A roof opening and closing device, a rail vehicle body, and a rail vehicle.

Abstract

This application provides a roof opening and closing device, a rail vehicle body, and a rail vehicle. The roof opening and closing device is used in conjunction with two side walls of the rail vehicle body and two top hatches symmetrically arranged between the tops of the two side walls along the length of the rail vehicle body. At least one opening and closing device is provided between the side wall and the top hatch on the same side. The opening and closing device includes an opening and closing assembly, which includes a first power drive component and an active arm. The drive end of the first power drive component is connected to one end of the active arm, and the other end of the active arm is connected to the top hatch. It has the advantages of being able to load and unload large-sized goods, facilitating loading and unloading, and saving time and labor. It is applicable to the technical field of railway freight opening and closing devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of railway freight opening and closing devices, specifically to a roof opening and closing device, a rail vehicle body, and a rail vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for the transportation of high-value-added goods in multiple varieties, small batches, and frequent shipments is increasing. People also have higher requirements for the speed, punctuality, convenience, and safety of freight transportation, making the rapid transportation of high-value-added goods an important part of the transportation market.

[0003] There are significant differences in train structure between railway freight and passenger transport. For passenger transport, the doors that allow just one person to pass through are needed for passengers to get on and off. Passenger trains generally use sliding doors, which have advantages such as high comfort, high safety, and high reliability. On the other hand, for freight trains that carry goods, the doors for loading and unloading goods must meet the existing railway line clearance requirements while having a large loading capacity, convenient loading and unloading, and high safety.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, it is currently known that freight high-speed rail vehicles all employ side-opening doors. When using side-opening high-speed trains for special transport of large cargo, there is a problem that cargo needs to be transported into the car body through both side doors, making loading and unloading extremely inconvenient, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a roof opening and closing device to solve the problem that existing freight vehicles require cargo to be transported into the vehicle body through side doors, resulting in inconvenient, time-consuming, and labor-intensive loading and unloading. A second objective of this application is to provide a rail vehicle body including the aforementioned roof opening and closing device. A third objective of this application is to provide a rail vehicle including the aforementioned rail vehicle body.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: An embodiment of this application provides a roof opening and closing device, which is used in conjunction with two side walls of a rail vehicle body and two top hatches symmetrically arranged between the tops of the two side walls along the length direction of the rail vehicle body. At least one opening and closing device is provided between the side wall and the top hatch on the same side. The opening and closing device includes an opening and closing assembly, which includes a first power drive component and an active arm. The drive end of the first power drive component is connected to one end of the active arm, and the other end of the active arm is connected to the top hatch.

[0007] Preferably, the active boom includes two transverse boom plates; one end of each of the two transverse boom plates is hinged to the end of the top hatch away from the side wall via a first hinged longitudinal rod; the other end of each of the two transverse boom plates is hinged to the top of the drive end via the middle of a second hinged longitudinal rod.

[0008] More preferably, the opening and closing assembly further includes a top rod and a second power drive component; the opening and closing device includes a column disposed on the side wall, the column being connected to the top hatch via the opening and closing assembly; the column includes two first vertical plates; a second vertical plate is connected between the upper parts of the two first vertical plates on the side away from the side wall; two transverse arm plates are located between the two first vertical plates; each of the two transverse arm plates has a corresponding through hole in its middle; the two through holes are connected by a third hinged longitudinal rod, the middle part of the third hinged longitudinal rod is hinged to the lower part of the top rod, and the bottom end face of the top rod is hinged to the second vertical plate via the second power drive component; the top of the top rod contacts the inner wall of the top hatch.

[0009] Preferably, the first power drive component is a screw jack, the drive end is a screw, the screw jack further includes a rotating body and an input shaft, the rotating body is connected to the column, and the input shaft drives the screw to lift and lower through the rotating body.

[0010] More preferably, the input shafts of multiple screw jacks on multiple opening and closing devices located on the same side are connected by a first longitudinal connecting rod.

[0011] The roof opening and closing device provided in this application embodiment has the following technical advantages compared to the prior art:

[0012] The roof-mounted opening and closing device provided in this application is suitable for rail vehicle bodies with hatches located on the roof. When the device is closed, the rail vehicle body remains intact and aesthetically pleasing, offering advantages such as large loading capacity, a large opening size for the top hatches, and the ability to load and unload large-sized goods, making loading and unloading more convenient and efficient. The opening and closing device has a simple structure; the first power drive component in the opening and closing assembly moves the active arm to open and close the top hatches. The connection structure is robust, with good mechanical load-bearing capacity, high strength, and long service life, requiring minimal maintenance and saving time and effort. The device allows for the opening and closing of two top hatches relative to their respective side walls, making it convenient, safe, and reliable.

[0013] To achieve the second objective mentioned above, this application also provides a rail vehicle body, comprising: two side walls and two top hatches symmetrically disposed between the tops of the two side walls along the length direction of the rail vehicle body; at least one roof opening and closing device as described in any of the above descriptions is disposed between the side walls and the top hatches on the same side.

[0014] Preferably, the rail vehicle body further includes at least one locking device, which includes a first locking drive assembly and a second locking drive assembly symmetrically arranged on the inner walls of the two top hatches; a first locking rod is connected to the end of the first locking drive assembly that is close to the second locking drive assembly, and the first locking rod is provided with a pin hole; a second locking rod is connected to the end of the second locking drive assembly that is close to the first locking drive assembly, and the second locking rod is axially adapted to the pin hole, so that when the second locking drive assembly is extended, the second locking rod can be inserted into the pin hole.

[0015] Preferably, the rail vehicle body further includes a first wire rope winding machine, which is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the first locking drive assembly. A first wire rope is wound on the first wire rope winding machine, and the working end of the first wire rope is connected to the first locking rod. A second wire rope winding machine is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the second locking drive assembly. A second wire rope is wound on the second wire rope winding machine, and the working end of the second wire rope is connected to the second locking rod.

[0016] More preferably, the input shafts of the plurality of first wire rope winding machines are connected to each other by a second longitudinal connecting rod, and the input shafts of the plurality of second wire rope winding machines are connected to each other by a third longitudinal connecting rod; a third power drive assembly is connected to the second longitudinal connecting rod, and a fourth power drive assembly is connected to the third longitudinal connecting rod.

[0017] Since the aforementioned roof opening and closing device has the aforementioned technical effects, the rail vehicle body with the roof opening and closing device should also have the corresponding technical effects.

[0018] To achieve the third objective mentioned above, this application also provides a rail vehicle, including a running gear and a rail vehicle body as described in any of the preceding descriptions, disposed above the running gear. Similarly, since the rail vehicle includes the aforementioned rail vehicle body, it also includes the aforementioned roof opening and closing device; therefore, the rail vehicle having this rail vehicle body should also possess the corresponding technical effects of the roof opening and closing device and the rail vehicle body. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a roof opening and closing device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view along line AA;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part B in the middle;

[0023] Figure 4 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a rail vehicle body.

[0024] Figure 5 This application provides a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a rail vehicle body.

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of a section in the middle C;

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the closed state of a rail vehicle body door provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a rail vehicle body with its hatch not fully open, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a rail vehicle body with its hatch fully open, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0029] The following labels are shown in the attached diagram:

[0030] 1. Rail surface, 2. Railway clearance, 10. Side wall, 20. Top hatch, 30. 30. Opening and closing assembly, 40. Locking device, 50. Top rod transverse groove, 201. First vertical plate, 301. Second vertical plate, 302. First power drive component, 401. Active arm, 402. First articulated longitudinal rod, 403. Second articulated longitudinal rod, 404. Top rod, 405. Second power drive component, 406. Third articulated longitudinal rod, 407. First locking drive assembly, 501. Second locking drive assembly, 502. First wire rope winding machine, 601. Second wire rope winding machine, 602. Guide groove, 3011. Drive end, 4011. Rotating body, 4012. First longitudinal connecting rod, 4013. Transverse arm plate, 4021. Through hole, 4022. Detailed Implementation

[0031] This invention discloses a roof opening and closing device to solve the problem that existing freight vehicles require cargo to be transported into the vehicle body through side doors, which is inconvenient, time-consuming and labor-intensive for loading and unloading.

[0032] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the exemplary embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0033] In this application, the length direction of the rail vehicle body is defined as longitudinal, the width direction of the rail vehicle body as transverse, and the height direction of the rail vehicle body as vertical.

[0034] Please see Figure 1-2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a roof opening and closing device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view along axis AA shows the rail vehicle body located on rail surface 1. In one specific embodiment, a roof opening and closing device is provided. This device works in conjunction with two side walls 10 of the rail vehicle body and two top hatches 20 symmetrically arranged between the tops of the two side walls 10 along the length of the rail vehicle body. At least one opening and closing device is provided between the side wall 10 and the top hatches 20 on the same side. The opening and closing device includes an opening and closing assembly 40, which includes a first power drive component 401 and an active arm 402. The drive end 4011 of the first power drive component 401 is connected to one end of the active arm 402, and the other end of the active arm 402 is connected to the top hatches 20. Specifically, the number of opening and closing devices provided between the side wall 10 and the top hatches on the same side can be five. The opening and closing devices are longitudinally distributed within the car body of the rail vehicle, making the opening and closing of the top hatches smoother, safer, and longer in service life.

[0035] The roof-mounted opening and closing device provided in this application is suitable for rail vehicle bodies with hatches located on the roof. When the device is closed, the rail vehicle body remains intact and aesthetically pleasing, offering advantages such as large loading capacity, a large opening size for the top hatches, and the ability to load and unload large-sized goods, making loading and unloading more convenient and efficient. The opening and closing device has a simple structure; the first power drive component in the opening and closing assembly moves the active arm to open and close the top hatches. The connection structure is robust, with good mechanical load-bearing capacity, high strength, and long service life, requiring minimal maintenance and saving time and effort. The device allows for the opening and closing of two top hatches relative to their respective side walls, making it convenient, safe, and reliable.

[0036] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 for Figure 2 In the enlarged view of part B, the active boom 402 further includes two transverse boom plates 4021 arranged symmetrically along the longitudinal direction; one end of each of the two transverse boom plates 4021 is hinged to the end of the top hatch 20 away from the side wall 10 via a first hinged longitudinal rod 403; the other end of the two transverse boom plates 4021 is hinged to the top of the drive end 4011 via the middle of a second hinged longitudinal rod 404.

[0037] In this application, the two transverse panels of the active arm are connected to the top hatch and the drive end respectively through the first hinged longitudinal rod and the second hinged longitudinal rod, so that during the driving process of the first power drive component, the two transverse panels can rotate and move smoothly with the drive end, making the opening and closing of the top hatch smoother and more stable.

[0038] Specifically, guide grooves 3011 are symmetrically arranged on the inner walls of the two first vertical plates 301, and the two ends of the second hinged longitudinal rod 404 are respectively disposed within the two guide grooves 3011. In this application, a first power drive component is used, with the drive end driving the active arm to rise and fall within the guide grooves, causing the active arm to rotate and rise and fall relative to the column, thereby opening or closing the top hatch. The guide grooves restrict the movement path of the second hinged longitudinal rod, enabling the top hatch to open and close according to a preset path, ensuring that it does not exceed the railway clearance 2 during opening and closing.

[0039] Furthermore, the opening and closing assembly 40 also includes a push rod 405 and a second power drive component 406; the opening and closing device includes a column 30 mounted on the side wall 10, the column 30 being connected to the top hatch 20 via the opening and closing assembly 40; the column 30 includes two first vertical plates 301, forming an accommodating space between the side wall 10 and the two first vertical plates 301, and a second vertical plate 302 is connected to the upper part of the two first vertical plates 301 on the side away from the side wall 10; the ends of the two transverse wall panels 4021 near the drive end are located at... Within the accommodating space between the two first vertical plates 301, each of the two transverse arm plates 4021 has a corresponding through hole 4022 in the middle. Specifically, the through hole 4022 can be an elongated through hole. The two through holes 4022 are connected by a third hinged longitudinal rod 407. The middle part of the third hinged longitudinal rod 407 is hinged to the lower part of the top rod 405. The bottom end face of the top rod 405 is hinged to the second vertical plate 302 through a second power drive component 406. The top of the top rod 405 is in contact with the inner wall of the top hatch 20.

[0040] In this application, a push rod and a second power drive component are used to further support the top hatch. The second power drive component allows adjustment of the position of the top of the push rod on the inner wall of the top hatch. During the opening and closing of the top hatch, the push rod remains supported between the support arm and the top hatch, making the support structure more stable and reliable. When the top hatch needs to be opened, the push rod cylinder uses the push rod to first open the top hatch, separating it from the side wall. As the lead screw drives the active arm to move, the third hinged longitudinal rod can move within the through hole. The through hole is an elongated, waist-shaped through hole, allowing the lower parts of the third hinged longitudinal rod and the push rod to move along a pre-set elongated, waist-shaped through hole path, further enhancing the stability of the support structure during movement.

[0041] Specifically, a top rod transverse groove 201 is provided on the inner wall of the top hatch 20; the top of the top rod 405 is located within the top rod transverse groove 201. Specifically, the top rod transverse groove can be formed by the space created inside two parallel stiffening plates. In this application, by providing a top rod transverse groove on the top hatch, the top of the top rod can move along the groove on the inner wall of the top hatch. The top rod transverse groove and the elongated through hole work together to pre-set the movement paths of the top and bottom of the top rod, thus supporting the top rod during movement and making the structure more stable.

[0042] Furthermore, the first power drive component 401 is a screw jack, with a screw at the drive end. The screw jack also includes a rotating body 4012 and an input shaft. The rotating body 4012 is connected to the column 30, and the input shaft drives the screw 4011 to rise and fall through the rotating body 4012. Specifically, the rotating body 4012 is hinged to the column 30.

[0043] In this application, a screw jack is used as the first power drive component, which transforms the rotational motion of the input shaft into the linear lifting and lowering of the screw. The screw can smoothly drive the active arm to move, thereby more smoothly opening and closing the top hatch.

[0044] Specifically, the first power drive component 401 can be a drive device such as a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a motor. Taking a cylinder as an example, the cylinder barrel end is hinged to the column 30, and the drive end is the telescopic rod end of the cylinder. The telescopic rod end is connected to the end of the active arm 402 away from the top hatch 20.

[0045] In addition to using a screw jack as the first power drive component, this application can also use a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, motor, or other drive device as the first power drive component. The principles are similar. Taking cylinder drive as an example, the drive arm can be moved by the cylinder end and the telescopic rod end. The operation method is simple and easy to control.

[0046] Furthermore, the input shafts of multiple screw jacks 401 on multiple opening and closing devices located on the same side are connected by a first longitudinal connecting rod 4013.

[0047] By connecting multiple input shafts through the first longitudinal link, the synchronous lifting and lowering operations of the screws on multiple screw jacks can be realized, enabling better collaborative operation and smoother opening and closing of the top hatch.

[0048] Specifically, a drive device is connected to the first longitudinal link 4013. Specifically, the drive device can be a handwheel or a motor drive device to synchronously drive multiple screw jacks via the first longitudinal link. In this application, the drive device enables synchronous control of multiple screw jacks, facilitating synchronous control of the active arms in multiple opening and closing devices, thereby achieving smooth opening and closing of the top hatch. During operation, inconsistent movements of multiple active arms will not cause damage to the opening and closing devices or the top hatch.

[0049] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a rail vehicle body according to an embodiment of the present application. Based on the roof opening and closing device provided in the above embodiments, this application also provides a rail vehicle body, including: two side walls 10 and two top hatches 20 symmetrically arranged between the tops of the two side walls 10 along the length direction of the rail vehicle body; at least one roof opening and closing device as described in any of the above embodiments is provided between the side walls 10 and the top hatches 20 on the same side. This improves the lightweight performance of the rail vehicle body and makes it safer and more environmentally friendly. Since this rail vehicle body adopts the roof opening and closing device in the above embodiments, the beneficial effects of this rail vehicle body can be found in the above embodiments.

[0050] Specifically, the clear passage length after the top hatch is opened is ≥14000mm, and the clear passage width is ≤2600mm. This effectively increases the internal space of the rail vehicle body and improves the loading capacity for large cargo. It ensures that the top hatch meets the railway clearance requirements 2 in both open and closed states, while also accommodating the entry and exit of larger cargo.

[0051] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a rail vehicle body provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 for Figure 5A partial enlarged view of section C shows that the rail vehicle body further includes at least one locking device 50. The locking device 50 includes a first locking drive assembly 501 and a second locking drive assembly 502 symmetrically arranged on the inner walls of the two top hatches 20. A first locking rod is connected to the end of the first locking drive assembly 501 adjacent to the second locking drive assembly 502, and the first locking rod has a pin hole. A second locking rod is connected to the end of the second locking drive assembly 502 adjacent to the first locking drive assembly 501. The second locking rod and the pin hole are axially aligned, allowing the second locking rod to be inserted into the pin hole when the second locking drive assembly 502 extends. Specifically, the number of locking devices can be the same as the number of opening and closing devices located between the side wall 10 and the top hatch 20 on the same side. Specifically, the first locking drive assembly 501 and the second locking drive assembly can be driving devices such as cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, or motors.

[0052] In this application, when the top hatch is closed, a locking device can be used to lock both top hatches, ensuring their integrity and security in the closed state. The locking device has a simple structure. The extension of a first locking drive assembly and a second locking drive assembly, respectively located on the two top hatches, engages the pin hole and the second locking rod to lock them together, preventing the top hatches from opening automatically due to vibration or other reasons. When unlocking is required, the first and second locking drive assemblies retract, causing the pin hole and the second locking rod to separate, thus releasing the lock.

[0053] Furthermore, the rail vehicle body also includes: a first wire rope winding machine 601, which is configured one-to-one with the first locking drive assembly 501, with a first wire rope wound on the first wire rope winding machine 601, and the working end of the first wire rope connected to the first locking rod; and a second wire rope winding machine 602, which is configured one-to-one with the second locking drive assembly 502, with a second wire rope wound on the second wire rope, and the working end of the second wire rope connected to the second locking rod.

[0054] In the event of a power failure, when the locking device cannot be operated by the first locking drive assembly and the second locking drive assembly, the first locking rod and the second locking rod can be moved by the first wire rope winding machine and the second wire rope winding machine respectively, and the pin hole and the second locking rod are connected and locked mechanically to prevent the top hatch from opening automatically due to vibration.

[0055] Furthermore, the input shafts of multiple first wire rope winding machines 601 are connected to each other via a second longitudinal connecting rod, and the input shafts of multiple second wire rope winding machines 602 are connected to each other via a third longitudinal connecting rod; a third power drive assembly is connected to the second longitudinal connecting rod, and a fourth power drive assembly is connected to the third longitudinal connecting rod.

[0056] The third power drive assembly operates multiple first wire rope winding machines synchronously via the second longitudinal link, and the fourth power drive assembly operates multiple second wire rope winding machines synchronously via the third longitudinal link. The operation is more stable and safer, and it is convenient to lock the two top hatches.

[0057] Based on the roof opening and closing device provided in the above embodiments, this application also provides a rail vehicle, including a running gear and a rail vehicle body as described in any of the above descriptions, disposed above the running gear. Since the rail vehicle includes the aforementioned rail vehicle body, that is, it also includes the aforementioned roof opening and closing device, the rail vehicle having this rail vehicle body should also have the corresponding technical effects of the roof opening and closing device and the rail vehicle body.

[0058] Working principle:

[0059] Please see Figures 7-9 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the closed state of a rail vehicle body according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a rail vehicle body with its hatch not fully open, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fully opened hatch of a rail vehicle body, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0060] When the top hatch needs to be opened, the locking device 50 unlocks, the second power drive component 406 retracts, and the drive rod 405 rotates. The top of the drive rod 405 supports and opens the top hatch 20, separating the top hatch 20 from the side wall 10. Then, the drive device drives the drive end 4011 to descend through the first longitudinal connecting rod 4013. At the same time, the rotating body 4012 rotates relative to the column 30. The second hinged longitudinal rod 404 drives the active arm 402 to move downward along a preset path in the guide groove 3011. The top of the active arm 402 drives the top hatch to rotate through the first hinged longitudinal rod 403 until the top hatch is fully opened. In the fully open state, the two top hatches are located outside the corresponding two side walls, not exceeding the railway clearance 2, and have the best aerodynamic performance with low air resistance.

[0061] When the top hatch needs to be closed, the drive unit drives the drive end 4011 to rise via the first longitudinal connecting rod 4013. At the same time, the rotating body 4012 rotates relative to the column 30. The second hinged longitudinal rod 404 drives the active arm to move upward along a preset path in the guide groove 3011. The top of the active arm 402 drives the top hatch to rotate via the first hinged longitudinal rod 403 until the top hatch 20 is above the side wall. Then, the second power drive component 406 extends, drives the top rod 405 to rotate, and the top hatch 20 closes. It is locked by the locking device 50, thus completing the closure of the top hatch. In the closed state, the outer sides of the two top hatches 20 are flush with the top of the outer contour of the rail vehicle body, which is complete and aesthetically pleasing.

[0062] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0063] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A vehicle roof opening and closing device, characterized in that, The opening and closing device is used in conjunction with two side walls (10) in the rail vehicle body and two top hatches (20) symmetrically arranged between the tops of the two side walls (10) along the length direction of the rail vehicle body. At least one of the opening and closing devices is provided between the side wall (10) and the top hatches (20) on the same side. The opening and closing device includes an opening and closing assembly (40), which includes a first power drive component (401) and an active arm (402); the drive end (4011) of the first power drive component (401) is connected to one end of the active arm (402), and the other end of the active arm (402) is connected to the top hatch (20); The active arm (402) includes two transverse arm plates (4021). One end of each of the two transverse arm plates (4021) is hinged to the end of the top hatch (20) away from the side wall (10) via a first hinged longitudinal bar (403); The other ends of the two transverse arm plates (4021) are hinged to the top of the drive end (4011) via the middle of the second hinged longitudinal bar (404); The opening and closing assembly (40) also includes a push rod (405) and a second power drive component (406). The opening and closing device includes a column (30) installed on the side wall (10), and the column (30) is connected to the top hatch (20) through an opening and closing assembly (40); The column (30) includes two first vertical plates (301), and a second vertical plate (302) is connected between the upper parts of the two first vertical plates (301) on the side away from the side wall (10); the two transverse arm plates (4021) are located between the two first vertical plates (301); Each of the two transverse arm plates (4021) has a corresponding through hole (4022) in the middle. The two through holes (4022) are connected by a third hinged longitudinal rod (407), the middle part of the third hinged longitudinal rod (407) is hinged to the lower part of the top rod (405), and the bottom end face of the top rod (405) is hinged to the second vertical plate (302) through the second power drive component (406). The top of the top rod (405) is in contact with the inner wall of the top hatch (20).

2. The roof opening and closing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first power drive component (401) is a screw jack, the drive end (4011) is a screw, the screw jack also includes a rotating body (4012) and an input shaft, the rotating body (4012) is connected to the column (30), and the input shaft drives the screw to rise and fall through the rotating body (4012).

3. The roof opening and closing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The input shafts of multiple screw jacks on multiple opening and closing devices located on the same side are connected by a first longitudinal link (4013).

4. A rail vehicle body, characterized in that, include: Two side walls (10) and two top hatches (20) symmetrically arranged between the tops of the two side walls (10) along the length of the rail vehicle body. At least one roof opening / closing device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 is provided between the side wall (10) and the top hatch (20) located on the same side.

5. The rail vehicle body according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rail vehicle body also includes at least one locking device (50), which includes a first locking drive assembly (501) and a second locking drive assembly (502) respectively symmetrically arranged on the inner walls of the two top hatches (20). A first locking rod is connected to one end of the first locking drive assembly (501) that is close to the second locking drive assembly (502), and the first locking rod is provided with a pin hole; a second locking rod is connected to one end of the second locking drive assembly (502) that is close to the first locking drive assembly (501), and the second locking rod is axially adapted to the pin hole, so that when the second locking drive assembly (502) extends, the second locking rod can be inserted into the pin hole.

6. The rail vehicle body according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rail vehicle body also includes: The first wire rope winding machine (601) is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the first locking drive assembly (501). The first wire rope is wound on the first wire rope winding machine (601), and the working end of the first wire rope is connected to the first locking rod. The second wire rope winding machine (602) is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the second locking drive assembly (502). The second wire rope is wound on the second wire rope winding machine (602), and the working end of the second wire rope is connected to the second locking rod.

7. The rail vehicle body according to claim 6, characterized in that, The input shafts of the plurality of first wire rope winding machines (601) are connected to each other by a second longitudinal connecting rod, and the input shafts of the plurality of second wire rope winding machines (602) are connected to each other by a third longitudinal connecting rod; A third power drive assembly is connected to the second longitudinal link, and a fourth power drive assembly is connected to the third longitudinal link.

8. A rail vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a running gear and a rail vehicle body as described in any one of claims 4 to 7, which is disposed above the running gear.

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