A two-combustion-chamber structure and waste incineration system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of waste incineration technology, and more particularly to a secondary combustion chamber structure and a waste incineration system. It includes: a front-end receiving module comprising a garbage truck and a garbage storage pit; the garbage on the truck is weighed by a weighbridge and then unloaded into the garbage storage pit for fermentation and dehydration; and a feeding module comprising a garbage grab and a feed chute; the garbage grab lifts the garbage from the storage pit to the feeding hopper, and the garbage is continuously fed to the grate inlet via the chute located at the front of the incinerator. This invention features an emergency discharge pipe and a guide vane assembly inside the secondary combustion chamber. During normal use, the guide vane assembly guides and directs the flue gas. In case of an emergency, a drive assembly can change the preset state of the first and second guide vanes, ensuring they do not obstruct the gas flow direction or slow down the gas flow rate, thus allowing the flue gas inside the secondary combustion chamber to be discharged to other safe areas in a timely manner to avoid environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste incineration technology, and more particularly to a two-combustion-chamber structure and a waste incineration system. Background Technology

[0002] Waste disposal has always been a major environmental issue of global concern. Traditional waste disposal methods mainly involve incinerating waste in incinerators. Incineration not only greatly reduces the volume of waste, but also allows the heat generated to be used for power generation and heating, achieving the goal of energy reuse. Incinerators are usually equipped with secondary combustion chambers to further decompose and burn the flue gas produced during pyrolysis, ensuring that the waste is fully burned and decomposed.

[0003] Chinese patent CN218064895U discloses a secondary combustion chamber for waste incineration. It is divided into three sequentially connected chambers, A, B, and C, by a partition. Chamber A is the combustion zone with a combustion temperature greater than 1100℃, which can meet the incineration temperature requirements of almost all waste and hazardous waste, such as the incineration of chemical and pharmaceutical waste in medical waste. Chamber A is equipped with an air intake component, which provides primary air supply. The primary air supply is incomplete, which enables low-NOx combustion.

[0004] However, the aforementioned secondary combustion chamber is not equipped with an emergency exhaust system. In the event of overheating, abnormal pressure, or system failure in the secondary combustion chamber, the baffles slow down the flow of flue gas, making it impossible to quickly discharge the flue gas and exhaust gas to a safe area, which poses a certain safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the background technology, a dual combustion chamber structure and a waste incineration system are proposed. The dual combustion chamber is equipped with an emergency discharge pipe and a guide vane assembly. During normal use, the guide vane assembly guides and directs the flue gas. In case of an emergency, a drive component can change the preset state of the first and second guide vanes, ensuring they do not obstruct the gas flow direction or slow down the gas flow rate. This allows the flue gas inside the dual combustion chamber to be promptly discharged to other safe areas, thus avoiding environmental pollution.

[0006] This invention proposes a two-combustion chamber structure, comprising: a two-combustion chamber body, including a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber, which are interconnected; two deposition slopes are provided at the bottom of the auxiliary combustion chamber, one of which is connected to the main combustion chamber; a flow guide shroud, installed below the two-combustion chamber body, through which the main combustion chamber is connected to the incinerator; a burner, installed on the outside of the two-combustion chamber body near the flow guide shroud, with the burner nozzle extending into the inner side of the main combustion chamber; and a heat exchanger pipe assembly, located inside the main combustion chamber, for heat exchange in the combustion flue gas. Hot operation; heat exchange wall of the partition chamber, located on the inner side wall of the auxiliary combustion chamber; air guide plate assembly, located on the inner side of the secondary combustion chamber body, to change the direction and speed of exhaust gas flow, thereby guiding and distributing the exhaust gas flow rate; exhaust pipe, installed on the top of the side wall of the secondary combustion chamber body, with one end extending into the auxiliary combustion chamber; slag discharge pipe, installed at the bottom of the auxiliary combustion chamber between two sedimentation slopes, with a manual valve located on the outside of the secondary combustion chamber body; emergency discharge pipe, installed above the secondary combustion chamber body, with its bottom end extending into the auxiliary combustion chamber, and an electric valve installed in the middle.

[0007] Preferably, the heat exchanger pipe assembly includes heat exchanger coils, U-shaped connecting pipes, inlet pipes, and outlet pipes. Multiple sets of heat exchanger coils are vertically arranged at equal intervals from top to bottom in the main combustion chamber, and both ends of each coil are connected to U-shaped connecting pipes. The U-shaped connecting pipes connect the coils to the adjacent heat exchanger coils above and below. The uppermost heat exchanger coil and the lowermost heat exchanger coil are respectively connected to inlet pipes and outlet pipes that pass through the secondary combustion chamber body.

[0008] Preferably, the heat exchange coil is composed of multiple S-shaped water pipes connected end to end.

[0009] Preferably, the air guide plate assembly includes a first air guide plate and a second air guide plate. The first air guide plate is installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the connection between the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber. A fixed frame is provided inside the auxiliary combustion chamber, and a guide telescopic rod is installed on the fixed frame. The second air guide plate is installed on the guide telescopic rod. The first air guide plate and the second air guide plate cooperate to make the exhaust gas flow in an S-shaped direction. A sealing baffle corresponding to the second air guide plate is provided at the top of the inner wall of the auxiliary combustion chamber.

[0010] Preferably, a drive assembly for driving the second air guide plate to rise and fall is provided inside the secondary combustion chamber. The assembly includes a drive motor, a lead screw, a lead sleeve, and support rods. The drive motor is mounted on the secondary combustion chamber body. The output end of the drive motor passes through the secondary combustion chamber body and is connected to the lead screw. The bottom end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the deposition slope of the main combustion chamber through a bearing. The lead sleeve is threaded onto the lead screw. Two sets of support rods are provided. The lead sleeve is connected to the second air guide plate through the two support rods.

[0011] Preferably, the first air guide plate includes a main plate and a sub-plate. The sub-plate is hinged to the main plate. An L-shaped baffle is provided on one side of the hinge point between the sub-plate and the main plate. The L-shaped baffle is connected to the second air guide plate. One end of the L-shaped baffle is provided with a wedge-shaped surface.

[0012] This invention further proposes a waste incineration system with the aforementioned two-combustion-chamber structure, comprising: a front-end receiving module, including a garbage truck and a garbage storage pit, wherein the garbage on the garbage truck is weighed by a weighbridge and unloaded into the garbage storage pit for fermentation and dehydration; a feeding module, including a garbage grab bucket and a guide chute, wherein the garbage grab bucket lifts the garbage from the garbage storage pit to the feeding hopper, and continuously feeds it to the grate inlet along the chute set at the front end of the incinerator; a pushing module, including a pusher, for pushing the garbage on the grate to the incineration module; and an incineration module, including... The system includes an incinerator, which is divided into four sections from left to right: a drying section, a combustion section, a combustion section, a combustion section, a burnout section, and a burnout section, used to fully combust the waste inside the furnace; a slag discharge module, including a scraper slag discharger, used to discharge solid ash and slag for subsequent sorting and recycling operations; a secondary incineration module, including a secondary combustion chamber structure, used to re-burn the exhaust gas generated by the incineration module before discharge; and a tail gas treatment module, including a flue gas purifier, a desulfurization tower, a denitrification furnace, and an adsorption box, used to treat the flue gas after secondary combustion before discharge.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: An emergency exhaust pipe and a guide vane assembly are provided inside the secondary combustion chamber. During normal operation, the guide vane assembly guides and directs the flue gas. In case of an emergency, the drive assembly can drive the first and second guide vanes to change their set states so that they do not obstruct the gas flow direction and avoid slowing down the gas flow rate. This allows the flue gas inside the secondary combustion chamber to be discharged to other safe areas in a timely manner, so as to avoid equipment damage and environmental pollution caused by accidents, and reduce the overall safety hazards. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a two-combustion-chamber structure and a waste incineration system according to the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure;

[0016] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the equipment failure air guide plate assembly structure;

[0017] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the hot water exchange pipe assembly;

[0018] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the heat exchange wall structure of the screen chamber;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a waste incineration system.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1. Secondary combustion chamber body; 2. Main combustion chamber; 3. Auxiliary combustion chamber; 4. Deposition slope; 5. Flow guide hood; 6. Burner; 7. Hot water exchanger pipe assembly; 8. Screen chamber heat exchanger wall; 9. Air guide plate assembly; 10. Exhaust pipe; 11. Slag discharge pipe; 12. Manual valve; 13. Emergency discharge pipe; 14. Electric valve; 15. Heat exchanger coil; 16. U-shaped connecting pipe; 17. Water inlet pipe; 18. Water outlet pipe; 19. Fixing frame; 20. Guide telescopic rod; 21. Sealing seat; 22. Drive motor; 23. Lead screw; 24. Sleeve; 25. Support rod; 26. L-shaped baffle; 27. First air guide plate; 28. Second air guide plate; 29. ​​Main plate; 30. Sub-plate. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Example 1

[0022] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the present invention proposes a two-combustion-chamber structure and a waste incineration system, comprising: a front-end receiving module, including a garbage truck and a garbage storage pit, wherein the garbage on the garbage truck is weighed by a weighbridge and unloaded into the garbage storage pit for fermentation and dehydration; a feeding module, including a garbage grab bucket and a guide chute, wherein the garbage grab bucket lifts the garbage in the garbage storage pit to the feeding hopper, and continuously feeds it to the grate inlet along the chute set at the front end of the incinerator; a pushing module, including a pusher, for pushing the garbage on the grate to the incineration module; and an incineration module, including... The incinerator is divided into four sections from left to right: a drying section, a combustion section, a combustion section, a combustion section, a burnout section, and a burnout section, used to fully combust the waste inside the furnace. The ash removal module includes a scraper ash remover, used to remove solid ash for subsequent sorting and recycling operations. The secondary incineration module includes a secondary combustion chamber structure, used to re-burn the exhaust gas generated by the incineration module before discharge. The exhaust gas treatment module includes a flue gas purifier, a desulfurization tower, a denitrification furnace, and an adsorption box, used to treat the flue gas after secondary combustion before discharge.

[0023] In operation, garbage trucks enter the plant through the logistics gate. After being weighed on the weighbridge, the vehicles drive into the garbage unloading hall as instructed, and then dump the garbage into the garbage storage pit. The trucks unload several to twenty tons of garbage into the storage pit through the rear truck bed. As required, the garbage in the storage pit will remain for 7-10 days to ferment and dehydrate, thereby increasing its calorific value. The garbage grab bucket lifts the garbage in the storage pit to the feeding hopper, and then continuously feeds it to the grate inlet through the guide chute. Under the action of the pusher, the garbage first enters the grate drying zone. Through the movement of the grate, the garbage moves forward on the grate to the combustion zone, and finally reaches the burnout zone, ensuring that the garbage is fully burned at high temperature. The flue gas after combustion is efficiently treated by the flue gas purifier, desulfurization tower, denitrification furnace and adsorption box to ensure that it meets the emission standards.

[0024] The secondary combustion chamber structure includes a main combustion chamber 2 and an auxiliary combustion chamber 3, which are interconnected. The auxiliary combustion chamber 3 has two deposition slopes 4 at its bottom, one of which is connected to the main combustion chamber 2. A flow guide shroud 5 is installed below the secondary combustion chamber body 1, and the main combustion chamber 2 is connected to the incinerator through the flow guide shroud 5. A burner 6 is installed on the outside of the secondary combustion chamber body 1 near the flow guide shroud 5, with its nozzle extending into the inside of the main combustion chamber 2. A heat exchanger pipe assembly 7 is located inside the main combustion chamber 2 to exchange heat in the combustion flue gas. A heat exchanger wall 8 is also included. The auxiliary combustion chamber 3 is located on the inner wall of the secondary combustion chamber 3; the air guide plate assembly 9 is located inside the secondary combustion chamber body 1 to change the direction and speed of the exhaust gas flow, thereby guiding and distributing the exhaust gas flow rate; the exhaust pipe 10 is installed on the top of the side wall of the secondary combustion chamber body 1, with one end extending into the secondary combustion chamber 3; the slag discharge pipe 11 is installed at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 3 between two sedimentation slopes 4, and a manual valve 12 located outside the secondary combustion chamber body 1 is installed on it; the emergency discharge pipe 13 is installed above the secondary combustion chamber body 1, with its bottom end extending into the secondary combustion chamber 3, and an electric valve 14 is installed in the middle.

[0025] Furthermore, the hot water exchanger pipe assembly 7 includes a heat exchanger coil 15, a U-shaped connecting pipe 16, an inlet pipe 17, and an outlet pipe 18. Multiple sets of heat exchanger coils 15 are vertically arranged at equal intervals from top to bottom in the main combustion chamber 2, and both ends of each coil are connected to the U-shaped connecting pipe 16. The U-shaped connecting pipe 16 connects the coils 15 above and below to the adjacent heat exchanger coils 15. The uppermost heat exchanger coil 15 and the lowermost heat exchanger coil 15 are respectively connected to the inlet pipe 17 and the outlet pipe 18 that pass through the secondary combustion chamber body 1.

[0026] Furthermore, the heat exchange coil 15 is composed of multiple S-shaped water pipes connected end to end.

[0027] During operation, the flue gas generated during the incineration process is guided into the main combustion chamber 2 through the guide hood 5, and then burned again at high temperature by the burner 6. The flue gas after combustion flows along the first guide plate 27, and cold water is introduced into the heat exchange coil 15 through the inlet pipe 17 in the hot water exchange pipe group 7. The heat exchange coil 15 is connected by the U-shaped connecting pipe 16, so that it is discharged from the outlet pipe 18. During the flow of cold water, the heat in the flowing flue gas is absorbed by the pipe wall and exchanges heat with the cold water. Then the flue gas continuously washes the heat exchange wall 8 of the screen chamber along the guide plate assembly 9. After sufficient heat exchange, it is introduced into the subsequent treatment equipment through the exhaust pipe 10, so that the flue gas is fully burned. The ash and unburned garbage carried in the flue gas are discharged through the ash discharge pipe 11.

[0028] Furthermore, the air guide plate assembly 9 includes a first air guide plate 27 and a second air guide plate 28. The first air guide plate 27 is installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the connection between the main combustion chamber 2 and the auxiliary combustion chamber 3. A fixing frame 19 is provided inside the auxiliary combustion chamber 3, and a guide telescopic rod 20 is installed on the fixing frame 19. The second air guide plate 28 is installed on the guide telescopic rod 20. The first air guide plate 27 and the second air guide plate 28 cooperate to make the exhaust gas flow in an S-shaped direction. A sealing baffle 21 corresponding to the second air guide plate 28 is provided at the top of the inner wall of the auxiliary combustion chamber 3.

[0029] Furthermore, the inner side of the secondary combustion chamber 3 is provided with a drive assembly for driving the second air guide plate 28 to rise and fall. The assembly includes a drive motor 22, a lead screw 23, a lead sleeve 24, and a support rod 25. The drive motor 22 is mounted on the secondary combustion chamber body 1. The output end of the drive motor 22 passes through the secondary combustion chamber body 1 and is connected to the lead screw 23. The bottom end of the lead screw 23 is rotatably connected to the deposition slope 4 of the main combustion chamber 2 through a bearing. The lead sleeve 24 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 23. Two sets of support rods 25 are provided. The lead sleeve 24 is connected to the second air guide plate 28 through the two support rods 25.

[0030] In use, when an emergency malfunction occurs inside the secondary combustion chamber 1, the emergency exhaust pipe 13 is opened by the electric valve 14, and the drive motor 22 is started at the same time. The drive motor 22 drives the lead screw 23 to rotate. When the lead screw 23 rotates, it drives the lead sleeve 24 to make the second guide plate 28 descend smoothly under the limit of the guide telescopic rod 20, thereby opening the flue gas passage above it. This prevents the flue gas in the auxiliary combustion chamber 3 from entering the emergency exhaust pipe 13, so that the flue gas inside the secondary combustion chamber 1 can be discharged to other safe areas in a timely manner, so as to avoid environmental pollution caused by equipment damage or accidents, and reduce the overall safety hazards.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] like Figures 2-3 As shown, the present invention proposes a two-combustion-chamber structure and a waste incineration system. Based on the above embodiments, the first air guide plate 27 includes a main plate 29 and a secondary plate 30. The secondary plate 30 is hinged to the main plate 29. An L-shaped baffle 26 is provided on one side of the hinge point between the secondary plate 30 and the main plate 29. The L-shaped baffle 26 is connected to the second air guide plate 28. One end of the L-shaped baffle 26 is provided with a wedge-shaped surface.

[0033] In this embodiment, when the drive assembly drives the second air guide plate 28 to descend, the second air guide plate 28 drives the L-shaped baffle 26 to descend, so that the sub-plate 30 rotates adaptively along the hinge point with the main plate 29, thereby shortening the set height of the first air guide plate 27 and accelerating the flow speed of flue gas when the equipment malfunctions. After the equipment is maintained, as the threaded sleeve 24 and the second air guide plate 28 are reset, the L-shaped baffle 26 is driven to rise, so that the L-shaped baffle 26 drives the sub-plate 30 to rotate around the hinge point until it is on the same plane as the main plate 29.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-combustion chamber structure, characterized in that, It includes: The secondary combustion chamber body (1) includes a main combustion chamber (2) and an auxiliary combustion chamber (3), which are interconnected. The bottom of the auxiliary combustion chamber (3) is provided with two deposition slopes (4), one of which is connected to the main combustion chamber (2). The flow guide (5) is installed below the secondary combustion chamber body (1), and the main combustion chamber (2) is connected to the incinerator through the flow guide (5); The burner (6) is installed on the side of the secondary combustion chamber body (1) near the guide shroud (5), and the nozzle of the burner (6) extends to the inside of the main combustion chamber (2); The hot water exchange pipe assembly (7) is located inside the main combustion chamber (2) to exchange heat in the flue gas. The heat exchange wall (8) of the partition chamber is located on the inner side wall of the auxiliary combustion chamber (3); The air guide plate assembly (9) is set inside the secondary combustion chamber body (1) to change the direction and speed of the exhaust gas flow, thereby guiding and distributing the exhaust gas flow rate; The exhaust pipe (10) is installed on the top of the side wall of the secondary combustion chamber body (1), with one end extending into the auxiliary combustion chamber (3); The slag discharge pipe (11) is installed at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber (3) between two sedimentation slopes (4), and a manual valve (12) located outside the secondary combustion chamber body (1) is provided on it; An emergency discharge pipe (13) is installed above the secondary combustion chamber body (1), with its bottom end extending into the auxiliary combustion chamber (3), and an electric valve (14) is installed in the middle of it; The air guide plate assembly (9) includes a first air guide plate (27) and a second air guide plate (28). The first air guide plate (27) is installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the connection between the main combustion chamber (2) and the auxiliary combustion chamber (3). A fixing frame (19) is provided inside the auxiliary combustion chamber (3). A guide telescopic rod (20) is installed on the fixing frame (19). The second air guide plate (28) is installed on the guide telescopic rod (20). The first air guide plate (27) and the second air guide plate (28) work together to make the exhaust gas flow in an S-shaped direction. A sealing baffle (21) corresponding to the second air guide plate (28) is provided at the top of the inner wall of the auxiliary combustion chamber (3). 3) An internal drive assembly for driving the second air guide plate (28) to rise and fall is provided. The assembly includes a drive motor (22), a lead screw (23), a threaded sleeve (24), and a support rod (25). The drive motor (22) is mounted on the secondary combustion chamber body (1). The output end of the drive motor (22) passes through the secondary combustion chamber body (1) and is connected to the lead screw (23). The bottom end of the lead screw (23) is rotatably connected to the deposition slope (4) of the main combustion chamber (2) through a bearing. The threaded sleeve (24) is threadedly connected to the lead screw (23). Two sets of support rods (25) are provided. The threaded sleeve (24) is connected to the second air guide plate (28) through the two sets of support rods (25). The first air guide plate (27) includes a main plate (29) and a secondary plate (30). The secondary plate (30) is hinged to the main plate (29). An L-shaped baffle (26) is provided on one side of the hinge point between the secondary plate (30) and the main plate (29). The L-shaped baffle (26) is connected to the second air guide plate (28). One end of the L-shaped baffle (26) is provided with a wedge-shaped surface.

2. The dual combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot water exchanger pipe assembly (7) includes a heat exchanger coil (15), a U-shaped connecting pipe (16), an inlet pipe (17), and an outlet pipe (18). Multiple sets of heat exchanger coils (15) are arranged vertically at equal intervals from top to bottom in the main combustion chamber (2). Both ends of the coils are connected to U-shaped connecting pipes (16), which are connected to the adjacent heat exchanger coils (15) above and below. The uppermost heat exchanger coil (15) and the lowermost heat exchanger coil (15) are connected to the inlet pipe (17) and the outlet pipe (18) that pass through the secondary combustion chamber body (1), respectively.

3. The dual combustion chamber structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat exchange coil (15) is composed of multiple S-shaped water pipes connected end to end.

4. A waste incineration system, employing the dual combustion chamber structure as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It includes: The front-end receiving module includes a garbage truck and a garbage storage pit. After the garbage on the garbage truck is weighed by the weighbridge, it is unloaded into the garbage storage pit to ferment and dehydrate. The feeding module includes a garbage grab and a feeding chute. The garbage grab lifts the garbage in the garbage storage pit to the feeding hopper, and continuously feeds it to the grate inlet through the chute set at the front of the incinerator. The feeding module, including a feeder, is used to push the waste on the grate into the incineration module; The incineration module includes an incinerator, which is divided into a drying section, a combustion section 1, a combustion section 2, a combustion section 3, a burnout section 1, and a burnout section 2 from left to right, for the purpose of fully burning the waste in the furnace; The slag discharge module, including a scraper slag discharger, is used to discharge solid ash and slag for subsequent sorting and recycling operations. The secondary incineration module includes a secondary combustion chamber structure, which is used to re-burn the exhaust gas generated by the incineration module before it is discharged. The exhaust gas treatment module includes a flue gas purifier, a desulfurization tower, a denitrification furnace, and an adsorption box, which are used to treat the flue gas after secondary combustion before it is discharged.

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