A low-loss, high-efficiency threshing and separation device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agricultural harvesting equipment, and in particular to a low-loss, high-efficiency threshing and separating device, comprising a feeding wheel, a feeding bottom shell, a threshing drum, a power input box, a drum cover, a threshing concave plate, a throwing wheel, and a separating grid. A stepped drum cover with progressively enlarged eccentric dimensions is provided above the threshing drum; a threshing concave plate is provided below the threshing drum, with its center not coinciding with the outline center of the threshing drum; the drum cover and the threshing concave plate form a closed threshing space, and the threshing drum is longitudinally inclined within this closed threshing space. The threshing and separating device of this invention has low threshing power consumption, significantly improves separation efficiency, has good adaptability to various crops, meets the needs of high-efficiency, low-loss, and economical harvesting under conditions of large feeding volumes, and improves the operating efficiency and economic efficiency of combine harvesters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural harvesting equipment, and in particular to a low-damage, high-efficiency threshing and separating device. Background Technology

[0002] With the implementation of land transfer policies and increased grain yields, the demands on the working efficiency of combine harvesters are rising, leading to a new round of transformation in the development of grain combine harvesters in China. Currently, mainstream grain combine harvesters abroad typically have a feeding rate of over 13 kg / s and a cutting width of over 7 m, while domestic grain combine harvesters generally have a feeding rate below 10 kg / s, a significant gap compared to foreign models. The threshing and separating device, as the core working component of the combine harvester, has a decisive impact on the overall working capacity and harvesting performance, such as economy and harvest loss rate. Existing combine harvester threshing and separating devices mainly employ two methods: transverse axial flow and longitudinal axial flow. Transverse axial flow threshing and separating devices often experience incomplete separation, increased entrainment losses, and uneven material distribution on the cleaning screen when the feeding rate increases. Longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating devices often experience problems such as clogging at the feeding point and high power consumption when the feeding rate is large and the crop is wet.

[0003] Chinese patent CN208370328U discloses a high-efficiency threshing and separating device. This device uses a combination of tangential flow drum and longitudinal axial flow drum for threshing. The axis of the tangential flow threshing drum is perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal axial flow threshing drum, and the axis of the tangential flow threshing drum is lower than the axis of the longitudinal axial flow threshing drum. The power transmission device of the axial flow drum is located between the tangential flow threshing drum and the longitudinal axial flow threshing drum. This device is suitable for small and medium-sized grain combine harvesters. However, because the power transmission device is arranged between the tangential flow drum and the longitudinal axial flow drum, the height difference between the tangential flow drum and the longitudinal axial flow drum is large, which affects the center of gravity of the machine and the crop feeding passage. It is easy to cause blockage at the feeding inlet of the axial flow drum. Moreover, the threshing and separating device consumes a lot of power, which is difficult to meet the working requirements of large-scale high-efficiency grain combine harvesters in large farms.

[0004] Chinese patent CN217241525U discloses a high-efficiency threshing device for harvesters. This device uses a single longitudinal axial flow drum for threshing and includes a frame, a threshing drum connected within the frame, a top cover on top of the threshing drum, and a concave sieve at the bottom of the threshing drum. The frame has a feeding inlet and a straw outlet at its two ends. The concave sieve is located between the feeding inlet and the straw outlet, and its sieve holes form a screening channel. A feeding web is located between the feeding inlet and the concave sieve, forming a feeding channel with the threshing drum and the top cover. The length β of the feeding channel is one-half to two-thirds of the diameter of the threshing drum. This device increases the feeding speed by shortening the length of the feeding channel. However, it consumes a lot of power during operation. Furthermore, there are dead zones on both sides of the feeding inlet of the single longitudinal axial flow drum that cannot be gripped by the feeding spiral blades, making it difficult to meet the adaptability requirements for large feeding volumes and harvesting of various crops. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-loss and high-efficiency threshing and separating device. Its overall structure is scientifically designed and easy to install and operate. In practical use, the threshing and separating device of this invention consumes less power and significantly improves the separation efficiency. It is adaptable to a variety of crops and meets the needs of high-efficiency, low-loss, and economical harvesting under conditions of large feed volume, thereby improving the operating efficiency and working economy of combine harvesters.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A low-loss, high-efficiency threshing and separating device includes a feeding wheel, a feeding bottom shell, a threshing drum, a power input box, a drum cover, a threshing concave plate, a throwing wheel, and a separating grid. A stepped drum cover with progressively larger eccentric enlargements is provided above the threshing drum. A threshing concave plate is provided below the threshing drum, with its center not coinciding with the center of the threshing drum's outline. The drum cover and the threshing concave plate form a closed threshing space, within which the threshing drum is longitudinally inclined. A feeding wheel is located at the lower front side of the threshing drum, with a feeding bottom shell between the feeding wheel and the threshing drum. A throwing wheel is located at the lower rear side of the threshing drum, with a straw-discharging bottom shell between the throwing wheel and the threshing drum. A separating grid is located below the throwing wheel. The power input box is located at the rear end of the threshing drum to provide rotational power.

[0008] Furthermore, the axis of the feed wheel is perpendicular to the axis of the threshing drum and is lower than the axis of the threshing drum; the axis of the throwing wheel is perpendicular to the axis of the threshing drum and is lower than the axis of the threshing drum but higher than the axis of the feed wheel.

[0009] Furthermore, the threshing drum is inclined in the middle of the harvester, and the angle D between the axis of the threshing drum and the horizontal direction is 5°~13°.

[0010] Furthermore, the threshing drum includes a feeding section, a threshing section, and a separating section. The feeding section is located at the front of the threshing section, and the separating section is located at the rear of the threshing section. A spiral blade is fixedly arranged around the outer periphery of the feeding section. Threshing elements and separating elements are respectively arranged around the outer periphery of the threshing section and the separating section. The circumferential diameter of the feeding section is equal to the circumferential diameter of the threshing section, and the circumferential diameter of the separating section is larger than the circumferential diameter of the threshing section.

[0011] Furthermore, the roller cover is composed of a first roller cover, a transition flange, a second roller cover, a third conical transition cover, and a fourth roller cover connected in sequence, forming a progressively eccentric stepped enlargement structure. Guide strips II are provided inside each roller cover, and the guide strips II and roller covers are welded together. The radius of the first roller cover is smaller than the radius of the second roller cover, and the radius of the second roller cover is smaller than the radius of the fourth roller cover.

[0012] Furthermore, the first drum cover is arranged below the feeding section of the threshing drum, and the center of the first drum cover's outline is horizontally offset to one side of the center of the threshing drum's outline; the second drum cover is arranged below the threshing section of the threshing drum, and the center of the second drum cover's outline is offset to the other side of the center of the threshing drum's outline and located above the center of the threshing drum's outline, and the second drum cover is connected to the first drum cover via a transition flange; the fourth drum cover is arranged below the separating section of the threshing drum, and the center of the fourth drum cover's outline is offset to the same side as the center of the second drum cover's outline, and the fourth drum cover is connected to the second drum cover via a third conical transition cover.

[0013] Furthermore, there is a threshing gap δ between the stationary threshing concave plate and the rotating threshing drum. The threshing concave plate includes an adjustable concave plate and a separating concave plate. The adjustable concave plate is located below the threshing section of the threshing drum. The threshing gap between the adjustable concave plate and the threshing drum is adjustable. The radius of the adjustable concave plate is smaller than the radius of the separating concave plate. The separating concave plate is located below the separating section of the threshing drum. The center of the separating concave plate's outline is located below the center of the threshing drum's outline, and the offset direction between the separating concave plate and the center of the threshing drum's outline is the same as the offset direction between the fourth drum cover and the center of the threshing drum's outline.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper part of the feeding bottom shell is arranged corresponding to the feeding section of the threshing drum. A guide strip I is provided on the feeding bottom shell, and a guide strip II is provided on the drum cover. The rotation direction of the guide strip I and the guide strip II are matched with the rotation direction of the threshing drum, so that the material is guided by the guide strip I and the guide strip II to assist the guiding motion of the crop from the feeding wheel to the threshing drum and to move along the drum axis towards the tail end of the drum.

[0015] Furthermore, guide strips III and IV are provided on both sides of the bottom shell for chaff removal. Guide strips III and IV rotate in opposite directions, and the rotation direction of guide strip III is the same as that of guide strip II of the roller cover.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The overall structure of the low-loss, high-efficiency threshing and separation device of this invention is scientifically designed, and its operation is simple and convenient. In specific working processes, the low-loss, high-efficiency threshing and separation device of this invention has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. The low-loss and high-efficiency threshing and separating device of the present invention, by setting a feeding wheel in front of the threshing drum and cooperating with the feeding bottom shell which is eccentric to the center of the threshing drum and is equipped with guide strips, can guide crops to enter the threshing drum quickly and effectively, thereby solving the problem of poor feeding and easy blockage of longitudinal axial flow drum. When in use, it can adapt to large and small grain crops and can meet the harvesting requirements of crops such as rice, wheat, rapeseed, beans, corn, and miscellaneous grains with large feeding volume.

[0018] 2. The threshing drum in this invention adopts a variable diameter setting, and is equipped with a stepped drum cover with progressively eccentric enlargement, an adjustable threshing gap concave plate, and a separation concave plate eccentrically set with the threshing drum. As the crop is continuously pulled and released in the threshing space, the fluffy space gradually expands, thereby reducing straw entanglement and achieving efficient and gentle threshing and separation. At the same time, this invention has low power consumption, significantly improves the grain threshing rate and separation efficiency, and greatly improves the working efficiency and working economy of the combine harvester.

[0019] 3. The low-loss and high-efficiency threshing and separating device of the present invention has a straw discharge bottom shell set below the end of the threshing drum separation section. The straw after threshing and separation is quickly discharged from the threshing space under the action of the guide strips rotating in opposite directions on both sides of the straw discharge bottom shell, and guides the crop into the grabbing range of the throwing wheel, effectively preventing blockage at the straw discharge port of the drum.

[0020] 4. The throwing wheel in this invention can quickly throw the material discharged from the tail of the threshing drum to the ground or to the shredder for further crushing. A separation grid is set below the throwing wheel, where materials that have not been fully threshed and separated can be separated again and fall into the cleaning device, effectively reducing the threshing loss of the combine harvester. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is an overall configuration diagram of the high-efficiency threshing and separation device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a partially exploded view of the high-efficiency threshing and separation device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 The above Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front view of the AA section structure;

[0024] Figure 4 The above Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front view of the BB cross-section;

[0025] Figure 5 The above Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front view of the CC section;

[0026] The reference numerals are as follows: 1-Feed wheel; 2-Feed bottom shell; 3-Drum cover; 4-Threshing concave plate; 5-Threshing drum; 6-Power input box; 7-Grass discharge bottom shell; 8-Separation grid; 9-Throwing wheel; 2.1-Guide bar I; 2.2-Center of feed bottom shell outline; 3.1-First drum cover; 3.2 Transition flange; 3.3-Second drum cover; 3.4-Third drum cover; 3.5-Fourth drum cover; 3.6-Guide bar II; 4.1-Adjustable concave plate; 4.2-Separation concave plate; 5.1-Center of threshing drum outline; 5.2-Feed section; 5.3-Threshing section; 5.4-Separation section; 7.1-Guide bar III; 7.2-Guide bar IV; 3.1.1-Center of first drum cover outline; 3.3.1-Center of second drum cover outline; 3.5.1-Center of fourth drum cover outline. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element. When an element is referred to as "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element. The terms "left" and "right" used in this application to indicate orientation are based on the specific structure shown in the accompanying drawings and do not constitute a limitation on the structure.

[0028] Specific Embodiment 1: As per the appendix to the specification of this invention Figure 1The present invention provides a low-loss and high-efficiency threshing and separating device, comprising a feeding wheel 1, a feeding bottom shell 2, a drum cover 3, a threshing concave plate 4, a threshing drum 5, a power input box 6, a straw discharge bottom shell 7, a separating grid 8, and a throwing wheel 9. A stepped drum cover 3 with progressively enlarged eccentric dimensions is provided above the threshing drum 5. A threshing concave plate 4, whose outline center does not coincide with the threshing drum, is provided below the threshing drum 5. The threshing drum 5 is longitudinally inclined and located in the middle of the harvester, within the enclosed threshing space formed by the drum cover 3 and the threshing concave plate 4. The feeding wheel 1 is installed at the lower front side of the threshing drum 5. A feeding bottom shell 2 is provided between the feeding wheel 1 and the threshing drum 5. The throwing wheel 9 is located at the lower rear side of the threshing drum 5. A straw discharge bottom shell 7 is provided between the throwing wheel 9 and the threshing drum 5. A separating grid 8 is provided below the throwing wheel 9. A power input box 6, which provides rotational power, is located at the rear end of the threshing drum 5 and provides power to the threshing drum 5.

[0029] As per the specification attached to this invention Figure 1 As shown, in the low-loss and high-efficiency threshing and separating device of the present invention, the axis of the feeding wheel 1 is perpendicular to the axis of the threshing drum 5 and the axis of the feeding wheel 1 is lower than the axis of the threshing drum 5, and the axis of the throwing wheel 9 is perpendicular to the axis of the threshing drum 5 and the axis of the throwing wheel 9 is lower than the axis of the threshing drum 5 but higher than the axis of the feeding wheel 1.

[0030] As per the specification attached to this invention Figure 1-5 As shown, the threshing drum 5 of this invention is placed at an angle in the middle of the harvester. The angle D between the axis of the threshing drum 5 and the horizontal direction is 5°~13°. The threshing drum 5 includes a feeding section 5.2, a threshing section 5.3, and a separating section 5.4. The feeding section 5.2 is located in front of the threshing section 5.3, and the separating section 5.4 is located behind the threshing section 5.3. A spirally wrapped feeding blade 5.2.1 is provided on the outer periphery of the feeding section 5.2. Threshing elements 5.3.1 and separating elements 5.4.1 are provided on the threshing section 5.3 and the separating section 5.4, respectively, surrounding the threshing drum body. The circumferential diameter Φ1 of the feeding section 5.2 is equal to the circumferential diameter Φ2 of the threshing section 5.3, and the circumferential diameter Φ3 of the separating section 5.4 is greater than the circumferential diameter Φ2 of the threshing section 5.3.

[0031] As per the specification attached to this invention Figure 1 -Instruction manual included Figure 5 As shown, preferably, the threshing drum 5 rotates counterclockwise. The drum cover 3 is formed by connecting the first drum cover 3.1, the transition flange 3.2, the second drum cover 3.3, the third conical transition cover 3.4, and the fourth drum cover 3.5 in sequence, forming a progressively eccentric stepped enlargement structure. Guide strips II 3.6 are provided inside the drum cover. The radius R2 of the first drum cover 3.1 is smaller than the radius R4 of the second drum cover 3.3, and the radius R4 of the second drum cover 3.3 is smaller than the radius R6 of the fourth drum cover 3.5.

[0032] As per the specification attached to this invention Figure 2 -Instruction manual included Figure 5 As shown, below the first drum cover 3.1 corresponds to the feeding section 5.2 of the threshing drum 5. The outline center 3.1.1 of the first drum cover is horizontally offset to the right of the outline center 5.1 of the threshing drum. Below the second drum cover 3.3 corresponds to the threshing section 5.3 of the threshing drum 5. The outline center 3.3.1 of the second drum cover is offset to the upper left of the outline center 5.1 of the threshing drum and is connected to the first drum cover 3.1 through the transition flange 3.2. Below the fourth drum cover 3.5 corresponds to the separating section 5.4 of the threshing drum 5. The outline center 3.5.1 of the fourth drum cover is offset to the same side as the outline center 3.3.1 of the second drum cover and has a larger offset distance than the outline center 5.1 of the threshing drum. The fourth drum cover 3.5 and the second drum cover 3.3 are connected through the third conical transition cover 3.4.

[0033] Based on the above structural layout, as per the appendix to the specification of this invention. Figure 3 As shown, in the feeding section 5.2 of the threshing drum 5, the cavity between the threshing drum and the drum cover on the upper right side of the threshing drum 5 is larger than that on the upper left side, as per the instruction manual. Figure 4 and instruction manual attached Figure 5 As shown, in the threshing section 5.3 and the separation section 5.4 of the threshing drum 5, the cavity formed between the threshing drum and the drum cover on the upper left is larger than that on the upper right and the cavity size gradually increases.

[0034] As per the specification attached to this invention Figure 1 ~Instruction manual included Figure 5 As shown, in this invention, there is a threshing gap δ between the stationary threshing concave plate 4 and the rotating threshing drum 5. The threshing concave plate 4 includes an adjustable concave plate 4.1 and a separating concave plate 4.2. The radius R3 of the adjustable concave plate 4.1 is smaller than the radius R5 of the separating concave plate 4.2. The threshing gap between the adjustable concave plate 4.1 and the threshing drum 5 is adjustable. The adjustable concave plate 4.1 is located below the threshing section 5.3 of the threshing drum and is concentrically arranged with the threshing drum 5 at a certain threshing gap. The separating concave plate 4.2 is located below the separating section 5.4 of the threshing drum, and the center of the separating concave plate 4.2.1 is located to the upper left of the center of the threshing drum 5.1.

[0035] As per the specification attached to this invention Figure 2 ~Instruction manual included Figure 3As shown, above the feeding bottom shell 2 is the feeding section 5.2 of the threshing drum. The center of the feeding bottom shell 2.2 is located directly above the center of the threshing drum 5.1. A guide bar I2.1 is provided on the feeding bottom shell 2, and a guide bar II3.6 is provided on the drum cover 3. The rotation direction of the guide bar II3.6 matches the rotation direction of the guide bar I2.1 and the rotation direction of the threshing drum 5. In use, the material is guided by the guide bar I2.1 and the guide bar II3.6 to move from the feeding wheel 1 to the threshing drum 5 and move along the drum axis towards the tail end of the drum.

[0036] As per the specification attached to this invention Figure 2 As shown, guide strips III7.1 and IV7.2 are provided on both sides of the bottom shell 7 for threshing. The guide strips on both sides rotate in opposite directions. The rotation direction of guide strip III7.1 is the same as that of guide strip II3.6 of the drum cover. After the material from the drum moves to the threshing opening, it moves towards the throwing wheel 9 under the action of guide strip III7.1. If the material is not caught by the throwing wheel 9 in time and accumulates, it will be pulled and rolled by the guide strip IV7.2 with the opposite rotation direction as the threshing drum 5 rotates. After being fluffed, it will be thrown towards the throwing wheel 9 again by the action of guide strip III7.1 to prevent the threshing opening from being blocked.

[0037] The working process and working principle of the low-loss and high-efficiency threshing and separation device of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] In actual operation, the crop conveyed by the bridge is quickly grabbed by the feeding wheel 1 and, under the action of the guide strip I2.1 on the feeding bottom shell 2, is quickly and forcibly thrown towards the threshing drum 5 to enter the threshing space. The outline center 2.2 of the feeding bottom shell is located above the outline center 5.1 of the threshing drum. This reduces the distance between the spiral blades 5.2.1 of the threshing drum and the guide strip I2.1 of the feeding bottom shell, improves the forced guiding effect of the guide strip, expands the grabbing range of the feeding section 5.2 of the threshing drum, helps to reduce the residence time of the crop on the feeding bottom shell 2 to prevent blockage, and enables the material to be quickly and forcibly conveyed backward, improving feeding efficiency and reducing the probability of blockage. When the crop enters the threshing space... After a short period, the threshing drum 5 rotates at high speed. With the assistance of the threshing concave plate 4, the crop is separated from the stalk by the threshing elements 5.3.1 and separation elements 5.4.1 installed on the threshing drum 5. The threshed grains fall into the cleaning system through the threshing concave plate 4. Under the guidance of the guide strip II 3.6 on the drum cover 3, the crop spirals towards the tail end along the drum axis. Because the threshing drum 5 adopts a variable diameter structure, combined with the progressively eccentrically enlarged stepped drum cover 3, the adjustable threshing gap concave plate 4.1, and the separation concave plate 4.2 eccentrically positioned with the threshing drum, the material in the feeding section 5.2 has a larger upper right cavity than the upper left cavity, which helps to quickly... The threshing drum 5 receives a large amount of material from the feeding section 5.2. Under the rotation of the threshing drum 5 and the action of the guide bars 3.6, the material enters the smaller upper left cavity of the threshing drum 5, where it is squeezed and pulled. At this time, the forced conveying capacity of the guide bars 3.6 gradually increases, allowing the material to quickly pass through the feeding section. After entering the threshing section 5.3 and the separation section 5.4, the upper left cavity of the threshing drum 5 becomes larger than the upper right cavity. Under the high-speed rotation of the threshing drum 5, the material first enters the smaller upper right cavity. Here, the forced conveying capacity of the guide bars is high, causing the material to be squeezed and pulled by the guide bars 3.6, resulting in tumbling. With the action of the guide bars 3.6, the material moves towards the upper left of the threshing drum 5. As the material moves, the cavity gradually enlarges, releasing the pulled and squeezed material into the loose space, facilitating rapid separation of the grains. Furthermore, the cavity on the upper left of the threshing drum in the separation section 5.4 is larger than that in the upper left of the threshing drum in the threshing section 5.3. To prevent clogging of the discharge port, guide bars III7.1 and IV7.2 with opposite rotation directions are installed on the discharge bottom shell 7. The discharged material is guided into the grabbing range of the throwing wheel 9 by the guide bars, thus preventing clogging of the discharge port. The discharged material is then thrown out of the machine or fed into the shredder by the throwing wheel 9. Any material that is not completely separated can be further separated at the separation grid 8 and fall into the cleaning system, reducing threshing losses. In summary, the low-damage and high-efficiency threshing and separating device of the present invention, when in use, the crop undergoes continuous pulling and releasing in the threshing space, and the loosened space gradually expands, greatly reducing straw entanglement, achieving efficient and gentle threshing and separation, and requiring lower power consumption. The grain threshing rate and separation efficiency are significantly improved, greatly enhancing the working efficiency and economic efficiency of the combine harvester.

[0039] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A low-loss, high-efficiency threshing and separation device, characterized in that, The threshing drum includes a feeding wheel (1), a feeding bottom shell (2), a threshing drum (5), a power input box (6), a drum cover (3), a threshing concave plate (4), a throwing wheel (9), and a separation grid (8). A stepped drum cover (3) with progressively enlarged eccentricity is provided above the threshing drum (5). A threshing concave plate (4) is provided below the threshing drum (5), and the center of the threshing concave plate (4) does not coincide with the center of the outline (5.1) of the threshing drum. The drum cover (3) and the threshing concave plate (4) form a closed threshing space. The threshing drum (5) is arranged longitudinally at an angle. Within the enclosed threshing space formed by the drum cover (3) and the threshing concave plate (4); a feeding wheel (1) is provided at the lower front side of the threshing drum (5), and a feeding bottom shell (2) is provided between the feeding wheel (1) and the threshing drum (5); a throwing wheel (9) is provided at the lower rear side of the threshing drum (5), and a straw discharge bottom shell (7) is provided between the throwing wheel (9) and the threshing drum (5); a separation grid (8) is provided below the throwing wheel (9); the power input box (6) is located at the rear end of the threshing drum (5) to provide rotational power for the threshing drum (5); The threshing drum (5) includes a feeding section (5.2), a threshing section (5.3), and a separating section (5.4). The feeding section (5.2) is located in front of the threshing section (5.3), and the separating section (5.4) is located in rear of the threshing section (5.3). Spiral blades are fixedly arranged around the outer periphery of the feeding section (5.2). Threshing elements and separating elements are respectively arranged around the drum body on the outer periphery of the threshing section (5.3) and the separating section (5.4). The circumferential diameter of the feeding section (5.2) is equal to the circumferential diameter of the threshing section (5.3), and the circumferential diameter of the separating section (5.4) is greater than the circumferential diameter of the threshing section (5.3). The roller cover (3) is composed of a first roller cover (3.1), a transition flange (3.2), a second roller cover (3.3), a third conical transition cover (3.4), and a fourth roller cover (3.5) connected in sequence, forming a progressively eccentric stepped enlarged structure. A guide strip II (3.6) is provided inside each roller cover (3), and the guide strip II (3.6) is welded to the roller cover (3). The radius of the first roller cover (3.1) is smaller than the radius of the second roller cover (3.3), and the radius of the second roller cover (3.3) is smaller than the radius of the fourth roller cover (3.5). The first drum cover (3.1) is arranged below the threshing drum feeding section (5.2), and the center of the first drum cover (3.1) is horizontally offset to one side of the center of the threshing drum (5.1). The second drum cover (3.3) is arranged below the threshing section (5.3) of the threshing drum, and the center of the second drum cover (3.3) is offset to the other side of the center of the threshing drum (5.1) and located above the center of the threshing drum (5.1). The second drum cover (3.3) and the first drum cover (3.1) are connected by a transition flange (3.2). The fourth drum cover (3.5) is arranged below the threshing drum separating section (5.4), and the center of the fourth drum cover (3.5) and the center of the second drum cover (3.3) are offset to the same side. The fourth drum cover (3.5) and the second drum cover (3.3) are connected by a third conical transition cover. There is a threshing gap δ between the stationary threshing concave plate (4) and the rotating threshing drum (5). The threshing concave plate (4) includes an adjustable concave plate (4.1) and a separating concave plate (4.2). The adjustable concave plate (4.1) is located below the threshing section (5.3) of the threshing drum. The threshing gap between the adjustable concave plate (4.1) and the threshing drum (5) is adjustable. The radius of the adjustable concave plate (4.1) is smaller than the radius of the separating concave plate (4.2). The separating concave plate (4.2) is located below the separating section (5.4) of the threshing drum. The center of the profile of the separating concave plate (4.2) is located below the center of the profile of the threshing drum (5.1), and the offset direction of the separating concave plate (4.2) and the center of the profile of the threshing drum (5.1) is the same as the offset direction of the fourth drum cover (3.5) and the center of the profile of the threshing drum (5.1).

2. The low-loss, high-efficiency threshing and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axis of the feed wheel is perpendicular to the axis of the threshing drum and is lower than the axis of the threshing drum. The axis of the throwing wheel is perpendicular to the axis of the threshing drum and is lower than the axis of the threshing drum but higher than the axis of the feed wheel.

3. The low-loss, high-efficiency threshing and separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The threshing drum (5) is inclined in the middle of the harvester, and the angle D between the axis of the threshing drum (5) and the horizontal direction is 5°~13°.

4. The low-loss, high-efficiency threshing and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding bottom shell (2) is arranged above the feeding section (5.2) of the threshing drum. A guide bar I (2.1) is provided on the feeding bottom shell (2), and a guide bar II (3.6) is provided on the drum cover (3). The rotation direction of the guide bar I (2.1) and the guide bar II (3.6) matches the rotation direction of the threshing drum (5), so that the material is guided by the guide bar I (2.1) and the guide bar II (3.6) to move from the feeding wheel (1) to the threshing drum (5) and moves along the drum axis toward the tail end of the drum.

5. The low-loss, high-efficiency threshing and separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom shell (7) for dredging grass is provided with guide strips III (7.1) and IV (7.2) on both sides. The guide strips III (7.1) and IV (7.2) rotate in opposite directions. The rotation direction of the guide strip III (7.1) is the same as that of the guide strip II (3.6) on the roller cover (3).

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