A model maintenance device simulating real environment of an arch dam and a method of using the same

Abstract

The application provides a model maintenance device for simulating the real environment of an arch dam and a use method thereof. The design idea of the model maintenance device is simple and clear. The upstream and downstream of a related scale model of the arch dam are separated by a glass partition in a closed space, and water is added in the upstream and downstream respectively, so that the scientific research purpose of considering the real environment influence in the laboratory is achieved by realizing the scale model test of the arch dam structure, and the defect that the existing scale model of the arch dam cannot consider the environmental action is filled. The overall structure of the model maintenance device is simple, the installation is convenient, the use method is easy to operate, the overall transportation is convenient, and the model maintenance device can be combined with an environmental box for use, so that the authenticity of the environmental simulation is further enhanced. Finally, the application can provide the environmental action of simulating the static water pressure, dry-wet cycle, freeze-thaw cycle and long-term immersion, and has important role and significance for improving the reliability of the test results of the scale model of the arch dam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of scaled-down model testing of arch dam structures in water conservancy projects, and particularly to a model maintenance device that simulates the real environment of an arch dam and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] my country's water and hydropower resources are mostly concentrated in high dams and large reservoirs. These large and medium-sized water conservancy projects, as important national infrastructure, play a vital role in economic development and maintaining social stability. Arch dams are an extremely important type of water-retaining structure in water conservancy projects. With the increasing emphasis placed on water conservancy facilities by the state in recent years, research on arch dam structures has also attracted growing attention.

[0003] Scaled-down model tests of arch dams are currently one of the main methods for studying the structural safety performance of arch dams. The results provide important reference and value for analyzing and evaluating the structural safety performance of arch dams. (See appendix to the instruction manual.) Figure 1 Arch dam structures are submerged in water year-round, especially the upstream face, where most of the area is underwater. The aquatic environment causes complex temperature-humidity-force-chemical coupling reactions in the arch dam structure, greatly affecting its structural performance. However, existing scaled-down model tests of arch dam structures have not considered the simulated environmental impacts on the arch dam structure.

[0004] Based on the problems and shortcomings of current scaled-down model tests of arch dams, there is an urgent need to develop a scaled-down model maintenance device that can simulate the real environment that arch dams are subjected to. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a model maintenance device and its usage method that simulates the real environment of an arch dam, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of this invention is as follows: a model maintenance device simulating the real environment of an arch dam, including a water tank and a baffle.

[0007] The water tank has an open top and an inner cavity. A scale model is arranged inside the inner cavity of the water tank. A partition fills the gap between the scale model and the inner wall of the water tank. The partition and the scale model divide the inner cavity of the water tank into an upstream cavity and a downstream cavity. Both the upstream and downstream cavities are filled with water. The liquid level in the upstream cavity is marked as the upstream water level, and the liquid level in the downstream cavity is marked as the downstream water level.

[0008] The water tank is equipped with a gate and two sets of drain valves on its side wall. The gate is located in the upstream chamber. The two sets of drain valves are respectively located in the upstream chamber and the downstream chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, the water tank includes a tank wall, a gate, and a base. The gate is a rectangular plate structure. The upper surface of the base has a pre-reserved groove. The tank wall includes four rectangular side plates. The lower ends of the rectangular side plates are embedded in the pre-reserved grooves. The four rectangular side plates are arranged to form the tank wall. The four rectangular side plates are sequentially labeled as the first side wall, the second side wall, the third side wall, and the fourth side wall. The two sets of drain valves are located on the second side wall. The partition is arranged in the gap between the scaled-down model and the second and fourth side walls.

[0010] A notch is provided on the first sidewall. Two grooves are provided on the side edge of the notch for wedging into the gate. The gate is inserted into the notch. The edge of the gate is correspondingly inserted into the groove. The box wall, the gate, and the base together enclose the inner cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the gate has a gate lifting ring. In use, a rope is attached to the gate lifting ring, and the gate's raising and lowering is controlled by pulling the rope.

[0012] Furthermore, the gate lifting ring is a C-shaped plastic lifting ring. The gate panel has lifting ring mounting holes.

[0013] Furthermore, the box walls, gates, and partitions are all made of transparent material.

[0014] Furthermore, the materials of the box walls, gates, and partitions are plexiglass or tempered glass.

[0015] Furthermore, a waterproof sealing strip is affixed to the groove. A waterproof sealing strip is also affixed to the joint between the glass partition and the box wall.

[0016] Furthermore, the waterproof sealing strip is made of waterproof felt.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a partition support frame. The partition support frame is used to support and stabilize the partition.

[0018] This invention also discloses a model maintenance method for simulating the real environment of an arch dam based on the above-mentioned model maintenance device, comprising the following steps:

[0019] 1) The model dimensions are determined based on similarity criteria using engineering data. The scaled-down model is based on a certain scale, either as a whole or in part, of the actual arch dam structure in a hydraulic engineering project.

[0020] 2) A scaled-down model is constructed using micro-particle concrete. This scaled-down model can be a full-arch dam scaled-down model, an arch crown beam scaled-down model, or an arch ring beam scaled-down model.

[0021] 3) Place the scaled-down model into the inner cavity of the water tank. Simulate the real environment of the arch dam by adjusting the upstream and downstream water levels, setting temperature and humidity timelines. The real environment includes hydrostatic pressure, wet-dry cycles, and long-term immersion.

[0022] 4) Cure the scaled-down model to the designed age.

[0023] The technical effects of this invention are beyond doubt:

[0024] A. The components of the maintenance device are widely available and inexpensive, making them easy to promote and with broad market prospects;

[0025] B. The design concept is simple and clear. By separating the upstream and downstream of the scaled-down arch dam model in a closed space with a glass partition, and then adding water to the upstream and downstream to the design water level respectively, the scientific research objective of considering the real environmental impact in the laboratory scaled-down arch dam model test is achieved, filling the gap in the existing scaled-down arch dam model test that fails to consider the environmental effect.

[0026] C. The overall structure is simple, easy to install, easy to operate, and convenient for overall transportation. It can be used in conjunction with an environmental chamber to further enhance the simulation effect of the real environment of the arch dam. Ultimately, this invention can provide simulated hydrostatic pressure, wet-dry cycle, freeze-thaw cycle and long-term immersion environment, which plays an important role and significance in improving the reliability of the test results of the scaled arch dam model. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 The temperature-humidity-force-chemical coupling reaction of the arch dam structure is influenced by the aquatic environment.

[0028] Figure 2 This is an isometric side view of Example 3;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the construction of Example 3;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a top view of Example 3;

[0031] Figure 5 This is the front view of Example 3;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a side view of Example 3;

[0033] Figure 7 This is an isometric side view of the glass partition support frame in Example 3;

[0034] Figure 8 This is an isometric side view of Example 4;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a side view of Example 4;

[0036] Figure 10 This is the front view of Example 4;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a top view of Example 4;

[0038] Figure 12 This is an isometric side view of Example 5;

[0039] Figure 13 This is a top view of Example 5;

[0040] Figure 14 This is the front view of Example 5;

[0041] Figure 15 This is a side view of Example 5;

[0042] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the scaled-down model structure;

[0043] Figure 17 This is a simplified spectrum of annual temperature variation in the natural environment in Example 8;

[0044] Figure 18 This is the accelerated freeze-thaw temperature spectrum of the indoor simulated natural environment in Example 8;

[0045] Figure 19 This is a spectrum of the ideal humidity cycle regime in the simulated natural indoor environment in Example 8;

[0046] Figure 20 The humidity cycle spectrum of the indoor simulated natural environment and the humidity cycle spectrum of the environmental chamber are shown in Example 8.

[0047] In the diagram: 1. Box wall; 2. Gate; 3. Waterproof sealing strip; 4. Gate lifting ring; 5. Drain valve; 6. Base; 7. Partition support frame; 8. Partition; 9. Scale model; 10. Upstream water level; 11. Downstream water level. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Various substitutions and modifications made based on ordinary technical knowledge and common practices in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] To address the reliability issues arising from the lack of consideration for real-world environmental influences in existing scaled-down arch dam model tests, this embodiment provides a model maintenance device that simulates the real environment of an arch dam, including a water tank and a baffle plate 8.

[0051] The water tank has an open top and an inner cavity. A scale model 9 is arranged inside the inner cavity of the water tank. A partition 8 fills the gap between the scale model 9 and the inner wall of the water tank. The partition 8 and the scale model 9 divide the inner cavity of the water tank into an upstream cavity and a downstream cavity. Both the upstream and downstream cavities are filled with water. The liquid level in the upstream cavity is marked as upstream water level 10, and the liquid level in the downstream cavity is marked as downstream water level 11.

[0052] The water tank is equipped with a gate 2 and two sets of drain valves 5 on its side wall. The gate 2 is located in the upstream cavity. The two sets of drain valves 5 are respectively arranged in the upstream cavity and the downstream cavity.

[0053] This embodiment is simple and clear in principle, uses low-cost materials, and can reproduce the actual environmental effects experienced by the arch dam structure.

[0054] Example 2:

[0055] The main content of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that it also includes a partition support frame 7. The partition support frame 7 is used to support and stabilize the partition 8.

[0056] The water tank includes a tank wall 1, a gate 2, and a base 6. The gate 2 is a rectangular plate structure. The upper surface of the base 6 has a pre-reserved groove. The base 6 is constructed by casting concrete using a wooden template. The tank wall 1 includes four rectangular side plates. The lower ends of the rectangular side plates are embedded in the pre-reserved grooves. The four rectangular side plates are arranged to form the tank wall 1. The four rectangular side plates are sequentially labeled as the first side wall, the second side wall, the third side wall, and the fourth side wall. The two sets of drain valves 5 are located on the second side wall. The partition 8 is arranged in the gap between the scaled-down model 9 and the second and fourth side walls.

[0057] A notch is provided on the first sidewall. Two grooves are provided on the side edge of the notch for wedging into the gate 2. The gate 2 is inserted into the notch. The edge of the gate 2 is correspondingly inserted into the groove. The box wall 1, the gate 2, and the base 6 together enclose the inner cavity.

[0058] The gate 2 has a gate lifting ring 4. In use, a rope is tied to the gate lifting ring 4, and the gate 2 is raised or lowered by pulling the rope. The gate lifting ring 4 is a C-shaped plastic lifting ring. The gate 2 has lifting ring mounting holes on its surface.

[0059] The enclosure wall 1, gate 2, and partition 8 are all made of transparent material. The material of the enclosure wall 1, gate 2, and partition 8 is plexiglass or tempered glass.

[0060] A waterproof sealing strip 3 is affixed to the groove. A waterproof sealing strip 3 is also affixed to the joint between the glass partition 8 and the box wall 1. The waterproof sealing strip 3 is made of waterproof felt.

[0061] Example 3:

[0062] The main content of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1 or 3. However, the scaled-down arch dam model 9 is formed by multiple castings using steel molds. For repeated use, the molds are made of 3mm thick steel plates. First, a scaled-down mold drawing is created using software. Then, the steel plates are machined according to the drawing. The steel mold is divided into eight layers along the height of the dam. The specific casting and fabrication process of the high arch dam structure model is as follows:

[0063] First, the dam body model material is mixed evenly using a mixing machine.

[0064] Secondly, after pouring the dam model material into the assembled mold, the model material is vibrated with a vibrator.

[0065] Next, after vibration is completed, quickly install the next layer of steel mold, and repeat the above steps until the arch dam model is poured.

[0066] Finally, after curing in the mold for 20 hours, demold and cure for another 6 to 9 hours.

[0067] Because piezoelectric ceramic plates and fiber optic smart sensors were pre-embedded inside the arch dam model during casting, special care was required when pouring and vibrating the model material to ensure that the sensors were not damaged or shifted. Simultaneously with the fabrication of the steel mold, a steel cage and concrete base were poured. After the concrete blocks were cast to serve as the upstream and downstream mountain structures on both banks, they were firmly installed onto the steel-concrete base.

[0068] Example 4:

[0069] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a realistic environmental environment for the scaled-down model of the arched beam. The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1. See also... Figures 2-7 A concrete base 6 is poured, with its sides forming a right-angled trapezoid. A groove is pre-drilled on the base platform to embed and install the glass water tank 1 (including the glass gate 2). A ramp facilitates the transport of the scaled-down arch dam model 9, the glass partition support frame 7, and the glass partition 8 into the glass water tank 1. The scaled-down arch dam model 9 is transported into the glass water tank 1 along the ramp of the concrete base 6. Based on the stability of triangles, iron pipes are welded into a support frame 7 with right-angled triangular sides to support the glass partition 8. The entire scaled-down arch dam model curing device proposed in this embodiment is placed in an environmental chamber. By setting temperature and humidity timelines, the simulation effect of the real environment of the arch dam is further enhanced, achieving the environmental effect of simulating freeze-thaw cycles.

[0070] Example 5:

[0071] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, wherein, see... Figures 8-11The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a realistic environment for the scaled-down arch beam model. The glass partitions 8 are placed vertically, and a glass partition support frame 7 is placed behind each of the two glass partitions 8. In this embodiment, water is only filled into the upstream cavity, covering the highest point of the scaled-down arch beam model 9.

[0072] Example 6:

[0073] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, wherein, see... Figures 12-15 This embodiment provides a realistic environmental environment for the scaled-down model of the full arch dam. In this embodiment, a single piece of inverted concave glass partition 8 fills the gap between the scaled-down model 9 of the full arch dam and the glass water tank 1, and the glass partition 8 is placed vertically. Water is added to the design water level at both the upstream and downstream sides.

[0074] Example 7:

[0075] This embodiment provides a model maintenance method for simulating the real environment of an arch dam using any of the model maintenance devices described in Embodiments 1 to 6, comprising the following steps:

[0076] 1) The model dimensions are determined based on similarity criteria using engineering data. The scaled-down model 9 is scaled down proportionally according to the actual arch dam structure of a water conservancy project, either as a whole or in part.

[0077] 2) The scaled-down model 9 is cast using micro-particle concrete. The micro-particle concrete comprises the following components: cement, water, fine-grained sand, and coarse-grained sand. The fine-grained sand has a particle size of 0.16–2.5 mm, and the coarse-grained sand has a particle size of 2.5–5 mm. See also... Figure 16 The scaled model 9 is a scaled model of the full arch dam, a scaled model of the arch crown beam, or a scaled model of the arch ring beam. 16a, 16b, and 16c represent the scaled models of the full arch dam, the arch crown beam, and the arch ring beam, respectively.

[0078] 3) Place the scaled-down model 9 into the inner cavity of the water tank. Simulate the real environment of the arch dam by adjusting the upstream water level 10, adjusting the downstream water level 11, setting the temperature history regime, and setting the humidity history regime. The real environment includes hydrostatic pressure, wet-dry cycle, and long-term immersion.

[0079] 4) Cure the scaled-down model 9 to the designed age.

[0080] Example 8:

[0081] This embodiment is similar in main content to Embodiment 7, using the simulated temperature and humidity of a representative region in Southwest China (the actual site of a high arch dam project) as an example. The characteristic values ​​of temperature changes in each month in the local area are shown in Table 1.

[0082] Table 1

[0083]

[0084] Step 3) of the laboratory simulation of real-world temperature and humidity regime design specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0085] a) Temperature regime design for simulating the effects of the natural environment in the laboratory:

[0086] See Figure 17 and Figure 18 In order to make the arch dam model experience the temperature history of the whole year in one day, the characteristic temperature values ​​in Table 1 can be fitted by Equation (1), and the results are as follows:

[0087] θ t =11.7+19.7cos(7.17·10^(-4)·t-3.398) (1)

[0088] The heat conduction process of unsteady substances can be represented by Fourier's heat conduction equation (1). When the thermal diffusivity is greatly affected by changes in factors such as temperature (it can be regarded as a constant), the heat conduction equation can be represented by equation (2):

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] In the formula: θ(x,t) is the temperature inside the concrete at depth x at time t, in °C; t is time, in seconds; x is the depth of the test point from the concrete surface, in meters; α k ρ is the thermal diffusivity of concrete, m² / s.

[0092] After performing Fourier series transformation and Euler equations on the above two equations (1) and (2), we can obtain a one-dimensional temperature response model of the internal microenvironment of concrete, as shown below:

[0093]

[0094] Comparing the formulas for the natural temperature response spectrum and the internal microenvironment temperature response spectrum, the attenuation of the temperature change amplitude and the hysteresis phase of the internal microenvironment temperature response of the concrete structure can be expressed as follows:

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] The depth of influence of the natural environment is related to the strength grade of concrete materials. For C20, which has a similar strength grade to the material used in this paper, the recommended range for the depth of influence is 15-25mm. Therefore, this paper designs the internal micro-environmental temperature response at x=2cm below the surface of the arch dam model to be equal to the internal micro-environmental temperature response at x=2cm under the action of the actual outdoor environment.

[0098] The attenuation rate at x = 2cm under real environmental conditions can be calculated using equation (5). θa = 11.62℃, θ0 = 19.56℃; under simulated indoor environment, Ta = 24h (1 day), attenuation rate at x = 2cm Therefore, θ can be calculated. a =13.26℃, θ0=22.33℃.

[0099] Finally, considering the temperature settings achievable in the environmental chamber, the average value θ of the indoor simulated real-world temperature regime was designed. a =15℃, temperature change amplitude θ0 = 25℃, its functional expression (the effect of phase angle is not considered in freeze-thaw cycle loading) is:

[0100]

[0101] Based on the heating and cooling stages, it can be represented as follows:

[0102]

[0103] In the formula: Ta is the time it takes for the temperature to rise from the lowest temperature (Tmin) to the highest temperature (Ta = 14 - Tmin), in hours; Tmin is the time corresponding to the lowest daily temperature, in hours.

[0104] b) Humidity regime design in the laboratory to simulate the effects of the natural environment:

[0105] To obtain the influence and response spectrum of internal humidity in concrete structures, the correlation between the natural humidity effect spectrum and the internal humidity response spectrum of concrete structures should first be obtained.

[0106] The saturated vapor pressure formula is particularly important in the conversion of humidity. The Clapeyron-Clausius equation is a representative theory that reflects the relationship between saturated vapor pressure and temperature, volume, and process heat effects.

[0107]

[0108] In the formula: T is the temperature, K; es(T) is the saturated vapor pressure of water at a pure horizontal liquid surface, Pa; Rv is the specific gas constant of water vapor, which can be taken as 289.5 J / (mol·K); Lv is the latent heat of cross-section (vaporization), which can be taken as 2446.3 kJ / kg.

[0109] Furthermore, the integral expression for saturated water vapor pressure can be expressed as:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula: e s0It is the saturated water vapor pressure at T0 (273.15K), taken as 0.61 kPa.

[0112] In addition, the Tetens empirical formula can also be used to calculate saturated vapor pressure, i.e.:

[0113]

[0114] Relative humidity can also be expressed in terms of water vapor partial pressure, that is:

[0115]

[0116] In the formula, e a The partial pressure of water vapor is Pa.

[0117] Combining equations (4), (10), and (12), we can obtain the humidity spectrum in response to ambient temperature:

[0118]

[0119] Based on local measured meteorological data, ea is calculated to be 38.39 Pa. Substituting ea, es0, Rv, and Lv into the above formula, we get:

[0120]

[0121] Substituting the natural environment temperature spectrum function into the above equation, we get:

[0122]

[0123] Substituting the natural environmental temperature action spectrum in the form of heating and cooling sections into the above equation, we get:

[0124]

[0125] Due to humidity constraints in the experimental environmental chamber, accelerated simulations of the freeze-thaw cycle ratio corresponding to the on-site exposure conditions were conducted based on the specific experimental conditions and operability of the laboratory. The final indoor simulation regime was designed as follows: Figure 20 As shown.

[0126] ①The temperature spectrum of the environmental chamber is a piecewise function, with 24 hours constituting one cycle;

[0127]

[0128] ② Humidity effect spectrum of the environmental chamber: Since the humidity effect spectrum changes very little, and in order to facilitate the application of humidity effect, the relative humidity is always controlled at 63%, and 24 hours is one cycle.

[0129] Example 9:

[0130] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 7. The mass ratio of the micro-particle concrete is as follows: cement: fine sand: water = 1:5.6:0.9, wherein the fine sand is fine sand with a particle size of 0.16-2.5mm and 2.5-5mm mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

Claims

1. A model maintenance device simulating the real environment of an arch dam, characterized in that: Including water tank and partition (8); The water tank has an open top and an inner cavity; a scale model (9) is arranged in the inner cavity of the water tank; the partition (8) fills the gap between the scale model (9) and the inner wall of the water tank; the partition (8) and the scale model (9) divide the inner cavity of the water tank into an upstream cavity and a downstream cavity; both the upstream cavity and the downstream cavity are filled with water; the liquid level in the upstream cavity is marked as the upstream water level (10), and the liquid level in the downstream cavity is marked as the downstream water level (11); The side wall of the water tank is provided with a gate (2) and two sets of drain valves (5); the gate (2) is located in the upstream cavity; the two sets of drain valves (5) are respectively arranged in the upstream cavity and the downstream cavity.

2. The model maintenance device for simulating the real environment of an arch dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water tank includes a tank wall (1), a gate (2), and a base (6); the gate (2) is a rectangular plate structure; the upper surface of the base (6) is provided with a reserved groove; the tank wall (1) includes four rectangular side plates; the lower end of the rectangular side plates is embedded in the reserved groove; the four rectangular side plates are arranged to form the tank wall (1); the four rectangular side plates are sequentially labeled as the first side wall, the second side wall, the third side wall, and the fourth side wall; the two sets of drain valves (5) are set on the second side wall; the partition (8) is arranged in the gap between the scaled model (9) and the second and fourth side walls; The first sidewall is provided with a notch; the side edge of the notch is provided with two grooves that wedge into the gate (2); the gate (2) is embedded in the notch; the edge of the gate (2) is embedded in the groove; the box wall (1), the gate (2) and the base (6) enclose the inner cavity.

3. The model maintenance device for simulating the real environment of an arch dam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gate (2) has a gate lifting ring (4); when in use, the gate lifting ring (4) is tied with a rope, and the gate (2) is raised and lowered by pulling the rope.

4. The model maintenance device for simulating the real environment of an arch dam according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gate lifting ring (4) is a C-shaped plastic lifting ring; the gate (2) has lifting ring mounting holes on its plate surface.

5. The model maintenance device for simulating the real environment of an arch dam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The box wall (1), gate (2) and partition (8) are all made of transparent material.

6. The model maintenance device for simulating the real environment of an arch dam according to claim 5, characterized in that: The materials of the box wall (1), gate (2) and partition (8) are plexiglass or tempered glass.

7. The model maintenance device for simulating the real environment of an arch dam according to claim 2, characterized in that: A waterproof sealing strip (3) is pasted in the groove; a waterproof sealing strip (3) is pasted at the joint between the partition (8) and the box wall (1).

8. The model maintenance device for simulating the real environment of an arch dam according to claim 7, characterized in that: The waterproof sealing strip (3) is made of waterproof felt.

9. The model maintenance device for simulating the real environment of an arch dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a partition support frame (7); the partition support frame (7) is used to support and stabilize the partition (8).

10. A model maintenance method for simulating the real environment of an arch dam using the model maintenance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) The model size is determined based on similarity criteria using engineering data; the scaled-down model (9) is scaled down in a certain proportion according to the overall or partial structure of the actual water conservancy project arch dam. 2) A scaled-down model (9) is cast using micro-particle concrete; wherein the scaled-down model (9) is a scaled-down model of a full arch dam, a scaled-down model of an arch crown beam, or a scaled-down model of an arch ring beam. 3) Place the scaled-down model (9) into the inner cavity of the water tank; simulate the real environment of the arch dam by adjusting the upstream water level (10), adjusting the downstream water level (11), setting the temperature history system and setting the humidity history system; the real environment includes hydrostatic pressure, dry-wet cycle and long-term immersion. 4) Cure the scaled-down model (9) to the designed age.

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