A method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus rhizome segments

Abstract

A method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo whip segments, comprising: (1) Digging and screening of whip segments: From November to March of the following year, after taking seedlings in the Indocalamus tessellatus nursery, dig the remaining whip segments, or dig whip segments in the natural rhizome expansion zone at the edge of the Indocalamus tessellatus nursery, screen and segment them; (2) Pretreatment of whip segments: Soak them in a solution containing a growth promoter and then wrap them with mud; (3) Potting: Place them crosswise and flat, cover the surface with a substrate and pot them; (4) Seedling stage management: During the entire growth period, maintain the moisture content of the substrate; During the leaf expansion stage of the bamboo seedlings, spray liquid fertilizer; During the tillering stage, spray nutrient solution and weed; After the bamboo seedlings have expanded their leaves or also perform light compensation; (5) Grading and outplanting of bamboo seedlings: After the end of the first growth period of the bamboo seedlings, grade the bamboo seedlings and outplant them. The Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo seedlings cultivated by the method of the present invention have well-developed roots, strong stress resistance and good growth potential, can improve the water and nutrient supply of the roots, have a high seedling survival rate, low seedling raising cost and high efficiency, and can be applied on a large scale.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating bamboo whip segments, and particularly to a method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo whip segments. Background Art

[0002] Indocalamus tessellatus belongs to the genus Indocalamus in the subfamily Bambusoideae. Its plants can be used for landscaping to beautify the environment. Its culms can be used as bamboo chopsticks, brush handles, broom handles, etc. Its leaves can be used as food packaging (mainly as zongzi leaves and dish mats), and can also be used as raw materials for the production of Indocalamus tessellatus wine, feed, and paper products. The zongzi food made from Indocalamus tessellatus leaves is fragrant and rich, and is a traditional food for the Dragon Boat Festival in China. As a daily delicacy, it is also deeply favored by consumers. With the development of China's economy, the acceleration of urbanization, and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for commercial zongzi leaves has increased year by year, and they are also exported to South Korea, Japan, and Southeast Asian countries. At present, commercial zongzi leaves in the south mainly come from wild Indocalamus tessellatus resources. In recent years, with the continuous increase in demand, the reduction of wild resources, and the increase in labor costs, artificial cultivation of Indocalamus tessellatus has gradually begun in various places in the south.

[0003] During the artificial cultivation of Indocalamus tessellatus, problems such as low survival rate and slow forest formation are common. Among them, in addition to factors such as uneven quality of bamboo seedlings and improper management after seedling planting, the main reason is that growers purchase a large number of bare-root seedlings to save costs. The reasons for the low survival rate of using bare-root seedlings for afforestation mainly include: (1) When taking seedlings, the rhizome root system is easily damaged, especially the rhizome buds are easily mechanically damaged and lose their germination ability; (2) Since the roots of bare-root seedlings are exposed, the rhizome roots of bamboo seedlings are very easy to lose water during transportation, resulting in a decline in root activity or loss of activity, affecting the absorption of water and fertilizers by bamboo seedlings after planting, and thus affecting the survival rate of bamboo seedlings; (3) After planting, due to the lack of support from the surrounding soil of the rhizome root system, only a small part of the bamboo seedling roots can be in close contact with the soil, which will lead to insufficient water and nutrient supply for bamboo seedlings and affect the survival rate of bamboo seedlings; (4) Since the roots of bare-root seedlings are not well-developed and the nutrient absorption ability is not strong, even if the roots are in close contact with the soil, they cannot efficiently absorb water and nutrients in the soil, resulting in weak growth potential and a long slow seedling stage of bamboo seedlings.

[0004] At present, since the zongzi leaf market is still in short supply, the artificial planting area of Indocalamus tessellatus for zongzi leaves is increasing in various places in the south of China. Although there have been many reports on the artificial cultivation technology of Indocalamus tessellatus in China, there are relatively few studies on the breeding technology of high-quality Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo seedlings.

[0005] CN109197412A discloses a method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus. According to the principle of selecting suitable bamboo species for suitable land, this method adopts technical measures such as controlling the quality of bamboo seedlings and strengthening the after-planting cultivation management, which improves the quality and planting efficiency of artificially cultivated Indocalamus tessellatus. Although this method mentions controlling the quality of bamboo seedlings to improve the cultivation efficiency, it does not provide specific seedling cultivation techniques.

[0006] CN104541870A discloses a cultivation method for ground-covering bamboo carpet-style landscape seedlings. The method includes technical measures such as rhizome segment extraction, substrate preparation, rhizome segment treatment, rhizome burying, and maintenance. It mainly uses sodium naphthylacetate rooting powder to treat rhizome segments and uses a mixture of soil and water slurry to treat rhizome segments. The key is to solve the problem of the survival rate of rhizome segment seedlings. However, this method does not consider how to improve the quality of bamboo seedlings and shorten the time from seedling planting to production. Therefore, this technical method is not completely applicable to the seedling breeding of Indocalamus tessellatus.

[0007] CN103155779A discloses a seedling cultivation method for ground-covering bamboo. This method uses rhizome segments as "seeds" and plastic bags as seedling containers without using cultivation substrates, shortening the seedling cultivation time of ground-covering bamboo species and reducing the seedling cultivation cost of ground-covering bamboo species, achieving fast, economical, and low-carbon seedling cultivation. However, this method has problems such as complex operation and high labor cost and is not suitable for large-scale seedling cultivation.

[0008] CN102487685A discloses a factory-style seedling cultivation method for ground-covering bamboo. This method uses peat soil and loess as breeding substrates, uses nutrient pots as breeding containers, and uses 2- to 3-year-old rhizomes as breeding materials. Although this method has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost, fast emergence, and high survival rate of bamboo seedlings. However, this method is mainly used for ground-covering bamboo seedling cultivation, focusing on solving the problems of bamboo seedling height, consistent color, and beauty. For the seedling breeding of Indocalamus tessellatus, it is necessary to consider breeding seedlings with many tillering times, well-developed roots, good growth potential, and strong stress resistance within one growth cycle to facilitate rapid forestation and production after planting. Therefore, this technical method is not completely applicable to the seedling breeding of Indocalamus tessellatus.

[0009] In summary, aiming at the technical problems existing in the seedling breeding of Indocalamus tessellatus, there is an urgent need to find a method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus rhizome segments with well-developed roots, strong stress resistance, and good growth potential, which can improve the water and nutrient supply of roots, has a high seedling survival rate, low seedling cultivation cost and high efficiency, and can be applied on a large scale. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art and provide a method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus rhizome segments with well-developed roots, strong stress resistance, and good growth potential, which can improve the water and nutrient supply of roots, has a high seedling survival rate, low seedling cultivation cost and high efficiency, and can be applied on a large scale.

[0011] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: A method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus rhizome segments includes the following steps:

[0012] (1)Digging and screening of rhizome segments: From November to March of the following year, after taking seedlings from the Indocalamus nursery, dig the remaining rhizome segments in the nursery land, or dig rhizome segments in the natural rhizome expansion zone at the edge of the Indocalamus nursery, screen them, and cut them into segments;

[0013] (2)Pretreatment of rhizome segments: Soak the segmented rhizome segments obtained in step (1) in a solution containing a growth promoter, and then wrap mud on the rhizome segments and their roots to obtain pretreated rhizome segments;

[0014] (3)Potting: In each seedling-raising bag filled with part of the substrate, place the pretreated rhizome segments obtained in step (2) crosswise and flatly, and then cover the surface with another layer of substrate for potting;

[0015] (4)Seedling stage management: During the entire growth period, maintain the moisture content of the substrate; during the leaf-expansion stage of the bamboo seedlings, spray liquid fertilizer; during the tillering stage, spray nutrient solution and weed regularly; after the bamboo seedlings have expanded their leaves, light compensation may also be carried out;

[0016] (5)Grading and outplanting of bamboo seedlings: After the first growth period of the bamboo seedlings ends, grade the bamboo seedlings, and the bamboo seedlings that meet the outplanting conditions are outplanted for afforestation.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), place the dug rhizome segments in a shady place and sprinkle water to keep them moist. When transporting, tie them into bundles, prevent wind and keep them moist during transportation, and complete potting and seedling raising within 48 hours; if potting and seedling raising cannot be completed within 48 hours, scatter the dug rhizome segments and bury them in moist and breathable soil, where they can be stored for 3 to 5 days.

[0018] Preferably, in step (1), the screening means: select 1- to 3-year-old rhizome segments, where the diameter of the rhizome segments is ≥0.5 cm, and most of the lateral buds on the rhizome segments are complete, plump, and have no mechanical damage. This operation can screen out rhizome segments with weak or non-germinating rhizome buds.

[0019] Preferably, in step (1), the segmentation means: Cut the segments from the middle of the internodes of the rhizome segments at a length of 10-15 cm, and each segmented rhizome segment contains more than 2 strong rhizome buds. Cut the bamboo rhizomes that meet the seedling-raising conditions into as many seedling-raising rhizome segment materials as possible to improve the efficiency of rhizome segment seedling raising. Research shows that using longer rhizome segment materials for seedling raising does not significantly improve the seedling survival rate.

[0020] Preferably, in step (2), the components and concentrations of the solution containing the growth promoter include: sodium nitrophenolate 0 - 500 mg / L, brassinolide 0 - 15 mg / L, sodium naphthylacetate 0 - 60 mg / L, sodium indolebutyrate 0 - 150 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 0 - 60 mg / L, and not all components are 0. More preferably, the concentrations of one or more of the components in the solution containing the growth promoter during use are: sodium nitrophenolate 200 - 500 mg / L, brassinolide 5 - 15 mg / L, sodium naphthylacetate 20 - 60 mg / L, sodium indolebutyrate 50 - 150 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 20 - 60 mg / L. Even more preferably, the solution containing the growth promoter is: a mixed solution of sodium naphthylacetate and sodium indolebutyrate, a mixed solution of sodium nitrophenolate, sodium naphthylacetate and 6-benzylaminopurine, or a mixed solution of sodium nitrophenolate, brassinolide, sodium naphthylacetate and sodium indolebutyrate. The main function of sodium nitrophenolate is to promote the flow of protoplasm in cells, promote cell division and proliferation, and promote plant germination and rooting; brassinolide can increase the activity of some enzymes in cells, promote protein synthesis, and has an obvious promoting effect on cell division, and can induce bud differentiation; sodium naphthylacetate can rapidly promote cell division and expansion and induce the formation of adventitious roots; sodium indolebutyrate can induce the formation of root primordia, promote cell differentiation and division, and is beneficial to the generation of new roots; 6-benzylaminopurine can inhibit the decomposition of chlorophyll, nucleic acid and protein in plant leaves, can cause cell division, and has the functions of maintaining greenness and prolonging leaf life. Experiments have proved that different combinations of growth promoters can obtain different synergistic effects.

[0021] Preferably, in step (2), the temperature of the soaking is normal temperature and the time is 2 - 3 h. The seedling raising experiment shows that if the soaking time of the rhizome segments exceeds 4 h, the seedling survival rate shows a downward trend instead.

[0022] Preferably, in step (2), in the slurry, the volume ratio of water to soil is 2 - 5:1, the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose in the slurry is 1 - 5 g / L, and the concentration of carbendazim in the slurry is 0.5 - 1.5 g / L. Wrapping the slurry can, on the one hand, reduce the loss of internal moisture of the rhizome segments and avoid water loss of the rhizome segments, and on the other hand, enable the roots to be in close contact with the substrate through the slurry after the rhizome segments are potted, avoiding the roots from hanging in the air and being unable to absorb enough water. Adding carboxymethyl cellulose can increase the adhesiveness of the slurry and improve the adhesion of the slurry on the surface of the rhizome segments. The seedling raising experiment shows that adding 1 - 5 g / L carboxymethyl cellulose in the slurry has a better effect; adding carbendazim can inhibit and kill pathogenic bacteria and prevent the rhizome segments from losing vitality due to being eroded by bacteria. The seedling raising experiment shows that adding 0.5 - 1.5 g / L carbendazim in the slurry has a better effect.

[0023] Preferably, in step (3), the components and volume percentages of the substrate include: 0-50% loam, 0-40% peat, 0-30% coconut coir, 0-30% carbonized rice husk, 0-30% mushroom residue, 0-5% bentonite, 0-10% plant ash, 0-10% perlite, 0-10% vermiculite, and not all components are 0, the total volume ≤ 100%, the water-soluble chitosan content in the substrate is 0.5-3.0 g / L, the pH value of the substrate is adjusted to 5.5-6.5, and the moisture content of the substrate is controlled at 60-85%. More preferably, the volume percentage of one or several of the components in the substrate during use is: 30-50% loam, 20-40% peat, 5-30% coconut coir, 10-30% carbonized rice husk, 5-30% mushroom residue, 3-5% bentonite, 5-10% plant ash, 5-10% perlite, 5-10% vermiculite. More preferably, the substrate contains loam, peat, mushroom residue, plant ash, carbonized rice husk and perlite, loam, peat, coconut coir, bentonite, plant ash and perlite, or loam, peat, coconut coir, plant ash, perlite and vermiculite. When the volume percentage of the loam in the substrate is 30-50%, it can provide a loose, water-retaining, breathable and nutritionally comprehensive growth environment for the roots of bamboo seedlings. The use of coconut coir and mushroom residue can reduce the cost of the substrate, and bentonite and water-soluble chitosan can improve the water retention of the substrate and improve the microbial population structure of the substrate.

[0024] Preferably, in step (3), before putting in the pretreated rhizome segments, the seedling-raising bags are filled with the substrate with a volume of 1 / 2-2 / 3.

[0025] Preferably, in step (3), the requirements for potting the rhizome segments are: put 2-5 rhizome segments in each seedling-raising bag, and try not to let the lateral buds of the rhizome segments face downwards.

[0026] Preferably, in step (3), after putting in the pretreated rhizome segments, cover them with a layer of substrate with a thickness of 3-5 cm.

[0027] Preferably, in step (3), the material of the seedling-raising bag is non-woven fabric or degradable plastic, and the specifications of the seedling-raising bag are: 15-25 cm in height and 15-25 cm in diameter. The bamboo seedlings' new rhizomes can easily penetrate through the non-woven fabric or degradable plastic seedling-raising bag, and it is not necessary to remove it during afforestation. It can be directly put into the planting hole, which can not damage the contact between the seedling roots and the seedling substrate and improve the seedling survival rate. The seedling-raising bags are closely arranged in the seedling-raising area.

[0028] Preferably, in step (4), the seedling raising conditions during the seedling stage are as follows: raising seedlings under shrub forests or in greenhouse greenhouses, with an average daily temperature of 5-35 °C, an average air humidity of ≥50%, and a light intensity of ≤50,000 Lux. Indocalamus latifolius prefers a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and is not tolerant to long-term strong sunlight exposure. The light intensity at the photosynthesis saturation point is 40,000 to 60,000 Lux. The rhizome segment seedlings of Indocalamus have low stress resistance in the early stage of seedling raising. To prevent water loss during the seedling stage or leaf burns of bamboo seedlings caused by excessive light intensity and improve the survival rate of seedling raising, it is necessary to control the temperature, humidity, and light during the seedling stage.

[0029] Preferably, in step (4), when the water content of the substrate is <60%, water is applied to keep the water content of the substrate at 60-85%.

[0030] Preferably, in step (4), during the leaf expansion stage of bamboo seedlings, liquid fertilizer is sprayed 1-2 times, and the application rate per time is 300-500 g / mu. Spraying liquid fertilizer utilizes the absorption of nutrients by leaves and roots, reduces the limitation of nutrient deficiency on the growth of bamboo seedlings, and improves the growth rate of bamboo seedlings.

[0031] Preferably, in step (4), the components and mass percentage contents of the liquid fertilizer are: urea 0.3-0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1-0.2%.

[0032] Preferably, in step (4), during the tillering stage, nutrient solution is sprayed 2-5 times, and the application rate per time is 40-100 L / mu. During the tillering stage, the nutrient demand of bamboo seedlings increases, and the types of nutrient requirements are also more comprehensive. Using nutrient solution can provide sufficient and comprehensive nutrients for bamboo seedlings, promote tillering and root growth of bamboo seedlings, and improve the stress resistance of bamboo seedlings.

[0033] Preferably, in step (4), the nutrient solution is a modified Hoagland nutrient solution.

[0034] Preferably, in step (4), the weeding method during the seedling stage refers to: according to the growth situation of weeds, when the growth height of weeds is 5-10 cm, manual weeding is carried out 2-3 times. Weeds with relatively developed roots should be gently pulled out to avoid bringing out too much substrate and affecting the growth of bamboo seedlings.

[0035] Preferably, in step (4), from June to December after the bamboo seedlings have expanded their leaves, at 6-8 o'clock and 18-21 o'clock every day, white light or full light with a light intensity of 10,000-20,000 Lux is used for a total of 3-5 hours of light compensation. In order to cultivate qualified bamboo seedlings in one growth cycle, while providing sufficient nutrients, increasing the light time and light intensity can improve the growth rate of bamboo seedlings and shorten the seedling raising cycle.

[0036] Preferably, in step (5), the criteria for bamboo seedling grading and outplanting are as follows: After December, the first growth period of the bamboo seedlings ends. According to the growth conditions of the bamboo seedlings, select the bamboo seedlings with more tillers, lush plant growth, and an average bamboo seedling height ≥ 30 cm directly for afforestation. For the bamboo seedlings with fewer tillers and poor plant growth potential, keep them in the nursery for one more year before using them for afforestation. During the afforestation process, some branches and leaves can be trimmed to reduce the transpiration rate and improve the survival rate.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the method of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] (1) The Indocalamus tessellatus seedlings cultivated by the method of the present invention have well-developed roots, strong stress resistance, and good growth potential. The seedling raising survival rate is as high as 96.7%, the number of new seedlings is as high as 4.1 plants / pot. In late September of the same year, the average seedling diameter is as high as 0.25 cm, and the average seedling height is as high as 27.3 cm. Compared with the bare-root Indocalamus tessellatus seedlings commonly used in current afforestation, the seedling raising survival rate is increased by 20 - 30%;

[0039] (2) The method of the present invention can improve the water and nutrient supply of the roots, has low seedling raising cost and high efficiency, and can be applied on a large scale. Specific embodiments

[0040] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0041] The improved Hoagland nutrient solution used in the embodiments of the present invention is purchased from Shanghai Huzhen Industrial Co., Ltd.; the raw materials, chemical fertilizers or reagents used in the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all obtained through conventional commercial channels.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] The seedling raising location is in Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou City.

[0044] (1) Digging and screening of rhizome segments: In March 2020, after taking seedlings in the Indocalamus tessellatus nursery, dig the remaining rhizome segments in the nursery land. Place the dug rhizome segments in a cool place and sprinkle water to keep them moist. Bundle them up during transportation, prevent wind and keep them moist during transportation, and complete potting and seedling raising within 48 hours. Select 1 - 3-year-old bamboo rhizomes, among which the diameter of the rhizome segments ≥ 0.5 cm, most of the lateral buds on the rhizome segments are complete, plump, and have no mechanical damage. Then, cut the segments from the middle of the internodes of the rhizome segments at a length of 10 - 15 cm, and each rhizome segment after segmentation contains more than 2 strong rhizome buds;

[0045] (2)Pre-treatment of bamboo culm segments: Put the segmented bamboo culm segments obtained in step (1) into a solution containing a growth promoter (components and concentrations: sodium naphthylacetate 20 mg / L, sodium indolebutyrate 80 mg / L). At room temperature, after soaking for 3 h, wrap the bamboo culm segments and their root systems with slurry (volume ratio of water to loam is 3:1, concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose in the slurry is 2.0 g / L, concentration of carbendazim in the slurry is 1.0 g / L) to obtain pre-treated bamboo culm segments;

[0046] (3)Potting: In each non-woven fabric seedling-raising bag filled with 1 / 2 volume of substrate (seedling-raising bag specifications: height 25 cm, diameter 20 cm), cross and horizontally place 3 pre-treated bamboo culm segments obtained in step (2). Try to keep the lateral buds of the bamboo culm segments from facing downwards. Then cover the surface with another layer of substrate with a thickness of 3 - 5 cm for potting. The components and volume percentages of the substrate are: loam 35%, peat 30%, mushroom residue 5%, plant ash 10%, carbonized rice husk 15%, perlite 5%. The content of water-soluble chitosan in the substrate is 1.0 g / L. Adjust the pH value of the substrate to 5.5 and control the moisture content of the substrate at 60 - 80%;

[0047] (4)Seedling stage management: During the entire growth period, when the moisture content of the substrate < 60%, water it to keep the moisture content of the substrate at 60 - 80%. The seedling-raising conditions are: seedling-raising under shrub forests, with an average daily temperature of 5 - 35 °C, an average air humidity of 50 - 80%, and a light intensity of 10,000 - 30,000 Lux. During the leaf-expansion stage of bamboo seedlings, spray liquid fertilizer (components and mass percentages: urea 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%) 2 times, with an application rate of 300 g / mu. During the tillering stage, spray the modified Hoagland nutrient solution 3 times, with an application rate of 60 L / mu each time. According to the growth of weeds, when the weed growth height is 5 - 10 cm, conduct manual weeding 2 times;

[0048] (5)Bamboo seedling grading and outplanting: In March 2021, after the end of the first growth period of bamboo seedlings, according to the growth situation of bamboo seedlings, select bamboo seedlings with more tillers, lush plant growth, and an average height of bamboo seedlings ≥ 30 cm for direct afforestation. Bamboo seedlings with fewer tillers and poor plant growth potential are left in the nursery for one more year before being used for afforestation.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] The seedling-raising location is in Sangzhi County, Zhangjiajie City.

[0051] (1)Digging and screening of rhizome segments: In March 2021, after taking seedlings from the Indocalamus tessellatus nursery, dig rhizome segments in the natural rhizome expansion zone at the edge of the Indocalamus tessellatus nursery. Place the dug rhizome segments in a shady place and sprinkle water to keep them moist. Bundle them when transporting, prevent wind and keep them moist during transportation, and complete potting and seedling raising within 48 hours. Screen and select 1 - 3-year-old bamboo rhizomes, where the diameter of the rhizome segments ≥ 0.5 cm, most of the lateral buds on the rhizome segments are complete, plump, and have no mechanical damage. Then, cut segments with a length of 10 - 15 cm from the middle of the internodes of the rhizome segments, and each segmented rhizome segment contains more than 2 robust rhizome buds;

[0052] (2)Pretreatment of rhizome segments: Put the segmented rhizome segments in step (1) into a solution containing growth promoters (components and concentrations: sodium nitrophenolate 300 mg / L, sodium naphthylacetate 20 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 60 mg / L). Soak for 2 hours at room temperature, and then wrap mud on the rhizome segments and their roots (volume ratio of water to loam is 4:1, concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose in the mud is 1.0 g / L, concentration of carbendazim in the mud is 1.5 g / L) to obtain pretreated rhizome segments;

[0053] (3)Potting: Cross - horizontally place 3 pretreated rhizome segments obtained in step (2) into each degradable plastic seedling - raising bag filled with 2 / 3 volume of substrate (seedling - raising bag specifications: height 22 cm, diameter 18 cm). Try to keep the lateral buds of the rhizome segments from facing downwards, and then cover the surface with a layer of substrate with a thickness of 3 - 5 cm for potting. The components and volume percentages of the substrate are: loam 45%, peat 30%, coconut coir 5%, bentonite 5%, plant ash 5%, perlite 10%. The content of water - soluble chitosan in the substrate is 1.0 g / L, the pH value of the substrate is adjusted to 6.0, and the water content of the substrate is controlled at 70 - 85%;

[0054] (4)Seedling management: During the entire growth period, when the water content of the substrate < 60%, water to keep the water content of the substrate at 70 - 85%. The seedling - raising conditions are: seedling - raising in a greenhouse, average daily temperature is 10 - 30 °C, average air humidity ≥ 60%, light intensity is 10,000 - 30,000 Lux; During the leaf - expansion period of bamboo seedlings, spray liquid fertilizer (components and mass percentages: urea 0.4%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%) 2 times, with a dosage of 400 g / mu each time; During the tillering period, spray the modified Hoagland nutrient solution 3 times, with a dosage of 80 L / mu each time. According to the growth of weeds, when the weed growth height is 5 - 10 cm, conduct manual weeding 3 times;

[0055] (5)Bamboo seedling grading and outplanting: In December 2021, after the end of the first growth period of bamboo seedlings, according to the growth of bamboo seedlings, select bamboo seedlings with more tillers, lush plant growth, and an average height of bamboo seedlings ≥ 30 cm directly for afforestation. Bamboo seedlings with fewer tillers and poor plant growth potential are left in the nursery for one more year before being used for afforestation.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] The seedling-raising site is located in Sangzhi County, Zhangjiajie City.

[0058] (1) Digging and screening of rhizome segments: In March 2022, after taking seedlings in the Indocalamus tessellatus nursery, dig rhizome segments in the natural rhizome expansion zone at the edge of the Indocalamus tessellatus nursery. Place the dug rhizome segments in a shady place and sprinkle water to keep them moist. Bundle them when transporting, prevent wind and keep them moist during transportation, and complete potting and seedling-raising within 48 hours. Select 1-3-year-old bamboo rhizomes, where the diameter of the rhizome is ≥0.6 cm, and most of the lateral buds on the rhizome segments are complete, plump, and have no mechanical damage. Then, cut segments with a length of 10-15 cm from the middle of the internodes of the rhizome segments, and each segmented rhizome segment contains more than 2 robust rhizome buds;

[0059] (2) Pretreatment of rhizome segments: Put the segmented rhizome segments obtained in step (1) into a solution containing a growth promoter (components and concentrations are: sodium nitrophenolate 500 mg / L, brassinolide 10 mg / L, sodium naphthylacetate 40 mg / L, indolebutyric acid sodium 50 mg / L). Soak for 2 hours at room temperature, and then wrap mud on the rhizome segments and their roots (the volume ratio of water to loam is 3:1, the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose in the mud is 1.0 g / L, and the concentration of carbendazim in the mud is 1.5 g / L) to obtain pretreated rhizome segments;

[0060] (3) Potting: Cross and horizontally place 3 pretreated rhizome segments obtained in step (2) into each degradable plastic seedling-raising bag filled with 1 / 2 volume of substrate (the specification of the seedling-raising bag is: 22 cm high, 18 cm in diameter). Try not to let the lateral buds of the rhizome segments face downwards, and then cover the surface with a layer of substrate with a thickness of 3-5 cm for potting; The components and volume percentages of the substrate are: 50% loam, 25% peat, 10% coconut coir, 5% plant ash, 5% perlite, 5% vermiculite. The content of water-soluble chitosan in the substrate is 1.5 g / L, the pH value of the substrate is adjusted to 5.5, and the moisture content of the substrate is controlled at 65-80%;

[0061] (4) Seedling stage management and bamboo seedling outplanting: During the entire growth period, when the moisture content of the substrate is < 60%, water is applied to maintain the moisture content of the substrate at 65 - 80%. The seedling raising conditions are: raising seedlings in a greenhouse, with an average daily temperature of 10 - 30°C, an average air humidity of ≥ 60%, and a light intensity of 10,000 - 30,000 Lux; during the leaf expansion stage of bamboo seedlings, liquid fertilizer (components and mass percentage content: urea 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%) is sprayed 2 times, with a dosage of 500 g / mu each time; during the tillering stage, the modified Hoagland nutrient solution is sprayed 2 times, with a dosage of 100 L / mu each time. According to the growth of weeds, when the weed growth height is 5 - 10 cm, manual weeding is carried out 3 times; from June to December after the bamboo seedlings have expanded their leaves, at 6 - 8 o'clock and 18 - 20 o'clock every day, full light with a light intensity of 15,000 Lux is used for a total of 4 hours of light compensation;

[0062] (5) Bamboo seedling grading and outplanting: In December 2022, after the end of the first growth period of bamboo seedlings, according to the growth situation of bamboo seedlings, bamboo seedlings with more tillers, lush plant growth, and an average height of bamboo seedlings ≥ 30 cm are directly used for afforestation, while bamboo seedlings with fewer tillers and poor plant growth vigor are left in the nursery for one more year before being used for afforestation.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is only that: in step (3), the seedling raising substrate uses loam. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is only that: (2) Pretreatment of rhizome segments: On the segmented rhizome segments and their roots in step (1), mud is wrapped (the volume ratio of the solution containing growth promoters to loam is 4:1, the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose in the mud is 1.0 g / L, the concentration of carbendazim in the mud is 1.5 g / L, the components and concentration of the solution containing growth promoters are: sodium nitrophenolate 300 mg / L, sodium naphthylacetate 20 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 60 mg / L), to obtain pretreated rhizome segments. The rest is the same as in Example 2.

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is only that: in step (2), carboxymethyl cellulose and carbendazim are not added to the mud used for wrapping. The rest is the same as in Example 3.

[0069] Comparative Example 4

[0070] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is only that: in step (4), no light compensation is carried out. The rest is the same as in Example 3.

[0071] In order to evaluate the differences between the Indocalamus tessellatus seedlings raised in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 of the method of the present invention, the growth conditions of the Indocalamus tessellatus were tested and statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1 Statistical table of the growth conditions of the Indocalamus tessellatus seedlings raised in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4

[0073]

[0074] Note: In the table, the seedling survival rate = (the number of containers with shoots growing into bamboo / the total number of containers for rhizome section seedling raising) * 100%; the number of new seedlings, that is, the tillering number of bamboo seedlings, is the number of bamboo seedlings in a single container; the measurement time of the average seedling diameter and the average seedling height is late September of the year of seedling raising; the average seedling diameter is the diameter of the bamboo seedling at 1 - 2 cm above the ground.

[0075] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 1, in Example 1, the seedling survival rate increased by 6.7%, the tillering number of bamboo seedlings (the number of new seedlings) increased by 0.9 plants per pot, the average seedling diameter of bamboo seedlings increased by 0.02 cm, and the average seedling height increased by 2.4 cm, indicating that the prepared seedling raising substrate can effectively improve the seedling survival rate and the quality of bamboo seedlings; compared with Comparative Example 2, in Example 2, the seedling survival rate increased by 16.7%, and the tillering number of bamboo seedlings (the number of new seedlings) increased by 1.1 plants per pot, indicating that treating the rhizome sections with a plant growth promoter alone can effectively improve the seedling survival rate; compared with Comparative Example 3, in Example 3, the seedling survival rate increased by 8.8%, the tillering number of bamboo seedlings (the number of new seedlings) increased by 0.4 plants per pot, the average seedling diameter of bamboo seedlings increased by 0.01 cm, and the average seedling height increased by 2.3 cm, indicating that the improved slurry treatment can, to a certain extent, improve the seedling survival rate and increase the seedling height; compared with Comparative Example 4, in Example 3, the seedling survival rate increased by 4.6%, the tillering number of bamboo seedlings (the number of new seedlings) increased by 1.6 plants per pot, the average seedling diameter increased by 0.04 cm, and the average seedling height increased by 8.7 cm, indicating that adding a supplementary lighting measure can increase the seedling diameter and seedling height of bamboo seedlings, thereby improving the quality of bamboo seedlings.

[0076] In order to evaluate the influence of the growth promoter on the seedling survival rate, Comparative Examples 5 to 13 were set up for comparison, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0077] Comparative Example 5

[0078] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 2 is only that: in step (2), soaking in the solution containing the growth promoter is replaced by: spraying water to keep moist. The rest is the same as in Example 2.

[0079] Comparative Examples 6 to 13

[0080] The differences between Comparative Examples 6 to 13 and Example 2 are only as follows: in step (2), the solutions containing growth promoters were respectively replaced with: clear water, sodium nitrophenolate solution, brassinolide solution, sodium naphthylacetate solution, sodium indolebutyrate solution, 6-benzylaminopurine, amine fresh fat solution, triacontanol solution. The rest is the same as in Example 2.

[0081] Table 2 Survival rate of Indocalamus tessellatus seedlings treated with different types of growth promoters in Comparative Examples 5 to 13

[0082]

[0083] As can be seen from Table 2, the growth promoting effect of the growth promoter on the growth of Indocalamus tessellatus can be maximized at appropriate application concentrations. However, the use of too concentrated growth promoters, such as when the concentration of sodium nitrophenolate solution is 700 mg / L, is instead not conducive to the survival of seedlings; while in Example 3 of the present invention, a better seedling survival rate was obtained by reasonably preparing the solution containing the growth promoter.

Claims

1. A method for raising seedlings with Indocalamus tessellatus rhizome segments, characterized in that, it comprises the following steps: (1) Digging and screening of rhizome segments: From November to March of the following year, after taking seedlings in the Indocalamus tessellatus nursery, dig the remaining rhizome segments in the nursery land, or dig rhizome segments in the natural rhizome expansion zone at the edge of the Indocalamus tessellatus nursery, screen and segment them; (2) Pretreatment of rhizome segments: Immerse the segmented rhizome segments obtained in step (1) in a solution containing a growth promoter, and then wrap the rhizome segments and their roots with mud to obtain pretreated rhizome segments; The solution containing the growth promoter is: a mixed solution of sodium naphthylacetate and sodium indolebutyrate, or a mixed solution of sodium nitrophenolate, sodium naphthylacetate and 6-benzylaminopurine, or a mixed solution of sodium nitrophenolate, brassinolide, sodium naphthylacetate and sodium indolebutyrate; The concentrations of several components in the solution containing the growth promoter during use are: sodium nitrophenolate 200 - 500 mg / L, brassinolide 5 - 15 mg / L, sodium naphthylacetate 20 - 60 mg / L, sodium indolebutyrate 50 - 150 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 20 - 60 mg / L; The temperature of the immersion is normal temperature, and the time is 2 - 3 h; In the mud, the volume ratio of water to soil is 2 - 5:1, the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose in the mud is 1 - 5 g / L, and the concentration of carbendazim in the mud is 0.5 - 1.5 g / L; (3) Potting: Cross - place the pretreated rhizome segments obtained in step (2) horizontally in each seedling - raising bag filled with part of the substrate, and then cover the surface with another layer of substrate for potting; The substrate contains loam, peat, mushroom residue, plant ash, carbonized rice husk and perlite, or loam, peat, coconut coir, bentonite, plant ash and perlite, or loam, peat, coconut coir, plant ash, perlite and vermiculite; The volume percentages of several components in the substrate during use are: loam 30 - 50%, peat 20 - 40%, coconut coir 5 - 30%, carbonized rice husk 10 - 30%, mushroom residue 5 - 30%, bentonite 3 - 5%, plant ash 5 - 10%, perlite 5 - 10%, vermiculite 5 - 10%; The content of water - soluble chitosan in the substrate is 0.5 - 3.0 g / L, the pH value of the substrate is adjusted to 5.5 - 6.5, and the moisture content of the substrate is controlled at 60 - 85%; (4) Seedling - stage management: During the entire growth period, maintain the moisture content of the substrate; During the leaf - unfolding stage of the bamboo seedlings, spray liquid fertilizer; During the tillering stage, spray nutrient solution and weed regularly; After the bamboo seedlings unfold their leaves, carry out light compensation; The seedling - raising conditions during the seedling stage are: raising seedlings under shrubs or in a greenhouse, the daily average temperature is 5 - 35 °C, the average air humidity ≥ 50%, and the light intensity ≤ 50,000 Lux; From June to December after the bamboo seedlings unfold their leaves, at 6 - 8 o'clock and 18 - 21 o'clock every day, use white light or full light with a light intensity of 10,000 - 20,000 Lux for light compensation for 3 - 5 hours; (5) Grading and out - planting of bamboo seedlings: After the end of the first growth period of the bamboo seedlings, grade the bamboo seedlings, and the bamboo seedlings meeting the out - planting conditions are out - planted for afforestation.

2. The method for raising seedlings with Indocalamus tessellatus rhizome segments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the dug bamboo rhizome segments are placed in a shady place and moistened by sprinkling water. They are bundled during transportation, protected from wind and kept moist during the transportation process, and potted for seedling raising within 48 hours. If the potted seedling raising cannot be completed within 48 hours, the dug bamboo rhizome segments are scattered and buried in moist and breathable soil, and can be stored for 3 to 5 days. The screening means: selecting bamboo rhizome segments of 1 to 3 years old, wherein the diameter of the bamboo rhizome segments is ≥ 0.5 cm, and most of the lateral buds on the bamboo rhizome segments are complete, plump and without mechanical damage. The segmentation means: cutting segments with a length of 10 to 15 cm from the middle of the internodes of the bamboo rhizome segments, and each segmented bamboo rhizome segment contains more than 2 strong bamboo buds.

3. The method for raising seedlings with Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo rhizome segments according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step (3), before putting the pretreated bamboo rhizome segments, the seedling-raising bags are filled with a substrate with a volume of 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. The requirements for potting the bamboo rhizome segments are: putting 2 to 5 bamboo rhizome segments in each seedling-raising bag, and the lateral buds of the bamboo rhizome segments should not face down as much as possible. After putting the pretreated bamboo rhizome segments, cover a layer of substrate with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm. The material of the seedling-raising bag is non-woven fabric or degradable plastic, and the specifications of the seedling-raising bag are: height 15 to 25 cm, diameter 15 to 25 cm.

4. The method for raising seedlings with Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo rhizome segments according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step (4), when the moisture content of the substrate < 60%, water is applied to keep the moisture content of the substrate at 60 to 85%. During the leaf-expansion period of the bamboo seedlings, liquid fertilizer is sprayed 1 to 2 times, and the application rate each time is 300 to 500 g / mu. The components and mass percentage contents of the liquid fertilizer are: urea 0.3 to 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1 to 0.2%. During the tillering period, nutrient solution is sprayed 2 to 5 times, and the application rate each time is 40 to 100 L / mu. The nutrient solution is modified Hoagland nutrient solution.

5. The method for raising seedlings with Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo rhizome segments according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (4), when the moisture content of the substrate < 60%, water is applied to keep the moisture content of the substrate at 60 to 85%. During the leaf-expansion period of the bamboo seedlings, liquid fertilizer is sprayed 1 to 2 times, and the application rate each time is 300 to 500 g / mu. The components and mass percentage contents of the liquid fertilizer are: urea 0.3 to 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1 to 0.2%. During the tillering period, nutrient solution is sprayed 2 to 5 times, and the application rate each time is 40 to 100 L / mu. The nutrient solution is modified Hoagland nutrient solution.

6. The method for raising seedlings with Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo rhizome segments according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step (4), the method for weeding during the seedling stage means: according to the growth situation of the weeds, when the growth height of the weeds is 5 to 10 cm, manual weeding is carried out 2 to 3 times.

7. The method for raising seedlings with Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo rhizome segments according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (4), the method for weeding during the seedling stage means: according to the growth situation of the weeds, when the growth height of the weeds is 5 to 10 cm, manual weeding is carried out 2 to 3 times.

8. The method for raising seedlings with Indocalamus tessellatus bamboo rhizome segments according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (4), the method for weeding during the seedling stage means: according to the growth situation of the weeds, when the growth height of the weeds is 5 to 10 cm, manual weeding is carried out 2 to 3 times.

9. The method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus rhizome segments as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step (5), the standards for grading and outplanting the bamboo seedlings are as follows: After December, when the first growth period of the bamboo seedlings ends, according to the growth conditions of the bamboo seedlings, select the bamboo seedlings with more tillers, lush plant growth, and an average height of the bamboo seedlings ≥ 30 cm for direct afforestation, and keep the bamboo seedlings with fewer tillers and poor plant growth potential in the nursery for one more year before using them for afforestation.

10. The method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus rhizome segments as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step (5), the standards for grading and outplanting the bamboo seedlings are as follows: After December, when the first growth period of the bamboo seedlings ends, according to the growth conditions of the bamboo seedlings, select the bamboo seedlings with more tillers, lush plant growth, and an average height of the bamboo seedlings ≥ 30 cm for direct afforestation, and keep the bamboo seedlings with fewer tillers and poor plant growth potential in the nursery for one more year before using them for afforestation.

11. The method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus rhizome segments as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In step (5), the standards for grading and outplanting the bamboo seedlings are as follows: After December, when the first growth period of the bamboo seedlings ends, according to the growth conditions of the bamboo seedlings, select the bamboo seedlings with more tillers, lush plant growth, and an average height of the bamboo seedlings ≥ 30 cm for direct afforestation, and keep the bamboo seedlings with fewer tillers and poor plant growth potential in the nursery for one more year before using them for afforestation.

12. The method for cultivating Indocalamus tessellatus rhizome segments as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step (5), the standards for grading and outplanting the bamboo seedlings are as follows: After December, when the first growth period of the bamboo seedlings ends, according to the growth conditions of the bamboo seedlings, select the bamboo seedlings with more tillers, lush plant growth, and an average height of the bamboo seedlings ≥ 30 cm for direct afforestation, and keep the bamboo seedlings with fewer tillers and poor plant growth potential in the nursery for one more year before using them for afforestation.

Images