An arch breaker and method of using the same

Abstract

The application provides a kind of arch breaker and its using method, relate to the technical field of silo transportation, including vertical rotating shaft, scraper, driving device, containment shell and discharge hopper;The upper part of rotating shaft is connected with scraper, and the scraper is uniformly distributed around the rotating shaft;Driving device is connected with rotating shaft through transmission combination, and rotating shaft drives scraper to rotate along its own axis by providing power through driving device;Containment shell is arranged below silo hopper, and containment shell does not contact with silo hopper, and the diameter of containment shell is greater than the diameter of the outlet at the bottom of silo hopper;Discharge hopper is connected with the lower end of containment shell;Rotating shaft passes through the middle of discharge hopper, and the top end of rotating shaft enters silo hopper;The scraper of arch breaker is embedded in material;Discharge port is arranged on one side of the bottom of discharge hopper.The arch breaker of the application can increase the flowability of material, reduce the probability of arching, and even if arching occurs, the rotation of scraper can stir and disturb the material to break the arching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of silo transportation technology, specifically to an arch breaker and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Arching of materials inside the silo can cause blockages, preventing the materials from being unloaded smoothly and adversely affecting continuous production. To break up arching in the silo and prevent material blockages, current technologies...

[0003] Chinese Patent CN102530438B provides a silo arch-breaking device. This device includes a rotating shaft and one or more arch-breaking units connected to the rotating shaft. Each arch-breaking unit includes a fixed sleeve, a movable sleeve, and one or more arch-breaking arms. The fixed sleeve is fixedly fitted onto the rotating shaft; the movable sleeve is movably fitted onto the rotating shaft. Of the two end faces of the movable sleeve adjacent to the fixed sleeve, one end face forms an end face cam profile, and the other end has an abutment member that abuts against the end face cam profile. The end face cam profile and the abutment member cooperate to form an end face cam structure. One end of the arch-breaking arm is connected to the movable sleeve, and the other end extends radially along the silo to a position adjacent to the inner wall of the silo.

[0004] Chinese patent CN106672468B discloses a stirring-type solid powder hopper anti-clogging device, including a support frame assembly, a hopper assembly, a stirring mechanism, a drive mechanism, and a pulse vibration assembly. The support frame assembly is used to fix and install the hopper assembly, stirring mechanism, and drive mechanism; the hopper assembly is mounted on the support frame assembly and is used to accumulate and store solid powder; the stirring mechanism is mounted on the support frame assembly and uses comb-toothed stirring blades to stir and loosen the solid powder, and uses spiral blades to actively output the solid powder; the drive mechanism is mounted on the support frame assembly and is used to drive the rotation of the stirring mechanism; the pulse vibration assembly is mounted on the hopper and is used to vibrate and loosen the solid powder.

[0005] Chinese patent CN213110716U discloses a silo center unloading machine, including a silo, a support beam installed inside the silo, a pressure-reducing cone mounted at the center of the support beam, at least one base at the bottom of the pressure-reducing cone, a variable frequency motor mounted on the base, a slewing bearing between the pressure-reducing cone and the base, a slewing main shaft fixed at the center of the slewing bearing, a fixed seat mounted on the slewing main shaft, and a unloading arm mounted on the fixed seat. The output shaft of each variable frequency motor passes through the base and is connected to a transmission gear. The outer ring of the moving ring of the slewing bearing has teeth, and the transmission gear meshes with the teeth. A discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the base, and the discharge pipe is connected to the silo. A lubrication system is provided outside the silo, and the lubrication system includes a transfer oil supply device and a transport pipeline.

[0006] In the process of implementing the above-described embodiments of the invention, the inventors discovered that at least the following defects exist in the prior art: the prior art cannot solve the clogging problem of lumpy wet materials mixed with powder.

[0007] Furthermore, related technologies, including the use of silo vibrators, have limitations in preventing and eliminating material blockages. Silo vibrators are only effective for materials with low moisture content. When sticky, wet materials cause blockages within the silo, using vibrators will be counterproductive, as mechanical vibration will cause internal moisture to be released, resulting in the material becoming increasingly compacted with vibration. Similarly, unblocking methods such as air cannons are only effective for dry materials. Additionally, applying anti-slip materials such as polymer resin boards to the inner walls of the silo can only reduce material adhesion to the walls, but cannot fundamentally eliminate blockages.

[0008] In production, if material blockage is severe, the machine must be stopped for treatment. Clearing the blockage is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and improper operation can even be life-threatening. How to solve the blockage problem of sticky and wet materials in the silo so that the materials can be discharged smoothly has always been a problem that has attracted attention. In particular, how to solve the blockage problem of lumpy wet materials mixed with powder has become very important. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an arch breaker and its usage method, which can solve the problem of blockage caused by lumpy wet materials in a simple and efficient way compared with existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an arch breaker and its usage method, which can efficiently solve the clogging problem of lumpy wet materials mixed with powder and ensure continuous production.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] An arch breaker includes an upright rotating shaft, a scraper, a drive device, a protective shell, and a discharge hopper. The upper part of the rotating shaft is connected to the scraper, which is evenly distributed around the rotating shaft. The drive device is connected to the rotating shaft via a transmission assembly and provides power, causing the rotating shaft to rotate the scraper along its own axis. The protective shell is located below the hopper cone, and the protective shell does not contact the hopper cone. The diameter of the protective shell is larger than the diameter of the bottom outlet of the hopper cone. The lower end of the protective shell is connected to the discharge hopper. The rotating shaft passes through the middle of the discharge hopper, and the top of the rotating shaft enters the hopper cone. The scraper of the arch breaker is embedded in the material. The bottom of the discharge hopper has a discharge port offset to one side.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple scrapers are arranged around the rotating shaft, with the scraper height increasing from low to high or decreasing from high to low. This allows for layered removal of material clogging at different locations, resulting in more efficient material removal.

[0013] Further: Hollowing out the surface with a scraper.

[0014] Furthermore: the scraper is made of steel pipe frame, or the longitudinal section of the frame is a hollow rhombus, and the sharp corner of the rhombus is in the same direction as the scraper's running direction.

[0015] Furthermore: a bushing and a support frame are also provided; the bushing is rotatably connected to the upper part of the rotating shaft; the bushing is connected to the outer periphery of the bushing, and the other end of the support frame is connected to the peripheral wall of the hopper; the support frame is a rod, at least three, and is evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotating shaft.

[0016] Furthermore, a top cover is connected to the top of the shaft, and the upper surface of the top cover is provided with teeth.

[0017] Furthermore: the top cover is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft, and a ratchet is provided on the outer periphery of the top of the rotating shaft. A sleeve with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the ratchet is provided on the lower side of the top cover. Several torsion bars are provided inside the sleeve, with one end of each torsion bar connected to the inner wall of the sleeve and the other end engaging with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet. When the frictional torque is too high, the top cover slips and no longer rotates with the rotating shaft, thus providing overload protection.

[0018] Furthermore: the rotating shaft consists of an upper rotating shaft and a lower rotating shaft, with the upper rotating shaft nested inside the lower rotating shaft. A spring is installed between the upper and lower rotating shafts, and the upper and lower rotating shafts are driven by a sliding keyway parallel to the rotating shafts. The scraper is connected to the upper rotating shaft. This allows for the smooth operation of the arch breaker, reducing impact and friction on the material.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for using an arch breaker, comprising the following steps: during normal production, the arch breaker does not operate; when material is blocked in the cone section of the hopper, the arch breaker is started; if overloaded, the device reverses; if the material supply still cannot be restored, the machine is stopped for inspection and clearing of obstructions.

[0020] The present invention also provides another method of using the arch breaker, including the following steps: during normal production, the arch breaker is kept running at a low speed; when overloaded, the device is reversed; if it is still overloaded, the machine is stopped for inspection and troubleshooting.

[0021] Furthermore: the scraper of the arch breaker operates at an adjustable speed.

[0022] Compared with the original technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The cross-sectional area of ​​the arch breaker of the present invention is very small. After deducting the cross-sections of the rotating shaft 1 and the scraper 2, the entire cross-section of the cone bottom of the hopper is used for unloading. The effective passage area of ​​the hopper bottom is increased, so it can make maximum use of gravity to allow blocky materials to pass through smoothly. Poor flowability is a necessary condition for material arching. Increasing flowability reduces the probability of arching and reduces the arching phenomenon.

[0024] Second, even if arching occurs, the present invention can break up the arching by rotating the scraper to stir and disturb the material. Compared with powder or biomass materials, lumpy wet materials mixed with powder, such as crushed stone, have a high bulk density, so the scraper needs to overcome greater resistance when running in them, and the difficulty of breaking up the arching is also increased. Some existing technologies cannot even operate in this way. Therefore, the present invention adopts a new scraper design, which can reduce its running resistance and make it suitable for lumpy wet materials.

[0025] Third, the protective shell is located below the hopper cone, and the protective shell does not contact the hopper cone. Furthermore, the diameter of the protective shell is larger than the diameter of the bottom outlet of the hopper cone. This invention employs an open design, providing ample space for clearing blockages; therefore, even if blockages occur, they can be resolved easily and efficiently.

[0026] In summary, the present invention has a simple and reasonable structure, high reliability, and can solve the clogging problem of lumpy wet materials mixed with powder in related technologies. It enables the material to have good flowability, reduces the phenomenon of bridging and clogging of lumpy wet materials mixed with powder when output from the hopper, and makes clearing obstacles convenient and quick, thereby improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a side view schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a side view schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a side view schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the AA cross-section;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a half-sectional schematic diagram of the top cover according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of BB cross section;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the CC cross-section;

[0036] In the picture:

[0037] 1. Shaft; 13. Transmission assembly; 101. Bushing; 102. Support frame; 103. Top cover; 1031. Mandrel; 1032. Sleeve; 1033. Gear; 104. Torsion bar; 106. Upper shaft; 107. Lower shaft; 108. Spring; 109. Ratchet; 2. Scraper; 3. Drive unit; 4. Enclosure; 5. Discharge hopper; 51. Discharge port; 52. Inspection door. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] The inventors discovered that arching of materials within the silo, especially at the discharge port, is the primary cause of silo blockage. The reasons for this arching are: higher silo pressure at the bottom causes materials to be tightly packed together; the discharge port's cross-section is reduced to accommodate downstream equipment, hindering smooth material flow; smaller materials pass relatively easily, while less fluid, lumpy materials gradually bridge each other against the inner wall, causing arching; wet materials have higher internal friction, and a mixture of coarse and fine materials makes arching more likely, ultimately clogging the silo. Therefore, this invention specifically increases the effective passage area at the silo bottom and incorporates a novel arch-breaking device at the bottom. The scraper 2 of this arch-breaking device is embedded in the material. Compared with related technologies:

[0041] (1) The cross-sectional area of ​​the arch breaker of the present invention is very small. After deducting the cross-sections of the rotating shaft 1 and the scraper 2, the entire cross-section of the cone bottom of the hopper is used for unloading. The effective passage area of ​​the hopper bottom is increased, so the block material can pass through smoothly by maximizing the use of gravity. Poor fluidity is a necessary condition for material arching. Increasing fluidity reduces the probability of arching and reduces the arching phenomenon.

[0042] (2) Even if arching occurs, the present invention can break the arching by rotating the scraper 2 to stir and disturb the material. Compared with powder or biomass materials, lumpy wet materials mixed with powder, such as crushed stone, have a high bulk density. When the scraper runs in them, it needs to overcome greater resistance, and the difficulty of breaking the arching is also increased. Some existing technologies cannot even operate. Therefore, the present invention adopts a new scraper design. The scraper 2 can reduce its running resistance, making it suitable for lumpy wet materials.

[0043] (3) The present invention adopts an open design with a large space for clearing obstacles. Clearing obstacles refers to removing faults, including material blockage and equipment failure. Therefore, even if blockage occurs, it can be solved easily and efficiently.

[0044] In summary, the present invention has a simple and reasonable structure, high reliability, and can solve the clogging problem of lumpy wet materials mixed with powder in related technologies. It enables the material to have good flowability, reduces the phenomenon of bridging and clogging of lumpy wet materials mixed with powder when output from the hopper, and makes clearing obstacles convenient and quick, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0045] So why can't existing technologies achieve this beneficial effect? ​​Let's take the most representative central unloading machine solution as an example: The inventors discovered that in a central unloading machine, a fixed pressure-reducing cone is set at the bottom of the hopper. Material can only pass through the annular area around the pressure-reducing cone. Although the passage area is larger than that of a conventional hopper, it is still much smaller than that of the present invention, thus making it easy for the material to clump. In addition, after the material overflows from the annular area, it is all scraped out by the unloading arm (similar to the scraper 2 of the present invention) and then transferred to the central discharge pipe. This unloading process is basically achieved by overcoming friction, and gravity is not fully utilized. Therefore, when applied to lumpy wet materials, the existing technology is not only prone to clumping, but also consumes a lot of power and is not energy-efficient; when clearing obstacles, personnel need to enter the pressure-reducing cone, which restricts space and makes operation inconvenient.

[0046] Because of the aforementioned technical means, the arch-breaking device provided by this invention is a novel device compared to existing technologies. In the embodiments of this invention, multiple optional implementation methods are provided, which can be selected according to actual needs. Regardless of the method adopted, existing technologies for storing and discharging lumpy wet materials mixed with powders are no longer used, and all methods can solve the problems in existing technologies and achieve the corresponding effects.

[0047] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] See Figure 1 An arch-breaking device includes: an upright rotating shaft 1, with several scrapers 2 connected to the upper part of the rotating shaft 1. The scrapers 2 are evenly distributed around the rotating shaft 1. In this embodiment, the scrapers 2 are right-angled triangles in side view, with a smaller top and a larger bottom, with a total of 4 pieces spaced at 90 degrees, and are welded to the rotating shaft 1. They can also be detachably connected to the rotating shaft 1, for example, by bolt connection, for easy replacement.

[0051] All the above-mentioned components are made of wear-resistant steel; or, a wear-resistant layer made of wear-resistant steel is applied to the outer surface of the rotating shaft 1, and nested around the rotating shaft 1. Nesting means that when two objects are assembled, one object is embedded into the other object; the rotating shaft 1 is made of ordinary material. This reduces manufacturing costs and makes it easy to replace after wear.

[0052] Wear-resistant steel is a general term for steel materials with strong wear resistance. High-manganese steel is a type of wear-resistant steel with high carbon and manganese content. This ancient steel type with a history of over a hundred years is still the most widely used type of wear-resistant steel (especially in mining and other sectors) because it has a strong work hardening ability under conditions of high impact and abrasive wear, while also possessing good toughness and plasticity, and its production process is easy to master. In recent decades, the development and application of low- and medium-alloy wear-resistant steels have progressed rapidly. These steels have good wear resistance and toughness, simpler production processes, and reasonable overall economic benefits, making them suitable for many working conditions and popular with users. To meet the needs of the development of mining and engineering machinery, high-hardness wear-resistant steel plates were developed and standardized internationally in the 1970s and 1980s. These steels were developed on the basis of low-alloy high-strength weldable steels. They are generally strengthened by direct quenching and tempering after rolling, or by controlled rolling and controlled cooling processes. This can save energy, and the alloy element content is low, so the price is relatively cheap, but the hardness is high, the wear resistance is good, and the process performance is acceptable.

[0053] The arch breaker also includes a protective shell 4 located below the hopper, with a discharge hopper 5 connected to the lower end of the protective shell 4; the rotating shaft 1 passes through the middle of the discharge hopper 5, and the top of the rotating shaft 1 enters the cone hopper of the hopper; the scraper 2 of the arch breaker is embedded in the material; the bottom of the discharge hopper 5 is provided with a discharge port 51 on one side, the discharge port 51 is a flat and long opening, with the length direction being the material forward direction, which not only facilitates connection to downstream equipment such as belt conveyors, but also increases the passage area and facilitates material passage; the discharge hopper 5 is provided with an inspection door 52 for convenient equipment maintenance.

[0054] The enclosure 4 is cylindrical or rectangular. The enclosure 4 does not contact the hopper cone, and the diameter of the enclosure 4 is larger than the diameter of the bottom outlet of the hopper cone. Wet materials will not generate dust, so sealing is not necessary. Therefore, clearance space is reserved to facilitate manual cleaning in case of malfunction.

[0055] The drive device 3 is connected to the rotating shaft 1 via a transmission assembly 13. The drive device 3 can be an electric motor or a hydraulic device; in this embodiment, an electric motor is used. The transmission method of the transmission assembly 13 can be belt drive, gear drive, worm gear drive, etc. Power is provided by the drive device 3, and the rotating shaft 1 drives the scraper 2 to rotate along its own axis within the hopper cone and the enclosure shell 4. The rotation direction is reversible.

[0056] (1) The advantages of belt pulley drive are that it can mitigate load impact, has relatively relaxed requirements for manufacturing and installation accuracy, and has overload protection function. The disadvantages are that it has elastic sliding and slippage, and the transmission effect is slightly lower than that of gear meshing.

[0057] (2) Meshing refers to a transmission relationship between two mechanical parts, called meshing transmission; gear transmission is the most typical meshing transmission and also the most widely used transmission form; according to different transmission principles, there are spur gear meshing transmission and helical gear meshing transmission.

[0058] (3) Worm gear transmission is suitable for motion and power between two shafts that are perpendicular to each other in space. Its advantages are large transmission ratio and compact structure; its disadvantages are large axial force, easy to heat up, low efficiency and can only be transmitted in one direction.

[0059] In this embodiment, belt pulley drive is selected. Belt pulley drive has low cost, can mitigate load impact, has low requirements for manufacturing and installation precision, and has overload protection, making it suitable for the working conditions of this device when agitating block materials.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] See Figure 2 and Figure 5 An arch-breaking device, based on Embodiment 1, provides several ways to optimize the design of the scraper 2. For example,

[0062] Several scrapers 2 are arranged around the rotating shaft 1, with the height of the scrapers 2 increasing from low to high or decreasing from high to low. For example, the height of the first scraper is denoted as h1, the height of the last scraper is denoted as hn, and n is the number of scrapers. Then the increase in height between adjacent scrapers is (hn-h1) / (n-1). The more scrapers 2 there are, the greater the running resistance. In this embodiment, the running resistance can be reduced without reducing the number of scrapers 2, and the effective range of arch breaking can be maintained.

[0063] The scraper 2 has a hole in the middle, that is, the scraper 2 is hollowed out. The larger the scraper area, the greater the running resistance. The hollowing out reduces the contact area between the scraper 2 and the material. Therefore, this embodiment can further reduce the running resistance and reduce wear.

[0064] The scraper 2 has an outer frame made of steel pipe and is connected to the rotating shaft 1. Compared with steel plate, under the premise of equal steel usage, steel pipe has a larger moment of inertia of cross section, which increases the bending stiffness, that is, improves the scraper 2's resistance to bending. Therefore, the structure of this embodiment is lightweight and sturdy.

[0065] The longitudinal section of the outer frame is a hollow rhombus, and the sharp corner of the rhombus is in the same direction as the running direction of the scraper 2, which can further reduce the running resistance.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] See Figure 3An arch-breaking device, based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, this embodiment adds a bushing 101 and a support frame 102; the bushing 101 contains a bearing and is rotatably connected to the upper part of the rotating shaft 1; several supports 102 are connected to the periphery of the bushing 101, and the other end of the support frame 102 is connected to the peripheral wall of the hopper, and the connection method can be welding or bolt connection; the support frame 102 is a rod, at least three pieces, evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotating shaft 1; when the hopper is large, the stability of the mechanism can be increased due to the supporting effect of the support frame 102.

[0068] The longitudinal section of the support frame 102 is triangular with the pointed corners facing upwards, which can prevent materials from piling up on it and facilitate material output.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] See Figure 4 An arch-breaking device, based on Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, or Embodiment 3, adds a top cover 103 to the top of the rotating shaft 1. The top cover 103 is conical with the conical surface facing upwards. The upper surface of the top cover 103 is provided with teeth 1033, which are protrusions made of wear-resistant materials (such as metal, ceramic, etc.). The top cover 103 is connected to the rotating shaft 1. Thus, the top cover 103 not only acts as a pressure-reducing cone but also enhances the arch-breaking capability. That is to say, the pressure-reducing cones in related technologies are fixed and only serve to reduce chamber pressure, while the top cover 103 of this invention (similar to a pressure-reducing cone) is rotatable. Its principle is similar to that of a vertically arranged tunnel boring machine; after being propelled by the teeth, the material above naturally slides down under gravity, thus enhancing the arch-breaking capability.

[0071] Additionally, at the mechanical level, the present invention provides the following protections:

[0072] (1) The top cover 103 and the rotating shaft 1 are connected in a movable manner. When the frictional torque is too large, the top cover 103 will slip (commonly known as slippage) and will no longer rotate with the rotating shaft 1, which is used to achieve overload protection.

[0073] Frictional torque is the torque generated by the friction between the surfaces of an object during its motion or rest. It is a very important physical phenomenon widely used in mechanical engineering, physics, chemistry, and other fields. The magnitude of frictional torque is related to factors such as the coefficient of friction between the object's surfaces, the object's mass, its shape, and its state of motion. When an object is in motion, the direction of frictional torque is opposite to the direction of motion; when an object is at rest, the direction of frictional torque is the same as the direction of motion. In mechanical engineering, frictional torque is a very important torque that can be used to control the movement of mechanical equipment. For example, in automobile manufacturing, frictional torque can be used to control the rotation of the wheels, thus enabling the car to move smoothly.

[0074] Regarding the overload protection, let's take a torque-controlled wrench as an example: When a worker uses a torque-controlled wrench to turn a bolt, the lever action of the wrench generates a torque. This torque is transmitted to the wrench's spring, which will elastically deform according to the magnitude of the torque, causing the wrench handle to bend accordingly. When the wrench handle bends to a certain extent, it indicates that the bolt has reached the predetermined tightening force, at which point the worker can stop turning the bolt. A more optimized design would be that even if the worker continues to increase the force, the wrench will slip and become unable to exert force. The use of a torque-controlled wrench can maintain a certain torque, thereby avoiding over-tightening. Over-tightening can lead to bolt breakage or deformation, which is the most common method of overload protection.

[0075] See Figure 6 , Figure 7 In this embodiment, a spindle 1031 is provided in the middle of the lower part of the top cover 103, and a cylindrical hole coaxial with the top of the rotating shaft 1 is provided. The spindle 1031 is inserted into the cylindrical hole at the top of the rotating shaft 1, and is clearance-fitted with the opening, that is, the top cover 103 and the rotating shaft 1 are rotatably connected. A ratchet is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the top of the rotating shaft 1. A sleeve 1032 with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the ratchet 109 is provided on the lower side of the top cover 103. A plurality of torsion bars 104 are provided inside the sleeve 1032. The torsion bars 104 are elastic rods. One end of the torsion bar 104 is connected to the inner wall of the sleeve, and the other end of the torsion bar 104 engages with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet 109. In this way, the frictional torque on the top cover 103 is converted into torque. When the top cover 103 is jammed by a large piece of material, the torque on the torsion bar 104 is too large, and its bending deformation exceeds the limit. The end of the torsion bar 104 slides past the teeth of the ratchet, and the torsion bar 104 and the top cover 103 no longer rotate with the rotating shaft 1. Therefore, similar to a torque wrench, this embodiment can protect the device and reduce power consumption.

[0076] (2) The rotating shaft 1 is divided into two parts, namely the upper rotating shaft 106 and the lower rotating shaft 107. The upper rotating shaft 106 and the lower rotating shaft 107 are movably connected. Under certain conditions, in addition to rotation, the upper rotating shaft 106 can also drive the scraper 2 to move up and down.

[0077] See Figure 8 , Figure 9In this embodiment, below the scraper 2, the rotating shaft 1 is split into two sections and then reconnected. The upper rotating shaft 106 nests within the lower rotating shaft 107. The connecting portion has reserved space for movement along the axis of the rotating shaft. A spring 108 is provided between the upper rotating shaft 106 and the lower rotating shaft 107. The upper rotating shaft 106 and the lower rotating shaft 107 are connected by a key and a groove, with a clearance fit, and the keyway is longer than the key. If the mechanism includes the bushing 101, the upper rotating shaft 106 passes through the bushing 101, but the bushing 101 cannot restrict the vertical displacement of the upper rotating shaft 106.

[0078] Thus, under the elastic action of the spring 108, the scraper 2 can float up and down according to the material pressure it bears. When the material pressure is high, the scraper 2 automatically sinks, and vice versa. That is, the scraper 2 can adjust its height position by itself, so it can automatically avoid large pieces of material and reduce running resistance. Moreover, when the material collapses in the bin, the material pressure increases instantaneously, and the scraper 2 automatically sinks, which can play a shock absorption role and make the mechanism run smoothly.

[0079] In summary, it can be seen that this invention no longer uses existing technology; furthermore, depending on the properties of the materials, this invention also provides two optional usage methods, each of which can solve the problems in the prior art and achieve corresponding effects:

[0080] This invention also provides a method for using an arch-breaking device:

[0081] During normal production, the arch breaker does not operate; the arch breaker is activated when material is blocked in the cone section of the hopper; if overloaded, the device reverses; if the material supply still cannot be restored, the machine is stopped for inspection and clearing.

[0082] The details are as follows: When the downstream equipment experiences a material shortage, the situation can be observed through a camera. If the discharge hopper 5 is found to be full, it indicates that material is blocking the discharge port 51. Since the discharge port 51 is a flat and elongated opening with a large diameter, this situation rarely occurs. Furthermore, the protective shell 4 is open, and the blockage can be cleared by inserting a steel rod. If the discharge hopper 5 is found to be empty, it indicates that material is blocking the cone-shaped hopper of the silo. At this time, the arch breaker is activated. This operation allows for selective activation of the mechanism, saving electricity.

[0083] This invention also provides another method of using the arch-breaking device:

[0084] During normal production, the arch breaker operates at a low speed; in case of overload, the device reverses; if overload persists, the machine is stopped for inspection and troubleshooting. This solution enhances material flow and maintains smooth operation.

[0085] In both of the above usage methods, overcurrent protection can be selectively equipped for the drive device 3. When the torque is too large, it manifests as excessive current. At this time, the arch breaker stops or reverses. Overcurrent protection is a protection method that causes the protection device to operate when the current exceeds a predetermined maximum value. When the current flowing through the protected component exceeds a pre-set value, the protection device starts and uses a time limit to ensure selective operation, causing the circuit breaker to trip or issuing an alarm signal.

[0086] Generally, there are several methods for starting motors, including direct starting, autotransformer starting, reduced-voltage starting, star-delta starting, and frequency conversion starting. This embodiment uses frequency conversion starting, where the inverter controls the motor's power supply voltage and frequency to keep the starting current and surge within a reasonable range. A frequency converter (VFD) is a power control device that uses frequency conversion technology and microelectronics to control an AC motor by changing the frequency of its power supply. A VFD mainly consists of a rectification, filtering, inversion, braking unit, drive unit, detection unit, and microprocessor unit. It adjusts the output power supply voltage and frequency by switching its internal IGBTs, providing the required power voltage according to the motor's actual needs, thereby achieving energy saving and speed regulation.

[0087] The scraper 2 of the arch breaker operates at an adjustable speed, meaning its rotation speed is variable; this feature can be applied to either usage mode 1 or usage mode 2. It is suitable for overcoming adverse working conditions, such as encountering large pieces of material. While ensuring material flowability (preventing blockages), this solution can reduce power consumption.

[0088] In this invention, the resistance of the material is overcome by the rotational torque, which is reflected in the magnitude of the current. In this embodiment, the speed of the device is adjusted according to the resistance of the arch breaker; for example, the speed decreases when the resistance increases; and the device reverses when the resistance further increases to a limit. The main speed control methods for the motor include voltage modulation speed control and frequency conversion speed control. Voltage modulation speed control adjusts the motor speed by changing the motor's supply voltage; frequency conversion speed control achieves speed adjustment by controlling the motor's power supply voltage and frequency using a frequency converter. In addition, there are resistance speed control, pole-changing speed control, commutation speed control, and liquid resistance speed control. Liquid resistance speed control adjusts the motor speed by changing the resistance of the liquid injected into the motor rotor; this method is suitable for low-power motors and applications in humid, corrosive, or explosive environments. The selection of a motor speed control method should be based on a comprehensive consideration of factors such as motor power, load conditions, speed control accuracy, and energy consumption.

[0089] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent transformations or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An arch-breaking device, characterized in that, include: An upright rotating shaft (1), a scraper (2), a drive unit (3), a protective shell (4), and a discharge hopper (5); The upper part of the rotating shaft (1) is connected to the scraper (2), and the scraper (2) is evenly distributed around the rotating shaft (1) in its circumference; The drive device (3) is connected to the rotating shaft (1) through the transmission assembly (13), and the drive device (3) provides power, and the rotating shaft (1) drives the scraper (2) to rotate along its own axis; The enclosure shell (4) is located below the cone hopper of the hopper. The enclosure shell (4) does not contact the cone hopper of the hopper, and the diameter of the enclosure shell (4) is larger than the diameter of the bottom outlet of the cone hopper of the hopper. The lower end of the enclosure shell (4) is connected to the discharge hopper (5); the rotating shaft (1) passes through the middle of the discharge hopper (5), and the top of the rotating shaft (1) enters the hopper cone; the scraper (2) of the arch breaker is embedded in the material; the bottom of the discharge hopper (5) is provided with a discharge port (51) on one side. Multiple scrapers (2) are provided around the rotating shaft (1), and the height of the scrapers (2) increases from low to high or decreases from high to low; The scraper (2) is a right-angled triangle when viewed from the side, with a smaller top and a larger bottom; The rotating shaft (1) is divided into two parts, namely an upper rotating shaft (106) and a lower rotating shaft (107). The upper rotating shaft (106) and the lower rotating shaft (107) are movably connected. The upper rotating shaft (106) drives the scraper (2) to move up and down.

2. The arch-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: (2) Hollowing out with a scraper.

3. The arch-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The scraper (2) is made of steel pipe with a hollow rhombus in the longitudinal section and the sharp corner of the rhombus is in the same direction as the scraper (2).

4. The arch-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is also provided with a bushing (101) and a support frame (102); the bushing (101) is rotatably connected to the upper part of the rotating shaft (1); the bushing (101) is connected to the support frame (102) on the outside, and the other end of the support frame (102) is connected to the periphery of the silo; the support frame (102) is a rod, at least three, and is evenly distributed around the rotating shaft (1).

5. The arch-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the rotating shaft (1) is also connected to a top cover (103), and the upper surface of the top cover (103) is provided with a tooth (1033).

6. The arch-breaking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top cover (103) is movably connected to the rotating shaft (1). When the frictional torque is too large, the top cover (103) slips and no longer rotates with the rotating shaft (1), which is used to achieve overload protection.

7. A method of using an arch-breaking device, employing any one of the arch-breaking devices as described in claims 1-6, characterized in that: The process includes the following steps: During normal production, the arch breaker does not operate; when material is blocked in the cone section of the hopper, the arch breaker is activated; if overloaded, the device reverses; if the material supply still cannot be restored, the machine is stopped for inspection and clearing of obstructions.

8. The method of using an arch-breaking device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The scraper (2) of the arch breaker operates at a variable speed.

9. A method of using an arch-breaking device, employing any one of the arch-breaking devices as described in claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: During normal production, the arch breaker operates at a low speed; in case of overload, the device reverses; if it is still overloaded, stop the machine for inspection and troubleshooting.

10. The method of using an arch-breaking device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The scraper (2) of the arch breaker operates at a variable speed.

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