A method for producing primary color mycelium fiber leather using an organic solvent system

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of production of fungal materials and leather analog materials, and relates to a method for producing natural color mycelial fiber leather using an organic solvent system. The method is to carry out tanning and retanning using an organic solvent system containing an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is selected from organic solvents that are environmentally friendly and can be miscible with water in any proportion, such as ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. The present invention realizes the conversion of mycelium into mycelial fiber leather that can meet the usage requirements. Compared with traditional leather production, the process is simple and the production efficiency is high; compared with the aqueous system, the strength performance of the mycelial fiber leather produced by the organic solvent system used in the present invention is improved; the organic solvents used in the organic solvent system of the present invention are all low-toxic / non-toxic types and can be directly recycled multiple times, meeting the environmental protection requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of production of fungal materials and leather analog materials, and particularly relates to a method for producing natural-color mycelial fiber leather using an organic solvent system. Background Art

[0002] The mycelium, as the growth matrix of fungal fruiting bodies, provides the main nutritional source for cultivating edible fungi such as mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms; it is composed of many branched filaments and has a fiber weaving structure. Due to its high growth efficiency, easy regulation, and good environmental friendliness, in recent years, the research on using mycelium to make sustainable daily-use materials has been increasing. Compared with the grain surface uniformity of raw hides in traditional leather production, due to the differences in mycelial cell division and growth, the mycelium will form a natural heterochromatic grain surface. Therefore, the natural-color mycelial fiber leather has unique aesthetic characteristics. At present, the research on the manufacture of mycelial fiber leather in the leather production field is still in its infancy. In order to realize the use of mycelial fiber leather and meet the requirements of green environmental protection, new methods need to be developed for preparing mycelial fiber leather that can meet the use requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a method for producing natural-color mycelial fiber leather using mycelium. The natural-color mycelial fiber leather is a leather-like material with a natural heterochromatic grain surface and has elasticity, strength, and density that can meet the use requirements. Another object of the present invention is to produce natural-color mycelial fiber leather through an organic solvent system, thereby promoting the penetration and combination of reagents during the production process, and thus improving the use performance of the mycelial fiber leather.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for producing natural-color mycelial fiber leather using an organic solvent system, which uses an organic solvent system containing an organic solvent for tanning and retanning, and the organic solvent is selected from at least one of the organic solvents that can be miscible with water in any proportion.

[0006] Preferably, the organic solvent is selected from at least one of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol.

[0007] Preferably, in the organic solvent system used for tanning, the mass fraction of the organic solvent is 60%-100%, and the balance is water; in the organic solvent system used for retanning, the mass fraction of the organic solvent is 50%-80%, and the balance is water.

[0008] More preferably, the method for producing natural-color mycelial fiber leather using an organic solvent system includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Place the soft, well-dispersed fibers and mycelium that can reach a suitable tanning state in an organic solvent system. First, pickle with a pH of 5 - 7. Then, perform co-bath tanning using an organic tanning agent, and then wash with water to obtain the mycelium fiber skin to be retanned, and let it stand in a wet state.

[0010] (2) Retan the mycelium fiber skin to be retanned obtained in step (1) in an organic solvent system. First, add an organic retanning agent and react, then add oil and continue to react to obtain the retanned mycelium fiber skin.

[0011] (3) Finish the retanned mycelium fiber skin obtained in step (2) to obtain the natural-colored mycelium fiber skin.

[0012] More preferably, in step (1), the pickling is adjusted with a weak organic acid, the pickling temperature is 18 - 30 °C, and the pickling time is 3 - 12 h. More preferably, the weak organic acid is selected from formic acid or acetic acid.

[0013] More preferably, in step (1), the organic tanning agent is selected from aldehyde tanning agents or vegetable tanning agents.

[0014] More preferably, in step (1), the pH during tanning is 1 - 2 higher than the pH during pickling, tanning for 4 - 24 h, and the standing time is 12 - 36 h.

[0015] More preferably, in step (1), the dosage of the tanning agent is 5 - 30% of the weight of the mycelium.

[0016] More preferably, the tanning temperature in step (1) is 20 - 35 °C, and the tanning temperature in step (1) is the same as the pickling temperature or the difference between the tanning temperature and the pickling temperature is not more than 5.

[0017] More preferably, the organic retanning agent in step (2) includes but is not limited to retanning tannins, retanning metal tannins, and synthetic retanning agents; the dosage of the organic retanning agent is 10% - 20%, and the dosage of the oil is 5% - 20%.

[0018] More preferably, the retanning temperature in step (2) is 3 - 15 °C higher than the tanning temperature.

[0019] More preferably, in step (2), add the organic retanning agent and react for 2 - 6 h, and continue to react for 4 - 18 h under the condition of pH 5 - 8 after adding the oil.

[0020] In this application, all reagent dosages refer to the percentage by weight of the mycelium fiber skin obtained in the previous step of this step.

[0021] The present invention also provides the natural-colored mycelium fiber skin prepared by the above method.

[0022] The organic solvent system used in the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0023] (1) In the pretreatment process of producing mycelial fiber leather using the organic solvent system, high-temperature inactivation treatment is not required.

[0024] (2) The organic solvents used in the organic solvent system are miscible with water and have low toxicity / non-toxicity characteristics, including but not limited to one or more of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol.

[0025] (3) The organic solvent systems in the tanning process and the retanning process are used separately. Among them, the mass fraction of the organic solvent in the organic solvent system in the tanning process is 60%-100%, and the mass fraction of the organic solvent in the organic solvent system in the retanning process is 50%-80%; in the tanning process and the retanning process, the organic solvent system can be recycled.

[0026] (4) When the temperature is between 20-35°C, the reaction temperature requirements of the organic solvent system can be met, and the retanning temperature is slightly higher than the tanning temperature. Compared with the traditional leather production retanning temperature (40°C - 50°C), the organic solvent system has better energy-saving effects.

[0027] The organic solvent system has better efficacy for organic tanning, and the tanning agents that can participate in the reaction in the system include one or more of tannic acid, vegetable tannins, aldehyde tanning agents, metal tannins, and synthetic tanning agents.

[0028] The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0029] (1) The present invention realizes the conversion of mycelium into mycelial fiber leather that can meet the usage requirements. Compared with traditional leather production, the process is simple and the production efficiency is high.

[0030] (2) Compared with the aqueous system, the strength performance of the mycelial fiber leather produced by the organic solvent system used in the present invention is improved.

[0031] (3) The organic solvents used in the organic solvent system of the present invention are all low-toxic / non-toxic types and can be directly recycled multiple times, meeting the environmental protection requirements. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 The effect diagram of the different-color grain surface of the original-color mycelial fiber leather prepared in Example 1.

[0033] Figure 2 The microscopic structure diagram of the original-color mycelial fiber leather prepared in Example 1. Detailed Embodiments

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer as the description progresses. However, the embodiments are merely exemplary and do not constitute any limitation to the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, modifications or substitutions can be made to the details and forms of the technical solutions of the present invention, but such modifications and substitutions all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for producing natural-color mycelial fiber leather using an organic solvent system, comprising the following steps:

[0037] (1) In an organic solvent system of 95% ethanol, the mycelium suitable for tanning with softness and fully dispersed fibers is pickled, and acetic acid is used to adjust the pH to 5; the temperature is 25 °C; after pickling for 6 h, tanning is carried out; the tanning temperature is 25 °C, and tannin extract accounting for 25% of the weight of the mycelium and tannic acid accounting for 10% of the weight of the mycelium are used for tanning for 10 h; the pH is raised to 6.5; continue tanning for 8 h to obtain the mycelial fiber leather to be retanned, then wash with water to obtain the mycelial fiber leather to be retanned, and let it stand for 24 h in a wet state.

[0038] (2) The mycelial fiber leather to be retanned in step (1) is retanned in an organic solvent system of 75% ethanol. First, add retanning tannin accounting for 15% of the weight of the mycelial fiber leather to be retanned, and the retanning temperature is 30 °C, and react for 6 h; then add 20% of bovine hoof oil, the pH is 7, and continue to react for 12 h.

[0039] (3) The mycelial fiber leather retanned in step (2) is finished to obtain the natural-color mycelial fiber leather.

[0040] As Figure 1 shown, the appearance of this mycelial fiber leather is similar to that of animal dermis; as Figure 2 shown, the microscopic structure shows that the mycelial fibers form a fiber bundle state after treatment.

[0041] The physical and chemical properties of the natural-color mycelial fiber leather prepared in Example 1 were detected, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A method for producing natural-color mycelial fiber leather using an organic solvent system, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) In a 100% ethylene glycol organic solvent system, acidify the mycelium suitable for tanning with a soft and fully dispersed fiber. Adjust the pH to 7 with formic acid, at a temperature of 20 °C. After reacting for 4 h, carry out tanning; the tanning temperature is 25 °C, and an 8% aldehyde tanning agent is used; raise the pH to 8 and react for 8 h to obtain the mycelium fiber skin to be retanned. Then wash it to obtain the mycelium fiber skin to be retanned, and let it stand for 24 h in a wet state.

[0045] (2) Retan the mycelium fiber skin to be retanned in step (1) in a 75% ethanol organic solvent system. First, add 20% of aluminum tannin based on the weight of the mycelium fiber skin to be retanned. The retanning temperature is 35 °C, and react for 4 h; then add 10% of castor oil and react for 12 h under the condition that the pH is about 8.

[0046] (3) Finish the finishing of the mycelium fiber skin retanned in step (2) to obtain the natural-color mycelium fiber skin.

[0047] Detect the physical and chemical properties of the natural-color mycelium fiber skin prepared in this example, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] A method for producing a natural-color mycelium fiber skin using an organic solvent system, comprising the following steps:

[0050] (1) Treat the pre-treated mycelium suitable for tanning with a soft and fully dispersed fiber in a 70% glycerol organic solvent system. Adjust the pH to 5.5 with acetic acid, at a temperature of 30 °C. After reacting for 10 h, carry out tanning; the liquor ratio during tanning is 120%, and the temperature is 35 °C; the tanning agent uses 20% of tannin based on the weight of the mycelium; after reacting for 10 h, raise the pH to 6.5 and continue to react for 10 h to obtain the mycelium fiber skin to be retanned. Then wash it to obtain the mycelium fiber skin to be retanned, and let it stand for 24 h in a wet state.

[0051] (2) Retan the mycelium fiber skin to be retanned in step (1) in a 60% glycerol organic solvent system, with a liquor ratio of 80%. First, add 15% of retanning tannin based on the weight of the mycelium fiber skin to be retanned and react for 6 h. The retanning temperature is 40 °C; then add 10% of synthetic fatliquor and react for 12 h under neutral conditions.

[0052] (3) Finish the finishing of the mycelium fiber skin retanned in step (2) to obtain the natural-color mycelium fiber skin.

[0053] Detect the physical and chemical properties of the natural-color mycelium fiber skin prepared in this example, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0054] Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of the natural-color mycelium fiber skin

[0055]

Claims

1. A method for producing primary color mycelium fiber leather using an organic solvent system, characterized in that, The mycelium is tanned and retanned using an organic solvent system containing an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is selected from at least one of the organic solvents that can be miscible with water in any proportion; In the organic solvent system used for tanning, the mass fraction of the organic solvent is 60%-100%, and the balance is water; in the organic solvent system used for retanning, the mass fraction of the organic solvent is 50%-80%, and the balance is water; The organic solvent is selected from at least one of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol; It includes the following steps: (1) Place the soft, well-dispersed fibers, and mycelium that can reach a suitable state for tanning in the organic solvent system. First, pickle with a pH of 5-7; then use an organic tanning agent for co-bath tanning, and then wash with water to obtain the mycelium fiber leather to be retanned, and let it stand in a wet state; (2) Retan the mycelium fiber leather to be retanned in step (1) in the organic solvent system. First, add an organic retanning agent to react, and then add oil and continue to react to obtain the retanned mycelium fiber leather; (3) Finish the retanned mycelium fiber leather in step (2) to obtain the natural-color mycelium fiber leather.

2. The method for producing primary color mycelium fiber skin using an organic solvent system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the pickling is adjusted with a weak organic acid, the pickling temperature is 18-30°C, and the pickling time is 3-12 h.

3. A method for producing primary color mycelium fiber leather using an organic solvent system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The weak organic acid is selected from formic acid or acetic acid.

4. A method for producing a primary color mycelium fiber skin using an organic solvent system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic tanning agent in step (1) is an aldehyde tanning agent or a vegetable tanning agent.

5. A method for producing primary color mycelium fiber leather using an organic solvent system according to claim 1, characterized in that, During tanning in step (1), the pH is 1-2 higher than that during pickling, the tanning time is 4-24 h, and the standing time is 12-36 h.

6. A method for producing primary color mycelium fiber skin using an organic solvent system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dosage of the tanning agent in step (1) is 5%-30% of the weight of the mycelium.

7. A method for producing a primary color mycelium fiber skin using an organic solvent system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tanning temperature in step (1) is 20-35°C. In step (1), the tanning temperature is the same as the pickling temperature or the difference between the tanning temperature and the pickling temperature is not more than 5.

8. A method for producing primary color mycelium fiber leather using an organic solvent system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic retanning agent in step (2) includes but is not limited to retanning tannin, retanning metal tannin, or synthetic retanning agent; the dosage of the organic retanning agent is 10%-20%, and the dosage of the oil is 5%-20%.

9. A method for producing primary color mycelium fiber leather using an organic solvent system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retanning temperature in step (2) is 3-15°C higher than that during tanning.

10. A method for producing primary color mycelium fiber leather using an organic solvent system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), add the organic retanning agent and react for 2-6 h, and continue to react for 4-18 h under the condition of pH 5-8 after adding the oil.

11. The natural-color mycelium fiber leather prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-10.

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