A cultivation method for early maturing and quality improvement of grapefruit

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of early grape cultivation method of quality improvement, it is related to grape cultivation method technical field, the method of the present application includes the following steps: (1) no disease nutrition cup seedling breeding;(2) nutrition cup seedling planting;(3) shaping pruning;(4) fertilizer water management;(5) bag management.No disease nutrition cup seedling breeding, it can bear fruit in the second year;Through mulching, optimizing bagging, optimizing watering and fertilizing scheme and other ways, the soluble solids content of grape can be greatly improved, and the influence of rain on the soluble solids content of grape can be effectively reduced, so that the soluble solids content of grape can be kept stable, and the sugar content of grape can be greatly improved, so that the purpose of early grape cultivation with quality improvement is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of grapefruit cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a grapefruit early-fruiting quality-improving cultivation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Grapefruit is a small tree of Rutaceae, with branches slightly pendulous and glabrous. The leaf shape and texture are similar to those of Citrus maxima, but the alar leaf is narrower and shorter, and the midrib of the alar leaf of the tender leaf is covered with short fine hairs. The raceme is rare or single-flowered axillary; the calyx is glabrous; and the petal is smaller than that of Citrus maxima. The fruit is oblate to spheroidal, smaller than that of Citrus maxima, and the fruit peel is also thinner. The fruit core is full, and the pulp is soft, with a light yellowish white or pink color, softness, juiciness, crispness, slight fragrance, and a sour taste, with a bitter and numbing taste in individual varieties. There are few or no seeds, and the fruit is mostly embryonic. The fruiting period is from October to November. The grapefruit is soft and juicy, with a slight fragrance, a sour and sweet taste, a slight bitter taste, a unique flavor, and a good taste. The grapefruit can be eaten fresh, canned, or made into juice, and the juice is one of the most important edible forms. About half of the grapefruits in the world are processed into juice. The grapefruit peel can be used to extract essential oil and naringin, the intermediate peel can be used to extract pectin and make candied fruits, and the seeds can be used to extract oil. The grapefruit is often used as a flavoring agent in frozen desserts, baked foods, carbonated beverages, and alcoholic beverages, and is also used as a fragrance agent for cosmetics, cleaning agents, perfumed soap, and soap. The grapefruit contains rich vitamin C, soluble cellulose, and valuable natural vitamin P. The vitamin C can participate in the synthesis of human collagen protein, has the effects of relieving fatigue, aiding digestion, producing saliva, quenching thirst, reducing weight, and preserving skin, and can promote the generation of antibodies to enhance the detoxification function of the body. The vitamin P can enhance the function of the skin and pores, is beneficial to the health and beauty of the skin, and has the effects of clearing heat and removing inflammation, which is beneficial to improving the permeability and fragility of blood vessels. The grapefruit is not only a good fruit tree, but also a good ornamental tree. The round and uniform tree shape, straight and orderly branches, and deep green and glossy leaves of the grapefruit give a person a fresh, cheerful, and beautiful feeling, and the grapefruit is a good landscaping tree, especially when the flowers emit fragrance in spring and the leaves are yellow among the green leaves in autumn. The grapefruit is a landscaping tree with good ornamental effects, and can be planted in the courtyard to harvest fruits and beautify the courtyard.

[0003] At present, the grapefruit generally bears fruits after 2-3 years of planting, the soluble solid content of the grapefruit is low, the soluble solid content of the grapefruit in the harvesting period is greatly affected by rainwater, the soluble solid content is low and unstable, and the grapefruit is not suitable for large water and fertilizer, otherwise the sugar content is not high. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims at the above-mentioned problems, and provides a grapefruit early-fruiting and quality-improving cultivation method, which can breed disease-free and nutrition cup large seedlings, and bear fruits in the second year after planting.

[0005] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present application provides a grapefruit early-fruiting and quality-improving cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Disease-free and nutrition cup large seedling breeding:

[0008] 1.1) Select a soft plastic nutrition cup with air and water permeable holes on the inner side wall and the bottom wall;

[0009] 1.2) Put the nutrition cup in step 1.1) into a nursery planting trench, and backfill nursery soil to fix the nutrition cup;

[0010] 1.3) Add nutrient soil to the nutrition cup in step 1.2) to obtain a nutrition cup filled with nutrient soil; the nutrient soil comprises, by weight: 40-45 parts of peat soil, 20-25 parts of expanded vermiculite, 10-15 parts of rice hull ash, 7-10 parts of willow bark, 7-10 parts of melia azedarach root, and 5-7 parts of melia azedarach bark;

[0011] 1.4) Take a disease-free and mechanically undamaged grapefruit grafted seedling, and plant it into the nutrition cup filled with nutrient soil, and pour water thoroughly;

[0012] 1.5) After planting the grapefruit grafted seedling, apply a first-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafted seedling in step 1.4) once a week for 2 months; then apply a second-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafted seedling once a week for 2 months; finally, apply a third-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafted seedling once a week until the grapefruit grafted seedling is transplanted, to obtain a disease-free and nutrition cup grapefruit large seedling;

[0013] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: 14-16 parts of potassium fulvate, 18-20 parts of borax, 20-25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.5-0.8 parts of shaping agent, 1-2 parts of coumarin, and 1000 parts of water;

[0014] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: 14-16 parts of potassium fulvate, 18-20 parts of borax, 20-25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.5-0.8 parts of shaping agent, 1-2 parts of coumarin, and 1000 parts of water;

[0015] The first-order root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction, potassium fulvic acid 14-16 parts, borax 18-20 parts, ammonium sulfate 20-25 parts, shaping element 2.5-2.8 parts, coumarin 1-2 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0016] (2) Nutrient cup large seedling planting: the disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit large seedling obtained in step 1.5) is planted in a grapefruit plantation, and the planting density is 32-35 plants per mu;

[0017] (3) Shaping pruning: diseased and dead branches and excessive branches are pruned, 3-4 main branches are reserved, and 2-3 secondary main branches are uniformly arranged on each main branch;

[0018] (4) Fertilizer and water management:

[0019] 4.1) Spring bud germination period: root application of seaweed fertilizer 1.5-1.8 kg / plant, and spraying of 700-900 times liquid of amino acid foliar fertilizer;

[0020] 4.2) Presenting bud period: root application of mixed fertilizer 2.0-2.5 kg / plant, and sweetening and quality improving fertilizer 0.3-0.5 kg / plant, and covering with straw;

[0021] The mixed fertilizer comprises, by weight fraction, potassium fertilizer 20-25 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 10-15 parts, calcium fertilizer 2-4 parts, and boron fertilizer 0.4-0.6 parts;

[0022] The preparation method of the sweetening and quality improving fertilizer is as follows: 1) weighing silkworm excrement 50-55 parts by weight, shell powder 30-35 parts by weight, vermiculite powder 10-15 parts by weight, earthworm manure 10-15 parts by weight, wood vinegar 8-10 parts by weight, and water 20-25 parts by weight; 2) mixing the obtained components uniformly, and stirring and fermenting for 20-25 hours to obtain a mixed fermentation liquor; 3) adjusting the pH of the mixed fermentation liquor to 5.6-5.8, adding pomace 20-25 parts by weight and pectin lyase 0.4-0.6 parts by weight, and mixing and fermenting for 20-25 hours, and drying to obtain the sweetening and quality improving fertilizer;

[0023] 4.3) Water management: watering in time when drought, and draining in time when waterlogging, and keeping the relative water content of the soil at 60-80%;

[0024] (5) Bagging management:

[0025] 5.1) Pre-bagging treatment: 3-5 days before bagging, spraying of fruit-promoting nutrient solution; the fruit-promoting nutrient solution is 700-900 times liquid of amino acid foliar fertilizer added with 3-5 g / L copper sulfate and 10-15 g / L magnesium sulfate;

[0026] 5.2) 110-120 days after flowering, the grapefruit is bagged with an outer red and inner black breathable paper bag.

[0027] Further, the size of the nutrition cup in step 1.1) is: the bottom diameter is 34-36 cm, and the mouth diameter is 26-28 cm.

[0028] Further, the nutrition soil includes, by weight: peat soil 42-45 parts, expanded vermiculite 22-25 parts, rice husk ash 12-15 parts, willow bark 8-10 parts, Melia azedarach root 8-10 parts, and Melia azedarach bark 6-7 parts.

[0029] Further, the height of the grape seedling in step 1.4) is 15-25 cm.

[0030] Further, the first-stage root-promoting solution in step 1.5) includes, by weight: potassium fulvate 15-16 parts, borax 19-20 parts, ammonium sulfate 22-25 parts, shaping agent 0.6-0.8 parts, coumarin 1.5-2 parts, and water 1000 parts.

[0031] The first-stage root-promoting solution includes, by weight: potassium fulvate 15-16 parts, borax 19-20 parts, ammonium sulfate 22-25 parts, shaping agent 1.2-1.5 parts, coumarin 1.5-2 parts, and water 1000 parts.

[0032] The first-stage root-promoting solution includes, by weight: potassium fulvate 15-16 parts, borax 19-20 parts, ammonium sulfate 22-25 parts, shaping agent 2.6-2.8 parts, coumarin 1.5-2 parts, and water 1000 parts.

[0033] Further, in step 4.1), at the spring bud sprouting stage, seaweed fertilizer is applied to the roots at 1.6-1.8 kg per plant, and an amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed at 800-900 times the liquid.

[0034] Further, in step 4.2), at the present bud stage, humic acid fertilizer is applied to the roots at 0.3-0.5 kg per plant.

[0035] Further, the mixed fertilizer includes, by weight: potassium fertilizer 22-25 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 12-15 parts, calcium fertilizer 3-4 parts, and boron fertilizer 0.5-0.6 parts.

[0036] Further, the preparation method of the sweetening and quality-improving fertilizer is: 1) weighing silkworm excrement 52-55 parts by weight, shell powder 33-35 parts by weight, vermiculite powder 12-15 parts by weight, earthworm manure 12-15 parts by weight, wood vinegar 9-10 parts by weight, and water 22-25 parts by weight; 2) mixing the weighed components uniformly, and then stirring and fermenting for 22-25 h to obtain a mixed fermentation liquor; 3) adjusting the pH of the mixed fermentation liquor to 5.7-5.8, adding pomace 22-25 parts by weight and pectin lyase 0.5-0.6 parts by weight, and then mixing and fermenting for 22-25 h, and then drying to obtain the sweetening and quality-improving fertilizer.

[0037] Further, the fruit promoting nutrient solution in step 5.1) is additionally added with 4-6 g / L calcium chloride.

[0038] The grapefruit early-fruiting quality-improving cultivation method adopts disease-free nutrient cup large seedling breeding, and the grapefruit can bear fruit in the second year after planting; specifically, the composition ratio of the nutrient soil in the nutrient cup is optimized, the root growth is promoted, and the occurrence of root diseases is prevented; the composition ratio of the root promoting solution used in each stage of the grapefruit grafted seedling nutrient cup large seedling breeding is optimized, the content of the shaping agent and the coumarin in the root promoting solution is gradually increased, the root malformation caused by excessive use of hormones can be avoided, the shaping agent and the coumarin cooperate with each other, the shaping agent and the coumarin can be transported to the roots at the same time, the purpose of greatly improving the growth of the grapefruit grafted seedling roots is achieved, after transplanting, the grapefruit grows better, and the number of fruits in the first year is increased from about 9 per plant to about 12 per plant; through film mulching, optimized bagging, and optimized watering and fertilization scheme, the soluble solid content of the grapefruit is greatly improved, the influence of rain on the soluble solid content of the grapefruit is effectively reduced, the soluble solid content of the grapefruit is kept stable, the sugar content of the grapefruit is greatly improved, and the purpose of early-fruiting quality-improving of the grapefruit is achieved.

[0039] The grapefruit early-fruiting quality-improving cultivation method applies humic acid fertilizer at the present budding stage, stimulates the growth of the grapefruit, improves the color of the grapefruit peel, makes the color of the grapefruit peel more uniform and brighter, and the fruit promoting nutrient solution in step 5.1) is additionally added with appropriate calcium chloride, so that the incidence of grapefruit white spot disease can be effectively reduced.

[0040] Drawings

[0041] Figure 1 Picture of the stock (acid pummelo) used for the grafted seedling in the embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 2 Picture of the grafted seedling used in the embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 3 Picture of the nutrient cup grapefruit large seedling bred in the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0044] Figure 4 Picture of the nutrient cup grapefruit large seedling bred in the embodiment 2 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] Any feature in the present specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) can be claimed alone or in combination with other features. Unless otherwise indicated, each of the features can be an example of one or more of the same features.

[0046] The application discloses a grapefruit early-fruiting quality-improving cultivation method.

[0047] The application discloses a grapefruit early-fruiting quality-improving cultivation method.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] The application discloses a grapefruit early-fruiting quality-improving cultivation method, which comprises the following steps.

[0050] (1) disease-free nutrient cup seedling cultivation

[0051] 1.1) selecting a soft plastic nutrient cup with air-permeable and water-permeable holes formed in the inner wall and the bottom wall; the size of the nutrient cup is as follows: the bottom diameter is 34 cm, the mouth diameter is 26 cm, and the shape is large at the bottom and small at the top; 4-6 holes are formed in the bottom wall, and 8-12 holes are formed in the side wall;

[0052] 1.2) placing the nutrient cup in the step 1.1) into a planting ditch of a nursery, and backfilling nursery soil to fix the nutrient cup; the size of the planting ditch is slightly larger than that of the nutrient cup;

[0053] 1.3) adding nutrient soil into the nutrient cup in the step 1.2) to obtain a nutrient cup filled with the nutrient soil; the nutrient soil comprises, in terms of weight parts, 40 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of expanded vermiculite, 10 parts of rice husk ash, 7 parts of willow bark, 7 parts of melia azedarach root and 5 parts of melia azedarach bark;

[0054] 1.4) taking grapefruit grafted seedlings with a height of 15-25 cm, free of diseases and mechanical damage, and planting the grafted seedlings into the nutrient cup filled with the nutrient soil, and pouring water; the nutrient soil is first placed into the nutrient cup, and then the grafted seedlings are planted into the nutrient cup, and then the nutrient soil is filled into the nutrient cup; the grapefruit grafted seedlings are grafted on an acid grapefruit rootstock and a Gui grapefruit No. 1 scion;

[0055] 1.5) after the grapefruit grafted seedlings are planted, a first-stage root-promoting liquid is applied to the root of the grapefruit grafted seedlings in the step 1.4) once a week, and the application lasts for 2 months; then, a second-stage root-promoting liquid is applied to the root of the grapefruit grafted seedlings once a week, and the application lasts for 2 months; finally, a third-stage root-promoting liquid is applied to the root of the grapefruit grafted seedlings once a week until the grapefruit grafted seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery, and disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedlings are obtained; the grapefruit grafted seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery after being cultured in the nutrient cup for more than 6 months;

[0056] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, in terms of weight parts, 14 parts of potassium fulvate, 18 parts of borax, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.5 parts of shaping agent, 1 part of coumarin and 1000 parts of water;

[0057] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction, potassium fulvic acid 14 parts, borax 18 parts, ammonium sulfate 20 parts, shaping agent 1 part, coumarin 1 part, and water 1000 parts;

[0058] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction, potassium fulvic acid 14 parts, borax 18 parts, ammonium sulfate 20 parts, shaping agent 2.5 parts, coumarin 1 part, and water 1000 parts;

[0059] (2) Nutrient cup large seedling planting: the disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit large seedling obtained in step 1.5) is planted in a grapefruit plantation, and the planting density is 32 plants per mu;

[0060] (3) Shaping pruning: diseased and insect branches, dead branches and excess branches are pruned, 3-4 main branches are reserved, and 2-3 secondary main branches are uniformly arranged on each main branch;

[0061] (4) Fertilizer and water management:

[0062] 4.1) Spring bud germination period: seaweed fertilizer 1.5 kg / plant is applied to roots, and amino acid foliar fertilizer 700 times liquid is sprayed;

[0063] 4.2) Presenting bud period: mixed fertilizer 2.0 kg / plant, sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer 0.3 kg / plant, and humic acid fertilizer 0.3 kg / plant are applied to roots, and are covered with ground cloth;

[0064] The mixed fertilizer comprises, by weight fraction, potassium fertilizer 20 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 10 parts, calcium fertilizer 2 parts, and boron fertilizer 0.4 parts;

[0065] The preparation method of the sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer is as follows: 1) silkworm excrement 50 parts by weight, shell powder 30 parts by weight, vermiculite powder 10 parts by weight, earthworm manure 10 parts by weight, wood vinegar 8 parts by weight, and water 20 parts by weight are weighed; 2) the weighed components are uniformly mixed, and then stirred and fermented for 20 h to obtain a mixed fermentation liquor; 3) the pH of the mixed fermentation liquor is adjusted to 5.6, and pomace 20 parts by weight and pectin lyase 0.4 parts by weight are added, and then mixed and fermented for 20 h, and then dried to obtain the sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer;

[0066] 4.3) Water management: water is timely poured in drought, and water is timely drained in waterlogging, and the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 60-80%;

[0067] (5) Bagging management:

[0068] 5.1) Pre-bagging treatment: 3 days before bagging, fruit-promoting nutrient solution is sprayed; the fruit-promoting nutrient solution is amino acid foliar fertilizer 700 times liquid to which 3 g / L copper sulfate, 10 g / L magnesium sulfate and 4 g / L calcium chloride are added;

[0069] 5.2) 110 days after flowering, the grapefruit is bagged with an outer red and inner black breathable paper bag, and the paper bag can be removed half a month before picking; after the first year of fruiting, the above steps (3)-(5) can be repeated.

[0070] The cultivation method of early grapefruit cultivation and the determination results of the content of each component of grapefruit fruit are shown in the following table.

[0071]

[0072] Example 2

[0073] A cultivation method of early grapefruit cultivation, comprising the following steps:

[0074] (1) Disease-free nutrient cup seedling breeding:

[0075] 1.1) Select a soft plastic nutrient cup with breathable and water-permeable holes on the inner wall and bottom wall; the size of the nutrient cup is: the bottom diameter is 36 cm, the mouth diameter is 28 cm, and the shape is large at the bottom and small at the top; the bottom wall has 4-6 holes, and the side wall has 8-12 holes;

[0076] 1.2) Put the nutrient cup in step 1.1) into the planting ditch of the nursery, backfill the nursery soil to fix the nutrient cup; the size of the planting ditch is slightly larger than that of the nutrient cup;

[0077] 1.3) Add nutrient soil to the nutrient cup in step 1.2) to obtain a nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil; the nutrient soil comprises, by weight: peat soil 45 parts, expanded vermiculite 25 parts, rice hull ash 15 parts, willow bark 10 parts, Chinese mahogany root 10 parts, and Chinese mahogany bark 7 parts;

[0078] 1.4) Take grapefruit grafting seedlings with a height of 15-25 cm, no disease, and no mechanical damage, and plant them into the nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil, and pour water thoroughly; first put nutrient soil into the nutrient cup, then plant the grafting seedlings, and then fill the nutrient cup with nutrient soil; the grapefruit grafting seedlings use sour pummelo as the rootstock and Gui grapefruit No. 1 as the scion;

[0079] 1.5) After planting the grapefruit grafting seedlings, a first-stage root-promoting liquid is applied to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings in step 1.4) once a week for 2 months; then a second-stage root-promoting liquid is applied to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings once a week for 2 months; finally, a third-stage root-promoting liquid is applied to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings once a week until the grapefruit grafting seedlings are removed from the nursery, and disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedlings are obtained; the grapefruit grafting seedlings can be removed from the nursery after being cultured in the nutrient cup for more than 6 months;

[0080] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: potassium fulvic acid 16 parts, borax 20 parts, ammonium sulfate 25 parts, shaping agent 0.8 parts, coumarin 2 parts, and water 1000 parts.

[0081] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fulvic acid 16 parts, borax 20 parts, ammonium sulfate 25 parts, shaping agent 1.5 parts, coumarin 2 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0082] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fulvic acid 16 parts, borax 20 parts, ammonium sulfate 25 parts, shaping agent 2.8 parts, coumarin 2 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0083] (2) Nutrient cup large seedling planting: the disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit large seedling obtained in step 1.5) is planted in a grapefruit plantation, and the planting density is 35 plants per mu;

[0084] (3) Shaping pruning: diseased and insect branches, dead branches and excess branches are pruned, 3-4 main branches are reserved, and 2-3 secondary main branches are uniformly arranged on each main branch;

[0085] (4) Fertilizer and water management:

[0086] 4.1) Spring bud germination period: seaweed fertilizer is applied to roots at 1.8 kg / plant, and amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed at 900 times liquid;

[0087] 4.2) Presenting bud period: mixed fertilizer 2.5 kg / plant, sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer 0.5 kg / plant, and humic acid fertilizer 0.5 kg / plant are applied to roots, and are covered with ground cloth;

[0088] The mixed fertilizer comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fertilizer 25 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 15 parts, calcium fertilizer 4 parts, and boron fertilizer 0.6 parts;

[0089] The preparation method of the sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer is: 1) silkworm excrement 55 parts by weight, shell powder 35 parts by weight, vermiculite powder 15 parts by weight, earthworm manure 15 parts by weight, wood vinegar 10 parts by weight, and water 25 parts by weight are weighed; 2) the weighed components are uniformly mixed, and then stirred and fermented for 25 h to obtain a mixed fermentation liquor; 3) the pH of the mixed fermentation liquor is adjusted to 5.8, and pomace 25 parts by weight and pectin lyase 0.6 parts by weight are added, and then mixed and fermented for 25 h, and then dried to obtain the sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer;

[0090] 4.3) Water management: water is timely poured in drought, and water is timely drained in waterlogging, and the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 60-80%;

[0091] (5) Bagging management:

[0092] 5.1) Pre-bagging treatment: 5 days before bagging, fruit-promoting nutrient solution is sprayed; the fruit-promoting nutrient solution is amino acid foliar fertilizer 900 times liquid to which 5 g / L copper sulfate, 15 g / L magnesium sulfate and 6 g / L calcium chloride are added;

[0093] 5.2) 120 days after flowering, the grapefruit is bagged with an outer red and inner black breathable paper bag, and the paper bag can be removed half a month before picking; after the first year of fruiting, the above steps (3)-(5) can be repeated.

[0094] The cultivation method of early-ripening and quality-improving grapefruit and the determination results of the contents of various components of grapefruit fruit are shown in the following table.

[0095]

[0096] Example 3

[0097] A cultivation method of early-ripening and quality-improving grapefruit, comprising the following steps:

[0098] (1) Disease-free nutrient cup seedling breeding:

[0099] 1.1) Select a soft plastic nutrient cup with breathable and water-permeable holes on the inner wall and the bottom wall; the size of the nutrient cup is: the bottom diameter is 34 cm, the mouth diameter is 26 cm, and the shape is large at the bottom and small at the top; 4-6 holes are opened on the bottom wall, and 8-12 holes are opened on the side wall;

[0100] 1.2) Put the nutrient cup in step 1.1) into a planting ditch in the nursery, backfill the nursery soil to fix the nutrient cup; the size of the planting ditch is slightly larger than that of the nutrient cup;

[0101] 1.3) Add nutrient soil to the nutrient cup in step 1.2) to obtain a nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil; the nutrient soil comprises, by weight: peat soil 42 parts, expanded vermiculite 22 parts, rice hull ash 12 parts, willow bark 8 parts, Chinese mahogany root 8 parts, and Chinese mahogany bark 6 parts;

[0102] 1.4) Take grapefruit grafting seedlings with a height of 15-25 cm, no disease, and no mechanical damage, and plant them into the nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil, and pour water thoroughly; first put nutrient soil into the nutrient cup, then plant the grafting seedlings, and then fill the nutrient cup with nutrient soil; the grapefruit grafting seedlings use sour pummelo as the rootstock and Gui grapefruit No. 1 as the scion;

[0103] 1.5) After planting the grapefruit grafting seedlings, apply first-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings in step 1.4) once a week for 2 months; then apply second-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings once a week for 2 months; finally, apply third-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings once a week until the grapefruit grafting seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery, and obtain disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedlings; the grapefruit grafting seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery after being cultured in the nutrient cup for more than 6 months;

[0104] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 0.6 part, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts.

[0105] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 1.2 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0106] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 2.6 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0107] (2) Nutrient cup large seedling planting: the disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit large seedling obtained in step 1.5) is planted in a grapefruit plantation, and the planting density is 35 plants per mu;

[0108] (3) Shaping pruning: diseased and insect branches, dead branches and excess branches are pruned, 3-4 main branches are reserved, and 2-3 secondary main branches are uniformly arranged on each main branch;

[0109] (4) Fertilizer and water management:

[0110] 4.1) Spring bud germination period: seaweed fertilizer 1.6 kg / plant is applied to roots, and amino acid foliar fertilizer 800 times liquid is sprayed;

[0111] 4.2) Presenting bud period: mixed fertilizer 2.2 kg / plant, sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer 0.4 kg / plant, and humic acid fertilizer 0.4 kg / plant are applied to roots, and are covered with ground cloth;

[0112] The mixed fertilizer comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fertilizer 22 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 12 parts, calcium fertilizer 3 parts, and boron fertilizer 0.5 part;

[0113] The preparation method of the sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer is: 1) 52 parts of silkworm excrement by weight, 33 parts of shell powder by weight, 12 parts of vermiculite powder by weight, 12 parts of earthworm manure by weight, 9 parts of wood vinegar by weight, and 22 parts of water by weight are weighed; 2) the weighed components are uniformly mixed, and then stirred and fermented for 22 hours to obtain a mixed fermentation liquid; 3) the pH of the mixed fermentation liquid is adjusted to 5.7, and then 22 parts of pomace by weight and 0.5 parts of pectin lyase by weight are added, and the mixture is fermented for 22 hours, and then dried to obtain the sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer;

[0114] 4.3) Water management: water is timely poured in drought, and water is timely drained in waterlogging, and the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 60-80%;

[0115] (5) Bagging management:

[0116] 5.1) Pre-bagging treatment: 4 days before bagging, fruit-promoting nutrient liquid is sprayed; the fruit-promoting nutrient liquid is amino acid foliar fertilizer 800 times liquid to which 4 g / L of copper sulfate, 12 g / L of magnesium sulfate, and 5 g / L of calcium chloride are added;

[0117] 5.2) 115 days after flowering, the grapefruit is bagged with an outer red and inner black breathable paper bag, and the paper bag is removed half a month before picking; after the first year of fruiting, the above steps (3)-(5) are repeated.

[0118] The cultivation method of early-ripening and high-quality grapefruit and the determination results of the contents of various components of grapefruit fruit are shown in the following table.

[0119]

[0120] Example 4

[0121] A cultivation method of early-ripening and high-quality grapefruit, comprising the following steps:

[0122] (1) Disease-free nutrient cup seedling cultivation:

[0123] 1.1) Select a soft plastic nutrient cup with breathable and water-permeable holes on the inner wall and bottom wall; the size of the nutrient cup is: the bottom diameter is 34 cm, the mouth diameter is 26 cm, and the shape is large at the bottom and small at the top; 4-6 holes are opened on the bottom wall and 8-12 holes are opened on the side wall;

[0124] 1.2) Put the nutrient cup in step 1.1) into a planting ditch in the nursery, backfill the nursery soil to fix the nutrient cup; the size of the planting ditch is slightly larger than that of the nutrient cup;

[0125] 1.3) Add nutrient soil to the nutrient cup in step 1.2) to obtain a nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil; the nutrient soil comprises, by weight: peat soil 42 parts, expanded vermiculite 22 parts, rice hull ash 12 parts, willow bark 8 parts, Chinese mahogany root 8 parts, and Chinese mahogany bark 6 parts;

[0126] 1.4) Take grapefruit grafting seedlings with a height of 15-25 cm, no disease, and no mechanical damage, and plant them into the nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil, and pour water thoroughly; first put nutrient soil into the nutrient cup, then plant the grafting seedlings, and then fill the nutrient cup with nutrient soil; the grapefruit grafting seedlings use sour pummelo as the rootstock and Gui grapefruit No. 1 as the scion;

[0127] 1.5) After planting the grapefruit grafting seedlings, apply first-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings in step 1.4) once a week for 2 months; then apply second-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings once a week for 2 months; finally, apply third-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings once a week until the grapefruit grafting seedlings are removed from the nursery, and obtain disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedlings; the grapefruit grafting seedlings can be removed from the nursery after being cultured in the nutrient cup for more than 6 months;

[0128] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: potassium fulvate 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 0.6 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts.

[0129] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 1.2 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0130] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 2.6 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0131] (2) Nutrient cup large seedling planting: the disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit large seedling obtained in step 1.5) is planted in a grapefruit plantation, and the planting density is 35 plants per mu;

[0132] (3) Shaping pruning: diseased and dead branches and excessive branches are pruned, 3-4 main branches are reserved, and 2-3 secondary main branches are uniformly arranged on each main branch;

[0133] (4) Fertilizer and water management:

[0134] 4.1) Spring bud germination period: seaweed fertilizer 1.6 kg / plant is applied to roots, and amino acid foliar fertilizer 800 times liquid is sprayed;

[0135] 4.2) Presenting bud period: mixed fertilizer 2.2 kg / plant and sweet-keeping quality-improving fertilizer 0.4 kg / plant are applied to roots, and are covered with earth;

[0136] The mixed fertilizer comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fertilizer 22 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 12 parts, calcium fertilizer 3 parts, and boron fertilizer 0.5 part;

[0137] The preparation method of the sweet-keeping quality-improving fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) 52 parts of silkworm excrement by weight, 33 parts of shell powder by weight, 12 parts of vermiculite powder by weight, 12 parts of earthworm manure by weight, 9 parts of wood vinegar by weight, and 22 parts of water by weight are weighed; 2) the weighed components are uniformly mixed, and then stirred and fermented for 22 hours to obtain a mixed fermentation liquid; 3) the pH of the mixed fermentation liquid is adjusted to 5.7, 22 parts of pomace by weight and 0.5 parts of pectin lyase by weight are added, and the mixture is fermented for 22 hours, and then dried to obtain the sweet-keeping quality-improving fertilizer;

[0138] 4.3) Water management: water is timely poured in drought, and water is timely drained in waterlogging, and the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 60-80%;

[0139] (5) Bagging management:

[0140] 5.1) Pre-bagging treatment: 4 days before bagging, fruit-promoting nutrient liquid is sprayed; the fruit-promoting nutrient liquid is amino acid foliar fertilizer 800 times liquid to which 4 g / L of copper sulfate, 12 g / L of magnesium sulfate, and 5 g / L of calcium chloride are added;

[0141] 5.2) 115 days after flowering, the grapefruit is bagged with an outer red and inner black breathable paper bag, and the paper bag can be removed half a month before picking; after the first year of fruiting, the above steps (3)-(5) are repeated.

[0142] The cultivation method of early-ripening and high-quality grapefruit and the determination results of the contents of various components of grapefruit fruit are shown in the following table.

[0143]

[0144] Example 5

[0145] A cultivation method of early-ripening and high-quality grapefruit, comprising the following steps:

[0146] (1) Disease-free nutrient cup seedling breeding:

[0147] 1.1) Select a soft plastic nutrient cup with breathable and water-permeable holes on the inner wall and bottom wall; the size of the nutrient cup is: the bottom diameter is 34 cm, the mouth diameter is 26 cm, and the shape is large at the bottom and small at the top; 4-6 holes are opened on the bottom wall, and 8-12 holes are opened on the side wall;

[0148] 1.2) Put the nutrient cup in step 1.1) into the planting ditch of the nursery, backfill the nursery soil to fix the nutrient cup; the size of the planting ditch is slightly larger than that of the nutrient cup;

[0149] 1.3) Add nutrient soil to the nutrient cup in step 1.2) to obtain a nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil; the nutrient soil comprises, by weight: peat soil 42 parts, expanded vermiculite 22 parts, rice hull ash 12 parts, willow bark 8 parts, Chinese mahogany root 8 parts, and Chinese mahogany bark 6 parts;

[0150] 1.4) Take grapefruit grafting seedlings with a height of 15-25 cm, no disease, and no mechanical damage, and plant them into the nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil, and pour water thoroughly; first put nutrient soil into the nutrient cup, then plant the grafting seedlings, and then fill the nutrient cup with nutrient soil; the grapefruit grafting seedlings use sour pummelo as the rootstock and Gui grapefruit No. 1 as the scion;

[0151] 1.5) After planting the grapefruit grafting seedlings, a first-stage root-promoting liquid is applied to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings in step 1.4) once a week for 2 months; then a second-stage root-promoting liquid is applied to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings once a week for 2 months; finally, a third-stage root-promoting liquid is applied to the root of the grapefruit grafting seedlings once a week until the grapefruit grafting seedlings are transplanted, and a disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedling is obtained; the grapefruit grafting seedlings can be transplanted after being cultured in the nutrient cup for more than 6 months;

[0152] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 0.6 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts.

[0153] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 1.2 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0154] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 2.6 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0155] (2) Planting of the large seedlings in the nutrient cups: the disease-free large seedlings in the nutrient cups obtained in step 1.5) are planted in a grapefruit plantation, and the planting density is 35 plants per mu;

[0156] (3) Shaping and pruning: diseased and dead branches and excessive branches are pruned, 3-4 main branches are reserved, and 2-3 secondary main branches are uniformly arranged on each main branch;

[0157] (4) Fertilization and water management:

[0158] 4.1) At the spring bud sprouting stage: seaweed fertilizer is applied to the roots at 1.6 kg per plant, and an amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed at 800 times the liquid;

[0159] 4.2) At the present bud stage: a mixed fertilizer is applied to the roots at 2.2 kg per plant, a sweetening and quality improving fertilizer is applied to the roots at 0.4 kg per plant, a humic acid fertilizer is applied to the roots at 0.4 kg per plant, and the soil is covered with a cloth;

[0160] The mixed fertilizer comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fertilizer 22 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 12 parts, calcium fertilizer 3 parts, and boron fertilizer 0.5 parts;

[0161] The preparation method of the sweetening and quality improving fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) 52 parts of silkworm excrement by weight, 33 parts of shell powder by weight, 12 parts of vermiculite powder by weight, 12 parts of earthworm manure by weight, 9 parts of wood vinegar by weight, and 22 parts of water by weight are weighed; 2) the weighed components are uniformly mixed, and then stirred and fermented for 22 hours to obtain a mixed fermentation liquid; and 3) the pH of the mixed fermentation liquid is adjusted to 5.7, 22 parts of pomace by weight and 0.5 parts of pectin lyase by weight are added, and then mixed and fermented for 22 hours, and then dried to obtain the sweetening and quality improving fertilizer;

[0162] 4.3) Water management: water is timely supplied in drought and timely drained in waterlogging, and the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 60-80%;

[0163] (5) Bagging management:

[0164] 5.1) Pre-bagging treatment: 4 days before bagging, a fruit-promoting nutrient solution is sprayed; the fruit-promoting nutrient solution is an amino acid foliar fertilizer at 800 times the liquid to which 4 g / L of copper sulfate and 12 g / L of magnesium sulfate are added;

[0165] 5.2) 115 days after flowering, the grapefruit is bagged with an outer red and inner black breathable paper bag, and the paper bag can be removed half a month before picking; after the first year of fruiting, the above steps (3)-(5) can be repeated.

[0166] The cultivation method of early grapefruit cultivation and the determination results of the content of each component of grapefruit fruit are shown in the following table.

[0167]

[0168] Comparative Example 1

[0169] A cultivation method for early grapefruit cultivation and quality improvement, comprising the following steps:

[0170] (1) Disease-free nutrient cup seedling breeding:

[0171] 1.1) Select a soft plastic nutrient cup with breathable and water-permeable holes on the inner wall and bottom wall; the size of the nutrient cup is: the bottom diameter is 34 cm, the mouth diameter is 26 cm, and the shape is large at the bottom and small at the top; the bottom wall has 4-6 holes, and the side wall has 8-12 holes;

[0172] 1.2) Put the nutrient cup in step 1.1) into the planting ditch of the nursery, backfill the nursery soil to fix the nutrient cup; the size of the planting ditch is slightly larger than that of the nutrient cup;

[0173] 1.3) Add nutrient soil to the nutrient cup in step 1.2) to obtain a nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil; the nutrient soil comprises, by weight: peat soil 42 parts, expanded vermiculite 22 parts, and rice hull ash 12 parts;

[0174] 1.4) Take grapefruit grafted seedlings with a height of 15-25 cm, no disease, and no mechanical damage, and plant them into the nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil, and pour water thoroughly; first put nutrient soil into the nutrient cup, then plant the grafted seedlings, and then fill the nutrient cup with nutrient soil; the grapefruit grafted seedlings use sour pears as rootstocks and Gui grapefruit No. 1 as scions;

[0175] 1.5) After planting the grapefruit grafted seedlings, apply first-stage root-promoting liquid to the roots of the grapefruit grafted seedlings in step 1.4) once a week for 2 months; then apply second-stage root-promoting liquid to the roots of the grapefruit grafted seedlings once a week for 2 months; finally, apply third-stage root-promoting liquid to the roots of the grapefruit grafted seedlings once a week until the grapefruit grafted seedlings are transplanted, and obtain disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedlings; the grapefruit grafted seedlings can be transplanted after being cultured in the nutrient cup for more than 6 months;

[0176] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 0.6 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0177] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping element 1.2 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0178] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fulvic acid 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping element 2.6 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0179] (2) Nutrient cup large seedling planting: the disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit large seedling obtained in step 1.5) is planted in a grapefruit plantation, and the planting density is 35 plants per mu;

[0180] (3) Shaping pruning: diseased and insect branches, dead branches and excess branches are pruned, 3-4 main branches are reserved, and 2-3 secondary main branches are uniformly arranged on each main branch;

[0181] (4) Fertilizer and water management:

[0182] 4.1) Spring bud germination period: seaweed fertilizer 1.6 kg / plant is applied to roots, and amino acid foliar fertilizer 800 times liquid is sprayed;

[0183] 4.2) Presenting bud period: mixed fertilizer 2.2 kg / plant, sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer 0.4 kg / plant, and humic acid fertilizer 0.4 kg / plant are applied to roots, and are covered with ground cloth;

[0184] The mixed fertilizer comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fertilizer 22 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 12 parts, calcium fertilizer 3 parts, and boron fertilizer 0.5 part;

[0185] The preparation method of the sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer is as follows: 1) silkworm excrement 52 parts by weight, shell powder 33 parts by weight, vermiculite powder 12 parts by weight, earthworm manure 12 parts by weight, wood vinegar 9 parts by weight, and water 22 parts by weight are weighed; 2) the weighed components are uniformly mixed, and then stirred and fermented for 22 h to obtain a mixed fermentation liquor; 3) the pH of the mixed fermentation liquor is adjusted to 5.7, and pomace 22 parts by weight and pectin lyase 0.5 parts by weight are added, and then mixed and fermented for 22 h, and then dried to obtain the sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer;

[0186] 4.3) Water management: water is timely poured in drought, and water is timely drained in waterlogging, and the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 60-80%;

[0187] (5) Bagging management:

[0188] 5.1) Pre-bagging treatment: 4 days before bagging, fruit-promoting nutrient solution is sprayed; the fruit-promoting nutrient solution is amino acid foliar fertilizer 800 times liquid to which 4 g / L copper sulfate, 12 g / L magnesium sulfate and 5 g / L calcium chloride are added;

[0189] 5.2) 115 days after flowering, the grapefruit is bagged with an outer red and inner black breathable paper bag, and the paper bag is removed half a month before picking; after the first year of fruiting, the above steps (3)-(5) are repeated.

[0190] Comparative Example 2

[0191] A grapefruit early maturation and quality improvement cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0192] (1) Disease-free nutrient cup seedling breeding:

[0193] 1.1) Select a soft plastic nutrient cup with breathable and water-permeable holes on the inner side wall and the bottom wall; the size of the nutrient cup is: the bottom diameter is 34 cm, the mouth diameter is 26 cm, and the shape is large at the bottom and small at the top; 4-6 holes are opened on the bottom wall, and 8-12 holes are opened on the side wall;

[0194] 1.2) Put the nutrient cup in step 1.1) into the planting ditch of the nursery, backfill the nursery soil to fix the nutrient cup; the size of the planting ditch is slightly larger than that of the nutrient cup;

[0195] 1.3) Add nutrient soil to the nutrient cup in step 1.2) to obtain a nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil; the nutrient soil comprises, by weight: 42 parts of peat soil, 22 parts of expanded vermiculite, 12 parts of rice hull ash, 8 parts of willow bark, 8 parts of melia azedarach root, and 6 parts of melia azedarach bark;

[0196] 1.4) Take grapefruit grafted seedlings with a height of 15-25 cm, no disease, and no mechanical damage, and plant them into the nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil, and pour water thoroughly; first put nutrient soil into the nutrient cup, then plant the grafted seedlings, and then fill the nutrient cup with nutrient soil; the grapefruit grafted seedlings use Citrus grandis as the rootstock and Gui grapefruit No. 1 as the scion;

[0197] 1.5) After planting the grapefruit grafted seedlings, root-promoting liquid is applied to the root of the grapefruit grafted seedlings in step 1.4) once a week until the grapefruit grafted seedlings are transplanted, and disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedlings are obtained; the grapefruit grafted seedlings can be transplanted after being cultured in the nutrient cup for more than 6 months;

[0198] The root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: 15 parts of potassium fulvate, 19 parts of borax, 22 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.6 parts of shaping agent, and 1000 parts of water;

[0199] (2) Nutrient cup seedling planting: plant the disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedlings obtained in step 1.5) in a grapefruit plantation at a planting density of 35 plants per mu;

[0200] (3) Shaping and pruning: remove diseased branches, dead branches, and excess branches, leave 3-4 main branches, and evenly arrange 2-3 secondary main branches on each main branch;

[0201] (4) Fertilization and water management:

[0202] 4.1) Spring bud germination period: root application of seaweed fertilizer 1.6 kg / plant, and spraying of amino acid foliar fertilizer 800 times liquid;

[0203] 4.2) Presenting bud period: root application of mixed fertilizer 2.2 kg / plant, sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer 0.4 kg / plant, and humic acid fertilizer 0.4 kg / plant, and covering with soil;

[0204] The mixed fertilizer comprises, in parts by weight: potassium fertilizer 22 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 12 parts, calcium fertilizer 3 parts, and boron fertilizer 0.5 part;

[0205] The preparation method of the sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer is as follows: 1) weighing silkworm excrement 52 parts by weight, shell powder 33 parts by weight, vermiculite powder 12 parts by weight, earthworm manure 12 parts by weight, wood vinegar 9 parts by weight, and water 22 parts by weight; 2) mixing the components to obtain a mixed fermentation liquid, and then stirring and fermenting for 22 h; 3) adjusting the pH of the mixed fermentation liquid to 5.7, adding pomace 22 parts by weight and pectin lyase 0.5 parts by weight, and then mixing and fermenting for 22 h, and drying to obtain the sweet-keeping and quality-improving fertilizer;

[0206] 4.3) Water management: timely watering in drought and timely draining in waterlogging, and keeping the relative water content of the soil at 60-80%;

[0207] (5) Bagging management:

[0208] 5.1) Pre-bagging treatment: 4 days before bagging, spraying of fruit-promoting nutrient solution; the fruit-promoting nutrient solution is amino acid foliar fertilizer 800 times liquid added with 4 g / L copper sulfate, 12 g / L magnesium sulfate, and 5 g / L calcium chloride;

[0209] 5.2) 115 days after flowering, bagging of the grapefruit with an outer red and inner black breathable paper bag, and removing the paper bag half a month before picking; after the first year of fruiting, repeating the steps (3)-(5) can be implemented.

[0210] The cultivation method of early and high-quality grapefruit cultivation and the determination results of the contents of various components of grapefruit fruits are shown in the following table.

[0211]

[0212] Comparative Example 3

[0213] A cultivation method of early and high-quality grapefruit, comprising the following steps:

[0214] (1) Disease-free nutrient cup seedling breeding:

[0215] 1.1) Select a soft plastic nutrient cup with breathable and water-permeable holes on the inner side wall and the bottom wall; the size of the nutrient cup is: the bottom diameter is 34 cm, the mouth diameter is 26 cm, and the shape is large at the bottom and small at the top; the bottom wall of the nutrient cup is provided with 4-6 holes, and the side wall is provided with 8-12 holes;

[0216] 1.2) Put the nutrient cup in step 1.1) into the planting ditch of the nursery, backfill the nursery soil to fix the nutrient cup; the size of the planting ditch is slightly larger than that of the nutrient cup;

[0217] 1.3) Add nutrient soil to the nutrient cup in step 1.2) to obtain a nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil; the nutrient soil comprises, by weight: peat soil 42 parts, expanded vermiculite 22 parts, rice husk ash 12 parts, willow bark 8 parts, Chinese mahogany root 8 parts, and Chinese mahogany bark 6 parts;

[0218] 1.4) Take grapefruit grafted seedlings with a height of 15-25 cm, no disease, and no mechanical damage, and plant them into the nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil, and pour water thoroughly; first put nutrient soil into the nutrient cup, then plant the grafted seedlings, and then fill the nutrient cup with nutrient soil; the grapefruit grafted seedlings use sour pears as rootstocks and Gui grapefruit No. 1 as scions;

[0219] 1.5) After planting the grapefruit grafted seedlings, apply a first-stage root-promoting liquid to the roots of the grapefruit grafted seedlings in step 1.4) once a week for 2 months; then apply a second-stage root-promoting liquid to the roots of the grapefruit grafted seedlings once a week for 2 months; finally, apply a third-stage root-promoting liquid to the roots of the grapefruit grafted seedlings once a week until the grapefruit grafted seedlings are transplanted, and obtain disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedlings; the grapefruit grafted seedlings can be transplanted after being cultured in the nutrient cup for more than 6 months;

[0220] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: potassium fulvate 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 0.6 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0221] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: potassium fulvate 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 1.2 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0222] The first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: potassium fulvate 15 parts, borax 19 parts, ammonium sulfate 22 parts, shaping agent 2.6 parts, coumarin 1.5 parts, and water 1000 parts;

[0223] (2) Nutrient cup seedling planting: plant the disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedlings obtained in step 1.5) in a grapefruit plantation at a planting density of 35 plants per mu;

[0224] (3) Pruning: cutting off diseased branches, dead branches and excess branches, leaving 3-4 main branches, and evenly arranging 2-3 sub-main branches on each main branch;

[0225] (4) Fertilizer and water management:

[0226] 4.1) Spring bud germination period: root application of seaweed fertilizer 1.6 kg / plant, and spraying of amino acid foliar fertilizer 800 times liquid;

[0227] 4.2) Presenting bud period: root application of mixed fertilizer 2.2 kg / plant, humic acid fertilizer 0.4 kg / plant, and covering with straw;

[0228] The mixed fertilizer comprises, by weight fraction: potassium fertilizer 22 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 12 parts, calcium fertilizer 3 parts, and boron fertilizer 0.5 parts;

[0229] 4.3) Water management: timely watering in drought and timely draining in waterlogging, and keeping the relative water content of the soil at 60-80%;

[0230] (5) Bagging management:

[0231] 5.1) Pre-bagging treatment: 4 days before bagging, spraying of fruit-promoting nutrient solution; the fruit-promoting nutrient solution is amino acid foliar fertilizer 800 times liquid added with 4 g / L copper sulfate, 12 g / L magnesium sulfate, and 5 g / L calcium chloride;

[0232] 5.2) 115 days after flowering, the grapefruit is bagged with an outer red and inner black breathable paper bag, and the paper bag can be removed half a month before picking; after the first year of fruiting, the steps (3)-(5) are repeated.

[0233] The cultivation method of the grapefruit early-ripening and quality-improving, the cultivation conditions, and the determination results of the contents of various components of the grapefruit fruit are shown in the following table.

[0234]

[0235]

[0236] As can be seen from the root disease conditions of the grapefruit in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1, the root disease occurrence rate of the grapefruit in Examples 1-5 is almost zero, and the root disease occurrence rate of the grapefruit in Comparative Example 1 is increased to about 5%, it can be seen that the method of the present application optimizes the composition and ratio of the nutrient soil in the nutrient cup, and can prevent the occurrence of root diseases.

[0237] In the above-mentioned embodiments 1-5, the weight of the single fruit of Gui Pu You No. 1 increases in a single "S" type dynamic curve of "slow-fast-slow", and the rapid growth period is from 37 to 157 days after flowering; the longitudinal and transverse diameter growth of the fruit is a single peak curve of fast first and then slow, and the growth rate is relatively fast at 67 days after flowering, and then the growth rate slows down, and the longitudinal diameter growth rate is obviously slower than the transverse diameter growth rate; the growth curves of the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the fruit core and the weight of the single fruit are consistent with the rapid growth period; the fruit skin gradually changes from dark green to yellow green, and the fruit flesh changes from dark green to light green and then to light yellow; the fruit matures from 187 to 247 days after flowering, the soluble solids increase from 10.3% to more than 12.2%, the total sugar content increases from 5.4% to more than 6.1%, the reducing sugar content increases from 3.2% to more than 5.1%, the weight of the single fruit increases from 580-600g to more than 620g, the fruit is moderately sweet and sour, the grapefruit skin is uniform and bright in color, and the fruit quality is high.

[0238] The present application is a grapefruit early maturation and quality improvement cultivation method, which adopts disease-free nutrition cup large seedling breeding, and can bear fruit in the second year; the composition and ratio of the root-promoting liquid used in each stage of grapefruit grafted seedling nutrition cup large seedling breeding are optimized, the content of the shaping agent and coumarin in the root-promoting liquid is gradually increased, which can avoid root malformation caused by excessive use of hormones, and the shaping agent and coumarin can be transported to the root system at the same time through mutual cooperation, so as to greatly improve the growth of the root system of the grapefruit grafted seedling; after transplanting, the grapefruit grows better, and the number of fruits in the first year increases from about 9 per plant to about 12 per plant; through film mulching, optimized bagging, optimized watering and fertilization scheme and other methods, the soluble solids content of the grapefruit is greatly improved, and the influence of rain on the soluble solids content of the grapefruit can be effectively reduced, so that the soluble solids content of the grapefruit remains stable, and the sugar content of the grapefruit is greatly improved, so as to achieve the purpose of early maturation and quality improvement of the grapefruit; humic acid fertilizer is applied at the squaring stage to stimulate the growth of the grapefruit and improve the color of the grapefruit skin, so that the grapefruit skin is more uniform and bright in color; the fruit-promoting nutrient solution in step 5.1) further adds a proper amount of calcium chloride, which can effectively reduce the incidence of grapefruit white spot disease.

[0239] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the application is intended to be illustrative only and is not intended to limit the application to the precise forms described. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described to explain the principles of the application and its practical application and to enable others skilled in the art to implement and utilize the application. The scope of the application is intended to be limited only by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for early maturation and quality improvement of grapefruit, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) Disease-free nutrient cup seedling cultivation: 1.1) selecting a soft plastic nutrient cup with air and water permeable holes on the inner wall and the bottom wall; 1.2) placing the nutrient cup in step 1.1) into a nursery planting ditch, and backfilling nursery soil to fix the nutrient cup; 1.3) adding nutrient soil to the nutrient cup in step 1.2) to obtain a nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil; the nutrient soil comprises, by weight: 40-45 parts of peat soil, 20-25 parts of expanded vermiculite, 10-15 parts of rice husk ash, 7-10 parts of willow bark, 7-10 parts of Melia azedarach root, and 5-7 parts of Melia azedarach bark; 1.4) taking a disease-free and mechanically undamaged grapefruit grafted seedling, and planting it into the nutrient cup filled with nutrient soil, and pouring water thoroughly; 1.5) after planting the grapefruit grafted seedling, applying a first-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafted seedling in step 1.4) once a week for 2 months; then applying a second-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafted seedling once a week for 2 months; finally applying a third-stage root-promoting liquid to the root of the grapefruit grafted seedling once a week until the grapefruit grafted seedling is transplanted out of the nursery, to obtain a disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedling; the first-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: 14-16 parts of potassium fulvate, 18-20 parts of borax, 20-25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.5-0.8 parts of shaping agent, 1-2 parts of coumarin, and 1000 parts of water; the second-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: 14-16 parts of potassium fulvate, 18-20 parts of borax, 20-25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-1.5 parts of shaping agent, 1-2 parts of coumarin, and 1000 parts of water; the third-stage root-promoting liquid comprises, by weight: 14-16 parts of potassium fulvate, 18-20 parts of borax, 20-25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2.5-2.8 parts of shaping agent, 1-2 parts of coumarin, and 1000 parts of water; (2) Nutrient cup seedling planting: planting the disease-free nutrient cup grapefruit seedling obtained in step 1.5) in a grapefruit plantation, with a planting density of 32-35 plants per mu; (3) Shaping and pruning: removing diseased branches, dead branches and excess branches, leaving 3-4 main branches, and uniformly arranging 2-3 secondary main branches on each main branch; (4) Fertilization and water management: 4.1) during the spring bud sprouting period: applying 1.5-1.8 kg of seaweed fertilizer per plant, and spraying 700-900 times of amino acid foliar fertilizer; 4.2) during the present budding period: applying 2.0-2.5 kg of mixed fertilizer per plant, 0.3-0.5 kg of sweetening and quality improving fertilizer per plant, and 0.3-0.5 kg of humic acid fertilizer per plant, and covering with a ground cloth; the mixed fertilizer comprises, by weight: 20-25 parts of potassium fertilizer, 10-15 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 2-4 parts of calcium fertilizer, and 0.4-0.6 parts of boron fertilizer; The preparation method of the sweet-keeping quality-improving fertilizer is: 1) taking 50-55 parts by weight of silkworm excrement, 30-35 parts by weight of shell powder, 10-15 parts by weight of vermiculite powder, 10-15 parts by weight of earthworm manure, 8-10 parts by weight of wood vinegar, and 20-25 parts by weight of water; 2) mixing the obtained components uniformly, then stirring and fermenting for 20-25 hours to obtain a mixed fermentation liquor; 3) adjusting the pH of the mixed fermentation liquor to 5.6-5.8, then adding 20-25 parts by weight of pomace and 0.4-0.6 parts by weight of pectin lyase, and mixing and fermenting for 20-25 hours, and then drying to obtain the sweet-keeping quality-improving fertilizer. 4.3) Water management: water in time when drought, and drain in time when waterlogging, and keep the relative water content of the soil at 60-80%; (5) Bag management: 5.1) Pre-treatment before bagging: 3-5 days before bagging, spraying fruit-promoting nutrient solution; the fruit-promoting nutrient solution is an amino acid foliar fertilizer 700-900 times liquid to which 3-5 g / L of copper sulfate, 10-15 g / L of magnesium sulfate and 4-6 g / L of calcium chloride are added; 5.2) 110-120 days after flowering, the grapefruit is bagged with an outer red and inner black breathable paper bag.

2. A method of early and quality cultivation of grapefruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The size of the nutrient cup in step 1.1) is: a bottom diameter of 34-36 cm and a mouth diameter of 26-28 cm.

3. A method of early maturation and quality enhancement of grapefruits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutrient soil comprises, by weight parts: 42-45 parts of peat soil, 22-25 parts of expanded vermiculite, 12-15 parts of rice hull ash, 8-10 parts of willow bark, 8-10 parts of melia azedarach root and 6-7 parts of melia azedarach bark.

4. The method for early and quality cultivation of grapefruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the grapefruit grafted seedling in step 1.4) is 15-25 cm.

5. The method for early and quality cultivation of grapefruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first-stage root-promoting solution comprises, by weight parts: 15-16 parts of potassium fulvate, 19-20 parts of borax, 22-25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.6-0.8 parts of shaping agent, 1.5-2 parts of coumarin and 1000 parts of water; The second-stage root-promoting solution comprises, by weight parts: 15-16 parts of potassium fulvate, 19-20 parts of borax, 22-25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1.2-1.5 parts of shaping agent, 1.5-2 parts of coumarin and 1000 parts of water; The third-stage root-promoting solution comprises, by weight parts: 15-16 parts of potassium fulvate, 19-20 parts of borax, 22-25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2.6-2.8 parts of shaping agent, 1.5-2 parts of coumarin and 1000 parts of water.

6. A method of early maturation and quality enhancement of grapefruits according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4.1), at the spring bud sprouting period, seaweed fertilizer 1.6-1.8 kg / plant is applied to the roots, and amino acid foliar fertilizer 800-900 times liquid is sprayed.

7. A method of early maturation and quality enhancement of grapefruits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixed fertilizer comprises, by weight parts: 22-25 parts of potassium fertilizer, 12-15 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 3-4 parts of calcium fertilizer and 0.5-0.6 parts of boron fertilizer.

8. A method of early maturation and quality enhancement of grapefruits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the sweet-keeping quality-improving fertilizer is as follows: 1) 52-55 parts by weight of silkworm excrement, 33-35 parts by weight of shell powder, 12-15 parts by weight of vermiculite powder, 12-15 parts by weight of earthworm manure, 9-10 parts by weight of wood vinegar and 22-25 parts by weight of water are weighed; 2) the weighed components are uniformly mixed, and then stirred and fermented for 22-25 hours to obtain a mixed fermentation liquor; 3) the pH of the mixed fermentation liquor is adjusted to 5.7-5.8, 22-25 parts by weight of pomace and 0.5-0.6 parts by weight of pectin lyase are added, and then mixed fermentation is carried out for 22-25 hours, and then drying is performed, so that the sweet-keeping quality-improving fertilizer is obtained.

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