A bending hole alternate anode and cathode electrochemical machining device and machining method

Abstract

A bending hole alternate anode and cathode electrochemical machining device and machining method provided by the present invention use electrochemical machining for bending holes. On the basis of ensuring the machining efficiency, machining accuracy, no residual stress and heat affected zone on the surface of the formed workpiece, through the movement cooperation between the tool and the workpiece blank and the different machining modes brought by the switching of the anode and cathode between the tool and the workpiece blank, the applicable range and versatility are improved, and the implementation difficulty is reduced; at the same time, this machining method directly processes and forms the workpiece blank in one go, without being divided into two processes of rough machining and finish machining, avoiding the errors caused by disassembling and assembling the fixture, thereby effectively improving the machining accuracy of the bending hole; in addition, the tool body is designed as a four-layer stacked structure. By designing the contour morphology of the copper-tungsten alloy layer into different shapes, it can be applicable to the machining of bending holes with different curvatures, different directions and multi-segment complex bending holes, further solving the problem of low versatility of the current electrochemical machining method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical machining devices, and particularly relates to a bent-hole alternating anode and cathode electrolytic machining device and a machining method. Background Art

[0002] Bent-hole structures frequently appear in fluid transmission, mold cooling, oil circuits of hydraulic components, and high-precision equipment in the military industry, significantly improving the quality and production efficiency of products. However, the morphology of bent-hole structures is complex, with high requirements for surface finish, profile accuracy, etc. Especially after using difficult-to-machine materials with excellent properties such as titanium alloy and titanium aluminide, the bent-hole machining process and equipment become complex and the machining difficulty is high.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for machining bent holes are boring, electrical discharge machining, electron beam machining, laser machining, and electrolytic machining, etc. Among them, boring uses multi-segment straight holes to fit and machine bent holes, which has problems such as small curvature change, difficult chip removal, and low machining efficiency; electrical discharge machining realizes bent-hole machining by designing electrical discharge machining tools and devices and improving electrical discharge machine tools, which has problems such as electrode loss, recast layer, and low machining efficiency; electron beam machining utilizes the deflection of electron beams affected by magnetic fields to machine bent holes with a certain curvature on the workpiece blank, but has problems such as high requirements for the machining environment and local residual stress; laser machining generally uses the reflection of laser beams on the hole wall to realize bent-hole machining, but has problems such as a large number of tests needed to adjust laser beam parameters when changing materials and machining defects on the surface; electrolytic machining needs to design complex machining tools and devices to utilize electrochemical reactions to machine bent holes, resulting in a narrow application range, low versatility, and high implementation difficulty.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a bent-hole alternating anode and cathode electrolytic machining device and a machining method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art, a bent-hole alternating anode and cathode electrolytic machining device and a machining method are provided, which can solve the problems of narrow application range, low versatility, and high implementation difficulty existing in the current electrolytic machining method for bent holes.

[0006] A bent-hole alternating anode and cathode electrolytic machining device provided for achieving the purpose of the present invention includes a tool and a power supply. The tool is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply through wires. The bottom of the tool is inserted into the workpiece blank for bent-hole machining. The workpiece blank is also connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply through wires. The workpiece blank is placed on a vibration device, and the bottom of the vibration device is successively provided with a machine tool X displacement platform and a machine tool Y displacement platform from top to bottom to realize the adjustment of the position of the workpiece blank on the horizontal plane.

[0007] As a further improvement of the above solution, the tool includes a machine tool spindle and a tool body. The bottom surface of the machine tool spindle is closely combined with the top surface of the tool body to drive the tool body to move in the vertical direction by the machine tool spindle. The side part of the tool body is a four-layer stacked structure, and from the outside to the inside, there are a first capillary quartz glass layer, a stainless steel layer, a second capillary quartz glass layer, and a copper tungsten alloy layer in sequence. The bottom of the tool body is a three-layer stacked structure, and from bottom to top, there are a stainless steel layer, a second capillary quartz glass layer, and a copper tungsten alloy layer in sequence. Both the first capillary quartz glass layer and the second capillary quartz glass layer serve as insulating layers with a thickness of 0.02 - 0.04 mm. There is a liquid inlet on one side of the machine tool spindle for introducing electrolyte. A hollow cavity is formed in the tool and is connected to the liquid inlet for accommodating the electrolyte. Multiple narrow slots are opened at the bottom of the tool body for the outflow of the electrolyte.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above solution, first positive switches and first negative switches are correspondingly arranged on the wires connecting the tool to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply, and second positive switches and second negative switches are correspondingly arranged on the wires connecting the workpiece blank to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply. The machining voltage provided by the power supply is 0 - 40 V, and the machining current is 0 - 10,000 A.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above solution, by designing the copper tungsten alloy layer in the tool body into different contour morphologies, it can be correspondingly applicable to the machining of holes with different curvatures, holes bent in different directions, and multi-segment complex bent holes.

[0010] A machining method using a bent hole alternating anode and cathode electrolytic machining device includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Close the first negative switch and the second positive switch, and open the first positive switch and the second negative switch. At this time, the workpiece blank is the anode and the tool is the cathode. The tool body is driven by the machine tool spindle to feed vertically downward at a certain feed speed uniformly. The workpiece blank is driven by the machine tool X-displacement platform to move horizontally uniformly, and at the same time, the workpiece blank is vibrated up and down by the vibration device. The electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, passes through the hollow cavity and flows out from the narrow slots, and the workpiece blank is machined through an electrochemical reaction until the first negative switch, the second positive switch are disconnected and the vibration device and the machine tool X-displacement platform are turned off when the initial machining cavity is formed.

[0012] Step 2: Increase the electrolyte pressure to continuously scour the first capillary quartz glass layer in the tool body until the first capillary quartz glass layer is completely broken. When the tool body changes from the outer layer to a three-layer stacked structure of a stainless steel layer, a second capillary quartz glass layer, and a copper tungsten alloy layer, stop introducing the electrolyte into the liquid inlet.

[0013] Step 3: Close the first positive switch and the second negative switch, and open the first negative switch and the second positive switch. At this time, the workpiece blank is the cathode and the tool is the anode. The tool body remains stationary, and the workpiece blank moves left and right under the drive of the X-axis displacement platform of the machine tool, and moves back and forth under the drive of the Y-axis displacement platform of the machine tool at the same time. The electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, passes through the hollow cavity and flows out from the narrow slit. The stainless steel layer in the tool body is corroded and detached during the electrochemical reaction. When the tool body changes from the outside to the two-layer superposition structure of the second capillary quartz glass layer and the copper tungsten alloy layer, disconnect the first positive switch and the second negative switch, and turn off the X-axis displacement platform and the Y-axis displacement platform of the machine tool.

[0014] Step 4: Increase the pressure of the electrolyte to continuously wash the second capillary quartz glass layer in the tool body, causing the second capillary quartz glass layer to completely rupture. When the tool body changes to only the copper tungsten alloy layer, stop feeding the electrolyte into the liquid inlet.

[0015] Step 5: Close the first negative switch and the second positive switch, and open the first positive switch and the second negative switch. At this time, the workpiece blank is the anode and the tool is the cathode. The tool body remains stationary, and the workpiece blank moves left and right under the drive of the X-axis displacement platform of the machine tool, and moves back and forth under the drive of the Y-axis displacement platform of the machine tool at the same time. The electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, passes through the hollow cavity and flows out from the narrow slit. The initial machining cavity obtained in Step 1 is machined through the electrochemical reaction until the target hole cavity is reached, and then disconnect the first negative switch and the second positive switch, and turn off the X-axis displacement platform and the Y-axis displacement platform of the machine tool.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above solution, the feed rate in Step 1 is 0.0 - 2.0 mm / min, and the initial gap is 0.00 - 1.0 mm.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above solution, the temperature of the electrolyte is 0 - 50 °C, and the pressure of the electrolyte at the liquid inlet is 0.00 - 2.00 MPa.

[0018] As a further improvement of the above solution, the electrolyte is selected from sodium nitrate or sodium chloride solution.

[0019] As a further improvement of the above solution, the judgment criteria for the complete rupture of the first capillary quartz glass layer in Step 2 and the second capillary quartz glass layer in Step 4 are as follows: Divide the surface of the side profile and the bottom profile of the tool body into more than 10 regions. Under the power-off condition, use a multimeter to touch different regions on the surface of the side profile and the bottom profile of the tool body. If the resistance value shown by the multimeter is not 1, it means that the first capillary quartz glass layer and the second capillary quartz glass layer have completely fallen off.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above solution, the judgment criterion for the complete corrosion detachment of the stainless steel layer in the third step is as follows: divide the surfaces of the side profile and the bottom profile in the tool body into more than 10 regions. Under the condition of power-off, use a multimeter to touch different regions on the surfaces of the side profile and the bottom profile of the tool body. If the resistance value shown by the multimeter is 1, it means that the stainless steel layer has been completely removed.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a bending hole alternate anode and cathode electrolytic machining device and machining method. The bending hole machining adopts electrolytic machining. On the basis of ensuring the machining efficiency, machining accuracy, no residual stress and heat affected zone on the surface of the formed workpiece, through the movement coordination between the tool and the workpiece blank and the different machining modes brought by the switching of the anode and cathode between the tool and the workpiece blank, compared with the existing electrolytic machining methods, there is no need to design complex machining tools, devices, etc. Therefore, the applicable range and versatility are improved, and the implementation difficulty is reduced. At the same time, this machining method directly processes the workpiece blank into shape at one time, without dividing it into two processes of rough machining and finish machining, avoiding the errors caused by disassembling and assembling the fixture, thus effectively improving the machining accuracy of the bending hole. In addition, the side part of the tool body in the tool is designed as a four-layer superposition structure of the first capillary quartz glass layer, the stainless steel layer, the second capillary quartz glass layer and the copper tungsten alloy layer. By designing the contour morphology of the copper tungsten alloy layer into different shapes, it can be applied to the machining of bending holes with different curvatures, different directions and multi-segment complex bending holes, further solving the problem of low versatility of the current electrolytic machining methods. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the bending hole alternate anode and cathode electrolytic machining device provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the tool in the bending hole alternate anode and cathode electrolytic machining device provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the first step in the machining method provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the third step in the machining method provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is Figure 4 an enlarged schematic diagram of the circle A in

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the fifth step in the machining method provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is Figure 6Enlarged schematic diagram of the middle circle B;

[0030] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the bent hole prepared by the processing method provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 Schematic diagrams of processing bent holes with different curvatures, different directions and multi-segment complex bent holes in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of dividing multiple regions on the surfaces of the side profile and bottom profile in the tool body in the second, third and fourth steps of the processing method provided by the present invention.

[0033] Among them, 1 - tool; 2 - workpiece blank; 3 - vibration device; 4 - machine tool X displacement platform; 5 - machine tool Y displacement platform; 6 - power supply; 11 - machine tool spindle; 12 - first capillary quartz glass layer; 13 - stainless steel layer; 14 - second capillary quartz glass layer; 15 - copper tungsten alloy layer; 16 - hollow cavity; 17 - side profile; 18 - narrow slit; 19 - bottom profile; 61 - first positive electrode switch; 62 - first negative electrode switch; 63 - second positive electrode switch; 64 - second negative electrode switch. Specific embodiments

[0034] The following further elaborates on the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0035] As shown in Figure 1 A bent hole alternate anode and cathode electrolytic machining device provided by the present invention includes a tool 1 and a power supply 6. The tool 1 is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply 6 through wires. The bottom of the tool 1 is inserted into the workpiece blank 2 for bent hole machining. The workpiece blank 2 is also connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply 6 through wires. The workpiece blank 2 is placed on the vibration device 3. The bottom of the vibration device 3 is sequentially provided with a machine tool X displacement platform 4 and a machine tool Y displacement platform 5 from top to bottom to realize the adjustment of the position of the workpiece blank 2 on the horizontal plane. Among them, a first positive electrode switch 61 and a first negative electrode switch 62 are correspondingly arranged on the wires connecting the tool 1 to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply 6, and a second positive electrode switch 63 and a second negative electrode switch 64 are correspondingly arranged on the wires connecting the workpiece blank 2 to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply 6. The machining voltage provided by the power supply 6 is 0 - 40V, and the machining current is 0 - 10000A.

[0036] As shown in Figure 2As shown in the figure, the tool 1 includes a machine tool spindle 11 and a tool body. The bottom surface of the machine tool spindle 11 is closely combined with the top surface of the tool body to drive the tool body to move in the vertical direction by means of the machine tool spindle 11. The side part of the tool body is a four-layer stacked structure, and from the outside to the inside, there are a first capillary quartz glass layer 12, a stainless steel layer 13, a second capillary quartz glass layer 14, and a copper tungsten alloy layer 15 in sequence. The bottom of the tool body is a three-layer stacked structure, and from bottom to top, there are a stainless steel layer 13, a second capillary quartz glass layer 14, and a copper tungsten alloy layer 15 in sequence. On one side of the machine tool spindle 11, there is a liquid inlet for introducing electrolyte. A hollow cavity 16 is formed in the tool 1 and is connected to the liquid inlet for accommodating the electrolyte. A plurality of narrow slits 18 are formed at the bottom of the tool body for the outflow of the electrolyte. The first capillary quartz glass layer 12 and the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 serve as insulating layers and have a thickness of 0.02 - 0.04 mm.

[0037] As Figure 9 shown in the figure, by designing the copper tungsten alloy layer 15 in the tool body into different contour morphologies, it can be correspondingly applicable to the machining of holes with different curvatures, holes bent in different directions, and multi-segment complex bent holes.

[0038] A machining method using a bent hole alternate anode and cathode electrolytic machining device includes the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: As Figure 3 shown in the figure, close the first negative switch 62 and the second positive switch 63, and disconnect the first positive switch 61 and the second negative switch 64. At this time, the workpiece blank 2 is the anode and the tool 1 is the cathode. The tool 1 feeds obliquely at a certain angle relative to the workpiece blank 2, that is, the tool body is driven by the machine tool spindle 11 to feed vertically downward at a constant feed speed uniformly. The workpiece blank 2 moves horizontally at a constant speed under the drive of the machine tool X-displacement platform 4. At the same time, the workpiece blank 2 vibrates up and down under the drive of the vibration device 3 to improve the stability of the machining flow field. The electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, flows out from the narrow slits 18 through the hollow cavity 16, and while taking away the electrolytic products in the machining area, processes the workpiece blank 2 through an electrochemical reaction until the first negative switch 62, the second positive switch 63 are disconnected and the vibration device 3 and the machine tool X-displacement platform 4 are turned off when the initial machining cavity is formed;

[0040] Step 2: Increase the electrolyte pressure to continuously wash the first capillary quartz glass layer 12 in the tool body until the first capillary quartz glass layer 12 is completely broken. When the tool body changes from the outside to the three-layer stacked structure of the stainless steel layer 13, the second capillary quartz glass layer 14, and the copper tungsten alloy layer 15, stop introducing the electrolyte into the liquid inlet. The judgment criteria for the complete breakage of the first capillary quartz glass layer 12 and the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 in Step 4 are: As Figure 10As shown, the surfaces of the side profile 17 and the bottom profile 19 in the tool body are divided into more than 10 regions. Under the power-off condition, use a multimeter to touch different regions on the surfaces of the side profile 17 and the bottom profile 19 in the tool body. If the resistance value shown by the multimeter is not 1, it means that the first capillary quartz glass layer 12 and the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 have completely peeled off.

[0041] Step Three: As Figure 4 shown, close the first positive switch 61 and the second negative switch 64, and open the first negative switch 62 and the second positive switch 63. At this time, the workpiece blank 2 is the cathode and the tool 1 is the anode. The tool body remains stationary, and the workpiece blank 2 moves left and right under the drive of the machine tool X-displacement platform 4, and at the same time, the workpiece blank 2 moves back and forth under the drive of the machine tool Y-displacement platform 5; the electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, passes through the hollow cavity 16 and flows out from the narrow slit 18. The stainless steel layer 13 in the tool body undergoes corrosion and detachment in the electrochemical reaction. As Figure 5 shown, when the tool body changes from the outside to the two-layer stacked structure of the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 and the copper-tungsten alloy layer 15, disconnect the first positive switch 61 and the second negative switch 64 and turn off the machine tool X-displacement platform 4 and the machine tool Y-displacement platform 5; the judgment criterion for all the stainless steel layer 13 to be corroded and detached is: as Figure 10 shown, the surfaces of the side profile 17 and the bottom profile 19 in the tool body are divided into more than 10 regions. Under the power-off condition, use a multimeter to touch different regions on the surfaces of the side profile 17 and the bottom profile 19 in the tool body. If the resistance value shown by the multimeter is 1, it means that the stainless steel layer 13 has been completely removed.

[0042] Step Four: Increase the electrolyte pressure to continuously wash the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 in the tool body, so that the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 is completely broken. As Figure 7 shown, when the tool body changes to only the copper-tungsten alloy layer 15, stop feeding the electrolyte into the liquid inlet.

[0043] Step Five: As Figure 6 shown, close the first negative switch 62 and the second positive switch 63, and open the first positive switch 61 and the second negative switch 64. At this time, the workpiece blank 2 is the anode and the tool 1 is the cathode. The tool body remains stationary, and the workpiece blank 2 moves left and right under the drive of the machine tool X-displacement platform 4, and at the same time, the workpiece blank 2 moves back and forth under the drive of the machine tool Y-displacement platform 5; the electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, passes through the hollow cavity 16 and flows out from the narrow slit 18. The initial machining cavity obtained in Step One is machined through the electrochemical reaction until the target hole cavity is reached, then disconnect the first negative switch 62 and the second positive switch 63 and turn off the machine tool X-displacement platform 4 and the machine tool Y-displacement platform 5. The final shape of the bent hole is as Figure 8 shown.

[0044] In addition, the feed rate in Step 1 is 0.0 - 2.0 mm / min, and the initial gap is 0.00 - 1.00 mm.

[0045] The electrolyte temperature is 0 - 50 °C, the electrolyte pressure at the liquid inlet is 0.00 - 2.00 MPa, and the electrolyte is sodium nitrate or sodium chloride solution.

[0046] The above embodiments are not limited to the technical solutions of their own embodiments, and the embodiments can be combined with each other to form new embodiments. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for electrolytic machining of curved holes with alternating anodes and cathodes, characterized by: The invention comprises a tool (1) and a power supply (6), wherein the positive and negative electrodes of the tool (1) and the power supply (6) are connected via a wire, the bottom of the tool (1) is inserted into a workpiece blank (2) for bending hole processing, and the workpiece blank (2) is also connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply (6) via a wire, and the workpiece blank (2) is placed on a vibration device (3), and the bottom of the vibration device (3) is sequentially provided with a machine tool X displacement platform (4) and a machine tool Y displacement platform (5) from top to bottom to achieve adjustment of the position of the workpiece blank (2) on the horizontal plane; the tool (1) comprises a machine tool spindle (11) and a tool body, the bottom surface of the machine tool spindle (11) is tightly combined with the top surface of the tool body, so that the machine tool spindle (11) is used to drive the tool body to move in the vertical direction, and the side of the tool body The top of the tool body is a four-layer stacked structure and is provided with a first capillary quartz glass layer (12), a stainless steel layer (13), a second capillary quartz glass layer (14) and a copper-tungsten alloy layer (15) in sequence from the outside to the inside. The bottom of the tool body is a three-layer stacked structure and is provided with a stainless steel layer (13), a second capillary quartz glass layer (14) and a copper-tungsten alloy layer (15) in sequence from the bottom to the top. The first capillary quartz glass layer (12) and the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) are both used as insulating layers and have a thickness of 0.02-0.04 mm. A liquid inlet is provided on one side of the machine tool spindle (11) for introducing electrolyte. A hollow cavity (16) is provided in the tool (1) and is connected to the liquid inlet for accommodating electrolyte. A plurality of narrow slits (18) are provided at the bottom of the tool body for the outflow of electrolyte.

2. The device for electrolytic machining of curved holes with alternating anodes and cathodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first positive switch (61) and a first negative switch (62) are correspondingly provided on the wires connecting the tool (1) to the positive and negative poles of the power supply (6), and a second positive switch (63) and a second negative switch (64) are correspondingly provided on the wires connecting the workpiece blank (2) to the positive and negative poles of the power supply (6). The power supply (6) provides a machining voltage of 0 to 40 V and a machining current of 0 to 10,000 A.

3. The device for electrolytic machining of curved holes with alternating anodes and cathodes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The copper-tungsten alloy layer (15) in the tool body is designed to have different contours and morphologies, which can be suitable for processing curved holes with different curvatures and directions, and multi-section complex curved holes.

4. A processing method using the curved hole alternating cathode and anode electrolytic processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Close the first negative switch (62) and the second positive switch (63), and disconnect the first positive switch (61) and the second negative switch (64). At this time, the workpiece blank (2) is the anode, and the tool (1) is the cathode. The tool body is driven by the machine tool spindle (11) to feed vertically downward at a certain feed speed. The workpiece blank (2) is driven by the machine tool X-displacement platform (4) to move horizontally at a uniform speed. At the same time, the workpiece blank (2) is driven by the vibration device (3) to vibrate up and down. The electrolyte flows into the liquid inlet and flows out from the narrow slit (18) through the hollow cavity (16). The workpiece blank (2) is processed by electrochemical reaction until the first negative switch (62) and the second positive switch (63) are disconnected and the vibration device (3) and the machine tool X-displacement platform (4) are turned off when the initial processing cavity is formed. Step 2: increasing the electrolyte pressure so that the electrolyte continuously flushes the first capillary quartz glass layer (12) in the tool body, causing the first capillary quartz glass layer (12) to completely break. When the tool body transforms from the outside to the inside into a three-layer stacked structure of a stainless steel layer (13), a second capillary quartz glass layer (14), and a copper-tungsten alloy layer (15), stopping the electrolyte from being introduced into the liquid inlet. Step 3: Close the first positive switch (61) and the second negative switch (64), and disconnect the first negative switch (62) and the second positive switch (63). At this time, the workpiece blank (2) is the cathode, the tool (1) is the anode, the tool body remains stationary, the workpiece blank (2) moves left and right under the drive of the machine tool X displacement platform (4), and at the same time, the workpiece blank (2) moves forward and backward under the drive of the machine tool Y displacement platform (5); the electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet and flows out from the narrow slit (18) through the hollow cavity (16), and the stainless steel layer (13) in the tool body corrodes and detaches in the electrochemical reaction. When the tool body is transformed from the outside to the inside into a two-layer superimposed structure of the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) and the copper-tungsten alloy layer (15), the first positive switch (61) and the second negative switch (64) are disconnected, and the machine tool X displacement platform (4) and the machine tool Y displacement platform (5) are closed; Step 4: increasing the electrolyte pressure so that the electrolyte continuously flushes the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) in the tool body, causing the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) to completely break. When the tool body is transformed into only the copper-tungsten alloy layer (15), stopping the electrolyte from being introduced into the liquid inlet; Step 5: Close the first negative switch (62) and the second positive switch (63), and disconnect the first positive switch (61) and the second negative switch (64). At this time, the workpiece blank (2) is the anode, the tool (1) is the cathode, the tool body remains stationary, and the workpiece blank (2) moves left and right under the drive of the machine tool X displacement platform (4). At the same time, the workpiece blank (2) moves forward and backward under the drive of the machine tool Y displacement platform (5); the electrolyte flows into the liquid inlet and flows out from the narrow slit (18) through the hollow cavity (16). The primary processing cavity obtained in step 1 is processed by electrochemical reaction until the target cavity is reached, and then the first negative switch (62) and the second positive switch (63) are disconnected and the machine tool X displacement platform (4) and the machine tool Y displacement platform (5) are closed.

5. The method for electrolytic machining of curved holes with alternating cathodes and anodes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The feed rate in step 1 is 0.0-2.0 mm / min, and the initial gap is 0.00-1.00 mm.

6. The method for electrolytic machining of curved holes with alternating anodes and cathodes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electrolyte temperature is 0-50°C, and the electrolyte pressure at the liquid inlet is 0.00-2.00 MPa.

7. The method for electrolytic machining of curved holes with alternating anodes and cathodes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electrolyte is sodium nitrate or sodium chloride solution.

8. The method for electrolytic machining of curved holes with alternating anodes and cathodes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The judgment criteria for whether the first capillary quartz glass layer (12) in step 2 and the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) in step 4 are completely broken are as follows: the surface of the side profile (17) and the bottom profile (19) in the tool body are divided into more than 10 areas, and different areas of the surface of the side profile (17) and the bottom profile (19) in the tool body are touched with a multimeter in a power-off state. If the resistance value displayed by the multimeter is a value other than 1, it indicates that the first capillary quartz glass layer (12) and the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) have been completely detached.

9. The method for electrolytic machining of curved holes with alternating anodes and cathodes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The judgment standard for whether the stainless steel layer (13) is completely corroded and detached in the step 3 is as follows: the surface of the side profile (17) and the bottom profile (19) of the tool body are divided into more than 10 areas, and different areas of the surface of the side profile (17) and the bottom profile (19) of the tool body are touched with a multimeter when the power is off. If the resistance value displayed by the multimeter is 1, it means that the stainless steel layer (13) has been completely removed.

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