Screening bucket, working device and excavator

Abstract

The present invention provides a screening bucket, a working device and an excavator; the screening bucket comprises: an ear plate assembly, a load-bearing oil cylinder assembly, a screen bucket body, a shear spring assembly and a biaxial linear vibrator; the ear plate assembly and the screen bucket body are connected by a plurality of load-bearing oil cylinder assemblies arranged on both sides, the biaxial linear vibrator is connected to the screen bucket body, a plurality of shear spring assemblies are arranged between the screen bucket body and the shear spring assembly, the biaxial linear vibrator is used to provide a vibration source for the screen bucket body, and the shear spring assembly is used to realize the front-to-back offset movement between the upper and lower screen bucket bodies to achieve the purpose of screening while reducing the transmission of harmful vibration energy to the main structure of the working device. The energy utilization rate is high, and the amplitude of the spring shear motion can be adjusted by changing the excitation angular frequency to adapt to different screening working conditions and achieve the best screening effect. It can effectively reduce the wear of the pin shaft and bushing at the front end of the working device and reduce the vibration fatigue damage of the connecting rod mechanism, the working device and other structures caused by the vibration energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The patent of this invention relates to the field of excavators and other engineering machinery, and in particular to a screening bucket, a working device and an excavator. Background Art

[0002] Excavators can achieve different operating capabilities by equipping them with different tools to meet the needs of various working conditions. Currently, there are some problems in the use of existing screening bucket tools. For example, the screening bucket often requires a large excitation force during the screening process, which requires the excitation body to have a high rotational angular frequency or a large eccentric moment, resulting in the excitation assembly box being too high and the working conditions being poor; otherwise, the screening process will be time-consuming and the effect will be insignificant. However, when the excitation force is too large, the equipment consumes a lot of energy and the energy utilization rate is low. The excess harmful vibration energy will be transmitted to the working device and the main structure of the excavator through the rigid connection between the components, causing severe wear on the pins and bushings at the front hinge point of the working device, and causing vibration fatigue failure of the boom, bucket arm, connecting rod mechanism, screening bucket body and other structures.

[0003] In the existing technology, patent number CN218346294U: In this technology, the various parts of the entire screening bucket are rigidly connected, the excitation angular frequency is high, the vibration drive mechanism is large in size, and the energy utilization rate is low; in addition, the harmful vibration energy causes serious wear on the hinge pin shaft and the shaft sleeve, which can easily cause vibration fatigue failure of the main structure of the working device.

[0004] Patent No. KR20230017965A: The power input source in this patented technology is a traditional single-axis vibrator. The 360-degree circumferential excitation force generated by the vibrator causes the lower 100-mesh bucket to vibrate strongly. However, the spring only has tension and compression degrees of freedom. When the excitation force points in the shear direction of the spring, harmful vibration energy is directly transmitted to the upper part of the screen body, the connecting rod mechanism, the bucket arm and other structural components through the groove contact between the support blocks, causing vibration wear of the hinge pin and bushing, and vibration fatigue failure of the main structure.

[0005] The patented lower screen body, in addition to the spring's tensile and compressive deformation caused by the vibrator, also rotates, which can easily cause material to spill. Furthermore, this rotational movement causes inconsistent deformation of the front and rear springs, exacerbating wear on the block support and support frame.

[0006] In order to ensure that the spring does not deform in the shear direction, this patent uses a block support that is inserted into a support frame with a groove to achieve force transmission in this direction. However, when the exciting force is too large, the spring will deform too much, causing the block support to slide out of the groove, and the force transmission in the shear direction will fail, and the spring will be damaged by shear. In addition, the concave and convex contact between the two plays a role in guiding the movement of the lower screen body, but close friction will cause rapid wear of the two, and the larger contact gap will reduce its protective effect on the spring, causing the spring body to fail. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a screening bucket, a working device and an excavator.

[0008] In order to solve the problems of the existing technology, the present invention discloses a screening bucket, comprising: an ear plate assembly, a load-bearing cylinder assembly, a screen bucket body, a shear spring assembly and a biaxial linear vibrator; the ear plate assembly and the screen bucket body are connected by a plurality of load-bearing cylinder assemblies arranged on both sides, the biaxial linear vibrator is connected to the screen bucket body, and a plurality of shear spring assemblies are arranged between the screen bucket body and the ear plate assembly. The biaxial linear vibrator is used to provide a vibration source for the screen bucket body, and the shear spring assembly is used to realize the front and rear staggered movement between the screen bucket body and the ear plate assembly to achieve the purpose of screening, while reducing the transmission of harmful vibration energy to the main structure of the working device.

[0009] Furthermore, the ear plate assembly includes: a bent plate, a side plate, an upper hinge shaft, a bottom plate and an ear plate, the side plates are arranged on both sides of the bent plate, several ear plates are arranged on the top of the bent plate, the ear plate is provided with a connecting hole, the bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the bent plate, the upper hinge shaft is arranged on the side plate, and the upper hinge shaft is used to connect one end of the load-bearing cylinder assembly.

[0010] Furthermore, the screen bucket body includes a top plate, a back plate, a lower hinge shaft, a screen bucket body side plate, a main blade plate and a screen plate; the two ends of the top plate are respectively connected to the main blade plate through the screen bucket body side plates, and the opening of the screen bucket body is between the top plate and the main blade plate. The back plate is arranged on the side below the top plate away from the main blade plate. The top plate, back plate, screen bucket body side plate and main blade plate constitute the frame of the screen bucket body, and a sieve plate is set on each surface of the screen bucket body through the frame. The lower hinge shaft is arranged on the screen bucket body side plate, and the lower hinge shaft is used to connect the other end of the load-bearing cylinder assembly.

[0011] Furthermore, several shear spring assemblies are arranged on the top plate, each shear spring assembly includes: an upper fixed plate, a lower fixed plate, a spring body and a bolt assembly; the upper fixed plate is connected to the bottom plate through the bolt assembly, the lower fixed plate is connected to the top plate through the bolt assembly, and the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate are connected through the spring body.

[0012] Furthermore, a rear limit block and a front limit block are provided at the bottom of the bottom plate, and a middle limit block is provided at the top of the top plate, and the middle limit block is located between the rear limit block and the front limit block.

[0013] Furthermore, the dual-axis linear vibrator includes an eccentric mass, a lower shell, an upper shell and a synchronous gear. The lower shell is connected to the upper shell after being covered with a back plate. There are two groups of synchronous gears, and the two groups of synchronous gears are meshed. Each group of synchronous gears is connected to an eccentric mass. One eccentric mass is driven to rotate by a hydraulic motor, and the other eccentric mass is driven to rotate in the opposite direction by the synchronous gear. The eccentric moments of the two eccentric masses are the same in magnitude and in opposite phases. The generated exciting force f is always perpendicular to the back plate.

[0014] Correspondingly, a working device includes: a boom, a bucket arm and a connecting rod mechanism, and also includes the screening bucket mentioned above, one end of the bucket arm is rotatably connected to the boom, and the other end is connected to the screening bucket through the connecting rod mechanism.

[0015] Correspondingly, an excavator is provided, wherein the excavator is provided with the above-mentioned working device.

[0016] The present invention has the beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention divides the screening bucket into two parts, connecting the upper and lower screen buckets with a flexible spring. Utilizing the near-resonance principle of a spring-mass system, the vibration amplitude of the lower screen bucket is adjusted by adjusting the excitation frequency to adapt to different working conditions and achieve efficient screening. The contact of the limit block restricts shearing movement to a certain range, preventing excessive deformation of the spring body and damage. The load-bearing cylinder and limit block work together to ensure smooth digging operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excavator screening bucket and working device;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the screening bucket structure;

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the ear plate assembly structure;

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the screen bucket structure;

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the shear spring assembly structure;

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-axis linear exciter;

[0024] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the screening motion state of the screening bucket;

[0025] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the load-bearing cylinder structure;

[0026] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the movement trend of the screening bucket in the excavation and shoveling state.

[0027] Reference numerals:

[0028] 1- boom, 2- bucket rod, 3- connecting rod mechanism, 4- screening bucket, 41- ear plate assembly, 42- load-bearing cylinder assembly, 43- screen bucket body, 44- shear spring assembly, 45- dual-axis linear exciter, 411- bent plate 412- side plate 413- upper hinge shaft, 414- bottom plate, 415- ear plate, 416- rear limit block, 417- front limit block, 421- piston rod, 42 2-Cylinder sealing chamber, 441-Upper fixed plate, 442-Lower fixed plate, 443-Spring body, 444-Bolt assembly, 431-Top plate, 432-Back plate, 433-Lower hinge shaft, 434-Screen bucket side plate, 435-Main blade plate, 436-Screen plate, 437-Middle limit block, 451-Eccentric mass, 452-Lower shell, 453-Upper shell, 454-Synchronous gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the screening bucket of the present invention is hingedly mounted on the working device via two holes in the ear plate 412, connected to the connecting rod mechanism 3 and the bucket arm 2. The screening bucket 4 comprises an ear plate assembly 41, a load-bearing cylinder assembly 42, a screening bucket body 43, a shear spring assembly 44, and a dual-axis linear vibrator 45.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the bottom plate 414 of the ear plate assembly 41 is provided with bolt holes, and holes are arranged in the bent plate 411 near the holes to facilitate installation and removal of the bolt assembly.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the main blade 435 of the screen bucket body 43 can shovel bulk materials, the top plate 431 is provided with bolt holes, and the screen bucket body side plates 434 and the arc-shaped screen plate 436 are provided with screening holes of a certain specification.

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown, the upper fixing plate 441 of the shear spring assembly 44 is connected to the bottom plate 414 by a bolt assembly 444; the lower fixing plate 442 is connected to the top plate 431 by a bolt assembly 444; the tensile stiffness of the shear spring body 443 in both directions is much greater than its shear stiffness; finally, the shear spring assembly 44 forms a flexible connection between the ear plate assembly 41 and the screen bucket body 43.

[0034] like Figure 6 、 7 As shown, the lower shell 452 of the dual-axis linear vibrator 45 is fixed to the back plate 432. The eccentric mass 451 on one side is driven by a hydraulic motor, and the eccentric mass 451 on the other side is driven to rotate in the opposite direction by a set of synchronous gears 454. The eccentric moments of the two are equal in magnitude and opposite in phase, so the resulting excitation force f is always perpendicular to the back plate 432. The linear excitation force drives the shear spring assembly 44 to undergo periodic shear deformation in the forward and backward directions, thereby causing the lower screen bucket 43 and the excavated material therein to produce periodic relative motion relative to the upper fixed ear plate assembly (working device); by adjusting the excitation angular frequency to a low resonance range below the natural frequency of the spring (shear stiffness) mass (screen bucket and bulk material) system, the vibration amplitude of the simple harmonic screening motion can be adjusted to adapt to different working conditions, so that the screening bucket can achieve the effect of "low input energy consumption and high screening efficiency". From the perspective of energy transfer, most of the energy generated by the vibration source is converted into kinetic energy of the screen bucket and the material, a part of it is absorbed by the spring assembly, and the remaining small amount is transferred to the ear plate assembly and the working device, which can effectively reduce the wear of the front hinge pin and bushing, and reduce the vibration fatigue damage of the vibration energy to the screening bucket screen bars, connecting rod mechanism, working device and other structures.

[0035] like Figure 8 As shown, the load-bearing cylinder assembly 42 includes a piston rod 421 and a cylinder sealing chamber 422, which are respectively connected to the ear plate assembly 41 and the screen bucket body 43 through an upper hinge shaft 413 and a lower hinge shaft 433. The load-bearing cylinder assembly 42 is arranged in two groups in the front-to-back direction, and is arranged symmetrically on the left and right.

[0036] The rod cavity and the rodless cavity of the cylinder sealing cavity 422 are closed spaces filled with compressible liquid. Under the action of small tensile and compressive loads, an elongation of ±3mm can be achieved. When the displacement of the load-bearing cylinder assembly exceeds the allowable amount, the tensile and compressive resistance is huge.

[0037] In the screening state, relative movement occurs between the screen bucket body 43 and the ear plate assembly 41. At this time, the four groups of load-bearing cylinders follow with a small swing to ensure that the lower screen body does not produce additional rotational movement; the lower middle limit block 437 is arranged between the upper rear limit block 416 and the front limit block 417, and the distance is the maximum allowable shear movement. The limiting contact between the limit blocks can prevent the empty screen or the excitation angular frequency from being too large, which may cause excessive shear deformation of the spring.

[0038] like Figure 9As shown, during excavation and shoveling operations, the screen bucket body 43 is subjected to the excavation resistance F, the load-bearing cylinder assembly 42 is displaced beyond the allowable amount, the rigidity increases, and the middle limit block 437 contacts the front limit block 417. At this time, a stable force transmission structure is formed, and the cylinder and the limit block directly connect the upper ear plate assembly 41 and the lower screen bucket body 43, replacing the flexible connection of the spring assembly to achieve a rigid connection between the two, bear the main force between the two, ensure the smooth progress of the excavation and shoveling action, and protect the spring assembly from damage caused by large displacement deformation.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are used solely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprise," "include," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, in the drawings of the present invention, fill patterns are used solely to distinguish layers and do not constitute any other limitation.

[0040] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A screening bucket, characterized in that: include: An ear plate assembly (41), a load-bearing oil cylinder assembly (42), a screen bucket body (43), a shear spring assembly (44) and a biaxial linear vibrator (45); the ear plate assembly (41) and the screen bucket body (43) are connected via a plurality of load-bearing oil cylinder assemblies (42) provided on both sides; the biaxial linear vibrator (45) is connected to the screen bucket body (43), and the biaxial linear vibrator (45) is used to provide a vibration source for the screen bucket body (43); a plurality of shear spring assemblies (44) are provided between the screen bucket body (43) and the ear plate assembly (41), and the shear spring assembly (44) is used to achieve shear dislocation of the screen bucket body (43) and the ear plate assembly (41) and reduce vibration energy transmission during screening; The ear plate assembly (41) comprises: a bent plate (411), a side plate (412), an upper hinge shaft (413), a bottom plate (414) and an ear plate (415), wherein the side plates (412) are arranged on both sides of the bent plate (411), a plurality of ear plates (415) are arranged on the top of the bent plate (411), the ear plates (415) are provided with connection holes, the bottom plate (414) is arranged at the bottom of the bent plate (411), the upper hinge shaft (413) is arranged on the side plate (412), and the upper hinge shaft (413) is used to connect one end of the load-bearing cylinder assembly (42); The sieve bucket body (43) comprises a top plate (431), a back plate (432), a lower hinge shaft (433), and a sieve bucket body side plate (434). , a main blade plate (435) and a sieve plate (436); both ends of the top plate (431) are connected to the main blade plate (435) through the sieve bucket body side plate (434), the opening of the sieve bucket body (43) is between the top plate (431) and the main blade plate (435), the back plate (432) is arranged on a side away from the main blade plate (435) below the top plate (431), the top plate (431), the back plate (432), the sieve bucket body side plate (434) and the main blade plate (435) constitute the frame of the sieve bucket body (43), and each surface of the sieve bucket body (43) is provided with a sieve plate (436) through the frame, the lower hinge shaft (433) is provided on the sieve bucket body side plate (434), and the lower hinge shaft (433) is used to connect the other end of the load-bearing cylinder assembly (42); A plurality of shear spring assemblies (44) are provided on the top plate (431), and each shear spring assembly (44) includes: an upper fixing plate (441), a lower fixing plate (442), a spring body (443), and a bolt assembly (444); the upper fixing plate (441) is connected to the bottom plate (414) via the bolt assembly (444), the lower fixing plate (442) is connected to the top plate (431) via the bolt assembly (444), and the upper fixing plate (441) and the lower fixing plate (442) are connected via the spring body (443); The bottom of the bottom plate (414) is provided with a rear limit block (416) and a front limit block (417), and the top of the top plate (431) is provided with a middle limit block (437), and the middle limit block (437) is located between the rear limit block (416) and the front limit block (417).

2. The screening bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-axis linear exciter (45) includes an eccentric mass (451), a lower shell (452), an upper shell (453) and a synchronous gear (454). The lower shell (452) and the upper shell (453) are covered and connected to the back plate (432). The number of the synchronous gears (454) is two groups. The two groups of synchronous gears (454) are meshed. Each group of synchronous gears (454) is connected to an eccentric mass (451). One eccentric mass (451) is driven to rotate by a hydraulic motor, and the other eccentric mass (451) is driven to rotate in the opposite direction by the synchronous gear (454). The eccentric moments of the two eccentric masses (451) are the same in magnitude and in opposite phases. The generated exciting force resultant f is always perpendicular to the back plate (432).

3. A working device comprising: A boom (1), a dipper arm (2) and a connecting rod mechanism (3), characterized in that it also includes a screening bucket (4) as described in any one of claims 1-2, one end of the dipper arm (2) is rotatably connected to the boom (1), and the other end is connected to the screening bucket (4) through the connecting rod mechanism (3).

4. An excavator, characterized in that: The excavator is provided with the working device according to claim 3.

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