed, low latency, massive connectivity, signal attenuation, penetration, and coverage.

[0020] 3. This invention can simultaneously inspect and maintain multiple aircraft and multiple airborne devices, and has functions such as network management, networking, and data storage, which simplifies the inspection and maintenance process and improves the efficiency of inspection and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 Flowchart of aircraft ground inspection and maintenance methods based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz

[0023] Figure 2 Diagram of an aircraft ground inspection and maintenance system based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz.

[0024] Figure 3 Information exchange diagram for aircraft ground inspection and maintenance based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz

[0025] Figure 4 Network connection diagram for NR-DC (5G Dual Connectivity) technology Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Traditional aircraft maintenance is mostly done manually by connecting the aircraft with cables. 5G millimeter wave technology offers advantages such as high speed, low latency, and massive connectivity. Sub6G is also stronger in terms of signal attenuation, penetration, and coverage.

[0028] An aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub-6GHz, wherein the method is implemented based on a 5G millimeter wave and Sub-6GHz aircraft ground inspection and maintenance system, which includes airborne terminal equipment and ground terminal equipment. The airborne terminal equipment refers to airborne 5G wireless communication equipment, and the ground terminal equipment includes a lightweight core network, a 5G base station, and a ground support terminal. The specific steps of the aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method are as follows:

[0029] The specific details of the aircraft ground inspection and maintenance system based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz are as follows:

[0030] 1) Airborne 5G wireless communication equipment

[0031] The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment is connected to other airborne equipment and is responsible for sending maintenance commands to other airborne equipment and receiving status information from other airborne equipment. The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment includes a storage unit and a wireless communication transceiver module. The wireless communication transceiver module includes a power module, a main processor module, a baseband module, a sub6GHz radio frequency module, a 5G millimeter-wave radio frequency module, a Sub6 low-frequency antenna, and a millimeter-wave phased array antenna. The wireless communication transceiver module can support two frequency bands.

[0032] The power module supplies power to the internal components of the device. The main processor module is responsible for the physical layer implementation of related interfaces, supporting protocol parsing of RapidIO, 1394, and Ethernet data, extracting valid data, and forwarding it to the ARM of the baseband module for processing. The baseband module is used for modulation, demodulation, and encoding, and is responsible for driver loading and data transmission and reception. Both the Sub6GHz RF module and the 5G millimeter-wave RF module are used for AD / DA conversion and RF transmission and reception, completing analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog conversion of IQ signals and transmitting and receiving RF signals. The Sub6 low-frequency antenna is a passive array antenna used for RF signal transmission and reception. The millimeter-wave phased array antenna is used for beamforming, beam scheduling, and millimeter-wave RF signal transmission and reception. Beamforming is a technology that sends signals to clients in a concentrated and directional manner, comprehensively improving the signal quality received by clients and increasing throughput. Beam scheduling: 5G can incorporate resources such as beam orientation and beam power into the scheduling scope, enhancing network coverage and structure. Millimeter-wave RF signal transmission and reception refers to transmitting and receiving 5G millimeter-wave RF signals.

[0033] 2) Lightweight core network

[0034] The lightweight core network consists of AMF, SMF, and UPF network elements. Specifically: AMF supports registration management, mobility management, connection management, security management, access authentication, and access authorization. SMF supports session management, IP address management, UPF selection and control, tunnel management, user plane forwarding control, and downlink data notification. Session management primarily assigns IP addresses to mobile phones and manages the various channels between the mobile phone and the core network during internet access. UPF handles user plane data processing, supporting session management, packet forwarding and routing, downlink data caching and notification triggering, user plane policy execution, user plane QoS processing, and end-of-line marking.

[0035] The lightweight core network is carried by lightweight core network servers, which include fixed lightweight core servers and portable lightweight core servers. The fixed lightweight core servers are permanently deployed within the airport, while the portable lightweight core servers are deployed together with the 5G portable base stations in the 5G base station network.

[0036] 3) 5G base stations

[0037] 5G base stations support 5G millimeter wave and Sub-6GHz frequency bands, responsible for wireless signal transmission between airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and ground support terminal equipment. 5G base stations are divided into fixed base station equipment and portable base station equipment. Fixed base stations can be permanently deployed within airports; the specific number and location of fixed 5G base stations are designed comprehensively based on the antenna orientation and the coverage area required. Portable 5G base stations are integrated base stations, with dimensions of approximately 34cm*50cm*20cm.

[0038] Both fixed and portable base station equipment comprises three parts: a baseband processing unit, a radio frequency (RF) unit, and a base station antenna. The baseband processing unit is used for modulation / demodulation and encoding, responsible for driver loading and data transmission / reception, and handling physical layer protocol processing. The RF unit includes a sub-6GHz RF unit and a 5G millimeter-wave RF unit, both used for AD / DA conversion and RF transmission / reception, and features version management, performance management, fault management, and power management functions. Version management includes recording and updating device hardware and software versions; performance management includes peak throughput, average throughput, peak transmission rate, average transmission rate, and bit error rate; fault management includes periodic fault self-checks and setting various fault threshold parameters; power management includes switching between AC and DC power and setting performance modes such as high-performance or energy-saving. The base station antenna includes a Sub-6GHz low-frequency antenna and a millimeter-wave phased array antenna. The Sub-6GHz low-frequency antenna is a passive array antenna used for RF signal transmission / reception. 5G millimeter-wave phased array antennas are active antennas, employing millimeter-wave phased array antenna modules for beamforming, beam scheduling, and millimeter-wave radio frequency signal transmission and reception. Antennas are divided into omnidirectional and directional antennas. Omnidirectional antennas do not require consideration of angle, but they have high power and large size. Directional antennas do require consideration of angle, require less power, and are smaller in size. Due to limited onboard resources and strict requirements on the power consumption and size of airborne wireless communication equipment, directional antennas are mostly used in aircraft maintenance scenarios. This leads to the need to consider the antenna beam alignment, which is addressed through the following methods: The antenna orientation and coverage area of ​​the 5G base station need to take into account the specific number and location of the 5G fixed base stations deployed.

[0039] 4) Ground support terminal

[0040] The ground support terminal includes a ground inspection board and an integrated 5G data transceiver module, supporting 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz frequency bands. It features data transmission and reception, data storage, network management, networking functions, equipment alarms, and log management. The integrated 5G data transceiver module includes a baseband processing unit (BBU), a remote radio unit (RRU), and a base station antenna.

[0041] A fixed deployment solution for airports: 5G base stations, lightweight core network servers for carrying the lightweight core network, and baseband processing units (BBUs) are deployed in the airport's central computer room. Remote radio units (RRUs) and base station antennas are deployed inside or around the airport based on network planning and optimization results. Network planning and optimization reference indicators include communication distance, communication latency, communication rate, communication quality attenuation, and radio frequency performance. Ground support terminals transmit data back to the central computer room via fiber optic cable, or transmit data wirelessly to ground support terminals, achieving full coverage of the airport.

[0042] Step 1: Power-on self-test: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and ground support terminal are powered on and perform software and hardware self-tests;

[0043] The power-on self-test in step 1: After the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment is powered on normally, it is in full-state normal operation mode, and all functions are enabled. The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment periodically reports periodic BIT information, responds to BIT information queries, and reports other status information.

[0044] Step 2: Establishing a Link and Connecting to the Network: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and ground support terminal establish a link with the 5G network, authenticate the equipment for network access, query and ensure successful link establishment.

[0045] In step 2, network establishment and access are achieved using a dual-frequency network architecture combining Sub-6GHz and millimeter-wave high and low frequencies. NR-DC technology allows a single user device to simultaneously connect to both Sub-6GHz and millimeter-wave nodes using dual connectivity. Device network access authentication is handled by the 5G lightweight core network, which uses the Sub-6GHz band of 5G base stations as the primary node and traffic control point, and the millimeter-wave band as the secondary node. The network operates in two modes: single-device access and multi-device access. Device network access authentication refers to the registration, identity authentication, and security verification performed by airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and ground support terminals before communicating with the 5G network. The accessing device will undergo multiple data interactions and comparisons with the 5G lightweight core network to verify the correctness and legality of its identity. After user confirmation, different functions are granted based on different user permissions, allowing for corresponding operations.

[0046] Standalone access: Standalone access mode is achieved by selecting a specific aircraft that has been identified on the ground support terminal, or by entering a specific equipment number to establish a link with it.

[0047] Multi-aircraft access: Multi-aircraft access mode refers to the ground support terminal simultaneously performing maintenance on multiple aircraft. It can schedule resources in the form of time division and frequency division according to the order and importance of multi-aircraft access. When multiple aircraft have services at the same time, due to the technical characteristics of 5G system, frequency domain bandwidth resources are dynamically allocated according to the size of service data, and time division / frequency division / space division technology is used for flexible scheduling.

[0048] Step 3: Self-test result reporting: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment reports the self-test results of Step 1. The self-test results include the self-test results of the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and the airborne equipment. The results are transmitted to the ground support terminal via the 5G base station. At the same time, the ground support terminal also displays its own self-test results from Step 1.

[0049] The self-test results of step 3 are reported:

[0050] Data transmission process of airborne 5G wireless communication equipment: The data received by the network port is stored in the kernel queue. Before the data needs to be transmitted, the traffic data or signaling packets are organized and then the data is sent to the FPGA and stored in the FPGA's memory. Then, when the data is transmitted, the underlying layer sends the data.

[0051] 5G base station data forwarding function: After receiving traffic data, data forwarding occurs. When each node assembles traffic data packets, it fills in the destination ID and forwarding ID information of this packet data according to the routing table. When the receiving node receives this message, it checks if the forwarding ID is the same as its own, and then fills in the corresponding packet header by querying the routing table and forwards the data.

[0052] Step 4: Test stimulus transmission: Ground maintenance personnel transmit test stimuli to the 5G base station through the ground support terminal, and the 5G base station then forwards the test stimuli to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment.

[0053] The test stimulus transmission in step 4 includes control commands and status parameters of the relevant airborne equipment; in the airborne equipment test in step 5: the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment is connected to each airborne equipment via optical fiber or 1394 bus.

[0054] Step 5: Airborne equipment testing: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment sends test stimuli to each airborne device. After receiving the test stimuli signal, each airborne device performs the test and returns the test results to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment.

[0055] Step 6: Equipment Information Reporting: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment reports the test results of each airborne device, which are then transmitted to the ground support terminal via the 5G base station.

[0056] The internal information flow process of the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment's transmission function in step 6 is as follows: Each airborne device transmits status data to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment via optical fiber or 1394 bus. The main processor module in the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment performs protocol parsing, extracts service data, and transmits it to the baseband module. The baseband module performs modulation, demodulation, and encoding, and after packetization, transmits the data to the radio frequency (RF) module in digital form. The RF module performs AD / DA conversion and RF transceiver, transmitting the data to the antenna module in analog form. The antenna module transmits signals to the 5G base station. The RF module is divided into a Sub6GHz RF module and a 5G millimeter-wave RF module, each with multiple receive and transmit links. The antenna module refers to a Sub6GHz low-frequency antenna and a millimeter-wave phased array antenna.

[0057] Step 7: Data reception, parsing, feedback and storage: After receiving the data packet, the ground support terminal parses and verifies it. After receiving the data, the ground support terminal transmits the feedback signal to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment via the 5G base station. At the same time, the ground support terminal will save the test results received from the airborne equipment. If data is lost, it will retransmit the interrupted data.

[0058] In step 7, data reception involves the ground support terminal receiving data and performing parsing and CRC verification. After data preparation, it reports the data and reads it from the FPGA. The data is divided into signaling packets and traffic data. If it is a signaling packet, corresponding identification operations are performed. If it is traffic data, it is passed to the kernel for data parsing, and the data is received / forwarded / discarded.

[0059] Step 8: 5G Software Function Management: During 5G communication, this includes network management, networking functions, data transmission, status query, antenna management, device alarm, user management, and log management functions.

[0060] In step 8, the network management includes network configuration and management of networking devices, channel configuration and management, working mode configuration and management, bandwidth management and traffic control management functions; the networking functions include port management functions, link management functions, and topology management functions; the data transmission functions provide data transmission services, data backup and data fusion, and protocol conversion functions; the status query functions include network information and status query, system settings, status statistics, and status reporting functions; the antenna management functions include antenna control, including antenna module power-on / off, power control, angle control, and status query; the device alarm functions include alarm prompts when each detection information exceeds a threshold, and should prompt the operator when communication with the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment is lost; the user management functions include setting user roles and permissions, specifically including account registration, password modification, and administrator permissions; the log management functions include automatic backup, import and deletion of backup data, and also have the function of storing aircraft detection information.

[0061] Step 9: Status Interpretation and Maintenance Support: Maintenance personnel remotely interpret the equipment status based on the display content of the ground support terminal. If the equipment is damaged, the corresponding equipment will be repaired or replaced.

[0062] In step 9: if the device problem is a software problem, the software version is upgraded to solve the problem through wireless or wired transmission; if the device problem is a hardware problem, the corresponding damaged device is replaced.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ground-based inspection and maintenance method for aircraft based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz, characterized in that, The aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method described above is based on a 5G millimeter wave and Sub-6GHz aircraft ground inspection and maintenance system. This system includes airborne equipment and ground-based equipment. The airborne equipment refers to airborne 5G wireless communication equipment, while the ground-based equipment includes a lightweight core network, 5G base stations, and ground support terminals. The specific steps of the aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method are as follows: Step 1: Power-on self-test: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and ground support terminal are powered on and perform software and hardware self-tests; Step 2: Establishing a link and connecting to the network: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and the ground support terminal establish a link with the 5G network, authenticate the equipment for network access, query and ensure successful link establishment; Step 3: Self-test result reporting: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment reports the self-test results of Step 1. The self-test results include the self-test results of the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and the airborne equipment. The results are transmitted to the ground support terminal via the 5G base station. At the same time, the ground support terminal also displays its own self-test results from Step 1. Step 4: Test stimulus transmission: Ground maintenance personnel transmit test stimuli to the 5G base station through the ground support terminal, and the 5G base station then forwards the test stimuli to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment; Step 5: Airborne equipment testing: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment sends test stimuli to each airborne device. After receiving the test stimuli signal, each airborne device performs the test and returns the test results to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment. Step 6: Equipment Information Reporting: The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment reports the test results of each airborne device, which are then transmitted to the ground support terminal via the 5G base station. Step 7: Data reception, parsing, feedback and storage: After receiving the data packet, the ground support terminal parses and verifies it. After receiving the data, the ground support terminal transmits the feedback signal to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment via the 5G base station. At the same time, the ground support terminal will save the test results received from the airborne equipment. If data is lost, it will retransmit the interrupted data. Step 8: 5G Software Function Management: During 5G communication, this includes network management, networking functions, data transmission, status query, antenna management, device alarm, user management, and log management functions. Step 9: Status Interpretation and Maintenance Support: Maintenance personnel remotely interpret the equipment status based on the display content of the ground support terminal. If the equipment is damaged, the corresponding equipment will be repaired or replaced.

2. The aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific details of the aircraft ground inspection and maintenance system based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz are as follows: 1) Airborne 5G wireless communication equipment The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment is connected to other airborne equipment and is responsible for sending maintenance commands to other airborne equipment and receiving status information from other airborne equipment. The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment includes a storage unit and a wireless communication transceiver module. The wireless communication transceiver module includes a power module, a main processor module, a baseband module, a sub6GHz radio frequency module, a 5G millimeter-wave radio frequency module, a Sub6 low-frequency antenna, and a millimeter-wave phased array antenna. The wireless communication transceiver module can support two frequency bands. The power module provides power to the internal components of the device; the main processor module is responsible for the physical layer implementation of the relevant interfaces, and supports protocol parsing of RapidIO, 1394 and Ethernet data, extracting valid data and forwarding it to the ARM of the baseband module for relevant processing; The baseband module is used for modulation, demodulation, and encoding, and is responsible for driving loading and data transmission and reception; the Sub6GHz RF module and the 5G millimeter-wave RF module are both used for AD / DA conversion and RF transmission and reception, completing the analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog conversion of IQ signals and the transmission and reception of RF signals; the Sub6 low-frequency antenna is a passive array antenna used for RF signal transmission and reception; the millimeter-wave phased array antenna is used for beamforming, beam scheduling, and millimeter-wave RF signal transmission and reception. 2) Lightweight core network The lightweight core network consists of AMF, SMF, and UPF network elements; among them: AMF: supports registration management, mobility management, connection management, security management, access authentication and access authorization functions; SMF: supports session management, IP address management, UPF selection and control, tunnel management, user plane forwarding control, and downlink data notification functions; UPF: user plane data processing functions, supporting session management, packet forwarding and routing, downlink data caching and notification triggering, user plane policy execution, user plane QoS processing, and end-of-life marking functions; The lightweight core network is carried on a lightweight core network server, which includes a fixed lightweight core server and a portable lightweight core server. The fixed lightweight core server is fixedly deployed in the airport, while the portable lightweight core server is deployed together with the 5G portable base station in the 5G base station. 3) 5G base stations 5G base stations support 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz frequency bands and are responsible for wireless signal transmission between airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and ground support terminal equipment. 5G base stations are divided into fixed base station equipment and portable base station equipment. Fixed base stations can be deployed in airports. The specific number and location of 5G fixed base stations are designed based on the antenna orientation and coverage area of ​​the 5G base stations. 5G portable base stations are integrated base stations. Both fixed and portable base station equipment comprises three parts: a baseband processing unit, a radio frequency (RF) unit, and a base station antenna. The baseband processing unit handles modulation / demodulation and encoding, drives data transmission and reception, and processes physical layer protocols. The RF unit includes a sub-6GHz RF unit and a 5G millimeter-wave RF unit, both used for AD / DA conversion and RF transmission and reception, and features version management, performance management, fault management, and power management. The base station antenna includes a Sub-6GHz low-frequency antenna and a millimeter-wave phased array antenna. The Sub-6GHz low-frequency antenna is a passive array antenna used for RF signal transmission and reception. The 5G millimeter-wave phased array antenna is an active antenna, employing a millimeter-wave phased array antenna module for beamforming, beam scheduling, and millimeter-wave RF signal transmission and reception. In aircraft maintenance scenarios, directional antennas are commonly used. The antenna orientation and coverage area of ​​a 5G base station need to consider the specific number and location of the 5G fixed base stations deployed. 4) Ground support terminal The ground support terminal includes a ground inspection board and an integrated 5G data transceiver module, supporting 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz frequency bands, and has data transmission and reception, data storage, network management, networking functions, equipment alarm, and log management functions; the integrated 5G data transceiver module includes a baseband processing unit (BBU), a radio frequency remote unit (RRU), and a base station antenna; Fixed deployment solution for airports: 5G base stations, lightweight core network servers for carrying the lightweight core network, and baseband processing units (BBUs) are deployed in the airport's central computer room. Remote radio units (RRUs) and base station antennas are deployed inside or around the airport based on network planning and optimization results. Network planning and optimization reference indicators include communication distance, communication latency, communication rate, communication quality attenuation, and radio frequency indicators. Ground support terminals transmit data back to the central computer room via fiber optic cables, or transmit data wirelessly to ground support terminals, achieving full coverage of the airport.

3. The aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power-on self-test in step 1: After the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment is powered on normally, it is in full-state normal operation mode, and all functions are enabled. The airborne 5G wireless communication equipment periodically reports periodic BIT information, responds to BIT information queries, and reports other status information.

4. The aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, network establishment and access are achieved using a dual-band network architecture combining Sub-6GHz and millimeter-wave high and low frequencies. NR-DC technology allows a single user device to simultaneously connect to both Sub-6GHz and millimeter-wave nodes using dual connectivity. Device network access authentication is handled by the 5G lightweight core network, which uses the Sub-6GHz band of 5G base stations as the primary node and traffic control point, and the millimeter-wave band of 5G base stations as the secondary node. The network operates in two modes: single-device access and multi-device access. Device network access authentication refers to the registration, identity authentication, and security verification performed by airborne 5G wireless communication equipment and ground support terminals before they communicate with the 5G network. The accessing device will undergo multiple data interactions and comparisons with the 5G lightweight core network to verify the correctness and legality of its identity. After confirming the user, different functions are enabled based on different user permissions, and corresponding operations are performed. Standalone access: Standalone access mode is to establish a link with a specific aircraft that has been identified on the ground support terminal, or by entering a specific equipment number to search for it. Multi-aircraft access: Multi-aircraft access mode refers to the ground support terminal simultaneously performing maintenance on multiple aircraft. It can schedule resources in the form of time division and frequency division according to the order and importance of multi-aircraft access. When multiple aircraft have services at the same time, due to the technical characteristics of 5G system, frequency domain bandwidth resources are dynamically allocated according to the size of service data, and time division / frequency division / space division technology is used for flexible scheduling.

5. The aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-test results of step 3 are reported: Data transmission process of airborne 5G wireless communication equipment: The data received by the network port will be stored in the kernel queue. Before the data needs to be transmitted, the traffic data or signaling packets will be organized and then the data will be sent to the FPGA and stored in the FPGA's storage. Then, when the data is transmitted, the underlying layer will send the data. 5G base station data forwarding function: After receiving traffic data, there is a data forwarding behavior; When each node assembles traffic data packets, it fills in the destination ID and forwarding ID information of the packet data according to the routing table. When the receiving node receives this message, it determines whether the forwarding ID is the same as its own, fills in the corresponding packet header by querying the routing table, and forwards the data.

6. The aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test stimulus transmission in step 4 includes control commands and status parameters of the relevant airborne equipment; in the airborne equipment test in step 5: the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment is connected to each airborne equipment via optical fiber or 1394 bus.

7. The aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal information flow process of the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment's transmission function in step 6 is as follows: Each airborne device transmits status data to the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment via optical fiber or 1394 bus. The main processor module in the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment performs protocol parsing, extracts service data, and transmits it to the baseband module. The baseband module performs modulation, demodulation, and encoding, and after packetization, transmits the data to the radio frequency module in digital form. The radio frequency module performs AD / DA conversion and radio frequency transceiver, transmitting the data to the antenna module in analog form. The antenna module transmits signals to the 5G base station. The radio frequency module is divided into a Sub6GHz radio frequency module and a 5G millimeter-wave radio frequency module. Each radio frequency module has multiple receiving links and transmitting links. The antenna module refers to a Sub6GHz low-frequency antenna and a millimeter-wave phased array antenna.

8. The aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 7, data reception involves the ground support terminal receiving data and performing parsing and CRC verification. After data preparation, the terminal reports the data and reads it from the FPGA. The data is divided into signaling packets and traffic data. If it is a signaling packet, the corresponding identification operation is performed. If it is traffic data, it is passed to the kernel for data parsing, and the data is received / forwarded / discarded.

9. The aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 8, the network management includes network configuration and management of networking devices, channel configuration and management, working mode configuration and management, bandwidth management and traffic control management functions; the networking functions include port management functions, link management functions, and topology management functions; the data transmission functions provide data transmission services, data backup and data fusion, and protocol conversion functions; the status query functions include network information and status query, system settings, status statistics, and status reporting functions; the antenna management functions include antenna control, including antenna module power-on / off, power control, angle control, and status query; the device alarm functions include alarm prompts when each detection information exceeds a threshold, and should prompt the operator when communication with the airborne 5G wireless communication equipment is lost; the user management functions include setting user roles and permissions, specifically including account registration, password modification, and administrator permissions; the log management functions include automatic backup, import and deletion of backup data, and also have the function of storing aircraft detection information.

10. The aircraft ground inspection and maintenance method based on 5G millimeter wave and Sub6GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 9: if the device problem is a software problem, the software version is upgraded via wireless or wired transmission to solve the problem; if the device problem is a hardware problem, the corresponding damaged device is replaced.

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