A compressed air energy storage power generation system with high response speed and a method for operating the same

Abstract

The application discloses a compressed air energy storage power generation system with high response speed and an operation method thereof. The outlet of a heat accumulator is connected with the inlet of a double-tank liquid piston, the outlet of the double-tank liquid piston is connected with a gas storage tank, and the outlet of the gas storage tank is connected with the inlet of an expansion generator set and the inlet of the double-tank liquid piston. A heat exchanger is arranged in the expansion generator set, the outlet of high-temperature concentrated ammonia water solution of a mixer in an ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit is connected with the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger, and the hot side inlet of a solution heat exchanger in the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit is connected with the hot side outlet of the heat exchanger. The compressed ammonia steam outlet of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit is connected with the cold side inlet of the heat accumulator, and the outlet of preheated dilute ammonia water solution of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit and the cold side outlet of the heat accumulator are connected with the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger through the mixer. The system response speed is improved by using the fast response speed of the liquid piston to compensate for the slow start speed of the expander.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of physical energy storage technology, specifically relating to a high-response-speed compressed air energy storage power generation system and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of vigorous promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction, renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power have experienced rapid development. However, the utilization of renewable energy is subject to problems such as instability and intermittency, which poses a significant challenge to the grid connection of new energy power generation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop energy storage technology to solve these problems.

[0003] Compressed air energy storage (CASS) is one of the energy storage technologies suitable for large-scale system operation. Similar to pumped hydro storage, CASS is a physical energy storage technology that converts electrical energy into pressure-released air for storage. It mainly consists of an electric motor, compressor, expander, generator, air storage tank, and heat exchange equipment. During energy storage, excess electricity from the renewable energy power plant drives the compressor to compress air and store it in the air storage tank. During energy release, the compressed air is released from the storage tank, heated, and then fed into the expander to generate electricity, thus achieving the effect of peak shaving and valley filling.

[0004] However, compressed air energy storage systems are limited by equipment characteristics, resulting in a relatively slow start-up speed, typically on the order of minutes. Specifically, the expander takes approximately one minute to go from standstill to full load operation. To ensure timely power supply when renewable energy power plants experience power shortages, improving the system's response speed becomes extremely important. Currently, there is a patent, CN 113346626A, that improves the response speed of compressed air energy storage systems by incorporating a fast-response module using supercapacitors. However, this patent still does not solve the problem of the slow expander start-up speed, which hinders the overall system response speed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a high-response compressed air energy storage and power generation system and its operation method. By simultaneously starting the expander, compressed air is also input into a dual-tank liquid piston for expansion, thereby driving a water pump and turbine to generate electricity. Since the liquid piston has an extremely fast response speed of only about 15 seconds, the system's response speed can be greatly improved.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system, wherein the compressed air energy storage unit includes a compressor, a heat accumulator, a dual-tank liquid piston, and a gas storage tank; the outlet of the heat accumulator is connected to the dual-tank liquid piston, the outlet of the dual-tank liquid piston is connected to the gas storage tank, and the outlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the inlet of the expansion generator set and the inlet of the dual-tank liquid piston respectively; a heat exchanger is provided in the expansion generator set, the outlet of the high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution of the mixer in the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit is connected to the hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger, and the hot-side inlet of the solution heat exchanger in the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit is connected to the hot-side outlet of the heat exchanger; the compressed ammonia vapor outlet of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit is connected to the cold-side inlet of the heat accumulator, and the outlet of the preheated dilute ammonia solution of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit and the cold-side outlet of the heat accumulator are connected to the hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger via a mixer.

[0007] Furthermore, the dual-tank liquid piston includes a first water-air tank, a second water-air tank, and a water pump turbine; the air inlets of the first and second water-air tanks are respectively connected to the hot side outlet of the heat accumulator, the air outlets of the first and second water-air tanks are respectively connected to the gas storage tank, the water outlet of the first water-air tank is connected to the water inlet of the second water-air tank via the water pump turbine, and the water outlet of the second water-air tank is connected to the water inlet of the first water-air tank via the water pump turbine. Temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and water level gauges are installed in both the first and second water-air tanks.

[0008] Furthermore, the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a mixer, a solution heat exchanger, an expansion valve, a heat generator, an ammonia compressor, and a solution pump. The first outlet of the heat generator is connected to the cold end inlet of the solution heat exchanger via the solution pump. The cold end outlet of the solution heat exchanger is connected to the dilute ammonia solution inlet of the mixer. The cold side outlet of the heat storage unit is connected to the ammonia vapor inlet of the mixer. The concentrated ammonia solution outlet of the mixer is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger. The hot side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the hot end inlet of the solution heat exchanger. The hot end outlet of the solution heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the heat generator via the expansion valve. The second outlet of the heat generator is connected to the cold end inlet of the heat storage unit via the ammonia compressor.

[0009] Furthermore, the mixer is a cylindrical structure closed at both ends, with multiple ammonia vapor inlets on the mixer and nozzles installed at the ammonia vapor inlets; a dilute ammonia solution inlet is opened on the top surface of one end of the mixer, and a concentrated ammonia solution outlet is opened on the side of the other end.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle between the nozzle and the ammonia vapor inlet and the tangent of the cylinder is 30-65°, and the nozzle length is 40-60cm.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rods are welded to the bottom of the mixer. One "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod is arranged in the center, and the other "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rods are evenly arranged around a certain circumference of the central "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod. The "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rods are connected to the bottom surface of the mixer, and the distance between the axis of the central heat-conducting rod and the axis of the other four heat-conducting rods is the same. The top of the "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod is umbrella-shaped, and spiral heat-conducting fins are arranged along the axial direction. The height of the "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod is 130-175cm, and the umbrella shape is a cone with a radius of 25-40cm and a height of 30-45cm.

[0012] Furthermore, the expansion generator set includes a first expander and a second expander, both of which are connected to a generator; the heat exchanger includes a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, the cold side of the first heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the gas storage tank and the inlet of the first expander, and the cold side of the second heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the first expander and the inlet of the second expander, respectively; the hot side inlets of the first and second heat exchangers are both connected to the concentrated ammonia solution outlet of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit; the hot side outlets of the first and second heat exchangers are connected to the hot end inlet of the solution heat exchanger of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit.

[0013] The operation method of the high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system of the present invention includes the following steps: during the energy storage stage, the air is compressed, and after storing the heat energy generated during compression, the compressed air is passed into a dual-tank liquid piston for further pressurization, and finally the compressed air is passed into a storage tank for energy storage.

[0014] During the energy release phase, compressed air is introduced into the dual-tank liquid piston and the expander generator set for expansion and power generation. Once the expander generator set reaches full load, air is no longer introduced into the dual-tank liquid piston, and only the expander is used for power generation thereafter. The ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit and the expander generator set start working simultaneously. The compressed ammonia vapor enters the heat accumulator to absorb the heat of compression, further increasing the temperature of the ammonia vapor. Then, the ammonia vapor inlet of the mixer is mixed with the dilute ammonia solution to generate a high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution. The high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution enters the heat exchanger to heat the compressed air. After releasing heat, the high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution returns to the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit, transforms into compressed ammonia vapor, and then enters the heat accumulator to absorb heat.

[0015] Furthermore, the dual-tank liquid piston includes a first water-air tank, a second water-air tank, and a water pump turbine; the air inlets of the first and second water-air tanks are respectively connected to the hot side outlet of the heat accumulator, the air outlets of the first and second water-air tanks are respectively connected to the air storage tank, the water outlet of the first water-air tank is connected to the water inlet of the second water-air tank via the water pump turbine, and the water outlet of the second water-air tank is connected to the water inlet of the first water-air tank via the water pump turbine; both the first and second water-air tanks are equipped with temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and water level gauges.

[0016] When the dual-tank liquid piston is running, air enters the first water-air tank. The first water pump forces the water in the first water-air tank from the bottom into the second water-air tank. After the air in the second water-air tank is compressed to the set pressure, the compressed air is passed into the storage tank for storage. When the gas level in the second water-air tank is equal to the clearance height, the water pump turbine forces the water in the second water-air tank from the bottom into the first water-air tank. After the air in the first water-air tank is compressed to the set pressure, the compressed air is passed into the storage tank for storage. When the gas level in the first water-air tank is equal to the clearance height, air is passed into the first water-air tank. This cycle repeats to achieve near-isothermal compression in the dual tanks.

[0017] Furthermore, the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a mixer, a solution heat exchanger, an expansion valve, a heat generator, an ammonia compressor, and a solution pump; the first outlet of the heat generator is connected to the cold end inlet of the solution heat exchanger via the solution pump; the cold end outlet of the solution heat exchanger is connected to the dilute ammonia solution inlet of the mixer; the cold side outlet of the heat storage unit is connected to the ammonia vapor inlet of the mixer; the concentrated ammonia solution outlet of the mixer is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger; the hot side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the hot end inlet of the solution heat exchanger; the hot end outlet of the solution heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the heat generator via the expansion valve; and the second outlet of the heat generator is connected to the cold end inlet of the heat storage unit via the ammonia compressor.

[0018] The ammonia compression-absorption combined heat pump unit and the expansion generator set start working simultaneously. The dilute ammonia solution from the first outlet of the heat generator is pumped into the solution heat exchanger to exchange heat with the concentrated ammonia solution from the first and second heat exchangers. Then, it is introduced into the dilute ammonia solution inlet of the mixer to mix with ammonia vapor. The ammonia vapor from the second outlet of the heat generator is compressed by the ammonia compressor and then introduced into the heat accumulator to absorb the heat of compression before being introduced into the ammonia vapor inlet of the mixer to mix with the dilute ammonia solution. The high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution from the concentrated ammonia solution outlet of the mixer is introduced into the heat exchanger to heat the compressed air. The concentrated ammonia solution from the heat exchanger then passes through the solution heat exchanger and the expansion valve before being introduced into the heat generator to form a new cycle.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This invention generates electricity by simultaneously inputting compressed air into a dual-tank liquid piston and an expander at the beginning of energy release, allowing expansion and power generation. Power generation is stopped once the expander reaches full load. Because the liquid piston has an extremely fast response time of only about 15 seconds, this significantly improves the system's response speed and solves the problem of slow expander startup hindering system response. Furthermore, this invention couples compressed air energy storage with an ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump. Utilizing the advantages of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump—wide operating temperature range, low absorber pressure, large temperature difference, and high COP—it can absorb heat from the environment to heat the low-temperature, high-pressure air exiting the storage tank, thus solving the problem of low power generation capacity.

[0021] Furthermore, by setting multiple inclined ammonia vapor inlets and corresponding nozzles, the ammonia vapor injected into the mixer can form a vortex, thereby enhancing the mixing of ammonia vapor with the dilute ammonia water sprayed down from above, improving mixing efficiency, and thus improving the system response speed.

[0022] Furthermore, by setting up "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rods, the heat exchange between the high-temperature air above the mixer and the concentrated ammonia solution below can be enhanced. This avoids the problem of heat waste caused by the mixing and heat dissipation of ammonia vapor and dilute ammonia solution above the mixer, which results in high air temperature above and slow heat exchange with the concentrated ammonia solution below, thus further improving the system response speed.

[0023] Furthermore, the "umbrella"-shaped structure allows concentrated ammonia droplets to fall rapidly below the mixer, preventing them from lingering on the spiral fins and thus improving the system's response speed. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a diagram of a high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a mixer according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top view of a mixer according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle arrangement inside a mixer according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a front view of an "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of an "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a top view of the arrangement of an "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod according to the present invention.

[0031] Wherein: 1-Compressor, 2-Heat accumulator, 3-First valve, 4-First inlet valve, 5-Second inlet valve, 6-First water-gas tank, 7-Second water-gas tank, 8-Water pump turbine, 9-First exhaust valve, 10-Second exhaust valve, 11-Second valve, 12-Gas storage tank, 13-Third valve, 14-Fourth valve, 15-First heat exchanger, 16-First expander, 17-Second heat exchanger, 18-Second expander, 19-Mixer, 20-Solution heat exchanger, 21-Expansion valve, 22-Heat generator, 23-Ammonia compressor, 24-Solution pump, 25-Electric motor, 26-Generator, 27-Dual-tank liquid piston, 28-Ammonia vapor inlet, 29-Dilute ammonia solution inlet, 30-Concentrated ammonia solution outlet, 31-Nozzle, 32-Heat conduction rod, 33-Fifth valve. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Please see Figure 1 A high-response compressed air energy storage and power generation system includes a compressed air energy storage unit, an ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit, and an expander generator set. The expander generator set includes a first expander 16 and a second expander 18, both of which are connected to a generator 26. The compressed air energy storage unit includes a compressor 1, a heat accumulator 2, a dual-tank liquid piston 27, and a gas storage tank 12; the inlet of the compressor 1 is connected to the atmosphere, the outlet is connected to the hot end inlet of the heat accumulator 2, the hot end outlet of the heat accumulator 2 is connected to the inlet of the dual-tank liquid piston 27, and the outlet of the dual-tank liquid piston 27 is connected to the inlet of the gas storage tank 12.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The ammonia compression-absorption combined heat pump unit includes a first heat exchanger 15, a second heat exchanger 17, a mixer 19, a solution heat exchanger 20, an expansion valve 21, a heat generator 22, an ammonia compressor 23, and a solution pump 24. The first outlet of the heat generator 22 is connected to the cold end inlet of the solution heat exchanger 20, with the solution pump 24 positioned between them. The cold end outlet of the solution heat exchanger 20 is connected to the dilute ammonia solution inlet 29 of the mixer 19. The concentrated ammonia solution outlet of the mixer 19 is connected to the hot end inlets of the first heat exchanger 15 and the second heat exchanger 17, respectively. The hot end outlets of the first heat exchanger 15 and the second heat exchanger 17 are connected to the hot end inlet of the solution heat exchanger 20. The hot end outlet of the solution heat exchanger 20 is connected to the inlet of the heat generator 22, with an expansion valve 21 positioned between them. The second outlet of the heat generator 22 is connected to the cold end inlet of the heat accumulator 2, and an ammonia compressor 23 is installed between them. The cold end outlet of the heat accumulator 2 is connected to the ammonia vapor inlet 28 of the mixer 19, and the ammonia vapor vapor is mixed with the dilute ammonia solution in the mixer to form a concentrated ammonia solution.

[0035] Please see Figure 1 The dual-tank liquid piston 27 includes a first water-air tank 6, a second water-air tank 7, a water pump turbine 8, and corresponding inlet and outlet pipes and water pump circulation pipes; such as Figure 1 As shown, the intake and exhaust pipelines include an intake pipeline and an exhaust pipeline that connect the two water-gas tanks in parallel. The intake and exhaust pipelines are connected to the top of the first water-gas tank 6 and the second water-gas tank 7. The intake pipelines of the first water-gas tank 6 and the second water-gas tank 7 are respectively equipped with a first intake valve 4 and a second intake valve 5. The exhaust pipelines of the first water-gas tank 6 and the second water-gas tank 7 are respectively equipped with a first exhaust valve 9 and a second exhaust valve 10. The exhaust pipeline is connected to the intake port of the energy storage expander 12. The water pump turbine 8 and its circulation pipeline are connected to the bottom of the first water-gas tank 6 and the second water-gas tank 7.

[0036] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The four ammonia vapor inlets 28 inside the mixer 19 are all welded with nozzles 31. The angle between the nozzles 31 and the ammonia vapor inlets 28 and the tangent of the cylinder is 30-65 degrees. The length of the nozzles 31 is 40-60cm. By setting four inclined ammonia vapor inlets 28 and corresponding nozzles 31, the ammonia vapor injected into the mixer 19 can form a vortex, thereby enhancing the mixing of ammonia vapor with the dilute ammonia water sprayed down from above, improving the mixing efficiency and thus improving the system response speed.

[0037] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 Five umbrella-shaped heat-conducting rods 32 are welded to the bottom of the mixer 19. These five rods are arranged in a cross shape at the bottom of the cylindrical mixer, with the axis of the central heat-conducting rod equidistant from the axes of the other four. The umbrella-shaped heat-conducting rod 32 can be simplified as consisting of a cone, a cylinder, and spiral fins welded to the outside of the cylinder. The cone and cylinder share the same axis. The cone has a radius of 25-40 cm and a height of 30-45 cm. The cylinder has a radius half that of the cone and a height of 100-130 cm. The width of the spiral fins is equal to the radius of the cylinder. This umbrella-shaped structure allows concentrated ammonia droplets to fall rapidly below the mixer 19, minimizing their residence time on the spiral fins and thus improving the system's response speed.

[0038] Based on the above system, the high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system of the present invention includes the following steps during operation:

[0039] During the energy storage phase, the air compressed by compressor 1 is passed into heat accumulator 2 to absorb the heat of compression, and then passed into dual-tank liquid piston 27 for near-isothermal compression. At this time, the first valve 3 and the fifth valve 33 are open, while the second valve 11, the third valve 13, and the fourth valve 14 are all closed. First, open the first intake valve 4 and close the second intake valve 5, the first exhaust valve 9, and the second exhaust valve 10. Air enters the first water-air tank 6. The first water pump 8 pumps water from the bottom of the first water-air tank 6 into the second water-air tank 7. After the air in the second water-air tank 7 is compressed to the set pressure, open the second exhaust valve 10 to allow the compressed air to be stored in the storage tank 12. Once the gas level in the second water-air tank 7 is equal to the clearance height, close the first intake valve 4 and the second exhaust valve 10. Then, open the second intake valve 5. The water pump turbine 8 pumps water from the bottom of the second water-air tank 7 into the first water-air tank 6. Once the air in the first water-air tank 6 is compressed to the set pressure, open the first exhaust valve 9 to allow the compressed air to be stored in the storage tank 12. Once the gas level in the first water-air tank 6 is equal to the clearance height, close the second intake valve 5 and the first exhaust valve 9. Then, open the first intake valve 4. This cycle is repeated to perform near-isothermal compression in both tanks.

[0040] During the energy release phase, at the very beginning of energy release, the first valve 3 and the fifth valve 33 are closed, while the second valve 11, the third valve 13, and the fourth valve 14 are opened to simultaneously introduce compressed air into the dual-tank liquid piston 27 and the expander for expansion and power generation. Once the expander reaches full load, the second valve 11 and the third valve 13 are closed to stop the introduction of air into the dual-tank liquid piston 27, and thereafter only the expander is used for power generation.

[0041] The ammonia compression-absorption combined heat pump unit also starts working simultaneously with the expansion generator set. The dilute ammonia solution from the first outlet of the heat generator 22 is pumped by the solution pump 24 into the solution heat exchanger 20 to exchange heat with the concentrated ammonia solution from the first heat exchanger 15 and the second heat exchanger 17. Then, it is introduced into the dilute ammonia solution inlet 29 of the mixer 19 to mix with ammonia vapor. The ammonia vapor from the second outlet of the heat generator 22 is first compressed by the ammonia compressor 23 to increase its temperature and pressure. Then, it is introduced into the heat accumulator 2 to absorb the heat of compression and further increase the temperature of the ammonia vapor. Then, it is introduced into the four ammonia vapor inlets 28 of the mixer 19 to mix with the dilute ammonia solution. The high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution from the concentrated ammonia solution outlet of the mixer 19 is introduced into the first heat exchanger 15 and the second heat exchanger 17 to heat the compressed air and increase its work capacity. The concentrated ammonia solution from the first heat exchanger 15 and the second heat exchanger 17 passes through the solution heat exchanger 20 and the expansion valve 21 before entering the heat generator 22 to form a new cycle.

[0042] In summary, the present invention provides a high-response compressed air energy storage and power generation system and its operation method, comprising a compressed air energy storage unit for storing excess electricity from a new energy power plant, an ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit for providing heat energy to the compressed air from the storage tank to enhance its work capacity, and an expansion generator set required for energy release. At the beginning of energy release, compressed air is simultaneously introduced into a dual-tank liquid piston and an expander for expansion and power generation. Once the expander reaches full load, air supply to the liquid piston is stopped, and subsequent power generation is solely powered by the expander. The fast response speed of the liquid piston compensates for the slow start-up speed of the expander, thereby improving the system's response speed.

[0043] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system, characterized in that, The compressed air energy storage unit includes a compressor (1), a heat accumulator (2), a dual-tank liquid piston (27), and a gas storage tank (12). The outlet of the heat accumulator (2) is connected to the inlet of the dual-tank liquid piston (27), the outlet of the dual-tank liquid piston (27) is connected to the gas storage tank (12), and the outlet of the gas storage tank (12) is connected to the inlet of the expansion generator set and the inlet of the dual-tank liquid piston (27), respectively. A heat exchanger is installed in the expansion generator set. The outlet (30) of the high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution of the mixer (19) in the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger. The hot side inlet of the solution heat exchanger (20) in the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit is connected to the hot side outlet of the heat exchanger. The compressed ammonia vapor outlet of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit is connected to the cold side inlet of the heat accumulator (2). The preheated dilute ammonia solution outlet of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit and the cold side outlet of the heat accumulator (2) are connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger via the mixer (19).

2. The high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-tank liquid piston (27) includes a first water-air tank (6), a second water-air tank (7), and a water pump turbine (8); the air inlets of the first water-air tank (6) and the second water-air tank (7) are respectively connected to the hot side outlet of the heat accumulator (2), the air outlets of the first water-air tank (6) and the second water-air tank (7) are respectively connected to the gas storage tank (12), the water outlet of the first water-air tank (6) is connected to the water inlet of the second water-air tank (7) via the water pump turbine (8), and the water outlet of the second water-air tank (7) is connected to the water inlet of the first water-air tank (6) via the water pump turbine (8). Temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and water level gauges are installed in both the first water-air tank (6) and the second water-air tank (7).

3. The high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit includes a first heat exchanger (15), a second heat exchanger (17), a mixer (19), a solution heat exchanger (20), an expansion valve (21), a heat generator (22), an ammonia compressor (23), and a solution pump (24). The first outlet of the heat generator (22) is connected to the cold end inlet of the solution heat exchanger (20) via the solution pump (24). The cold end outlet of the solution heat exchanger (20) is connected to the dilute ammonia solution inlet of the mixer (19). The cold side outlet of the heat storage unit (2) is connected to the ammonia vapor inlet of the mixer (19). The concentrated ammonia solution outlet of the mixer (19) is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger. The hot side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the hot end inlet of the solution heat exchanger (20). The hot end outlet of the solution heat exchanger (20) is connected to the inlet of the heat generator (22) via the expansion valve (21). The second outlet of the heat generator (22) is connected to the cold end inlet of the heat storage unit (2) via the ammonia compressor (23).

4. The high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixer (19) is a cylindrical structure closed at both ends. Multiple ammonia vapor inlets (28) are opened on the mixer (19). A nozzle (31) is provided at the ammonia vapor inlet (28). A dilute ammonia solution inlet (29) is opened on the top surface of one end of the mixer (19), and a concentrated ammonia solution outlet (30) is opened on the side of the other end.

5. The high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The angle between the nozzle (31) and the ammonia vapor inlet (28) and the tangent of the cylinder is 30-65°, and the length of the nozzle (31) is 40-60cm.

6. The high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the mixer (19) is welded with multiple "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rods (32). One "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod is arranged in the center, and the other "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rods are evenly arranged around a certain circumference of the central "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod. The "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rods are connected to the bottom surface of the mixer. The distance between the axis of the central heat-conducting rod and the axis of the other four heat-conducting rods is the same. The top of the "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod is umbrella-shaped, and spiral heat-conducting fins are arranged along the axial direction. The height of the "umbrella"-shaped heat-conducting rod is 130-175cm, and the umbrella shape is a cone with a radius of 25-40cm and a height of 30-45cm.

7. The high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion generator set includes a first expander (16) and a second expander (18), both of which are connected to a generator (26); the heat exchanger includes a first heat exchanger (15) and a second heat exchanger (17), the cold side of the first heat exchanger (15) is connected to the outlet of the gas storage tank (12) and the inlet of the first expander (16), and the cold side of the second heat exchanger (17) is connected to the outlet of the first expander (16) and the inlet of the second expander (18); the hot side inlets of the first heat exchanger (15) and the second heat exchanger (17) are both connected to the concentrated ammonia solution outlet of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit; the hot side outlets of the first heat exchanger (15) and the second heat exchanger (17) are connected to the hot end inlet of the solution heat exchanger of the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit.

8. The method of operating the high-response-speed compressed air energy storage and power generation system as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, In the energy storage stage, the air is compressed and the heat energy generated during compression is stored. The compressed air is then passed into the dual-tank liquid piston (27) for further pressurization. Finally, the compressed air is passed into the air storage tank (12) for energy storage. During the energy release phase, compressed air is introduced into the dual-tank liquid piston (27) and the expansion generator set for expansion and power generation. After the expansion generator set reaches full load, the air supply to the dual-tank liquid piston (27) is stopped, and only the expander is used for power generation thereafter. The ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit and the expansion generator set start working simultaneously. The compressed ammonia vapor enters the heat storage tank (2) to absorb the heat of compression and further increase the temperature of the ammonia vapor. Then, the ammonia vapor inlet of the mixer (19) is mixed with the dilute ammonia solution to generate a high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution. The high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution enters the heat exchanger to heat the compressed air. After releasing heat, the high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution returns to the ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit and is transformed into compressed ammonia vapor before entering the heat storage tank (2) to absorb heat.

9. The operating method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dual-tank liquid piston (27) includes a first water-air tank (6), a second water-air tank (7), and a water pump turbine (8); the air inlets of the first water-air tank (6) and the second water-air tank (7) are respectively connected to the hot side outlet of the heat accumulator (2), the air outlets of the first water-air tank (6) and the second water-air tank (7) are respectively connected to the gas storage tank (12), the water outlet of the first water-air tank (6) is connected to the water inlet of the second water-air tank (7) via the water pump turbine (8), and the water outlet of the second water-air tank (7) is connected to the water inlet of the first water-air tank (6) via the water pump turbine (8). Temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and water level gauges are installed in both the first water-air tank (6) and the second water-air tank (7); When the dual-tank liquid piston (27) is running, air enters the first water-air tank (6), and the water pump turbine (8) presses the water in the first water-air tank (6) from the bottom into the second water-air tank (7). After the air in the second water-air tank (7) is compressed to the set pressure, the compressed air is passed into the storage tank (12) for storage. After the gas height in the second water-air tank (7) is equal to the clearance height, the water pump turbine (8) presses the water in the second water-air tank (7) from the bottom into the first water-air tank (6). After the air in the first water-air tank (6) is compressed to the set pressure, the compressed air is passed into the storage tank (12) for storage. After the gas height in the first water-air tank (6) is equal to the clearance height, the air is passed into the first water-air tank (6). This cycle is repeated to perform near-isothermal compression of the dual tanks.

10. The operating method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit includes a first heat exchanger (15), a second heat exchanger (17), a mixer (19), a solution heat exchanger (20), an expansion valve (21), a heat generator (22), an ammonia compressor (23), and a solution pump (24). The first outlet of the heat generator (22) is connected to the cold end inlet of the solution heat exchanger (20) via the solution pump (24). The cold end outlet of the solution heat exchanger (20) is connected to the dilute ammonia solution inlet of the mixer (19). The hot side outlet of the heat storage unit (2) is connected to the ammonia vapor inlet of the mixer (19). The concentrated ammonia solution outlet of the mixer (19) is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger. The hot side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the hot end inlet of the solution heat exchanger (20). The hot end outlet of the solution heat exchanger (20) is connected to the inlet of the heat generator (22) via the expansion valve (21). The second outlet of the heat generator (22) is connected to the cold end inlet of the heat storage unit (2) via the ammonia compressor (23). The ammonia compression-absorption composite heat pump unit and the expansion generator set start working simultaneously. The dilute ammonia solution from the first outlet of the heat generator (22) is sent to the solution heat exchanger (20) by the solution pump (24) to exchange heat with the concentrated ammonia solution from the first heat exchanger (15) and the second heat exchanger (17). Then, it is introduced into the dilute ammonia solution inlet (29) of the mixer (19) to mix with ammonia vapor. The ammonia vapor from the second outlet of the heat generator (22) is compressed by the ammonia compressor (23) and then introduced into the heat storage tank (2) to absorb the heat of compression before being introduced into the ammonia vapor inlet (28) of the mixer (19) to mix with the dilute ammonia solution. The high-temperature concentrated ammonia solution from the concentrated ammonia solution outlet of the mixer (19) is introduced into the heat exchanger to heat the compressed air. The concentrated ammonia solution from the heat exchanger passes through the solution heat exchanger (20) and the expansion valve (21) before being introduced into the heat generator (22) to form a new cycle.

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