Grass-underwater forest-alga-enzyme synergistic deep purification and ecological restoration method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of grass-underwater forest-algae-enzyme synergistic depth purification and ecological restoration method, the method is as follows: step one: in land area abrupt slope and shore planting nine-ploidy sword leaf bamboo, constructs the interception system of non-point source pollution;Step two: modified Yellow River silt material is thrown into water, through modified Yellow River silt material, inhibit pathogenic bacteria, algae spore division, breed;Step three: adding bottom modifier to water;The beneficial effects of the application are: a biological interception and repair system from the source to the process to the end is constructed, nine-ploidy sword leaf bamboo, emergent plants, submerged plants, biological enzymes and microalgae are selected to construct a chain ecological restoration management system covering land and water, which has a wide coverage, a comprehensive effect, and better realizes non-point source pollution interception, land ecological restoration, water pollution control and ecological restoration.The whole-chain biological repair technology has better pollutant removal efficiency, ecological restoration effect and carbon sequestration effect after synergistic action.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration technology, specifically relating to a method for deep purification and ecological restoration through the synergistic action of grass, underwater forest, algae, and enzymes. Background Technology

[0002] The proportion of non-point source pollutants in the total pollutants entering rivers is gradually increasing, and they have become the main source of pollution. The comprehensive management and ecological restoration of rivers with non-point source pollution are receiving increasing attention, and their importance is gradually becoming more prominent.

[0003] Non-point source pollutants mainly come from three sources: agricultural and rural non-point source pollution, stormwater runoff, and dry and wet deposition. Among them, agricultural and rural non-point source pollutants mainly originate from livestock farming, crop farming, and rural domestic sewage. Stormwater runoff pollutants are divided into initial stormwater runoff from areas with stormwater pipe networks and initial runoff from areas without stormwater pipe networks. In addition, there are dry and wet deposition pollutants that directly enter river water bodies. The runoff of non-point source pollutants often occurs with rainfall, and its pollution characteristics are large volume, wide coverage, strong impact, and complex sources. After entering rivers, non-point source pollutants can easily lead to excessive nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water, resulting in eutrophication, increasing the risk of algal blooms, and inducing a series of negative ecological effects.

[0004] A method for treating non-point source pollution using an adsorption and interception mesh system, application number CN201711207972.8, discloses a method for cleaning and leveling the site to ensure that the slope is free of large debris; laying needle-punched non-woven geotextile with a specification of 150g / ㎡ in the same direction, allowing for a certain amount of expansion and contraction to avoid deformation; and installing and fixing the interception cells. The interception cells are honeycomb cells composed of an adsorption mesh and reinforcing fabric. The geotextile is first laid on the slope, and then the interception cells are placed on the geotextile. The interception cells are fixed to the slope by anchor bolts. Finally, the cells of the interception cells are filled with planting substrate and backfilled with aquatic plants.

[0005] A natural water body ecological restoration system with application number CN202123019732.X discloses a soil ecosystem formed by setting up restoration vegetation on wetlands in conjunction with wetland soil. This system can improve the temperature and humidity on the side of the water body, stabilize the slope to prevent soil erosion, and reduce the impact of organic matter. By setting up restoration components in the water body, the water body is divided into bottom, middle and top layers for stratified improvement, and these layers can interact with each other to improve the entire three-dimensional structure of the water body, so as to achieve a balance in the water body ecology.

[0006] Existing ecological restoration methods are relatively singular and cannot achieve synergy between non-point source pollution interception, terrestrial ecological restoration, and water pollution control.

[0007] Existing ecological restoration methods cannot kill algal spores and harmful pathogens on the soil surface; nor can they remove pests and bacteria from the bottom sediment; thus hindering the full utilization of aquatic plants and animals. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for deep purification and ecological restoration through the synergistic action of grass-underwater forest-algae-enzymes, which effectively achieves non-point source pollution interception, terrestrial ecological restoration, and water pollution control and ecological restoration; it disinfects the substrate, killing algal spores and harmful pathogens on the soil surface; it improves the substrate, neutralizing various organic acids in the sediment, changing the acidic environment, and playing a role in pest control and sterilization; it contains macro- and micro-elements required for the growth and development of aquatic plants and animals, which exist in ionic form and can be utilized by aquatic plants and animals.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for synergistic deep purification and ecological restoration of grass-underwater forest-algae-enzymes, the method being as follows:

[0010] Step 1: Plant nonploid sword-leaf reeds on steep slopes and riverbanks to construct a non-point source pollution interception system;

[0011] Step 2: Add modified Yellow River sediment material to the water to inhibit the division and reproduction of pathogens and algal spores.

[0012] Step 3: Add a bottom conditioner to the water to improve the bottom condition;

[0013] Step 4: Add microbial agents to the water to improve the soil micro-ecosystem;

[0014] Step 5: Upstream of the confluence of pollutants from villages / towns in the river, set up an ecological oxidation pond, plant emergent plants in the shallow water area, add microalgae in the deep water area at a density of 200-400 cells / ml, add ecological floating beds, and set up porous ceramic granule ring floating islands on the water surface. Set up flow-generating aerators under the floating islands to create a good environment for biological growth.

[0015] Step Six: Inject compound biological enzymes into both the water and the bottom sediment to remove pollutants;

[0016] Step 7: The water flows through the secondary treatment zone, which is an underwater forest area composed of Potamogeton malaise and Myriophyllum spicatum. Compound biological enzymes are sprayed in both the water and bottom sediment areas.

[0017] Step 8: The treated water flows into the tertiary treatment zone, which is mainly composed of goldfish algae and lotus. The lotus is arranged in patches along the shore, with a density of 6 clumps / m². 2 Ceratophyllum planting density: 200 plants / m² 2Silver carp, snails, and shrimp are introduced into the water, and microalgae are added to the bottom sediment.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the modified Yellow River sediment material is prepared by: heating and boiling Yellow River sediment with sodium tetraborate solution, then condensing and refluxing to obtain new sediment; immersing the new sediment in water glass to obtain modified Yellow River sediment; adding cationic polymer to the modified Yellow River sediment to obtain modified Yellow River sediment material.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the substrate improver is composed of calcium carbonate, rare earth, potassium humate, calcium gluconate and straw substrate.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microbial agent includes Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the microalgae include Chlorella, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the emergent plants include reeds and calamus.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the composite bio-enzyme is prepared as follows: hydrated calcium sulfate, sodium acetate, and glacial acetic acid are dissolved in water to obtain a calcium sulfate buffer solution; malt is soaked in water to obtain malt extract, and agar is added to the malt extract to obtain a malt extract agar medium; glucose, urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, hydrated magnesium sulfate, and yeast extract are added to water and stirred evenly to obtain a yeast enrichment medium; the yeast strain is added to the yeast enrichment medium and cultured to fully activate the strain; the activated strain is then placed in the malt extract agar medium for further culture, centrifuged after culture, and the precipitate is removed, placed in the calcium sulfate buffer solution, shaken evenly, and then centrifuged again to obtain precipitated yeast sludge; the yeast sludge is fermented, and organic acid is added to obtain a mixed solution, which is then filtered.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the ratio of Potamogeton malaise to Myriophyllum spicatum is 2:1; a compound biological enzyme is sprayed in both the water body and the bottom sediment area, with a spraying ratio of water body to bottom sediment of 1:1.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] A biological interception and remediation system was constructed, covering the entire process from source to end. A chain-like ecological restoration and governance system covering both land and water areas was built using nonploid Rehmannia glutinosa, emergent plants, submerged plants, biological enzymes, and microalgae. This system has a wide coverage and comprehensive effects, effectively achieving non-point source pollution interception, terrestrial ecological restoration, and water pollution control and ecological restoration. This approach is not commonly used in this field and has achieved unexpected results.

[0027] The synergistic effect of the whole-chain bioremediation technology results in better pollutant removal efficiency, ecological restoration effect and carbon sequestration; it is not commonly used in this field and has achieved unexpected results.

[0028] By modifying Yellow River sediment materials, the division and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and algal spores are inhibited; by adding a sediment conditioner to the water, the sediment is improved, which can neutralize various organic acids in the sediment, change the acidic environment, and play a role in pest control and sterilization; by adding a microbial agent to the water, the soil micro-ecosystem is improved. This agent contains macro- and micro-elements required for the growth and development of aquatic animals and plants. These elements exist in ionic form and can be utilized by aquatic animals and plants. This method is not commonly used in this field and has achieved unexpected results.

[0029] After three stages of treatment, domestic water and irrigation runoff can meet the Class III surface water quality standard. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the ecological restoration method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Please see Figure 1 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method for synergistic deep purification and ecological restoration of grass-underwater forest-algae-enzymes, comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Plant nonploid sword-leaf reed on steep slopes and riverbanks with a row spacing of 50cm and a plant spacing of 50cm to construct a non-point source pollution interception system. The nonploid sword-leaf reed is a high-ploid product developed from wild sword-leaf reed as the parent plant. It has the characteristics of drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, and waterlogging resistance. The plants are taller, with larger leaf area and longer root system, which can adsorb pollutants and also produce carbon sequestration. The nonploid sword-leaf reed is suitable for various steep slopes and infertile soil areas, and will not cause biological invasion. At the same time, its well-developed root system can promote the reproduction and growth of soil microorganisms, play a role in soil remediation and improvement, thereby improving local soil conditions and promoting the survival of native plant and animal species. Its large leaf surface has a higher carbon sequestration capacity.

[0035] Step Two: Modified Yellow River sediment material is added to the water to inhibit the division and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and algal spores. Preparation of modified Yellow River sediment material: Yellow River sediment is heated to boiling with sodium tetraborate solution, then refluxed to obtain new sediment. The new sediment is soaked in water glass to obtain modified Yellow River sediment. A cationic polymer is added to the modified Yellow River sediment to obtain the modified Yellow River sediment material. Organic monomers, allyl polyoxyethylene ether, dispersant stabilizer, and reaction solvent are mixed, and potassium persulfate is added under a protective atmosphere to carry out a polymerization reaction, yielding the cationic polymer. The modified Yellow River sediment material has the characteristics of large specific surface area and ion release, and can also construct targeted microbial carriers. The modified Yellow River sediment material rapidly ionizes in water to produce positively charged ions, which can adsorb pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as algal spores. It forms an electrostatic bond with cells (phospholipids), rapidly attracting bacterial cells and specifically and strongly adsorbing certain phosphorus-containing compounds on the surface of bacterial cells. It interacts with the cell wall, destroys the cell wall structure, and inhibits the division and reproduction of pathogens and algal spores.

[0036] Step 3: Add a bottom sediment conditioner to the water to improve the bottom sediment, neutralize various organic acids in the bottom mud, change the acidic environment, and play a role in eliminating pests and killing bacteria.

[0037] Step 4: Add microbial agents to the water to improve the soil micro-ecosystem. These agents contain macro- and micro-elements required for the growth and development of aquatic animals and plants. These elements exist in ionic form and can be utilized by aquatic animals and plants.

[0038] Step 5: 50m upstream of the confluence of pollutants from villages / towns along the river, construct an ecological oxidation pond with a depth of 1-3m and a length of 100m. Plant emergent plants such as reeds and calamus in the shallow water area, spacing them 50cm apart. Add microalgae to the deeper water area at a density of 200 cells / ml. Add ecological floating beds. These floating beds achieve purification through several mechanisms: absorption and enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants; adsorption and degradation of pollutants; biochemical activity of microorganisms residing on the roots; and algae suppression. A porous ceramic granule ring-shaped floating island is installed on the water surface, providing a larger surface area for targeted microbial adsorption. A flow-generating aerator is installed beneath the floating island to create a favorable environment for biological growth. The flow-generating aerator oxygenates the water while promoting water circulation.

[0039] Step Six: Inject compound biological enzymes into both the water and the bottom sediment to remove pollutants;

[0040] Step 7: The water flows through the secondary treatment zone, which is an underwater forest area composed of *Potamogeton malaise* and *Myriophyllum sp.*, with a ratio of 2:1. Compound biological enzymes are sprayed in both the water and sediment areas at a ratio of 1:1. *Potamogeton malaise* has excellent nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption effects; in early spring, its decomposition significantly contributes to the accumulation and release of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the water and sediment. It is commonly found in lakes, ponds, and rivers with relatively hard geology, and is a dominant submerged plant in lakes, ponds, and rivers, serving as green manure and fodder. *Myriophyllum sp.* has strong adaptability and can thrive in various water bodies. It is a light-loving plant with a higher photosynthetic rate compared to other submerged plants, forming a thick canopy on the water surface to block light transmission, thus strongly influencing local native plant communities.

[0041] Step 8: The treated water flows into the tertiary treatment zone, which is mainly composed of goldfish algae and lotus. The lotus is arranged in patches along the shore, with a density of 6 clumps / m². 2 Ceratophyllum planting density: 200 plants / m² 2 Silver carp, snails, and shrimp are introduced into the water, and chlorella is added to the bottom sediment. After three-stage treatment, the domestic water and irrigation runoff can meet the Class III surface water quality standard.

[0042] In this embodiment, preferably, the substrate improver is a mixture of calcium carbonate, rare earth elements, potassium humate, calcium gluconate, and straw substrate.

[0043] In this embodiment, preferably, the microbial agent includes Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria.

[0044] In this embodiment, preferably, the microalgae include Chlorella, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina; Chlorella and Spirulina have the characteristics of rapid growth and economic benefits, while Dunaliella salina has a good effect on nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

[0045] In this embodiment, preferably, the composite bio-enzyme is prepared as follows: hydrated calcium sulfate, sodium acetate, and glacial acetic acid are dissolved in water to obtain a calcium sulfate buffer solution; malt is soaked in water to obtain malt extract, and agar is added to the malt extract to obtain malt extract agar medium; glucose, urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, hydrated magnesium sulfate, and yeast extract are added to water and stirred evenly to obtain a yeast enrichment medium; the yeast strain is added to the yeast enrichment medium and cultured to fully activate the strain; the activated strain is then placed in malt extract agar medium for further culture, centrifuged after culture, and the precipitate is removed, placed in the calcium sulfate buffer solution, shaken evenly, and then centrifuged again to obtain precipitated yeast sludge; the yeast sludge is fermented, and organic acid is added to obtain a mixed solution, which is then filtered.

[0046] Water quality improvement technologies can also employ in-situ remediation, semi-in-situ remediation, and ex-situ remediation. In-situ remediation involves setting up artificial oxygenation measures, artificial aquatic plants, and ecological gravel beds in natural water bodies to increase the oxygen content of the water and provide sufficient habitats for aquatic organisms, thereby enhancing water quality purification. Semi-in-situ remediation technology is used for rivers with "two-sided" and "three-sided" pollution. It involves raising the polluted river water to the top of the revetment and then letting it flow through a highly efficient purification medium laid on the bank slope, utilizing the microorganisms and attached algae communities growing on the medium to purify the water quality. Ex-situ remediation technology involves transferring the river water to other locations on the bank for treatment before discharging it back into the river.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] Please see Figure 1 This is the second embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the previous embodiment, but differs in that:

[0049] An ecological oxidation pond, 100m long and 1-3m deep, is constructed 50m upstream of the confluence of pollutants from villages / towns along the river. Emergent plants such as reeds and calamus are planted in the shallow water area, spaced 50cm apart. Microalgae are added to the deeper water area at a density of 300 cells / ml. An ecological floating bed is also installed. The floating bed achieves purification through several mechanisms: absorption and enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants; adsorption and degradation of pollutants; biochemical activity of microorganisms residing on the roots; and algae suppression. A porous ceramic granule ring-shaped floating island is installed on the water surface, providing a larger surface area for targeted microbial adsorption. A flow-generating aerator is installed beneath the floating island to create a favorable environment for biological growth. The flow-generating aerator oxygenates the water while promoting water circulation.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] Please see Figure 1 This is the third embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the previous embodiment, but differs in that:

[0052] An ecological oxidation pond, 100m long and 1-3m deep, is set up 50m upstream of the confluence of pollutants from villages / towns in the river. Reeds and cattails are planted in the shallow water area, spaced 50cm apart. Microalgae are added to the deeper water area at a density of 400 cells / ml. An ecological floating bed is also added. The floating bed achieves purification through several mechanisms: absorption and enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants; adsorption and degradation of pollutants; biochemical activity of microorganisms residing on the roots; and algae suppression. A porous ceramic granule ring-shaped floating island is placed on the water surface, providing a larger specific surface area for targeted microbial adsorption. A flow-generating aerator is installed beneath the floating island to create a favorable environment for biological growth. The flow-generating aerator oxygenates the water while promoting water circulation.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for synergistic deep purification and ecological restoration of grass-underwater forest-algae-enzymes, characterized in that: The method is as follows: Step 1: Plant nonploid sword-leaf reeds on steep slopes and riverbanks to construct a non-point source pollution interception system; Step 2: Add modified Yellow River sediment material to the water. The modified Yellow River sediment material inhibits the division and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and algal spores. The modified Yellow River sediment material is prepared by: heating Yellow River sediment to a sodium tetraborate solution, boiling it, and then refluxing it to obtain new sediment; immersing the new sediment in water glass to obtain modified Yellow River sediment; adding cationic polymers to the modified Yellow River sediment to obtain the modified Yellow River sediment material. Step 3: Add a bottom sediment improver to the water to improve the bottom sediment; the bottom sediment improver is a mixture of calcium carbonate, rare earth elements, potassium humate, calcium gluconate, and straw substrate. Step 4: Add microbial agents to the water to improve the soil micro-ecosystem; Step 5: In the upstream section of the river where pollutants are concentrated and enter the village or town, set up an ecological oxidation pond, plant emergent plants in the shallow water area, add microalgae in the deep water area at a density of 200-400 cells / ml, add ecological floating beds, and set up porous ceramic granule ring floating islands on the water surface. Set up a flow-generating aerator under the floating islands to create a good environment for biological growth. Step Six: Inject compound bio-enzymes into both the water and the sediment to remove contaminants. The compound bio-enzymes are prepared as follows: Dissolve hydrated calcium sulfate, sodium acetate, and glacial acetic acid in water to obtain a calcium sulfate buffer solution; soak malt in water to obtain malt extract, add agar to the malt extract to obtain malt extract agar medium; add glucose, urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, hydrated magnesium sulfate, and yeast extract to water and stir evenly to obtain a yeast enrichment medium; add the yeast strain to the yeast enrichment medium and culture to fully activate the strain; place the activated strain in the malt extract agar medium for further culture, centrifuge after culture, then remove the precipitate and place it in the calcium sulfate buffer solution, shake well, and centrifuge again to obtain precipitated yeast sludge. Ferment the yeast sludge and add organic acid to obtain a mixture, which is then filtered. Step 7: The water flows through the secondary treatment zone, which is an underwater forest area composed of Potamogeton malaise and Myriophyllum spicatum. Compound biological enzymes are sprayed in both the water and sediment areas. The ratio of Potamogeton malaise to Myriophyllum spicatum is 2:

1. Compound biological enzymes are sprayed in both the water and sediment areas at a ratio of 1:1 (water to sediment). Step 8: The treated water flows into the tertiary treatment zone, which is mainly composed of goldfish algae and lotus. The lotus flowers are arranged in patches along the shore, with a density of 6 clumps / m². 2 Ceratophyllum planting density: 200 plants / m² 2 Silver carp, snails, and shrimp are introduced into the water, and microalgae are added to the bottom sediment.

2. The method for synergistic deep purification and ecological restoration of grass-underwater forest-algae-enzyme as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agents include Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria.

3. The method for synergistic deep purification and ecological restoration of grass-underwater forest-algae-enzyme as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The microalgae include Chlorella, Dunaliella, and Spirulina.

4. The method for synergistic deep purification and ecological restoration of grass-underwater forest-algae-enzyme as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The emergent plants include reeds and calamus.

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