Optically variable security element and value document having the same

Abstract

The invention relates to an optically variable security element having a motif area, wherein an optically variable motif having a motif shape is visible to an observer in the motif area at at least one first viewing angle, and the optically variable motif comprises a substructure which is visible to an observer, wherein the substructure is a submotif which is visible to an observer having a submotif shape, the submotifs have the same submotif shape, and the submotif shape corresponds to the motif shape.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to an optically variable security element having a motif visible to an observer, which comprises as sub-motifs visible sub-structures. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a value document having an optically variable security element. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

[0002] Optically variable security elements, for example on banknotes, are known from the prior art. Depending on the viewing angle, the observer obtains different optical impressions. Different viewing angles can be achieved by tilting the optically variable element or the value document having the optically variable element around an axis while keeping the viewing direction of the observer and the illumination direction of the optically variable element constant.

[0003] WO 2020 / 011391 A1 and WO 2020 / 011390 A1 relate to relief structures located at two different heights, each having a color coating. Thus, depending on the viewing angle, at least two motifs and / or effects of the respective micro-mirror relief structures with two (or more) different color coating colors are generated independently of each other. Each of the two color coatings - or, if applicable, an intermediate layer - can be provided in different color and / or non-color colors (or gray scales), for example printed. This multi-color coating is particularly suitable for reflective relief structures or refractive relief structures. Furthermore, in DE 10 2020 000 732 A1, which uses a high refractive index, HRI, color layer, this multi-color color layer can also be used, which is provided locally in different colors. It can also be used as an intermediate layer or as a subsequent layer of the (first or second) relief.

[0004] WO 2012 / 084182 A2 relates to an optically variable security element having one motif, wherein the motif comprises a plurality of sub-structures extending over the motif and having alternating light and dark sub-regions. In WO 2012 / 084182 A2, the motif is formed by the perceptible sub-structures at certain viewing angles, while the sub-structures themselves are not the motif. The good contrast achieved by the sub-structures over a large solid angle facilitates authenticity checks by an observer or user and can further improve the security of value documents with the security element. SUMMARY

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide an optically variable security element which achieves an improved security and whose authenticity is easily checked by an observer.

[0006] This technical problem is solved by an optically variable security element.

[0007] The optically variable security element comprises a motif area. An optically variable motif having a motif shape is visible to an observer in the motif area at at least one first viewing angle. The optically variable motif comprises substructures which are visible to the observer. The substructures are visible submotifs having a submotif shape to the observer. The submotifs have the same submotif shape. The submotif shape corresponds to the motif shape.

[0008] A security element can be applied on an object in order to enable verification of the authenticity of the object. Such an object can be, for example, a check, a bank card, a document, a certificate, an identity card, clothing (a label of clothing) or a banknote.

[0009] By forming a motif from submotifs corresponding to the motif, the authenticity of a security having the security element can be particularly well and easily identified. For example, a motif which at first glance can be a geometric motif, for example a square or a triangle, or another motif, for example an apple, is identified by the observer as a motif. If the observer finds the corresponding motif in the submotifs which make up the motif, the observer can easily and reliably check the authenticity of the valuable object. The motifs can be easily perceived by the observer and compared to other motifs, even if they have different sizes. For example, for the linear substructures of WO 2012 / 084182 A2, it is more difficult for the observer to judge whether the perceived substructures correspond to the structure envisaged by the manufacturer, and thus the authenticity check by the observer gives only to a limited extent.

[0010] The security element can provide an optical impression or, respectively, a visual impression to the observer (person) without any auxiliary means, such that the observer can optically perceive the authenticity of the object having the security element without any auxiliary means. Optical security elements are particularly suitable for simple or everyday authenticity checks. The optical impression can be perceived in the wavelength range of 400 nanometers to 780 nanometers.

[0011] In the case of an optically variable security element, the observer who wishes to carry out an authenticity check produces different optical impressions depending on the viewing angle, the viewing direction, the side of the security element or the type of viewing (overhead or distant view). Thus, the security element can convey a first optical impression at a first viewing angle and a second optical impression at a second viewing angle, wherein the first optical impression and the second optical impression are different.

[0012] The security element can be connected to the object to be protected, for example a banknote or a precursor of a banknote, for example as a patch or a strip. The security element can be planar. The area of the security element can be up to 5000 mm 2 , preferably up to 2500 mm 2 , preferably up to 1500 mm 2 , preferably up to 1000 mm2 .

[0013] The security element can have a length that is at least five times larger than its width, preferably at least ten times larger. The security element can have a width of at least 1 mm.

[0014] The security element can be provided as a line, a stripe or a patch.

[0015] The security paper can be a precursor of a value document. The security paper can be a paper that has not yet been completely printed. The security paper can comprise at least one security element, at least one window and / or at least one security feature.

[0016] The security element can be applied to a value document or a security paper. The security element can extend from one side of the value document or the security paper to the other side of the value document or the security paper. The sides can be a number of sides that are opposite to each other. The length of the security element can be equal to the width or the height of the value document or the security paper.

[0017] The security element can be at least partially contained in a value document or a security paper. The security element can be introduced in a value document or a security paper in such a way that part of the security element is visible to an observer and part of the security element is not visible to an observer. The security element can be introduced in a value document or a security paper in such a way that part of the security element is covered by the value document or the security paper and part of the security element is not covered by the value document or the security paper.

[0018] A motif (or motif pattern) is particularly suitable as a visual impression. In this case, the motif can have a motif shape that is perceivable by an observer. For example, the motif shape is a circle, a square or an apple.

[0019] The motif shape can be a shape of a geometric figure. In particular, the motif shape is a circle or a polygon. The polygon can be a triangle, a quadrangle, in particular a rectangle, a rhombus or a square, but also a hexagon.

[0020] The motif can have a contour. The contour can be an outer contour. By means of the contour, the motif can be (optically) delimited with respect to its surrounding area. The contour can surround an inner portion of the motif.

[0021] The motif can be visible in a motif area of the security element. The motif area can have an area that is equal to an area of the security element. The motif area can have an area that is at most 95%, preferably at most 90%, preferably at most 75%, preferably at most 50%, preferably at most 30%, preferably at most 20% of an area of the security element.

[0022] The motif can be a motif that has a maximum perceivable motif extension within the motif area.

[0023] For example, the security element can define an x-y plane having an x-direction and a y-direction. The subject matter can have a greatest extension in one direction compared to all perceivable subject matter. The subject matter can have a greatest extension in the x-direction compared to all perceivable subject matter. Alternatively, the subject matter can have a greatest extension in the y-direction compared to all perceivable subject matter. The subject matter can have a greatest extension in the x-direction and in the y-direction compared to all perceivable subject matter. The subject matter can have a greatest area in the x-y plane compared to all perceivable subject matter.

[0024] The at least first viewing angle can be within a first viewing angle range. The viewing angle range can comprise a range of at most 40°, preferably at most 30°, preferably at most 20°, preferably at most 10°.

[0025] The subject matter is optically variable. Thus, depending on the viewing angle, the observer can have different optical impressions of the subject matter. Alternatively or in addition, the observer can have different optical impressions of the subject matter depending on the direction of viewing. Alternatively or in addition, the observer can have different optical impressions of the subject matter depending on the side of the security element. Alternatively or in addition, the observer can have different optical impressions of the subject matter depending on the type of viewing (overhead or distant view).

[0026] The visible sub-structures of the subject matter can be optically perceived individually by an observer. A sub-structure can be optically perceived individually if it can be distinguished from another structure by the human eye.

[0027] The subject matter can comprise at least two sub-structures, preferably at least three sub-structures, preferably at least four sub-structures, preferably at least five sub-structures, preferably at least ten sub-structures, preferably at least fifteen sub-structures, preferably at least twenty sub-structures.

[0028] Each of the sub-structures can have a smaller perceivable extension in the subject matter area than the subject matter.

[0029] Each sub-structure can have an area in the x-y plane which is smaller than the area of the subject matter. In particular, the area of each sub-structure can be at most 50%, preferably at most 25%, preferably at most 15%, preferably at most 10%, preferably at most 7%, preferably at most 5%, preferably at most 3% of the area of the subject matter.

[0030] Generally, the surface of the subject matter can be a surface which is enclosed (contained) by the contour of the subject matter, in particular in the x-y plane of the security element. The contour can be an outer contour.

[0031] Generally, a region of a structure can be a region enclosed by a contour of the structure, in particular in the x-y plane of the security element. The contour can be an outer contour.

[0032] Generally, a motif can have a bright perceptible contour. The inner part of the motif enclosed by the contour can be dark perceptible.

[0033] At a given viewing angle, under non-diffuse illumination, e.g. by the sun or a point light source, a segment perceptible as bright shows a higher relative reflected light intensity than a segment perceptible as dark.

[0034] The relative reflected light intensity is the ratio of the reflected light intensity to the incident light intensity. If the light is reflected completely by the light source, the relative reflected light intensity is 100%.

[0035] The relative reflected light intensity in a segment perceptible as bright can be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 50% larger than the relative reflected light intensity in a segment perceptible as dark. The percentage can be a percentage.

[0036] A sub-motif of a motif is a sub-motif having a sub-motif shape. By perceptibly including perceptible (visible) sub-motifs in a motif region of a security element, the authenticity of the security element can be particularly well verified by an observer.

[0037] The sub-motifs have the same sub-motif shape. At least two of all sub-motifs of the sub-motifs of the motif, at least 50% of all sub-motifs of the sub-motifs of the motif, or all sub-motifs of the sub-motifs of the motif can have the same shape as the motif (motif shape).

[0038] Motifs having the same motif shape can form a superposition or said overlap. In particular, motifs having the same motif shape can superimpose without changing the theme, e.g. without magnification or central stretching.

[0039] The sub-motif shape of a sub-motif corresponds to the motif shape of the motif. Therein, at least two of all sub-motifs of the sub-motifs of the motif, at least 50% of all sub-motifs of the sub-motifs of the motif, or the sub-motif shape of all sub-motifs of the sub-motifs of the motif can correspond to the shape of the motif (motif shape).

[0040] Two motifs having a respective shape can superimpose by magnification or by central stretching of one of the motifs.

[0041] For example, the motif shape and the sub-motif shape can each be a square. The edge length of the square sub-motif can be smaller than the edge length of the square motif shape. By magnification or central stretching, the sub-motif can coincide with the motif.

[0042] When enlarged or stretched from the center, all aspect ratios and angular ratios of the shape can be preserved.

[0043] Generally, if the surface of the subject matter, for example, the surface of the subject matter surrounded by the corresponding outline of the subject matter, is 80%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, preferably at least 92%, preferably at least 94%, preferably at least 96%, preferably at least 98%, preferably at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, preferably at least 99.5%, preferably at least 99.8%, preferably completely covered, then the two subjects are overlapped.

[0044] The optically variable subject can have a profile. The profile can be an external profile. The profile can surround or enclose the internal parts of the optically variable subject.

[0045] The outline of the subject matter can be seen by the observer through alternating sections of light and dark. Alternatively, the outline of the subject matter can be seen by the observer through a continuous section of light.

[0046] Multiple bright sections of the main subject's outline, or a single bright section of the main subject's outline, can be bright sections of sub-subjects.

[0047] Along the contour, alternating light and dark sections can have different lengths. For example, a light section can have a greater length than the subsequent dark section. Furthermore, a dark section can have a greater length than the subsequent light section.

[0048] Along the contour, alternating light and dark segments can have the same length. For example, a light segment can have the same length as a subsequent dark segment.

[0049] Along the contour, the extension of alternating light and dark portions can be periodic. For example, a first bright portion can have a first length extension, a subsequent first dark portion has a second length extension, a subsequent second bright portion has a third length extension, and a subsequent second dark portion has a fourth length extension. The first length extension of the first bright portion can be equal to the third length extension of the second bright portion. The second length extension of the first dark portion can be equal to the fourth length extension of the second dark portion. The first length extension of the first bright portion can be different from the second length extension of the first dark portion. The first length extension of the first bright portion can be different from the fourth length extension of the second dark portion. The third length extension of the second bright portion can be different from the second length extension of the first dark portion. The third length extension of the second bright portion can be different from the fourth length extension of the second dark portion.

[0050] Sub-themes can be seen along the outline of the main theme.

[0051] There may be gaps between sub-subjects that follow the outline of the main subject. Sub-subjects along the outline may be spaced apart or not in contact. Sub-subjects may be in contact with each other along the outline of the main subject. There may be no gaps between sub-subjects that follow the outline of the main subject.

[0052] The longitudinal extension of the gap can be the shortest distance between two sub-primaries in one direction, especially in the x or y direction.

[0053] The outline of the main subject can be formed at least partially, and preferably entirely, by sub-subjects. The outline of the main subject can be formed segmentally by sub-subjects.

[0054] The sub-subject can form the outline of the main subject. Preferably, the sub-subject forms the outline of the main subject and has the maximum distance from the interior of the main subject.

[0055] The outline of the main subject can be formed in such a way that it encompasses the largest possible surface area and is formed by portions of sub-subjects. Between the sub-subjects, the extensions (or curves) of the sub-subject portions that constitute the outline can be straight lines or have the same curvature.

[0056] When the perspective changes, the subject matter preferably exhibits a motion effect.

[0057] In motion effects, the main subject can change its size, shape, position, and / or rotation, especially depending on the viewpoint.

[0058] Preferably, the main body material changes its size when the viewing angle is changed within a certain viewing range.

[0059] The maximum field of view is 40°, preferably 30°, preferably 20°, and preferably 10°.

[0060] In at least one second viewpoint, the optically variable subject can be visible over a smaller area than in the first viewpoint. The first and second viewpoints can be different perspectives.

[0061] First-person and second-person perspectives can be within the field of view.

[0062] The transition from a first-person perspective to a second-person perspective can be achieved by tilting the safety element around an axis located within the plane defined by the safety element.

[0063] The surface of the main material can be a surface surrounded or closed by the main contour.

[0064] By tilting the safety element, especially within the field of view, the motion effect can be perceived by the observer. The motion effect can be continuous.

[0065] By continuously tilting the safety element, especially within the field of view, the area of ​​the optically variable subject can be perceived in a continuously decreasing manner.

[0066] In a second perspective, the subject matter may include visible sub-subjects. Typically, in other perspectives that differ from each other, the subject matter may include visible sub-subjects.

[0067] The area of ​​each sub-subject in the second perspective can be the same as the area of ​​each sub-subject in the first perspective. The area of ​​each sub-subject in another perspective can be the same as the area of ​​each sub-subject in the previous perspective. In this case, at least three, preferably at least four, preferably at least five, and preferably at least ten different (especially second) perspectives can be considered.

[0068] The area of ​​each sub-subject in the second perspective can be smaller than the area of ​​each sub-subject in the first perspective. The area of ​​each sub-subject in another perspective can be smaller than the area of ​​each sub-subject in the previous perspective. In this case, at least three, preferably at least four, preferably at least five, and preferably at least ten different (especially second) perspectives can be considered.

[0069] The area of ​​a sub-subject can be defined by its outline. The outline of a sub-subject can surround or enclose a surface.

[0070] The outline of a sub-subject can be roughly similar to that of the main subject. Therefore, a sub-subject can appear in the position of the main subject, and a sub-sub-subject can appear in the position of the sub-subject. Sub-sub-subjects may be visible to the observer, or may only be visible after magnification (using a magnifying glass).

[0071] The number of sub-themes in the second perspective can be the same as the number of sub-themes in the first perspective. The number of each sub-theme in another (or further) perspective can be the same as the number of each sub-theme in the previous perspective. Specifically, at least three, preferably at least four, and preferably at least five sub-themes can be seen in the first and / or second perspectives.

[0072] The number of sub-subjects in the second perspective can be less than the number of sub-subjects in the first perspective. The number of each sub-subject in another (second) perspective can be less than the number of each sub-subject in the previous perspective. Specifically, at least three, preferably at least four, and preferably at least five sub-subjects can be seen in the first and / or second perspectives.

[0073] In a first and / or second perspective, multiple sub-subjects are visible in order to represent the subject matter. The number of sub-subjects of the subject matter can be at most 30, preferably 24, and most preferably 16. Preferably, sub-subjects between 3 and 30, more preferably between 3 and 24, and even more preferably between 3 and 16 can be visible in the first and / or second perspective. This number takes into account that more than one or more subject matters can exist on a single security element.

[0074] The ratio between the main subject and each sub-subject can be the same (constant) from different perspectives. The size ratio can be an integer or a non-integer. The size ratio can be an integer and greater than 1. The size ratio can be at least 3, preferably at least 4, preferably at least 5, and preferably at least 6. Preferably, the size ratio is in the range of 3 to 10, preferably in the range of 3 to 8, and preferably in the range of 4 to 6.

[0075] The size ratio can be 4.0±0.5, 5.0±0.5 or 6.0±0.5, preferably 4.0±0.3, 5.0±0.3 or 6.0±0.3, preferably 4.0±0.2, 5.0±0.2 or 6.0±0.2, preferably 4.0±0.1, 5.0±0.1 or 6.0±0.1.

[0076] The ratio between the main theme and each sub-theme can be variable (not constant) depending on the perspective.

[0077] The size ratio can be defined as (ni*c):1, where n can be an integer and / or i can be an integer. c represents the viewpoint, with c = 0, 1, 2, ... representing the first, second, third... viewpoints. For example, in the first viewpoint, c equals 0; in the second viewpoint, c equals 1; in the third viewpoint, c equals 2, and so on. A constant angular difference can exist between the viewpoints considered.

[0078] i can be between 0.5 and 5.0, preferably between 0.5 and 4.0, preferably between 0.5 and 3.5, preferably between 0.5 and 2.5, preferably between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably between 0.7 and 1.3, and preferably between 0.9 and 1.1. Particularly preferred is i equal to 1.

[0079] n can be at least 3, preferably at least 4, preferably at least 5, and preferably at least 6. n can be in the range of 3 to 10, preferably from 3 to 8, and preferably from 4 to 6. n can be 4.0±0.5, 5.0±0.5, or 6.0±0.5, preferably 4.0±0.3, 5.0±0.3, or 6.0±0.3, preferably 4.0±0.2, 5.0±0.2, or 6.0±0.2, and preferably 4.0±0.1, 5.0±0.1, or 6.0±0.1.

[0080] Typically, the dimensional ratio can be determined by the ratio of the (maximum) extension of the main body in one direction (e.g., the x-direction or y-direction) to the (maximum) extension of the sub-body in the same direction on a plane defined by the safety element. The dimensional ratio can be the ratio of the perimeter of the main body to the perimeter of the sub-body, and more specifically, the ratio of each sub-body. The perimeter can be determined by the corresponding profile.

[0081] The shape of the subject matter can correspond to different viewpoints. In the first viewpoint, the subject matter can have a specific shape; in the second viewpoint, the subject matter can also have a specific shape. The shape of the subject matter in the first viewpoint can correspond to the shape of the subject matter in the second viewpoint.

[0082] Each sub-topic can contain sub-sub-topics. Each sub-topic can contain an outline. The outline can surround the interior portion of the corresponding sub-topic.

[0083] Sub-sub-themes can be seen along the outline of the corresponding sub-themes, or they can be identified after magnification.

[0084] The outline of a sub-sub ...

[0085] Each sub-sub-theme can have a sub-sub-theme shape. A sub-sub-theme shape can correspond to a sub-theme shape. A sub-sub-theme shape can correspond to a main theme shape.

[0086] A safety element can define an xy-plane. The xy-plane can include the x-axis and the y-axis. By tilting an optically variable safety element about the x-axis, a transition from a first viewpoint to a second viewpoint can be achieved. A transition from a third viewpoint, particularly each of the first, second, or further second viewpoints, to a fourth viewpoint can be achieved by tilting an optically variable safety element about the y-axis.

[0087] Preferably, the main subject changes when tilted about the x-axis, but does not change when tilted about the y-axis. The viewpoint dependence of the sub-subject is chosen such that the main subject displayed by the sub-subject is completely unchangingly visible to the observer (despite the changes in the sub-subject).

[0088] In a third-person perspective, the sub-subject can have a size, and in a fourth-person perspective, the sub-subject can also have a size, wherein the size of the sub-subject in the third-person perspective can be different from the size of the sub-subject in the fourth-person perspective. Preferably, the size of the sub-subject in the third-person perspective is larger than the size of the sub-subject in the fourth-person perspective.

[0089] From a third-person perspective, a sub-subject can have a ratio of light to dark areas; from a fourth-person perspective, a sub-subject can have a ratio of light to dark areas. The ratio of light to dark areas in the third-person perspective can differ from the ratio of light to dark areas in the fourth-person perspective. Preferably, the ratio of light to dark areas in the third-person perspective is greater than the ratio of light to dark areas in the fourth-person perspective.

[0090] In a third-person perspective, the sub-subject can have an area; in a fourth-person perspective, the sub-subject can also have an area. The area of ​​the sub-subject in the third-person perspective can be the same as the area of ​​the sub-subject in the fourth-person perspective. Preferably, when tilted about the y-axis, the sub-subject changes, for example, in size, position, or degree of rotation, but its area remains unchanged. Preferably, when tilted about the y-axis, the sub-subject changes, but the total area of ​​the sub-subject does not change. This variation is particularly advantageous because the area of ​​the sub-subject (i.e., the bright luminous portion) determines the visible brightness of the main subject.

[0091] By tilting around the y-axis, the observer can see the motion effects of several sub-themes. By tilting around the y-axis, the motion effects of most sub-themes can be seen by the observer. By tilting around the y-axis, the observer can see the motion effects of each sub-theme.

[0092] The motion effect of the sub-subject can be the same as that of the main subject. The motion effect can be a change in size, such as a pumping effect, or an increase in the thickness of the corresponding sub-subject's outline. Alternatively, in the motion effect, the sub-subject can be seen moving along the outline of the main subject.

[0093] In the pumping effect, by tilting about an axis in one direction, the subject matter (sub-subject matter) can be seen to alternately increase and decrease in size. In the pumping effect, the decrease and / or increase in size can be relatively small compared to other dimensional changes.

[0094] When tilted around the second axis, the changes in sub-themes are designed to allow the observer to see an unchanging main theme.

[0095] First-person perspective is different from second-person perspective. Third-person perspective is different from fourth-person perspective. First, second, third, and fourth-person perspectives can be different perspectives.

[0096] The optically variable safety element may include a component consisting of directional reflective microreflectors. The microreflectors are preferably non-diffractive microreflectors. The microreflectors may be micromirrors. A preferred microreflector is a micromirror with an inclined surface.

[0097] Optically variable safety elements can include components of microreflectors that generate main and sub-subjects for the observer based on the viewing angle. The microreflector can be a micromirror.

[0098] The components of a microreflector may include an embossed structure with a coating that enhances reflection.

[0099] The components of a microreflector may include an embossed structure with a metallic coating.

[0100] The components of a microreflector may include an embossed enamel layer.

[0101] The size of each microreflector, especially the maximum width of each microreflector, can be between 2µm and 300µm, preferably between 3µm and 100µm, and more preferably between 5µm and 50µm.

[0102] Microreflectors, particularly micromirrors, can be designed according to the description in DE 10 200 5 061 749 A1. Microreflectors, particularly micromirrors, can be produced or manufactured according to the description in DE 10 200 5 061 749 A1.

[0103] Microreflectors can be tilted or tilted relative to the plane (xy plane) defined by the safety element. Thus, light from the light source can be reflected to a point with varying intensities by different microreflectors tilted differently from the plane. By appropriately selecting the tilt of different microreflectors, the subject matter can be seen by the observer through the reflection of light. Specifically, the observer can see different subjects depending on the viewing angle.

[0104] Microreflectors can be equipped with reflective coatings or reflective enhancement coatings. Metallic coatings or high-refractive-index coatings can be applied to microreflectors. Multilayer systems (color-changing or color-filtering) can be applied to microreflectors. Microreflectors can be equipped with liquid crystal coatings.

[0105] For example, microreflectors can be fabricated in an imprintable layer (e.g., an imprintable varnish layer) using a printing process. A silver layer can be applied to or be applied to a substrate. The imprintable layer can be a thin film, particularly a thermoplastic film. The imprintable layer can be a radiation-curable varnish. The imprintable layer can have several sublayers.

[0106] Microreflectors can be overlapped with structures whose dimensions are preferably equal to or greater than one-quarter of the visible light wavelength. These structures can be referred to as subwavelength structures.

[0107] The subwavelength structure can be a periodic structure with a period in the range of 50nm to 500nm, preferably in the range of 100nm to 400nm. The subwavelength structure can also be a non-periodic structure with a width in the range of 50nm to 500nm, preferably in the range of 100nm to 400nm. Therefore, a subject can be represented in color, especially in multiple colors. For each microreflector, the color display can be adjusted or selected individually. In particular, color changes can be achieved as a view-dependent color effect. The view-dependent color effect can be combined with motion effects, especially the motion effects described herein.

[0108] The maximum width of the sub-subject matter does not exceed 5.0 mm, particularly from a first-view perspective. The maximum width of the sub-subject matter is preferably not more than 3.0 mm, more preferably not more than 2.0 mm, and more preferably not more than 1.0 mm. The maximum width of the sub-subject matter is at least 100 µm, preferably at least 200 µm. The maximum width of the sub-subject matter can be between 100 µm and 5.0 mm, preferably between 100 µm and 2.0 mm, more preferably between 200 µm and 2 mm, and more preferably between 300 µm and 1.5 mm.

[0109] Sub-sub ...

[0110] Valuable documents may include any security elements disclosed herein. Valuable documents may include checks, bank cards, documents, certificates, ID cards, clothing (clothing tags), or banknotes.

[0111] A valuable document may contain at least one other security element. This other security element may be a security element that is perceptible to an observer. This other security element may be a security element that is imperceptible to an observer. This other security element may be a machine-perceptible security element.

[0112] A valuable document may include at least one security feature. The security feature may be printed on the valuable document. The security feature may be contained within the document's base material. The security feature may be perceptible to an observer. The security feature may be imperceptible to an observer. The security feature may be machine-perceptible. Attached Figure Description

[0113] The invention, or further embodiments and advantages thereof, are further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which describe embodiments of the invention only. Identical elements in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals. These drawings should not be considered to be true scale, and individual elements may be exaggerated or simplified.

[0114] Figure 1A valuable document 100 with a security element 10 is shown;

[0115] Figure 2 The safety element 10 with the main body material 30 is shown;

[0116] Figure 3 The safety element 10 with the prominently displayed subject material 30 is shown;

[0117] Figure 4 The safety element 10 with the main body material 30 is shown;

[0118] Figure 5 The safety element 10 with the prominently displayed subject material 30 is shown;

[0119] Figure 6 A safety element 10 with sub-subject 50 and dimensions s361, s371 and s381 is shown;

[0120] Figure 7 A safety element 10 with sub-subject 50 and dimensions s401 and s411 is shown;

[0121] Figure 8a The safety element 10 is shown from a first-view perspective;

[0122] Figure 8b Safety element 10 is shown during the transition from a first-view to a second-view perspective;

[0123] Figure 8c The safety element 10 is shown from a second perspective;

[0124] Figure 8d Safety element 10 is shown during the transition from one second perspective to another.

[0125] Figure 8e The safety element 10 is shown from a further second perspective;

[0126] Figure 9a The safety element 10 is shown from a first-view perspective;

[0127] Figure 9b Safety element 10 is shown during the transition from a first-view to a second-view perspective;

[0128] Figure 9c The safety element 10 is shown from a second perspective;

[0129] Figure 9d Safety element 10 is shown during the transition from one second perspective to another.

[0130] Figure 9eThe safety element 10 is shown from a further second perspective;

[0131] Figure 10 Safety element 10 with dimensions s362, s372 and s382 is shown;

[0132] Figure 11 Safety element 10 with dimensions s402 and s412 is shown;

[0133] Figure 12a A safety element 10 with sub-subject 50 is shown;

[0134] Figure 12b An enlarged sub-subject 50 with sub-subject 70 is shown;

[0135] Figure 13a A security element 10 with sub-subject 50 is shown from one viewpoint;

[0136] Figure 13b A safety element 10 with sub-subject 50 is shown from another perspective;

[0137] Figure 13c A safety element 10 with sub-subject 50 is shown in view with dimensions s403 and s413;

[0138] Figure 13d A safety element 10 with sub-subject 50 is shown in view having dimensions s363, s373 and s383;

[0139] Figure 13e A safety element 10 with sub-subject 50 is shown from a further perspective having dimensions s404 and s414; and

[0140] Figure 13f A security element 10 with sub-subject 50 is shown in a further view having dimensions s364, s374 and s384. Detailed Implementation

[0141] Figure 1 A valuable document 100 with a security element 10 is shown. The security element 10 includes at least a subject area 20. In the subject area 20, the subject matter 30 can be (at least) visible to an observer.

[0142] For example, the valuable document 100 may be a banknote. The carrier or substrate of the valuable document 100 may include or consist of one or more layers of paper. Alternatively, the carrier or substrate of the valuable document 100 may include or consist of one or more layers of plastic. Further optionally, the carrier or substrate of the valuable document 100 may include at least a paper layer and at least one plastic layer.

[0143] The security element 10 can be applied to the carrier (or substrate) of the document 100, for example, as a security strip or security patch. Typically, the security element is provided on a transport carrier, such as a plastic film, and then (released) from the transport carrier to the carrier of the valuable document. Alternatively, the security element is introduced into the carrier of security paper, for example, as a security thread. In particular, the security element has been introduced into the carrier during the manufacturing process of the carrier, such as during the manufacturing process of the paper or foil, or between two sublayers of the carrier.

[0144] Figure 2 The safety element 10 with subject area 20 is shown in the first view.

[0145] Safety element 10 allows the definition of an xy-plane, which defines the x-axis and y-axis. The x-axis and y-axis can be oriented perpendicularly to each other. The z-axis can be perpendicular to the xy-plane.

[0146] On the safety element 10, particularly in the subject area 20, the subject matter 30 having sub-subject matter 50 is visible to the observer. The subject matter 30 having sub-subject matter 50 is visible from the first viewpoint shown in the figure.

[0147] Typically, due to display technology limitations, in the accompanying drawings, areas that appear bright to the observer in the subject area 20 are represented as black, and areas that appear dark to the observer in the subject area 20 are represented as white (bright).

[0148] The bright or dark sections of the subject area 20 can be achieved by placing micromirrors within it. The surfaces of the micromirrors can be tilted relative to the xy plane, causing them to reflect light from the light source to the observer at different intensities depending on the viewing angle.

[0149] For example, in the first part of subject area 20, the micromirrors can be tilted such that, at a certain angle, a relatively high proportion of light is reflected from the light source to the observer. In the second part of subject area 20, the micromirrors can be tilted such that, at a certain angle, a relatively small proportion of light, and in particular, no light, is reflected from the light source to the observer. The first part of subject area 20 can appear bright, or be perceived as bright by the observer. The second part of subject area 20 can appear dark, or be perceived as dark by the observer.

[0150] From different perspectives, the first part of the subject area 20 can reflect a relatively low proportion of light from the light source to the observer, while the second part of the subject area 20 can reflect a relatively high proportion of light from the light source to the observer.

[0151] The main subject 30 may have a main subject shape 31. For example, the main subject shape 31 may be a geometric shape. The sub-subject 50 may have a sub-subject shape 51 corresponding to the main subject shape 31.

[0152] The shape 31 of the main subject can be defined by the outline 32 of the main subject 30. The outline 32 of the main subject 30 can (completely) surround or enclose the surface or interior portion 33 of the main subject 30. The sub-subject 50 can be seen along the outline 32 of the main subject 30. The outline 32 of the main subject 30 can be formed by the sub-subject 50.

[0153] exist Figure 2 In the example, the main subject shape 31 is square, and the sub-subject shape 51 is also square. Sub-subject 50 is smaller than the main subject 30. Specifically, the square shape of sub-subject 50 is smaller than that of the main subject 30. Figure 2 Example sub-subject shape 51) is larger than the main subject square 30 ( Figure 2 The example subject material shape 31) has a smaller area.

[0154] Similarly, for example, the sub-subject shape 51 could be an apple, and the main subject shape 31 could be an apple. The apple of the sub-subject shape 51 could have a smaller area than the apple of the main subject shape 31. Alternatively, for example, the sub-subject shape 51 could be a circle, and the main subject shape 31 could be a circle. The circle of the sub-subject shape 51 could have a smaller area than the circle of the main subject shape 31.

[0155] The outline 32 of the subject material 30 can be perceived as a continuous line. For example, the outline 32 of the subject material 30 can be a continuous brightly visible portion of the subject material.

[0156] If the outline 32 of the main subject 30 can be perceived as a continuous line, then the sub-subjects 50 can be arranged such that there are no visible gaps 35 between the sub-subjects 50 (within the area of ​​the outline 32).

[0157] The outline 32 of the subject material 30 can be perceived by an observer as an interrupted or discontinuous line. For example, the outline 32 of the subject material 30 can alternately have segments 36 that are perceived as light and segments 38 that are perceived as dark. In this case, the segment 36 that is perceived as light can follow the segment 38 that is perceived as dark, and then the segment 36 that is perceived as light can follow again, and so on.

[0158] The perceptibly bright segment 36 of the outline 32 of the main subject 30 can be defined by the sub-subject 50. For example, sub-subject 50 or any of sub-subject 50 may include outline 52 (see...). Figure 12b The outline 52 of sub-subject 50 may be a portion 36 of the outline 32 of main subject 30 that is perceptibly bright.

[0159] The perceptible bright section 36 of the outline 32 of the main subject 30 can be part of the outline 52 of the sub-subject 50.

[0160] Sub-subject 50 is visible along the outline 32 of the main subject 30. The outline 32 of the main subject 30 can (completely) surround the sub-subject 50.

[0161] Sub-subject 50 can be seen (completely) within the interior portion 33 of the main subject 30. The interior portion 33 of the main subject 30 can be (completely) surrounded by the outline 32 of the main subject 30.

[0162] Sub-themes 50 can be visible at intervals within theme region 20. A gap 35 may exist between two adjacent sub-themes 50.

[0163] Sub-themes 50 can be seen at constant intervals within theme region 20. For all sub-themes 50 in theme region 20, equal gaps 35 are visible between two adjacent sub-themes 50.

[0164] The gap 35 between the two sub-themes 50 can cause a perceptible dark section 38 in the outline 32 of the main theme 30. The perceptible dark section 38 in the outline 32 of the main theme 30 can be a missing section in the outline 52 of the sub-theme 50.

[0165] The perceptible light section 36 and perceptible dark section 38 of the outline 32 of the main material 30 can have different lengths.

[0166] For example, a segment 36 that is perceived as bright can have a greater length extension than a segment 38 that is perceived as dark.

[0167] Similarly, the segment 38 that is perceived as dark can have a greater length extension than the segment 36 that is perceived as bright.

[0168] The segment 36 that is perceived as bright and the segment 38 that is perceived as dark can have the same length extension.

[0169] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the outline 32 of the main material 30, which is perceptibly dark, may have the same length extension.

[0170] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the perceptible bright segments 36 of the main material 30 may have the same length extension.

[0171] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the outline 32 (of which the main material 30 is) can be perceived by light.

[0172] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the outline 32 (of which the main material 30 is) can be darkly perceived.

[0173] At least 25%, preferably at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 90% of the interior portion 33 of the main body material 30 surrounded by the outline 32 can be perceived as dark.

[0174] exist Figure 3 The image shows a safety element 10 with a subject area 20. The subject material 30 is indicated as a dotted surface. The subject material 30, having its subject material shape 31, can be fully defined by its contour 32 relative to its environment. In particular, the subject material 30 includes a continuous surface surrounded by its contour 32.

[0175] Figure 4 A safety element 10 with a subject area 20 is shown in a first-view perspective. The safety element 10 can be coupled with... Figure 1 The safety element 10 described is the same.

[0176] Within subject area 20, subject material 30, having its subject material shape 31, is visible (perceptible). Subject material 30 may have an outline 31 as an outer outline. Subject material 30 may have an inner outline 39.

[0177] The main subject 30 includes sub-subjects 50. Sub-subjects 50 are visible between the inner contour 39 and the outer contour. Sub-subjects 50 are visible along the inner contour 39. Sub-subjects 50 are visible along the outer contour. A gap 35 may exist between two adjacent sub-subjects 50. The arrangement of sub-subjects 50 may be the same as the arrangement of other sub-subjects 50, such as... Figure 1 As mentioned above. Similarly, as Figure 1 The outline 32, which serves as the outer contour, may include a segment 36 that is perceived as bright and a segment 38 that is perceived as dark.

[0178] The internal contour 39 of the subject material 30 can be perceived as a continuous line. For example, the internal contour 39 of the subject material 30 can be a continuous, bright, visible portion of the subject material 30.

[0179] If the inner contour 39 of the main subject 30 can be perceived as a continuous line, then the sub-subjects 50 can be arranged such that there are no visible gaps between the sub-subjects 50 (within the area of ​​the inner contour 39).

[0180] The internal contour 39 may include segments 39a that are perceived as light. The internal contour may include segments 39b that are perceived as dark.

[0181] The internal contour 39 of the subject material 30 can be perceived by an observer as an interrupted or discontinuous line. For example, the internal contour 39 of the subject material 30 can alternately have segments 39a that are perceived as light and segments 39b that are perceived as dark. Here, a segment 39a that is perceived as light may follow a segment 39b that is perceived as dark, and then another segment 39a that is perceived as light may follow a segment 39b, and so on.

[0182] The perceptibly bright section 39a of the internal contour 39 of the main subject 30 can be fixed by the sub-subject 50. For example, the sub-subject 50 or any of the sub-subjects 50 may include contour 52 (see...). Figure 13b A portion of the outline 52 of the sub-subject 50 may be a perceptibly bright segment 39a of the internal outline 39 of the main subject 30.

[0183] The perceptible bright section 39a of the inner contour 39 of the main subject 30 may be part of the contour 52 of the sub-subject 50.

[0184] Sub-subject 50 can be seen along the internal outline 39 of the main subject 30.

[0185] The perceptible light section 39a and the perceptible dark section 39b of the inner contour 39 of the main material 30 may have different lengths.

[0186] For example, a segment 39a that is perceived as bright can have a greater length extension than a segment 39b that is perceived as dark.

[0187] Similarly, the segment 39b that is perceived as dark can have a greater length extension than the segment 39a that is perceived as bright.

[0188] The segment 39a that is perceived as bright and the segment 39b that is perceived as dark can have the same length.

[0189] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the perceptible dark sections 39b of the inner contour 39 of the main material 30 may have the same length extension.

[0190] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the light-sensitive portion 39a of the inner contour 39 of the main body material 30 may have the same length extension.

[0191] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the internal contour 39 (of which the main body 30 is) can be perceived by light.

[0192] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the internal contour 39 (of which the main body material 30 is) can be secretly perceived.

[0193] The main element 30 can extend between the outer contour 32 and the inner contour 39. This is in Figure 5 The area is represented by a dashed line. The area between the inner and outer contours can be called the main material area.

[0194] The main material 30 can have a frame-like shape.

[0195] exist Figure 6 The image shows a security element 10 from a first-view perspective. The security element 10 includes a subject area 20 in which sub-subject 50 is visible. The security element 10 can be any security element 10 disclosed herein.

[0196] Sub-topic 50 may have a width s361. This width is visible in the x-direction (the direction along the x-axis). The width can be the maximum visible extension of sub-topic 50 in the x-direction. Sub-topic 50 may have a height s371. This height is visible in the y-direction (the direction along the y-axis). The height can be the maximum visible extension of sub-topic 50 in the y-direction.

[0197] Width s361 and height s371 can be the same, as shown in the figure. Width s361 and height s371 can have the same length extension. For example, the sub-sub-sub-shape (and the main sub-sub-shape) is a square, a regular n-gon, or a circle.

[0198] Width s361 and height s371 can also be different. Width s361 and height s371 can have different lengths. Width s361 can be greater than or less than height s371. Width s361 can have a greater or lesser length than height s371. Sub-subject shapes (and main subject shapes) are, for example, rectangles, irregular n-gons, or ellipses.

[0199] The outline 32 may include a perceptibly bright segment 36 whose length extension is equal to the width s361 (length extension) and / or height s371 (length extension).

[0200] A distance s381 may exist between two adjacent sub-subjects 50. A distance s381 may exist between each sub-subject of a sub-subject 50. The distance s381 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 may be less than, and preferably no more than, half the width s361 and / or height s371 of the sub-subject 50. However, the distance s381 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 may also be greater than the width s361 and / or height s371 of the sub-subject 50. Similarly, the distance s381 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 may be the same as the width s361 and / or height s371 of the sub-subject 50.

[0201] A portion or all of the sub-subjects 50 of the main subject 30 may have the described height s371 and / or width s361.

[0202] Figure 7 Safety element 10 is shown from a first-view perspective. Safety element 10 can be any safety element 10 disclosed herein.

[0203] The subject material 30 may have a width s411. The width may be visible in the x-direction (in the direction of the x-axis). The width may be the maximum visible extension of the subject material 30 in the x-direction. The subject material 30 may be limited in the x-direction by the outline 32 of the subject material 30.

[0204] The subject material 30 may have a height s401. This height may be visible in the y-direction (the direction along the y-axis). The height may be the maximum visible extension of the subject material 30 in the y-direction. The subject material 30 may be limited in the y-direction by its outline 32. Width s411 and height s401 may be the same. Width s411 and height s401 may have the same length extension. Width s411 and height s401 may be different. Width s411 and height s401 may have different length extensions. Width s411 may be greater than height s401. Width s411 may have a greater length extension than height s401. Width s411 may be less than height s401. Width s411 may have a smaller length extension than height s401.

[0205] The ratio between the width s411 and the height s401 of the main subject 30 can be basically (±10%) the same as the ratio between the width s361 and the height s371 of the sub-subject or sub-subject 50.

[0206] Figure 8a , 8cFigures 8e and 8e illustrate the safety element 10 from different perspectives. The safety element 10 is tilted along a first axis located in the xy plane, specifically along the x-axis, to achieve different perspectives. The safety element 10 can be any safety element 10 disclosed herein.

[0207] Safety element 10 includes a subject area 20, in which a subject 30 having a subject shape 31 is visible to an observer. The subject 30 may include an outline 32. The subject 30 is represented by sub-subjects 50.

[0208] Figure 8a The safety element 10 is shown from a first-view perspective. In this example, the main body shape 31 is square. The main body 30 can be defined by its outline 32 compared to its environment. The main body 30 includes sub-subjects 50 visible along the outline 32.

[0209] exist Figure 8b In the middle, it is shown that... Figure 8a The same safety element 10. In Figure 8b The text indicates the transition from a first-person perspective to a second-person perspective. The safety element 10 in the second-person perspective is shown as... Figure 8c As shown. From the second perspective, at least the position of sub-theme 50 has changed.

[0210] The transition from first-person to second-person perspective can be achieved by tilting the safety member 10 around the x-axis or by using a valuable document 100 with the safety member 10 (tilted north-south). The positions of the light source and the observer remain unchanged.

[0211] For example, sub-subject 50 is positioned in a second perspective, making the main subject 30 appear smaller. Specifically, sub-subject 50 can be seen within a portion of the subject area 20 surrounded by the outline 32 of the main subject in the first perspective. This is in Figure 8b The subject matter 50 is indicated by a sub-subject 50 with a dashed outline. The dashed outline sub-subject 50 is shown in a first viewpoint, and the continuous outline sub-subject 50 is shown in a second viewpoint. The internal outline of the subject matter in the first viewpoint surrounds the outline 32 of the subject matter in the second viewpoint. Similarly, it can be determined that the sub-subjects 50 in the two views do not overlap.

[0212] In the second perspective, the number of sub-themes (50) can have changed. For example, in Figure 8b In this perspective, each direction changes from five sub-themes to three. Therefore, the number of sub-themes 50 visible in the second perspective can be fewer (or larger) than in the first perspective, especially when the main theme 30 becomes smaller (or larger). Alternatively or supplemented, the size of the sub-themes 50 can be changed. Figure 8b The same size sub-subject 50 is shown in the figure.

[0213] Figure 8c The subject material 30 is shown from a second perspective. The area of ​​the subject material 30 in the second perspective may be smaller than the area in the first perspective. The area of ​​the subject material 30 surrounded by the outline 32 may be smaller in the second perspective than in the first perspective.

[0214] The subject material shape 31 of the subject material 30 in the second viewpoint can correspond to the subject material shape 31 of the subject material 30 in the first viewpoint. In this example, the subject material shape 31 of the subject material 30 is a square in both the first and second viewpoints. The squares have different areas. By magnifying the subject material 30 in the second viewpoint, it can be made to overlap with the subject material 30 in the first viewpoint.

[0215] Figure 8d This illustrates the transition of subject matter 30 from a second perspective to another second perspective. Similar to... Figure 8b The illustration shows that the sub-subject 50 with a dashed outline indicates the sub-subject 50 from a second perspective, and the sub-subject 50 with a continuous outline indicates the sub-subject 50 from a further second perspective.

[0216] The transition from a second-person perspective to a further second-person perspective will occur by further tilting the safety element 10 or the valuable document 100 with the safety element 10 (north-south tilt). The positions of the light source and the observer remain unchanged.

[0217] In a further second perspective, the position of sub-subject 50 changes further. For example, sub-subject 50 may be visible in a portion of subject area 20, which is surrounded by the outline 32 of main subject 30 in the second perspective. Main subject 30 becomes smaller as it is tilted further.

[0218] In a further second perspective, the number of sub-themes 50 may have changed. For example, the number of sub-themes 50 visible in a further second perspective may be less (or greater) than in the further perspective, especially if the main theme 30 becomes smaller (or larger). Alternatively or supplementarily, the size of the sub-themes 50 may be changed, for example, by decreasing simultaneously as shown.

[0219] exist Figure 8e In the figure, the subject material 30 is visible in a further second perspective. As shown, in the further second perspective, the area of ​​the subject material 30 can be smaller than that in the second perspective. As shown, in the further second perspective, the area of ​​the subject material 30 surrounded by the outline 32 can be smaller than that in the second perspective.

[0220] The subject material shape 31 of the subject material 30 in a further second viewpoint can correspond to the subject material shape 31 of the subject material 30 in the second viewpoint. In this example, the subject material shape 31 of the subject material 30 is a square in both the second viewpoint and the further second viewpoint. The squares here have different areas. By magnifying the subject material 30 in the further second viewpoint, it can be made to overlap with the subject material 30 in the second (and first) viewpoints.

[0221] Figures 8a to 8e The safety element 10 with two second views is shown. There may also be more than two second views, especially three or four.

[0222] The movement of the main material 30, that is, in Figures 8a to 8e The dimensional changes of the main subject 30 can have a continuous effect on the observer when tilted. When the safety element is tilted, the sub-subject 50 can be statically positioned or moved.

[0223] By utilizing statically arranged sub-subjects 50, continuous movement (especially continuous dimensional changes) of the main subject can be achieved. Specifically, when tilted, the sub-subject 50 of the following (second or further second) perspective can become increasingly visible in segments, while the sub-subject 50 of the previous perspective correspondingly becomes invisible in segments in the opposite direction. Figure 8a As shown in 8c and 8e, the main subject is first represented by a fully visible or luminous sub-subject from a (first or second) perspective, and then by a fully visible or luminous sub-subject from the next (second or further second) perspective. In the transition between these perspectives—starting from one side of the sub-subject from the first (or second) perspective—increasingly more portions of the sub-subject from the second (or further second) perspective become visible (bright). Similarly, starting from the application side of the sub-subject from the second (or further second) perspective, increasingly more portions of the sub-subject from the first (or second) perspective become invisible (dark). Thus, the main subject is dynamically displayed through static sub-subjects that are only partially visible between the first and second perspectives.

[0224] Alternatively, the continuous movement of the main subject (especially continuous dimensional changes) can also be achieved by moving sub-sub ... Figure 8a Starting with 8 out of the 16 visible sub-topics 50, for example, every two out of sub-topics 50, move inwards until they reach... Figure 8c The new position. The other eight sub-themes disappear (darken), ideally with the start of movement. From Figure 8cInitially, four of the eight sub-themes 50 move inward until they reach... Figure 8e The new position. The other four sub-themes disappear, preferably with the start of further movement.

[0225] For continuous movement of the main subject, moving sub-subjects are advantageous because they are more difficult to imitate. The use of static sub-subjects supports a brighter representation of the subject and / or serves as a secondary effect for different tilt axes.

[0226] It is conceivable that if, upon tilting to a (further) second perspective, the overall brightness of the sub-subject changes, but this does not result in continuous movement of the main subject. For example, if the sub-subject changes its overall brightness upon tilting (bright => dark, dark => bright), the sudden change in the position of the main subject is visible to the observer. On the other hand, if the overall brightness of the sub-subject changes continuously upon tilting, particularly a steady change from bright to dark for the sub-subject in the first (or second) perspective, and a steady change from dark to bright for the sub-subject in the second (or further second) perspective, then the observer will see a main subject that gradually emerges in its new position and gradually fades out in its old position.

[0227] Figure 9a , 9c Figures 9e and 9e illustrate the safety element 10 from different perspectives, particularly with first, second, and further second perspectives, respectively. The safety element 10 can be any safety element 10 disclosed herein.

[0228] The safety element 10 includes a subject area 20, wherein a subject 30 having its subject shape 31 is visible to an observer. The subject 30 may include an outline 32. The subject 30 includes sub-subjects 50, specifically represented by means of the sub-subjects 50.

[0229] Figure 9a The safety element 10 is shown from a first-view perspective. In this example, the main subject shape 31 is square. The main subject 30 is defined by contour 32 compared to its surroundings. The main subject 30 includes sub-subjects 50. Sub-subjects 50 are visible along contour 32.

[0230] Safety element 10 can define an xy plane with an x-axis (x-direction) and a y-axis (y-direction). Safety element 10 can be tilted. A transition from a first viewpoint to a second or further viewpoint can occur, such as... Figures 8a to 8e As described. In particular, the safety element is tilted along an axis in the plane, here the x-axis.

[0231] exist Figure 9b In the middle, it is shown that... Figure 9a The same safety element 10. In Figure 9bThe text indicates the transition from a first-person perspective to a second-person perspective. The safety element 10 in the second-person perspective is shown as... Figure 9c As shown.

[0232] From the second perspective, the position of sub-theme 50 changes. For example, sub-theme 50 can be seen within a portion of the theme area 20, which is surrounded by the outline 32 of the main theme, from the first perspective. This is in Figure 9b The sub-subject 50 is indicated by a dashed outline. The sub-subject 50 with a dashed outline is shown in a first viewpoint, while the sub-subject 50 with a continuous outline is shown in a further viewpoint. The sub-subject 50s in the two viewpoints do not overlap. Figure 9b In the example, the (external) outline 32 of the subject material in the second view is located within the internal outline of the subject material in the first view.

[0233] In a second perspective, such as Figure 9b As shown, the number of sub-themes 50 can remain unchanged. For example, the number of visible sub-themes 50 in the second perspective can be equal to the number of sub-themes 50 in the first perspective.

[0234] From a second perspective, the size or area of ​​the sub-subject 50 can be changed alternately or supplementarily. For example, the size or area of ​​the visible sub-subject 50 from a further perspective can be smaller than the size or area of ​​the visible sub-subject 50 from the first perspective.

[0235] exist Figure 9c In this view, the subject matter 30 is visible from a further perspective. The area of ​​the subject matter 30 may be smaller in a further perspective than in a first perspective. The area of ​​the subject matter 30 surrounded by the outline 32 may be smaller in a further perspective than in a first perspective.

[0236] The subject material shape 31 of the subject material 30 in the second view can correspond to the subject material shape 31 of the subject material 30 in the first view.

[0237] In both the first and second perspectives, the subject material 30's shape 31 can be a square, different geometric shapes, or an object shape such as a pear. The squares here have varying areas. By magnifying the subject material 30 in a further perspective, it can be made to overlap with the subject material 30 in the first perspective.

[0238] Figure 9d This illustrates the transition of subject matter 30 from a second perspective to another second perspective. Similar to... Figure 9b and 9c In the illustration, sub-subject 50 with a dashed outline indicates sub-subject 50 from a further perspective, while sub-subject 50 with a continuous outline indicates sub-subject 50 from a more distant second perspective.

[0239] The transition from the second perspective to a further second perspective will occur via the safety element 10 or the valuable document 100 having the safety element 10 around the same axis, i.e., here a further tilt (north-south tilt) around the x-axis.

[0240] In a further second perspective, the position of sub-theme 50 will change further. For example, sub-theme 50 may be visible in a portion of the theme area 20 surrounded by the outline 32 of the main theme in the second perspective. Figure 9d As shown, in a portion of the subject area 20 surrounded by the inner outline 32 of the subject material from a second perspective, a further second-view sub-subject 50 is visible.

[0241] In a further second perspective, the number of sub-themes 50 can remain unchanged. For example, the number of visible sub-themes 50 in a further perspective can be equal to the number of sub-themes 50 in the further perspective.

[0242] From a further second perspective, the size or area of ​​the sub-subject 50 can be changed. For example, the size or area of ​​the sub-subject 50 visible from the further perspective can be smaller than the size or area of ​​the sub-subject 50 visible from the further perspective.

[0243] exist Figure 9e In the second view, the subject matter 30 is visible. The area of ​​the subject matter 30 may be smaller in the second view. The area of ​​the subject matter 30 surrounded by the outline 32 may be smaller in the second view.

[0244] The subject material shape 31 of the subject material 30 in a further view can correspond to the subject material shape 31 of the subject material 30 in a further view.

[0245] The movement is preferably a reduction or enlargement of the main subject. As explained earlier, the movement of the main subject 30 can have a continuous effect on the observer between different viewpoints. Similarly, the sub-subject 50 can be static or moving. The gradual change or positional shift of the sub-subject 50 or any of the sub-subjects 50 between different viewpoints can have a continuous effect on the observer.

[0246] Figure 10 and Figure 11 The safety element 10 is illustrated exemplarily from a further perspective, such as a second perspective. The safety element 10 can be any safety element 10 disclosed herein. The further perspective may differ from the first perspective.

[0247] The safety element 10 has a subject area 20 with a main subject 30 and a sub-subject 50.

[0248] From a further perspective, sub-subject 50 can have a width s362. The width s362 is visible in the x-direction (the direction along the x-axis). The width s362 can be the maximum visible extension of sub-subject 50 in the x-direction.

[0249] From a further perspective, sub-subject 50 can have a height s372. Height s372 is visible in the y-direction (the direction along the y-axis). Height s372 can be the maximum visible extension of sub-subject 50 in the y-direction.

[0250] The width s362 of sub-subject 50 in a further perspective can be equal to the width s361 of sub-subject 50 in a first perspective.

[0251] The width s362 of sub-subject 50 in a further perspective can be smaller than the width s361 of sub-subject 50 in the first perspective.

[0252] The width s362 of sub-subject 50 in a further perspective can be greater than the width s361 of sub-subject 50 in the first perspective.

[0253] The height s372 of sub-subject 50 in a further perspective can be equal to the height s371 of sub-subject 50 in a first perspective.

[0254] The height s372 of sub-subject 50 in a further perspective can be less than the height s371 of sub-subject 50 in the first perspective.

[0255] The height s372 of sub-subject 50 from a further perspective can be greater than the height s371 of sub-subject 50 from a first perspective.

[0256] A distance s382 can exist between two adjacent sub-themes 50. A distance s381 can exist between each sub-theme of sub-theme 50.

[0257] From a further perspective, the distance s381 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 can be equal to the distance s381 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 in the first perspective.

[0258] From a further perspective, the distance s382 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 can be smaller than the distance s381 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 from the first perspective.

[0259] From a further perspective, the distance s382 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 can be greater than the distance s382 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 from the first perspective.

[0260] The subject material 30 can have a width s412 from a further perspective. The width can be visible in the x-direction (in the direction of the x-axis). The width can be the maximum visible extension of the subject material 30 in the x-direction. The subject material 30 can be limited in the x-direction by the outline 32 of the subject material 30.

[0261] From a further perspective, the subject material 30 may have a height s402. This height may be visible in the y-direction (the direction along the y-axis). The height may be the maximum visible extension of the subject material 30 in the y-direction. The subject material 30 may be constrained in the y-direction by its outline 32.

[0262] The width s412 can be smaller than the width s411 in the first viewpoint from a further perspective.

[0263] The height s402 can be smaller than the height s401 in the first viewpoint from a further perspective.

[0264] The ratio between width s412 and height s402 in a further viewpoint can be basically (±10%) the same as the ratio between width s411 and height s401 in the first viewpoint.

[0265] The ratio between the width s362 and the height s372 of the sub-subject 50 in a further perspective can be approximately (±10%) equal to the ratio between the width s361 and the height s371 of the sub-subject 50 in the first perspective.

[0266] Figure 12a A security element 10 with subject area 20 and sub-subject area 50 is shown. The security element 10 can be any security element 10 disclosed herein.

[0267] Figure 12b It shows things like Figure 12a The enlarged sub-subject 50 of the safety element 10 shown.

[0268] Sub-subject 50, in particular any one of sub-subject 50, may have sub-subject shape 51.

[0269] Sub-subject 50, in particular any one of the sub-subject 50, may have an outline 52. The outline 52 of the sub-subject 50 may include or surround the interior portion 53 of the sub-subject 30.

[0270] The shape 51 of the sub-subject can be determined by the outline 52 of the sub-subject 50. The outline 52 of the sub-subject 50 can (completely) surround or surround a surface.

[0271] Sub-sub-subject 70 is visible along the outline 52 of sub-subject 50. The outline 52 of sub-subject 50 can be formed by sub-sub-subject 70.

[0272] Sub-sub-subject 70 may have sub-sub-subject shape 71. Sub-subject shape 71 may correspond to main subject shape 31 and / or sub-subject shape 51.

[0273] Unlike main subjects and sub-subjects, sub-subjects are simply chosen to be large enough that they are visible to the observer as subjects. In design, an observer can only recognize a sub-subject as a subject after magnification, such as with a magnifying glass or camera.

[0274] The outline 52 of sub-subject 50 can be perceived as a continuous line. For example, the outline 52 of sub-subject 50 can be a continuous, bright, visible portion of sub-subject 50.

[0275] The outline 52 of sub-subject 50 can be perceived by the observer as an interrupted or discontinuous line. For example, the outline 52 of sub-subject 50 can alternately have segments 56 that are perceived as bright and segments 58 that are perceived as dark. In this case, a segment 56 that is perceived as bright can be followed by a segment 58 that is perceived as dark, and a segment 56 that is perceived as bright can be followed by a segment that is perceived as dark, and so on.

[0276] The perceptible bright section 56 of the outline 52 of sub-subject 50 can be fixed by sub-subject 70.

[0277] The perceptible bright section 56 of the outline 52 of sub-subject 50 can be part of the outline 72 of sub-subject 70.

[0278] Sub-sub-subject 70 is visible along the outline 52 of sub-subject 50. The outline 52 of sub-subject 50 can (completely) surround sub-subject 70.

[0279] Sub-sub-subject 70 can be (completely) visible within the interior portion 53 of sub-subject 50. The interior portion 53 of sub-subject 50 can be (completely) surrounded by the outline 52 of sub-subject 50.

[0280] Sub-sub-themes 70 can be visible at intervals within the theme area 20. A gap 55 can exist between two adjacent sub-sub-themes 50.

[0281] Sub-sub-themes 70 can be seen at constant intervals within the theme region 20. For all sub-sub-themes 70 in the theme region 20, equal gaps 55 are visible between two adjacent sub-sub-themes 70.

[0282] The gap 55 between two sub-subjects 70 can cause a perceptible dark segment 58 in the outline 52 of the sub-subject 50. The perceptible dark segment 58 in the outline 52 of the sub-subject 50 can be a missing part of the outline 72 of the sub-subject 70.

[0283] The perceptible light section 56 and perceptible dark section 58 of the outline 52 of sub-subject 50 can have different lengths.

[0284] For example, a segment 56 that is perceived as bright can have a greater length extension than a segment 58 that is perceived as dark.

[0285] Similarly, segment 58, which is perceived as dark, can have a greater length extension than segment 56, which is perceived as bright.

[0286] The segment 56 that is perceived as bright and the segment 58 that is perceived as dark can have the same length extension.

[0287] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the perceptible dark section 58 of the outline 52 of the sub-subject 50 may have the same length extension.

[0288] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the perceptible bright section 56 of the outline 52 of the sub-subject 50 may have the same length extension.

[0289] At least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of the outline 52 (of which the total length) of the sub-subject 50 is perceived by light.

[0290] The outline 52 of sub-subject 50 (its total length) is at least 10%, preferably at least 25%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% of which is secretly perceived.

[0291] At least 25%, preferably at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 90% of the internal portion 53 of the sub-subject 50 surrounded by outline 52 is dark-perceived.

[0292] Sub-sub-subject 70 may have the same characteristics as sub-sub-subject 50 and / or subject 30.

[0293] Figure 13a The safety element 10 is shown in a third-view perspective. In particular, the third-view perspective can be any one of a first, second, or further second perspective. Figure 13b Safety element 10 is shown from a fourth perspective. Safety element 10 can be any safety element 10 disclosed herein.

[0294] The transition from the first-person perspective to a fourth (or even a further fourth) perspective can be achieved by tilting the safety member 10 or the security 100 with the safety member 10 (tilted east-west) around the second axis, specifically the y-axis, in the XY plane. The positions of the light source and the observer remain unchanged.

[0295] The position of sub-subject 50 can be changed by shifting from a first-person perspective to a fourth-person perspective. Alternatively or supplementarily, the size of sub-subject 50 can be changed by transitioning to a fourth-person perspective. Alternatively or supplementarily, the area of ​​sub-subject 50 can be changed by transitioning to a fourth-person perspective. Alternatively or supplementarily, the shape of sub-subject 50 can be changed by transitioning to a fourth-person perspective.

[0296] The position of the subject material 30 can be changed by transitioning from any (e.g., a first, second, or further second) perspective to a fourth perspective. Alternatively or supplementarily, the size of the subject material 30 can be changed by transitioning to the fourth perspective. Alternatively or supplementarily, the area of ​​the subject material 30 can be changed by transitioning to the fourth perspective. Alternatively or supplementarily, the shape of the subject material 30 can be changed by transitioning to the fourth perspective.

[0297] However, preferably, the main subject 30 remains substantially unchanged when tilted about the second axis. Tilting about the second axis preferably only changes the sub-subjects 50 representing the main subject 50. In particular, the main subject 30 can be changed by tilting about the first axis from a third (or any third) perspective, as described above.

[0298] The outline 32 of the subject material 30 can be perceived as a continuous line. For example, the outline 32 of the subject material 30 can be a continuous brightly visible portion of the subject material.

[0299] The outline 32 of the subject material 30 can be perceived by an observer as an interrupted or discontinuous line. For example, the outline 32 of the subject material 30 can alternately have segments 36 that are perceived as light and segments 38 that are perceived as dark.

[0300] The proportion of the perceptible dark segment 38 in the outline 32 under the third view can be equal to the proportion of the perceptible dark segment 38 in the outline 32 under the fourth view.

[0301] The proportion of the perceptible dark segment 38 in the outline 32 under the third view can be greater than the proportion of the perceptible dark segment 38 in the outline 32 under the fourth view.

[0302] The proportion of the perceptible dark segment 38 in the outline 32 under the third view can be smaller than the proportion of the perceptible dark segment 38 in the outline 32 under the fourth view.

[0303] The proportion of the perceptibly bright segment 36 in the outline 32 under the third-view perspective can be the same as the proportion of the perceptibly bright segment 36 in the outline 32 under the fourth-view perspective.

[0304] The proportion of the segment 36 that is perceptibly bright in the outline 32 from a third-view perspective can be greater than the proportion of the segment 36 that is perceptibly bright in the outline 32 from a fourth-view perspective.

[0305] The proportion of the segment 36 that is perceptibly bright in the outline 32 from a third-view perspective can be smaller than the proportion of the segment 36 that is perceptibly bright in the outline 32 from a fourth-view perspective.

[0306] Sub-subjects 50 can be seen intermittently within subject area 20. A gap 35 may exist between two adjacent sub-subjects 50.

[0307] The longitudinal extension of the gap 35 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 in the third perspective can be equal to the longitudinal extension of the gap between adjacent sub-subjects in the fourth perspective.

[0308] The vertical extension of the gap 35 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 in the third perspective can be smaller than the vertical extension of the gap between adjacent sub-subjects in the fourth perspective.

[0309] In a third-person perspective, the vertical extension of the gap 35 between two adjacent sub-subjects 50 can be greater than the vertical extension of the gap between adjacent sub-subjects in a fourth-person perspective.

[0310] The sub-subject shape 51 of sub-subject 50 in the third perspective can correspond to the sub-subject shape 51 of sub-subject 50 in the fourth perspective.

[0311] The shape 31 of the subject material 30 in the third-person perspective can correspond to the shape 31 of the subject material 30 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0312] Figure 13c Safety element 10 is shown in third-person view. Figure 13e Safety element 10 is shown in fourth-person view.

[0313] The subject material 30 can have a width s413 in a third-person view. The subject material 30 can have a width s414 in a fourth-person view. The width can be visible in the x-direction (in the direction of the x-axis). The width can be the maximum visible extension of the subject material 30 in the x-direction. The subject material 30 can be limited in the x-direction by the outline 32 of the subject material 30.

[0314] The subject material 30 can have a height s403 in a third-person view. The subject material 30 can have a height s404 in a fourth-person view. The height can be visible in the y-direction (in the direction of the y-axis). The height can be the maximum visible extension of the subject material 30 in the y-direction. The subject material 30 can be limited in the y-direction by the outline 32 of the subject material 30.

[0315] The width s413 of the subject material 30 in the third-person view can be the same as the width s414 of the subject material 30 in the fourth-person view.

[0316] The width s413 of the subject material 30 in the third-person perspective can be smaller than the width s414 of the subject material 30 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0317] The width s413 of the subject material 30 in the third-person perspective can be greater than the width s414 of the subject material 30 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0318] The height s403 of the subject material 30 in the third-person perspective can be the same as the height s404 of the subject material 30 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0319] The height s403 of the subject material 30 in the third-person perspective can be less than the height s404 of the subject material 30 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0320] The height s403 of the subject material 30 in the third-person perspective can be greater than the height s404 of the subject material 30 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0321] The ratio between width s413 and height s403 in the third-person perspective can be basically the same (±10%) as the ratio between width s414 and height s404 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0322] Figure 13d Safety element 10 is shown in third-person view. Figure 13f Safety element 10 is shown in fourth-person view.

[0323] Sub-theme 50 in third-person perspective can have a width of s363. Sub-theme 50 in fourth-person perspective can have a width of s364.

[0324] The width is visible in the x-direction (the direction along the x-axis). The width can be the maximum visible extension of sub-subject 50 in the x-direction.

[0325] Sub-subject 50 in a third-person perspective can have a height of s373. Sub-subject 50 in a fourth-person perspective can have a height of s374. The height is visible in the y-direction (the direction along the y-axis). The height can be the maximum visible extension of sub-subject 50 in the y-direction.

[0326] The width s363 of sub-subject 50 in the third-person perspective can be equal to the width s364 of sub-subject 50 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0327] The width s363 of sub-theme 50 in the third-person perspective can be smaller than the width s364 of sub-theme 50 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0328] The width s363 of sub-theme 50 in the third-person perspective can be greater than the width s364 of sub-theme 50 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0329] The height s373 of sub-subject 50 in third-person perspective can be equal to the height s374 of sub-subject 50 in fourth-person perspective.

[0330] The height s373 of sub-theme 50 in the third-person perspective can be less than the height s374 of sub-theme 50 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0331] The height s373 of sub-theme 50 in the third-person perspective can be greater than the height s374 of sub-theme 50 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0332] From a third-person perspective, a distance s383 can exist between two adjacent sub-themes 50. From a fourth-person perspective, a distance s384 can exist between two adjacent sub-themes 50. This distance can exist between the various sub-themes of sub-theme 50.

[0333] The distance s383 between two adjacent sub-themes 50 in the third-person perspective can be equal to the distance s384 between two adjacent sub-themes 50 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0334] The distance s383 between two adjacent sub-themes 50 in the third-person perspective can be less than the distance s384 between two adjacent sub-themes 50 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0335] The distance s383 between two adjacent sub-themes 50 in the third-person perspective can be greater than the distance s384 between two adjacent sub-themes 50 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0336] The ratio between the width s363 and the height s373 of the sub-subject 50 in the third-person perspective can be approximately (±10%) equal to the ratio between the width s364 and the height s374 of the sub-subject 50 in the fourth-person perspective.

[0337] Typically, distance can be the shortest distance between objects (e.g., between two sub-subjects) in one direction, preferably in the x or y direction.

[0338] Less or smaller can mean at least 100µm less or at least 100µm smaller. Less or smaller can mean less or smaller than 100µm to 500µm.

[0339] Larger means at least 100µm larger. Larger can mean larger than 100µm to 500µm.

[0340] Similarly, the maximum deviation is ±10%, preferably ±5%, preferably ±3%, and preferably ±1%.

[0341] Generally speaking, each sub-subject 50 of the subject matter 30 may have features disclosed for the sub-subject 50. Each sub-sub-subject 70 of the subject matter 30 or the sub-subject 50 may substantially have features disclosed for the sub-sub-subject 70.

[0342] List of reference numerals

[0343] 10 safety elements

[0344] 20 Theme Range

[0345] 30 themes

[0346] 31 Theme Material Shape

[0347] 32 Theme Material Outline

[0348] 33 The internal parts of the main theme

[0349] The gaps between 35 sub-themes

[0350] 36 sections that can be perceived as bright

[0351] 38. Sections that can be perceived as dark.

[0352] 39 Theme Material Internal Outline

[0353] 39a The section that can be perceived as bright.

[0354] 39b is a section that can be perceived as dark.

[0355] S361 first-person perspective sub-theme breadth

[0356] S371 first-person perspective sub-theme height

[0357] The distance between sub-themes in the first-person perspective of S381

[0358] S362 second-person sub-theme breadth

[0359] S372 second-person sub-theme height

[0360] The distance between sub-themes in the second-person perspective of s382

[0361] S363 third-person perspective sub-theme breadth

[0362] The third-person perspective of S373 sub-theme height

[0363] The distance between sub-themes in the third-person perspective of s383

[0364] S364's fourth-person perspective sub-theme breadth

[0365] S374's fourth-person perspective sub-theme height

[0366] The distance between sub-themes in the fourth perspective of S384

[0367] S401 First-Person Perspective Theme Material Height

[0368] S411 first-person perspective theme width

[0369] S402 Second Perspective Theme Material Height

[0370] S412 Second Perspective Theme Width

[0371] S403 Third-Perspective Theme Material Height

[0372] S413 Third-Perspective Theme Width

[0373] S404 Fourth Perspective Theme Material Height

[0374] S414 Fourth Perspective Theme Width

[0375] 50 sub-themes

[0376] 51 sub-themes shape

[0377] 52 Sub-themes Outline

[0378] 53 sub-themes internal section

[0379] The gaps between 55 sub-themes

[0380] 56 sections that can be perceived as bright

[0381] 58 is a section that can be perceived as dark.

[0382] 70-subject

[0383] 71-piece subject shape

[0384] 72 sub-themes outline

[0385] 100 valuable documents

Claims

1. An optically variable safety element (10) having a subject area (20), wherein, (a) An optically variable subject (30) having a subject shape (31) is visible to the observer in at least one first-viewpoint within the subject area (20), and (b) The optically variable subject material (30) includes substructures visible to the observer, wherein, in at least one second viewpoint different from the first viewpoint, the optically variable subject material (30) is visible at a different position and / or degree of rotation than in the first viewpoint, with a smaller or larger area. Its features are, (c) A substructure is a sub-sub-theme (50) that is visible to the observer and has the shape (51) of a sub-theme. (d) The sub-subjects (50) have the same sub-subject shape (51), and (e) The shape of the sub-subject (51) is the same as the shape of the main subject (31).

2. An optically variable safety element (10) having a subject area (20), wherein, (a) An optically variable subject (30) having a subject shape (31) is visible to the observer in at least one first-viewpoint within the subject area (20), and (b) The optically variable main body (30) includes substructures visible to the observer. Its features are, (c) A substructure is a sub-sub-theme (50) that is visible to the observer and has the shape (51) of a sub-theme. (d) The sub-subjects (50) have the same sub-subject shape (51), and (e) The shape of the sub-subject (51) is the same as the shape of the main subject (31). The optically variable safety element (10) defines an xy plane with an x-axis and a y-axis, wherein by tilting the optically variable safety element (10) around the x-axis, a transition from a first viewpoint to a second viewpoint can be achieved, wherein by tilting the optically variable safety element (10) around the y-axis, a transition from a third viewpoint to at least a fourth viewpoint can be achieved, wherein the sub-subject (50) is different in the third viewpoint and the fourth viewpoint.

3. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The optically variable subject material (30) has a contour (32) surrounding the inner portion (33) of the optically variable subject material (30).

4. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sub-subject (50) is visible along the outline (32) of the main subject (30), or within it, The outline (32) of the main theme (30) is formed by the sub-themes (50).

5. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outline (32) of the subject (30) is visible to the observer through alternating light and dark areas (36, 38).

6. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The optically variable subject matter (30) includes sub-subject matter (50) visible from a second perspective, wherein the area of ​​each sub-subject matter (50) in the second perspective is equal to, less than or greater than the area of ​​each sub-subject matter (50) in the first perspective.

7. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The optically variable subject matter (30) includes sub-subject matter (50) visible from a second perspective, the number of sub-subject matter (50) from the second perspective being less than, equal to or greater than the number of sub-subject matter (50) from the first perspective.

8. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The optically variable subject (30) has a subject shape (31) in a second viewpoint, wherein the subject shape (31) of the subject (30) in the second viewpoint is the same as the subject shape (31) of the subject (30) in the first viewpoint.

9. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Each sub-subject (50) includes a sub-sub-subject (70), and each sub-subject (50) has an outline (52) surrounding an internal portion (53) of its respective sub-subject (50).

10. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that, Sub-sub-subjects (70) are visible along the outline (52) of the corresponding sub-subjects (50), or the outline (52) of the corresponding sub-subjects (50) is formed by the sub-subjects (70).

11. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that, Each sub-sub-subject (70) has a sub-sub-subject shape (71), and the sub-sub-subject shape (71) is the same as the sub-subject shape (51) and / or the subject shape (31).

12. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optically variable safety element (10) defines an xy plane with an x-axis and a y-axis, wherein by tilting the optically variable safety element (10) around the x-axis, a conversion from a first viewpoint to a second viewpoint can be achieved.

13. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that, By tilting the optically variable safety element (10) around the y-axis, it is possible to transition from a third perspective to at least a fourth perspective, wherein the sub-subject (50) is different in the third and fourth perspectives.

14. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 2 or 13, characterized in that, - The main material (30) changes when tilted about the x-axis, but does not change when tilted about the y-axis; and / or - The sub-themes (50) in the third and fourth perspectives differ in size and / or in the proportion of light and dark sections.

15. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 13, characterized in that, The total area of ​​the sub-subjects and / or the area of ​​the sub-subjects remain the same.

16. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The optically variable safety element (10) includes a component of a microreflector that provides a main subject (30) and a sub-subject (50) for the observer based on the viewing angle.

17. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 16, characterized in that, - Microreflectors are micromirrors; and / or - The component includes an embossed structure with a reflective enhancement coating; and / or - This component includes an embossed paint layer.

18. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 17, characterized in that, The reflection-enhancing coating is a metallic coating, an optically variable coating, or an HRI coating.

19. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 17, characterized in that, The reflection-enhancing coating is a liquid crystal coating.

20. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 17, characterized in that, The reflection-enhancing coating is an optically variable multilayer structure.

21. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Each sub-subject (50) in the first-person perspective has a maximum width of no more than 5.0 mm.

22. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 21, characterized in that, Each sub-subject (50) in the first-person perspective has a maximum width of no more than 3.0 mm.

23. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 21, characterized in that, Each sub-subject (50) in the first-person perspective has a maximum width of no more than 2.0 mm.

24. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 21, characterized in that, Each sub-subject (50) in the first-person perspective has a maximum width of no more than 1.0 mm.

25. The optically variable safety element (10) according to claim 21, characterized in that, Each sub-subject (50) in the first-person perspective has a maximum width between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm.

26. A valuable document (100) having an optically variable security element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 25.

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