Field passive portable all-day water collecting device

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of field passive portable water collection device, belong to energy utilization technical field.It includes water collection pool, water storage pool, support and water absorption body;Water storage pool is coaxially located in water collection pool;Support is umbrella, the top surface of support umbrella face is equipped with coating, the lower end of support umbrella stem is fixed in water storage pool;Coating includes from bottom to top sequentially aluminum layer, silicon dioxide layer, vanadium dioxide layer and alumina layer;Water absorption body is umbrella, material is hydrophilic porous material, the umbrella face of water absorption body is fixed to the bottom surface of support umbrella face, and water absorption stem is located in water storage pool.The device can be self-adaptively realized solar light and heat water collection and night sky radiation refrigeration water collection, in daytime, water in water storage pool evaporates to obtain water vapor, and water vapor condenses and flows into water collection pool;At night, water vapor in atmosphere condenses on the surface of coating, and flows into water collection pool;The water production of all day is more than 2kg·m ‑2 ·day ‑1 , effectively improve all-day water collection efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, and specifically relates to a technology based on sky radiation refrigeration, solar light-heat conversion and fresh water resource acquisition. BACKGROUND

[0002] Water shortage and drinking water safety are common problems faced by human society. About 2.2 billion people worldwide cannot access safe drinking water, with the most populous regions being sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. In order to alleviate this problem, the atmosphere, which is six times the total amount of global rivers, becomes a sustainable water source. Morning dew is the pure water that plants obtain from the atmosphere, which utilizes the principle of sky radiation refrigeration. Sky radiation refrigeration is a passive refrigeration method that uses the low temperature of space as a heat sink to transfer heat to space through the "atmospheric window" to achieve the radiative cooling of the earth's surface. A material that can cool below the dew point at night in a high humidity environment can absorb water from the atmosphere to obtain pure water. In addition, people have long learned the technology of obtaining pure condensed water using sunlight, which utilizes the solar light-heat conversion technology. Light-heat conversion is a way to convert solar radiation into heat energy for use by using a spectrally selective coating to improve solar radiation absorption and reduce mid-infrared emission. Solar energy is converted into heat energy to drive evaporation, which involves producing steam at a temperature lower than the boiling temperature, as well as producing steam at or above the boiling temperature, thereby obtaining pure condensed water.

[0003] Currently, people have invented various devices to collect water resources. In 2018, Yuan Dan et al. invented a condensed water collection device using radiation refrigeration technology. At night, atmospheric water vapor can be converted into clean and drinkable water using condensation method to alleviate the problem of water shortage to a certain extent. However, the device only works at night, causing a lot of time to be wasted. Some people believe that solar-thermal energy conversion for water purification is a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology. In recent years, solar-driven water evaporation technology has attracted widespread attention from academia and industry. In 2022, Zhang Xiansheng invented an intelligent solar interface evaporation type seawater desalination continuous collection device, which provides an effective method to solve the problem of water shortage and has a wide application prospect in the field of seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. Moreover, earlier, Han Chuanlong et al. also invented a similar device that can utilize solar energy for seawater desalination and achieve fresh water collection. Although people have made many research and inventions, the existing equipment has low energy utilization efficiency and cannot achieve continuous collection of water resources during the day and night. In order to collect pure water more efficiently, solar light-heat conversion during the day and sky radiation refrigeration at night are coupled. Solar light-heat conversion is used to collect water during the day, while sky radiation refrigeration is used to collect water at night. However, from spectral analysis, there is a spectral conflict between solar light-heat conversion materials and radiation refrigeration materials. Therefore, it is still a difficult problem to achieve efficient night water collection without losing daytime water collection performance. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to adaptively switch the daytime solar heat water collection mode and the night sky radiation refrigeration water collection mode, and continuously obtain more condensed pure water during the day and night, the present application provides a field passive portable all-day water collection device.

[0005] A field passive portable water collection device comprises a water collection pool 1, a water storage pool 3, a support 6 and a water absorbing body 5.

[0006] The water collection pool 1 and the water storage pool 3 are both cylindrical barrels, and the water storage pool 3 is coaxially located in the water collection pool 1; the diameter of the water storage pool 3 is smaller than that of the water collection pool 1, and the height of the water storage pool 3 is smaller than that of the water collection pool 1; the top of the water collection pool 1 is provided with a transparent cover plate 8.

[0007] The support 6 is umbrella-shaped, the top surface of the support umbrella surface 62 is provided with a coating 7, the support umbrella rod 61 is a support rod, the lower end of the support rod is fixedly provided in the water storage pool 3, and the support umbrella rod 61 is coaxial with the water storage pool 3; the thermal conductivity of the material of the support 6 is 0.01-0.5 W·m -1 ·K -1 ;

[0008] The coating 7 is a temperature adaptive film, which comprises, from bottom to top, an aluminum layer 71, a silicon dioxide layer 72, a vanadium dioxide layer 73 and an aluminum oxide layer 74.

[0009] The water absorbing body 5 is umbrella-shaped, the umbrella surface of the water absorbing body 5 is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the umbrella surface of the support 6, and the water absorbing rod of the water absorbing body 5 is located in the water storage pool 3; the water absorbing body 5 is a hydrophilic porous material.

[0010] The field passive portable water collection device adaptively switches the daytime solar heat and the night sky radiation refrigeration.

[0011] The coating 7 changes its spectral properties according to the changes of daytime temperature and nighttime temperature to meet the requirements of high-efficiency solar heat during the day and radiation refrigeration at night; during the day, the water in the water storage pool 3 evaporates to obtain water vapor, and the water vapor condenses and flows into the water collection pool 1; at night, the water vapor in the atmosphere condenses on the surface of the coating 7 and flows into the water collection pool 1; the water production throughout the day exceeds 2 kg·m -2 ·day -1 .

[0012] The further defined technical solutions are as follows:

[0013] The diameter of the water storage pool 3 is at least half of the diameter of the water collection pool 1, and the height of the water storage pool 3 is at least 20 cm less than the height of the water collection pool 1.

[0014] The material of the support 6 is one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyperfluoroethylene propylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and glass fiber.

[0015] The outer circumference of the support umbrella surface 62 is a downwardly curved arc-shaped drainage plate 63.

[0016] The coating layer 7 comprises, in sequence from top to bottom, an aluminum oxide layer, a vanadium dioxide layer, a silicon dioxide layer, and a metal aluminum layer.

[0017] The thickness of the aluminum oxide layer is 40 nm to 60 nm, the thickness of the vanadium dioxide layer is 180 nm to 250 nm, the thickness of the silicon dioxide layer is greater than 200 µm, and the thickness of the aluminum layer is greater than 100 nm.

[0018] The material of the water absorption body 5 is one of plant fiber, sponge, and hydrogenated cotton. The water absorption body 5 has hydrophilic groups, porosity, safety, and environmental protection, and can quickly transport sewage or seawater.

[0019] The thickness of the umbrella surface of the water absorption body 5 is 3 to 10 mm, and the diameter of the water absorption rod is 0.5 to 2 cm.

[0020] The material of the water collecting pool 1 is one of plastic, glass, ceramic, enamel, and stainless steel.

[0021] The material of the water storage pool 3 is one of polyvinyl chloride plastic, glass, ceramic, enamel, and stainless steel.

[0022] The beneficial technical effects of the present application are embodied in the following aspects:

[0023] 1. The field passive portable water collecting device of the present application realizes continuous daytime solar light and heat water collection and night radiation refrigeration water collection by means of temperature self-adaptive film. In daytime work, the temperature self-adaptive film changes into a solar light and heat mode with the temperature rising, has excellent spectral selectivity, the solar radiation band absorption rate is higher than 0.85, and at the same time the emissivity of the middle infrared band is lower than 0.3, thereby enhancing the absorption of solar radiation and reducing heat loss, obtaining high heat and temperature. The high-temperature coating will intensify the evaporation of water to obtain water vapor, and the water vapor will quickly condense into pure water when meeting the cooler water collecting pool wall and stay in the water collecting pool. At this time, the material with this spectral selection characteristic has better solar energy utilization rate than the traditional solar light and heat water collecting material.

[0024] Meanwhile, compared with the traditional solar water collection, the present application can work at night and can work in places without water source. When working at night, the temperature adaptive film changes into the radiation cooling mode with the temperature decreasing, the emissivity in the medium infrared band increases due to the phase change of vanadium dioxide, the emissivity is higher than 0.75, and the heat is dissipated to the space in the form of thermal radiation through the "atmospheric window", so that the temperature adaptive film reaches below the dew point temperature, and the water in the air will condense on the surface of the temperature adaptive film and then flow into the water collection pool.

[0025] Therefore, the present application can have higher solar energy utilization than the traditional solar water collection during the day, obtain more water vapor and condense into pure water; secondly, the present application can work at night to capture water vapor from the atmosphere and condense into liquid water that can be directly drunk. The water source in the process comes from the water in the atmosphere, without the need for additional water source, and can be widely used in deserts and other drought areas. In addition, both working modes do not need additional input energy and are clean and pollution-free.

[0026] 2. The field passive portable water collection device of the present application has a total water collection device output of more than 2 kg·m -2 ·day -1 , which is 20% higher than the efficiency of a single daytime water collection device, which shows that the device has great potential for large-scale collection of water resources. Whether in daytime mode or nighttime mode, both modes only rely on solar light and heat and radiation cooling to obtain energy, without the need for input of additional power source.

[0027] 3. The present application uses the temperature adaptive film to realize automatic switching of daytime solar light and heat water collection and nighttime radiation cooling water collection, without the need for input of additional energy or control signal, saving cost and maintenance, and can obtain pure condensed water from different water sources: sewage, seawater, and atmosphere, suitable for different environments and needs, providing a safe, reliable, and sustainable solution for areas lacking drinking water. Considering outdoor use, the structure is simple, light, easy to carry and install, and suitable for field use. The umbrella-shaped support and water absorption body can be conveniently folded and unfolded. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a daytime water collection schematic diagram of the present application.

[0029] Figure 2 is a nighttime water collection schematic diagram of the present application.

[0030] Figure 3 is a support structure schematic diagram.

[0031] Figure 4 is a coating structure schematic diagram of the present application.

[0032] Figure 5The visible spectrum of the coating of the present application.

[0033] Figure 6 The infrared spectrum of the coating of the present application.

[0034] Figure 7 The outdoor temperature variation of the coating of the present application.

[0035] In the above figure, the numbers: water collecting pool 1, condensed water 2, water storage pool 3, water 4, water absorbing body 5, support 6, support umbrella pole 61, support umbrella surface 62, arc-shaped drainage plate 63, coating 7, aluminum layer 71, silicon dioxide layer 72, vanadium dioxide layer 73, aluminum oxide layer 74, transparent cover plate 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present application will be further described by examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Referring to Figure 1 A field passive portable water collecting device includes water collecting pool 1, water storage pool 3, support 6 and water absorbing body 5.

[0039] Both the water collecting pool 1 and the water storage pool 3 are cylindrical barrels, and the water storage pool 3 is coaxially located in the water collecting pool 1; the top of the water collecting pool 1 is covered with a transparent cover plate 8.

[0040] The material of the water collecting pool 1 is glass with a wall thickness of 4mm, and it is chemically stable, used for collecting condensed water, collecting the condensed water on the wall surface during the day and collecting the condensed water on the coating 7 at night.

[0041] The material of the water storage pool 3 is glass with a wall thickness of 4mm, and it is chemically stable, used for providing water source for evaporation, including river water, sea water and water that cannot be directly quoted.

[0042] The diameter of the water storage pool 3 is half of the diameter of the water collecting pool 1, and the height of the water storage pool 3 is 20cm less than the height of the water collecting pool 1.

[0043] The material of the transparent cover plate 8 is 0.1mm polyethylene film, which prevents the water vapor evaporated during the day from escaping and provides a good optical transmittance, with a transmittance of 0.95 in the solar radiation band of 300nm-2500nm.

[0044] Referring to Figure 3 The support 6 is umbrella-shaped, the top surface of the support umbrella surface 62 is coated with the coating 7, and the outer circumference of the support umbrella surface 62 is the arc-shaped drainage plate 63 that is downwardly curved; the support umbrella pole 61 is a support pole, the lower end of the support pole is fixedly installed in the water storage pool 3, and the support umbrella pole 61 is coaxial with the water storage pool 3. The material of the support 6 is aluminum with a thermal conductivity of 0.01-0.5W·m -1 ·K-1 Polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0045] See Figure 4 The coating 7 is a temperature-adaptive thin film, comprising, from bottom to top, an aluminum layer 71 with a thickness of 100 nm, a silicon dioxide layer 72 with a thickness of 0.5 mm, a vanadium dioxide layer 73 with a thickness of 200 nm, and an aluminum oxide layer 74 with a thickness of 50 nm.

[0046] See Figure 5 and Figure 6 The coating 7 at high temperatures exhibits an absorptivity of 0.89 for solar radiation in the 300nm-2500nm wavelength range and an emissivity of 0.21 for the mid-infrared band (5000nm-20000nm); at low temperatures, the coating 7 exhibits a mid-infrared emissivity of 0.75. See also... Figure 7 In outdoor experiments, coating 7 achieved a stagnant temperature of 97°C during the day, providing a heat source for the water in the evaporation reservoir. At night, coating 7's stagnant temperature was 7°C lower than the ambient temperature, providing a cold source for the condensation of water in the air.

[0047] See Figure 1 The absorbent body 5 is umbrella-shaped, and its umbrella surface is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the umbrella surface of the bracket 6. The absorbent rod of the absorbent body 5 is located inside the water storage tank 3. The absorbent body 5 is made of absorbent sponge, the umbrella surface of the absorbent body 5 is 2cm thick, and the absorbent rod is 1cm in diameter and 10cm in length. The function of the absorbent body 5 is to store liquid and guide the liquid in the water storage tank 3 to the area below the coating 7.

[0048] The water in reservoir 3 is river water.

[0049] The working principle of this invention is explained in detail below:

[0050] See Figure 5 Coating 7 achieves an absorptivity of 0.85 in the solar band during the day, while reducing infrared emissivity to below 0.3. This maximizes heat absorption while minimizing heat loss. See also... Figure 6 The emissivity of coating 7 in the mid-infrared band increases to 0.75 at night, enhancing thermal radiation and allowing heat to dissipate into outer space through atmospheric windows. Coating 7 exhibits different spectral characteristics during the day and night, and can change its spectral characteristics according to the temperature changes of the coating material to meet the requirements of high-efficiency solar thermal energy during the day and radiative cooling at night.

[0051] See Figure 1 During the day, coating 7 enhances thermal radiation properties, accelerating water evaporation to produce water vapor. This water vapor rapidly condenses into pure water upon contact with the cooler inner wall of the collection tank 1, flowing into the collection tank 1. See also... Figure 2At night, the coating 7 will change its spectral properties with the decrease of temperature, and obtain a temperature lower than the dew point. The water vapor in the atmosphere will condense on the surface of the coating 7 like dew, and then flow into the water collecting pool 1.

[0052] The water collecting performance of the device is tested. The device relies on the self-adaptive switching of the daytime solar light and heat and the night sky radiation refrigeration of the coating 7 to realize all-day water collecting. The test results show that during the day, the device realizes heating the seawater 4 in the water storage pool 3 to about 80℃, and transports the seawater 4 to the lower part of the coating 7 for evaporation through the water absorbing body 5. The salt and impurities in the seawater 4 are filtered out to produce pure water vapor. The water vapor encounters the cooler inner pool wall surface of the water collecting pool 1 after passing through the transparent cover plate 8 and condenses into pure water, and flows into the water collecting pool 1. At night, the device realizes the radiation refrigeration effect of the coating 7 on the deep space, and reduces the surface temperature of the coating 7 to about -10℃, which is lower than the dew point temperature of the atmosphere. At this time, the water vapor in the atmosphere will condense on the surface of the coating 7 like dew, and flow into the water collecting pool 1 along the arc-shaped drainage plate 63. After 24 hours of continuous operation, the device realizes collecting about 4.2g of pure water from the seawater 4 and the atmosphere, which is equivalent to collecting about 2.1 kg of pure water per square meter per day, and improves the efficiency by about 20% compared with the prior art.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] The difference from example 1 is that the selected materials are different. The materials of the water collecting pool 1 and the water storage pool 3 are replaced with polyvinyl chloride plastic with flexible characteristics, which is convenient to fold and carry.

[0055] The heat conductivity coefficient of the water absorbing body 5 is 0.1 W·m -1 ·K -1 The material of the water absorbing body 5 is replaced with polyester fiber with hydrophilic groups, porosity, and safety and environmental protection. The umbrella surface thickness of the water absorbing body 5 is 6mm, and the diameter of the water absorbing rod is 0.8cm.

[0056] The water 4 in the water storage pool 3 is selected as domestic sewage instead of seawater.

[0057] The water collecting performance test of the device is carried out, and the test result shows that in the daytime, the domestic sewage in the water storage pool 3 is heated to about 80 DEG C by the device, and is transported to the lower part of the coating 7 for evaporation by the water absorbing body 5. The organic matter and inorganic matter in the domestic sewage are filtered out, and pure water vapor is generated. The water vapor encounters the inner wall surface of the relatively cold water collecting pool 1 after passing through the transparent cover plate 8 and is condensed into pure water 2 and flows into the water collecting pool 1. In the night, the device realizes the radiative cooling effect of the coating 7 on the deep space, and the surface temperature of the coating 7 is reduced to about -8 DEG C, which is lower than the dew point temperature of the atmosphere. At this time, the water vapor in the atmosphere will condense into dew on the surface of the coating 7, and flow into the water collecting pool 1 along the arc-shaped drainage plate 63. After 24 hours of continuous operation, the device realizes the collection of about 4.0 g of pure water from domestic sewage and atmosphere, which is equivalent to the collection of about 2.0 kg of pure water per square meter per day, and the efficiency is increased by about 15% compared with the prior art.

Claims

1. A field passive portable water collection device, characterized by: It comprises a water collecting pool (1), a water storage pool (3), a support (6) and a water absorbing body (5). The water collecting pool (1) and the water storage pool (3) are both cylindrical barrel-shaped, the water storage pool (3) is coaxially located in the water collecting pool (1); the diameter of the water storage pool (3) is smaller than that of the water collecting pool (1), and the height of the water storage pool (3) is smaller than that of the water collecting pool (1); the top of the water collecting pool (1) is provided with a transparent cover plate (8). The support (6) is umbrella-shaped, the top surface of the support umbrella surface (62) is provided with a coating (7), the support umbrella rod (61) is a support rod, the lower end of the support rod is fixedly arranged in the water storage pool (3), and the support umbrella rod (61) is coaxial with the water storage pool (3); the thermal conductivity coefficient of the support (6) material is 0.01-0.5 W·m -1 ·K -1 ; The coating (7) is a temperature self-adaptive film, which comprises, from bottom to top, an aluminum layer (71), a silicon dioxide layer (72), a vanadium dioxide layer (73) and an aluminum oxide layer (74). The thickness of the aluminum oxide layer is 40 nm-60 nm, the thickness of the vanadium dioxide layer is 180 nm-250 nm, the thickness of the silicon dioxide layer is greater than 200 µm, and the thickness of the aluminum layer is greater than 100 nm. The water absorbing body (5) is umbrella-shaped, the umbrella surface of the water absorbing body (5) is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the umbrella surface of the support (6), and the water absorbing rod of the water absorbing body (5) is located in the water storage pool (3); the water absorbing body (5) is a hydrophilic porous material. The field passive portable water collecting device adaptively switches between solar light heat during the day and sky radiation refrigeration at night. The coating (7) changes its spectral properties according to the changes of daytime and nighttime temperatures to meet the requirements of high-efficiency solar light and heat during the day and radiation cooling at night; during the day, water in the water pool (3) evaporates to obtain water vapor, which condenses and flows into the water collection pool (1); at night, water vapor in the atmosphere condenses on the surface of the coating (7) and flows into the water collection pool (1); the water production throughout the day exceeds 2kg·m -2 ·day -1 .

2. The field passive portable water collection device of claim 1, wherein: The diameter of the water storage pool (3) is at least one-half of the diameter of the water collecting pool (1), and the height of the water storage pool (3) is at least 20 cm less than the height of the water collecting pool (1).

3. The field passive portable water collection device of claim 1, wherein: The material of the support (6) is one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyperfluoroethylene propylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and glass fiber.

4. The field passive portable water collection device of claim 1, wherein: The outer circumference of the support umbrella surface (62) is a downwardly curved arc-shaped drainage plate (63).

5. The field passive portable water collection device of claim 1, wherein: The material of the water absorbing body (5) is one of plant fiber, sponge and hydrogenated cotton.

6. The field passive portable water collection device of claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the umbrella surface of the water absorbing body (5) is 3-10 mm, and the diameter of the water absorbing rod is 0.5-2 cm.

7. The field passive portable water collection device of claim 1, wherein: The material of the water collecting pool (1) is one of plastic, glass, ceramic, enamel and stainless steel.

8. The field passive portable water collection device of claim 1, wherein: The material of the water storage pool (3) is one of polyvinyl chloride plastic, glass, ceramic, enamel and stainless steel.

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