A device for testing the sealing performance of metal sealing rings in a high-temperature-vibration coupling environment

Abstract

A device for testing the sealing performance of a metal sealing ring in a high-temperature-vibration-coupled environment comprises: a mounting edge structure simulation test unit, a gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit, a high-temperature-vibration-coupled environment simulation unit, and an integrated computer control unit. A metal sealing ring test piece is installed in the mounting edge structure simulation test unit to be sealed. The gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit is connected to the mounting edge structure simulation test unit, gas is introduced into the unit, and the internal air pressure and gas flow in the metal pipeline are measured. The mounting edge structure simulation test unit is installed in the high-temperature-vibration-coupled environment simulation unit. The integrated computer control unit is respectively connected to the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit and the high-temperature-vibration-coupled environment simulation unit to perform closed-loop feedback control on the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit according to the air pressure and flow. The high-temperature-vibration-coupled environment simulation unit is also closed-loop feedback controlled according to the temperature and vibration state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metal sealing ring sealing performance testing devices, and relates to a metal sealing ring sealing performance testing device in a high-temperature-vibration coupling environment. Background Art

[0002] The gas sealing performance of static seals between the casings or working sections of aircraft engines and gas turbines is crucial to their power output and thermal efficiency. Improving the airtightness of a static seal by 0.2-0.6% improves the overall engine power output by 0.3-1.0%. Metal sealing rings are currently the most commonly used static seals and are classified as C-, O-, or W-type, depending on their cross-section. In aircraft engines, metal sealing rings operate under high temperatures (400-800°C) and high-frequency vibration conditions, with pressure differences between the inside and outside of the seal cavity reaching 0.276 MPa. Furthermore, the metal sealing ring lifespan must exceed 20,000 hours.

[0003] To meet these demanding service environments, metal sealing rings are often manufactured from high-temperature alloys. In addition to exhibiting excellent high-temperature fatigue and creep resistance, they must also exhibit excellent resistance to fretting wear under high-frequency vibration. Therefore, while optimizing the metal sealing ring's structure, its surface is often plated with anti-friction materials such as silver or copper alloy to ensure a good fit between the metal sealing ring and the mounting edge in the high-temperature, vibration-coupled environment, inhibiting fretting wear and reducing gas leakage in the secondary flow system.

[0004] To accurately measure and evaluate the sealing performance of metal sealing rings used in aircraft engines and / or gas turbines under high-temperature, vibration-coupled service conditions, the Chinese utility model patent, "A Test Bench for Externally Opening W-Type Metal Sealing Rings (CN214621648 U)," integrates a flange test chamber into a universal test console, enabling testing of the sealing performance, vibration, and fatigue life of externally opening W-type metal sealing rings. However, to achieve high heating efficiency and simulate high-temperature operating conditions for the sealing ring, the heating belt is placed inside the flange test chamber, with the heating electrode extending from the flange cavity, posing a high risk of gas leakage. Furthermore, the insulation material used with the heating belt is prone to pulverization and contamination of the test flange cavity, affecting the accuracy of sealing ring leakage rate measurements. Furthermore, the utility model patent does not disclose the design and implementation of the metal sealing ring test bench for vibration testing. Based on its disclosure, it is difficult to evaluate the leakage rate of metal sealing rings under conditions of vibration-induced fretting wear.

[0005] The Chinese invention patent, "A Multifunctional, All-Working Condition Metal Elastic Sealing Ring Testing Device (CN 104359635A)," integrates a metal elastic sealing ring test piece mounting base with a multifunctional mechanical testing machine to perform sealing, durability, and fatigue performance testing of metal elastic sealing rings. For the sealing test, a pressure regulating device continuously ventilates the air inlet to maintain a pressure differential between the inside and outside of the sealing ring. The gas flow rate escaping from the cavity formed by the outer wall of the metal elastic sealing ring and the mounting base is simultaneously measured to calculate the gas leakage rate of the sealing ring. This design is complex and presents three major issues. First, due to the inherent structural limitations of the pressure regulating device and the lack of a closed-loop control design, its pressure control stability in the cavity formed by the inner wall of the sealing ring and the mounting base is poor. Second, a flowmeter is used to measure the gas flow rate discharged from the cavity formed by the outer wall of the sealing ring and the mounting base through the exhaust port to calculate the leakage rate of the sealing ring. However, the flange cavity lacks a special sealing design, resulting in slight gas leakage at the flange mating surface. This leakage is exacerbated as the test temperature increases, affecting the accuracy of the metal elastic sealing ring leakage rate test. Finally, the sealing ring test piece mounting base is fixedly installed in the heating furnace as a whole. The cooling time after the experiment is long, and the experimental efficiency is low. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sealing performance testing device for a metal sealing ring in a high temperature-vibration coupling environment.

[0007] The present invention provides a high temperature-vibration coupling environment metal sealing ring sealing performance test device, comprising: an installation edge structure simulation test unit, a gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit, a high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit and an integrated computer control unit;

[0008] The metal sealing ring test piece is installed in the installation edge structure simulation test unit to seal it, and the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit is connected to the installation edge structure simulation test unit through a metal pipeline, and gas is introduced into the installation edge structure simulation test unit to measure the air pressure in the installation edge structure simulation test unit and the gas flow in the metal pipeline; the installation edge structure simulation test unit is installed in the high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit; the integrated computer control unit is connected to the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit, and performs closed-loop feedback control on the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit according to the air pressure and gas flow to maintain a constant pressure state in the installation edge structure simulation test unit; the integrated computer control unit is connected to the high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit to control the temperature and vibration state.

[0009] Furthermore, the installation edge structure simulation test unit includes: a test flange cavity and a flange cover, the metal sealing ring test piece is installed in the test flange cavity, and the flange cover is sealed on the test flange cavity by fastening bolts; the flange cover is provided with an air inlet hole, which is connected to the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit through a metal pipeline; the contact positions of the metal sealing ring with the test flange cavity and the flange cover are sealing surfaces, forming a high-pressure sealed space composed of the inner wall of the metal sealing ring and the upper and lower surfaces of the test flange cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, the test flange cavity and the flange cover are made of the same material, stainless steel or high-temperature alloy, and the diameter of the test flange cavity is 50 to 200 mm; the number of fastening bolts and nuts is 6 to 12 groups, evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the flange cover, and the material is stainless steel or high-temperature alloy; the metal sealing ring test piece is C-type, O-type or W-type.

[0011] Furthermore, the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit includes: an air compressor, a pressure reducing valve, a digital gas mass flowmeter and a pressure sensor; the air compressor is connected to the air inlet hole of the flange cover through a metal pipe, and the pressure reducing valve, the digital gas mass flowmeter and the pressure sensor are arranged on the metal pipe in sequence, and the air pressure sensor is used to measure the gas pressure in the installation edge structure simulation test unit; the digital gas mass flowmeter is used to measure and adjust the gas flow of the metal pipe; the digital gas mass flowmeter and the pressure sensor are respectively connected to the integrated computer control unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit includes: a flexible insulation cover, an armored high temperature heating platform and an electric vibration platform; the armored high temperature heating platform is arranged on the electric vibration platform and fixedly connected by metal legs; heating wires are spirally arranged inside the side walls and bottom surfaces of the armored high temperature heating platform, a temperature sensor is provided on the bottom surface of the armored high temperature heating platform, and the outside of the armored high temperature heating platform is coated with aluminum silicate or glass fiber insulation material.

[0013] Furthermore, the flexible thermal insulation cover is made of aluminum silicate ceramic or glass fiber; the heating wire of the armored high-temperature heating platform is made of nickel-chromium or platinum-aluminum material; the shell of the armored high-temperature heating platform is made of stainless steel or high-temperature alloy; the temperature sensor is a platinum resistor or a thermocouple, and the heating temperature is 30~800℃.

[0014] Furthermore, the integrated computer control unit realizes data communication with the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit and the high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit respectively through the Modbus protocol, and the control parameters include test time, gas pressure, gas flow, ambient temperature, vibration frequency and vibration acceleration; the integrated computer control unit adjusts the real-time gas flow of the digital gas mass flowmeter through feedback control according to the gas pressure in the installation edge structure simulation test unit measured by the air pressure sensor, realizes PID closed-loop control of the gas pressure, and maintains a constant pressure state in the installation edge structure simulation test unit; the integrated computer control unit integrates the gas flow data after the test starts to obtain the total volume of gas introduced into the installation edge structure simulation test unit during the test, and the gas volume is the leakage of the metal sealing ring, and the leakage per unit time is the gas leakage rate of the metal sealing ring; after the set sealing performance test process is completed, the integrated computer control unit directly displays the gas leakage and leakage rate of the output metal sealing ring, and completes automatic recording.

[0015] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the number of the installation edge structure simulation test units and the gas pressurization-leakage measurement units is 1-4 groups, the gas pressure of each group can be independently set and controlled, and the gas leakage of each group can be measured separately.

[0016] The sealing performance testing device for a metal sealing ring in a high-temperature-vibration coupling environment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This metal sealing ring sealing performance test device utilizes a digital gas mass flowmeter and pressure sensor in a closed-loop manner in the inlet air path to stably control the test flange cavity pressure and accurately measure the metal sealing ring gas leakage rate in real time. It can also simulate the high-temperature and / or high-frequency vibration conditions experienced in aircraft engine service, allowing for parallel testing of the sealing performance of one or more metal sealing rings. Furthermore, its unique thermal insulation design significantly shortens the testing period for metal sealing ring sealing performance tests in a high-temperature, vibration-coupled environment, improving the stability and reliability of the device's operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a device for testing the sealing performance of a metal sealing ring in a high-temperature-vibration coupling environment according to the present invention;

[0019] Among them, 11-test flange cavity, 12-fastening bolts, 13-flange cover, 21-air compressor, 22-pressure reducing valve, 23-digital gas mass flow meter, 24-pressure sensor, 31-flexible insulation cover, 32-armored high-temperature heating table, 33-electric vibration platform, 4-integrated computer control unit, 5-metal sealing ring test piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, a high temperature-vibration coupling environment metal sealing ring sealing performance test device of the present invention includes: an installation edge structure simulation test unit, a gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit, a high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit and an integrated computer control unit.

[0021] The metal sealing ring test piece 5 is installed in the installation edge structure simulation test unit to seal it, and the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit is connected to the installation edge structure simulation test unit through a metal pipeline, and gas is introduced into the installation edge structure simulation test unit to measure the air pressure in the installation edge structure simulation test unit and the gas flow in the metal pipeline; the installation edge structure simulation test unit is installed in the high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit; the integrated computer control unit 4 is connected to the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit, and performs closed-loop feedback control on the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit according to the air pressure and gas flow to maintain a constant pressure state in the installation edge structure simulation test unit; the integrated computer control unit 4 is connected to the high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit to control the temperature and vibration state.

[0022] The mounting edge structure simulation test unit comprises a test flange cavity 11 and a flange cover 13. The metal sealing ring test piece 5 is installed in the test flange cavity 11, and the flange cover 13 is sealed to the test flange cavity 11 by fastening bolts 12. The flange cover 13 is provided with an air inlet hole and connected to the gas pressurization and leakage measurement unit via a metal pipeline. The contact points between the metal sealing ring test piece and the test flange cavity 11 and the flange cover 13 respectively form sealing surfaces, forming a high-pressure sealed space formed by the inner wall of the metal sealing ring test piece and the upper and lower surfaces of the test flange cavity.

[0023] The test flange cavity 11 and the flange cover 13 are made of the same material, stainless steel or high-temperature alloy, preferably high-temperature alloy. The length of the external metal pipe of the flange cover 13 is 20 to 50 cm, preferably 40 cm. The sufficient pipe length ensures that the subsequent connection components of the metal pipe are not affected by high temperature. The diameter of the test flange cavity 11 is 50 to 200 mm; the size of the fastening bolts and nuts is M6 to M10, the number is 6 to 12 groups, evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the flange cover, and the material is stainless steel or high-temperature alloy, preferably stainless steel. The metal sealing ring test piece is C-type, O-type or W-type.

[0024] The gas pressurization and leakage measurement unit includes an air compressor 21, a pressure reducing valve 22, a digital gas mass flowmeter 23, and a pressure sensor 24. The air compressor 21 is connected to the air inlet of the flange cover 13 via a metal pipe. The pressure reducing valve 22, digital gas mass flowmeter 23, and pressure sensor 24 are sequentially installed on the metal pipe. The pressure sensor 24 is used to measure the gas pressure in the mounting edge structure simulation test unit. The digital gas mass flowmeter 23 is used to measure and adjust the gas flow in the metal pipe. The digital gas mass flowmeter 23 and pressure sensor 24 are each connected to the integrated computer control unit 4. The pressure regulating range of the pressure reducing valve is 0.15 to 0.30 MPa, the flow range of the digital gas mass flowmeter is 0.5 to 100.0 sccm, and the control accuracy range is 0.1 to 1.0 sccm.

[0025] The high-temperature-vibration coupled environment simulation unit comprises a flexible, insulated upper cover 31, an armored high-temperature heating platform 32, and an electric vibration platform 33. The armored high-temperature heating platform 32 is mounted on the electric vibration platform 33 and fixedly connected via metal legs. Helical heating wires are arranged within the side walls and bottom of the armored high-temperature heating platform 32. A temperature sensor is located on the bottom of the armored high-temperature heating platform 32. The armored high-temperature heating platform 32 is covered with aluminum silicate or fiberglass insulation material.

[0026] The flexible thermal insulation cover 31 is made of aluminum silicate ceramic or glass fiber, preferably aluminum silicate ceramic fiber. The heating wire of the armored high-temperature heating table is made of nickel-chromium or platinum-aluminum material, preferably nickel-chromium material. The shell of the armored high-temperature heating table is made of stainless steel or high-temperature alloy, preferably stainless steel. The temperature sensor is a platinum resistor or a thermocouple. The heating power range is 50 to 2000W, and the heating temperature is 30 to 800°C. After the test is completed and heating is stopped, the flexible thermal insulation cover 31 can be easily removed, which helps to quickly dissipate heat from the test flange cavity 11 and the metal sealing ring test piece 5, shortening the experimental cycle. The height of the metal support feet is 10 to 40 mm, and preferably 4 support feet with a height of 15 mm are designed to reduce the heat transfer from the armored high-temperature heating table to the electric vibration platform below. Combined with convection fan cooling, it can ensure that the electric vibration platform operates at room temperature. The vibration frequency of the electric vibration platform is 1 to 600 Hz, and the vibration acceleration is 1 to 20g.

[0027] The integrated computer control unit 4 communicates data with the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit and the high-temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit via the Modbus protocol. Control parameters include test time, gas pressure, gas flow, ambient temperature, vibration frequency, and vibration acceleration. Based on the gas pressure in the mounting edge structure simulation test unit measured by the air pressure sensor 24, the integrated computer control unit 4 uses feedback control to adjust the real-time gas flow of the digital gas mass flowmeter 23, implementing PID closed-loop control of the gas pressure to maintain a constant pressure state within the mounting edge structure simulation test unit. The integrated computer control unit 4 integrates the gas flow data after the test begins to obtain the total volume of gas introduced into the mounting edge structure simulation test unit during the test. This gas volume represents the metal sealing ring leakage, and the leakage per unit time represents the metal sealing ring gas leakage rate. After the set sealing performance test process is completed, the integrated computer control unit directly displays and outputs the metal sealing ring gas leakage volume and leakage rate, and automatically records them.

[0028] During specific implementation, the number of installed edge structure simulation test units and gas pressurization-leakage measurement units is 1-4 groups. The gas pressure of each group can be independently set and controlled, and the gas leakage of each group can be measured separately.

[0029] Example

[0030] During specific implementation, the air inlet of the flange cover 13 of the installation edge structure simulation test unit and the metal pipe of the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit are connected through a metal ferrule joint. The metal sealing ring test piece 5 is installed in the test flange cavity 11, and the flange cover 13 and the test flange cavity 11 are locked with the fastening bolts 12. The required compression deformation of the metal sealing ring test piece is the cavity design height of the metal sealing ring test piece 5 minus the locked cavity height. The integrated computer control unit 4 controls the air compressor 21 to pass gas into the test flange cavity 11 of the installation edge structure simulation test unit to perform a pressurization test and check the installation status of the installation edge structure simulation test unit. The air pressure is set to 0.25MPa. Soap water is sprayed on the edge of the contact surface between the flange cover 13 and the test flange cavity 11. When the cavity pressure can be maintained stably and the soap water bubbles at the edge are uniform and continuous, the installation of the installation edge structure simulation test unit is considered qualified. At the same time, the air pressure in the installation edge structure simulation test unit is kept constant.

[0031] After the metal sealing ring test piece is installed, the mounting edge structure simulation test unit is placed into the contoured groove of the armored high-temperature heating platform 32, which forms a clearance fit with the test flange cavity 11. The flexible insulation cover 31 is placed on the armored high-temperature heating platform 32. The integrated computer control unit 4 controls the armored high-temperature heating platform 32 to heat the mounting edge structure simulation test unit to the required test temperature (525°C). After 15 minutes, the target temperature of 525°C is reached and maintained for 20 minutes to improve temperature uniformity. Finally, the integrated computer control unit 4 controls the electric vibration platform 33 to vibrate the metal sealing ring test piece 5 in the mounting edge structure simulation test unit at the required test frequency (240 Hz) and vibration acceleration (1.5 g), causing micro-motion damage to the metal sealing ring test piece 5. Simultaneously, the integrated computer control unit 4 controls the start of the sealing performance test countdown (5 minutes) and records the total volume of gas introduced into the mounting edge structure simulation test unit during the test, i.e., the gas leakage from the mounting edge structure simulation test unit, and displays the leakage rate on the computer screen. After the countdown ends, the sample is indicated as qualified based on the gas leakage rate indicator (0.1ml / s) required for the sealing test. When the metal sealing ring leakage rate exceeds the standard, a text and buzzer alarm are displayed. After the high-temperature-vibration coupled metal sealing ring sealing performance test is completed, the flexible insulation cover can be opened to accelerate the cooling of the mounting edge structure simulation test unit to improve experimental efficiency.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the concept of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for testing the sealing performance of metal sealing rings in a high temperature-vibration coupling environment, characterized in that: include: Installation side structure simulation test unit, gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit, high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit and integrated computer control unit; The metal sealing ring test piece is installed in the installation edge structure simulation test unit to seal it, and the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit is connected to the installation edge structure simulation test unit through a metal pipeline, and gas is introduced into the installation edge structure simulation test unit to measure the air pressure in the installation edge structure simulation test unit and the gas flow in the metal pipeline; the installation edge structure simulation test unit is installed in the high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit; the integrated computer control unit is connected to the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit, and performs closed-loop feedback control on the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit according to the air pressure and gas flow to maintain a constant pressure state in the installation edge structure simulation test unit; the integrated computer control unit is connected to the high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit to control the temperature and vibration state; The mounting edge structure simulation test unit includes: a test flange cavity and a flange cover, the metal sealing ring test piece is installed in the test flange cavity, and the flange cover is sealed on the test flange cavity by fastening bolts; the flange cover is provided with an air inlet hole, which is connected to the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit through a metal pipeline; the contact points of the metal sealing ring test piece with the test flange cavity and the flange cover respectively serve as sealing surfaces, forming a high-pressure sealed space composed of the inner wall of the metal sealing ring test piece and the upper and lower surfaces of the test flange cavity; The high-temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit includes: a flexible insulation cover, an armored high-temperature heating platform and an electric vibration platform; the armored high-temperature heating platform is arranged on the electric vibration platform and fixedly connected by metal legs; heating wires are spirally arranged in the side walls and bottom surface of the armored high-temperature heating platform, a temperature sensor is set on the bottom surface of the armored high-temperature heating platform, and the outside of the armored high-temperature heating platform is covered with aluminum silicate or glass fiber insulation material.

2. The sealing performance testing device for metal sealing rings in a high temperature-vibration coupling environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test flange cavity and the flange cover are made of the same material, stainless steel or high-temperature alloy, and the diameter of the test flange cavity is 50~200 mm; the number of fastening bolts and nuts is 6~12 groups, evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the flange cover, and the material is stainless steel or high-temperature alloy; the metal sealing ring test piece is C-type, O-type or W-type.

3. The sealing performance testing device for metal sealing rings in a high temperature-vibration coupling environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit includes: an air compressor, a pressure reducing valve, a digital gas mass flowmeter and a pressure sensor; the air compressor is connected to the air inlet hole of the flange cover through a metal pipeline, the pressure reducing valve, the digital gas mass flowmeter and the pressure sensor are arranged in sequence on the metal pipeline, the air pressure sensor is used to measure the gas pressure in the installation side structure simulation test unit; the digital gas mass flowmeter is used to measure and adjust the gas flow of the metal pipeline; the digital gas mass flowmeter and the pressure sensor are respectively connected to the integrated computer control unit.

4. The sealing performance testing device for metal sealing rings in a high temperature-vibration coupling environment according to claim 1, wherein: The flexible thermal insulation cover is made of aluminum silicate ceramic or glass fiber; the heating wire of the armored high-temperature heating platform is made of nickel-chromium or platinum-aluminum material; the shell of the armored high-temperature heating platform is made of stainless steel or high-temperature alloy; the temperature sensor is a platinum resistance or thermocouple, and the heating temperature is 30~800℃.

5. The sealing performance testing device for metal sealing rings in a high temperature-vibration coupling environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated computer control unit realizes data communication with the gas pressurization-leakage measurement unit and the high temperature-vibration coupling environment simulation unit respectively through the Modbus protocol, and the control parameters include test time, gas pressure, gas flow, ambient temperature, vibration frequency and vibration acceleration; the integrated computer control unit feedback-controls and adjusts the real-time gas flow of the digital gas mass flowmeter according to the gas pressure in the installation edge structure simulation test unit measured by the air pressure sensor, realizes PID closed-loop control of the gas pressure, and maintains a constant pressure state in the installation edge structure simulation test unit; the integrated computer control unit integrates the gas flow data after the test starts to obtain the total volume of gas introduced into the installation edge structure simulation test unit during the test, and the gas volume is the leakage of the metal sealing ring test piece, and the leakage per unit time is the gas leakage rate of the metal sealing ring; after the set sealing performance test process is completed, the integrated computer control unit directly displays and outputs the gas leakage and leakage rate of the metal sealing ring, and completes automatic recording.

6. The sealing performance testing device for metal sealing rings in a high temperature-vibration coupling environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of installation edge structure simulation test units and gas pressurization-leakage measurement units is 1-4 groups. The gas pressure of each group can be set and controlled independently, and the gas leakage of each group can be measured separately.

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