A laser wire filling welding device and a laser wire filling welding method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to a laser wire filling welding device and a laser wire filling welding method. The laser wire filling welding device preheats a welding wire to a predetermined temperature, reduces a temperature threshold span between the welding wire and metal material, changes a temperature field formed by a welding molten pool from violent to gentle, forms regular stirring, avoids excessive free stirring of the molten pool, further reduces metal splashing during welding, and improves welding quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of laser welding technology, and in particular relates to a laser filler wire welding device and a laser filler wire welding method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, high efficiency, high quality, greater safety, and more flexible welding processes are the core concerns in the welding field; therefore, various types of handheld laser welding equipment have emerged. Handheld laser welding machines solve the problems of traditional welding, such as its inability to meet the needs of thin-material welding, high heat input leading to severe deformation of metal materials, poor welding results, and low efficiency.

[0003] However, during the welding of metal materials using welding equipment, spatter in the molten pool is quite severe, increasing the difficulty for welding operators. Excessive spatter makes it difficult to observe the area to be welded, and the resulting particles can adhere to the molten pool, forming welding defects such as porosity and cracks; furthermore, the escape of high-temperature molten liquid from the molten pool can cause safety problems such as fires and burns.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies suffer from safety hazards and reduced welding quality due to severe solution splashing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a laser filler wire welding device and a laser filler wire welding method, which aims to solve the problems of safety hazards and reduced welding quality caused by severe solution splashing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is: a laser filler wire welding device, comprising a laser emitting device for emitting a laser beam and a laser processing head, wherein the laser beam is emitted through the laser processing head and heats the filler wire for laser welding.

[0007] In one embodiment, a laser beam is emitted from a laser processing head to perform laser cleaning and / or preheating on the workpiece before or simultaneously with heating the filler wire.

[0008] In one embodiment, the laser emitting device includes a controller for adjusting the output power of the emitted laser according to processing requirements.

[0009] In one embodiment, the laser emitting device includes multiple laser output modules for emitting one or more laser beams as needed for processing.

[0010] In one embodiment, there is at least one laser processing head, and the laser beam is coaxial or non-coaxial output.

[0011] In one embodiment, the welding apparatus further includes a beam collecting module for collecting fiber cladding light from the laser emitting device to heat the filler wire.

[0012] In one embodiment, the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting device includes one or more of semiconductor lasers, continuous fiber lasers, or pulsed fiber lasers.

[0013] According to another aspect of this application, a laser filler wire welding method is proposed, employing the laser filler wire welding apparatus described above, the method comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1: After the two workpieces are docked and fixed, start the first working state and clean and / or heat the two workpieces through the processing head;

[0015] S3: Activate the second working state and heat the filler wire through the processing head;

[0016] S4: After the welding wire is heated to the predetermined temperature, the wire feeding mechanism pushes the heated welding wire to the welding start point position by monitoring the current temperature information of the welding wire.

[0017] S5: Activate the third working state of the welding equipment, output laser to the welding starting point position on the workpiece processing surface, and at the same time, the wire feeding mechanism continuously pushes the welding wire. The welding wire is melted by the laser radiation output from the processing head and transitions to the workpiece processing surface to complete the welding.

[0018] In one embodiment, in S4, the time interval between the completion of wire preheating and the output laser is less than or equal to a predetermined time; in S3 to S5, the wire feed speed is controlled to ensure that the temperature drop of the wire is within a preset range.

[0019] In one embodiment, the laser processing head and the workpiece processing surface form an angle of 40-60 degrees.

[0020] This application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The laser wire-filling welding device in this case reduces the temperature threshold range between the welding wire and the metal material by setting the preheated welding wire to a predetermined temperature. This causes the temperature field formed by the weld pool to change from intense to gentle, forming regular agitation and a stable weld pool. This avoids excessive free agitation of the weld pool and further reduces metal spatter during welding.

[0022] Furthermore, this case proposes a welding method that cleverly utilizes the laser processing head to pre-clean the workpiece by adjusting the welding parameters, eliminating the need for head replacement. Then, after heating the welding wire to a predetermined temperature, welding begins within a predetermined time, achieving continuous and uninterrupted welding operations. This method is more concise; the preheating of the welding wire not only reduces the temperature threshold difference between the welding wire and the metal material but also simultaneously removes rust, oil, water, and other substances from the welding wire surface, ensuring the cleanliness of both the workpiece and welding wire surfaces. This significantly reduces welding spatter, avoids the formation of numerous pores in the weld, and improves welding quality. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a laser wire filler welding device Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a laser wire filler welding device Figure 2

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a laser wire filler welding device Figure 3 ;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a laser wire filler welding apparatus;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a laser processing head;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the modules in the diagram;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the laser wire filler welding apparatus;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a real-life image of welding spatter taken with a high-speed camera.

[0032] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of laser wire feeding welding spatter after passing through a preheating device, as shown by a high-resolution camera.

[0033] Figure 10 The welding method operation diagram in this case is shown.

[0034] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0035] 1. Wire feeding mechanism; 11. Welding wire; 12. Preheating optical path; 13. Heat conduction module; 14. Beam collection module; 3. Laser; 31. Laser processing head; 310. Laser output module; 32. Alarm module; 2. Protective gas equipment; 15. Temperature detection sensor; 32. Alarm module; 16. Electrode preheating circuit; 161. Coil; 162. Straightening module; 30. Controller. Implementation

[0036] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0038] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0039] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] In current laser welding processes for metallic materials, the large temperature gradient between the welding wire 11 and the metal material leads to excessive boiling and agitation of the molten pool, resulting in instability, large fluctuations, and significant spatter. While most of the molten metal from the welding wire 11 transfers into the molten pool, some flies outside of it. This spatter is particularly severe during high-power laser welding, reducing both welding productivity and weld quality.

[0041] This application provides a laser filler wire welding device that can solve the above problems. By preheating the welding wire 11 through a preheating mechanism, the temperature threshold span between the welding wire 11 and the metal material is reduced, so that the temperature field formed by the welding pool changes from violent to gentle, forming regular stirring, that is, forming a stable molten pool, and avoiding excessive free stirring of the molten pool.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 The diagram illustrates spatter during laser wire feeding welding before and after preheating. Furthermore, this laser wire feeding welding device is currently designed with a matching structure based on handheld laser wire feeding welding applications; this principle can also be used to design and apply automated machine welding.

[0043] The laser wire filler welding apparatus of this application includes a laser device for emitting a laser beam and a laser processing head. The laser beam is emitted after passing through the laser processing head, and simultaneously heats the welding wire 11 to weld the workpiece.

[0044] Optionally, the laser is emitted after passing through the processing head to clean the workpiece before heating the filler wire; or the workpiece can be preheated while being cleaned.

[0045] Furthermore, the welding wire can be preheated by the heat from the gun body, gun barrel, and gun handle of the processing head. This can be either direct contact heating or indirect preheating through a heat-conducting component.

[0046] In other embodiments, the laser beam can also be preheated by splitting the laser beam.

[0047] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 The embodiments of the welding apparatus in this case will be explained in detail.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 One embodiment of this application relates to a handheld welding device, wherein the laser wire-filling welding apparatus includes a laser 3 (i.e., the laser emitting device described above), a wire feeding mechanism 1, and a laser processing head 31 (i.e., the processing head or laser processing head described herein).

[0049] In one embodiment, the laser 3 also includes a controller, namely the controller 30 in the figure, which can adjust parameters such as laser output power, spot size, oscillation linewidth and oscillation amplitude according to processing needs. Example

[0050] In one embodiment, the laser processing head is configured to be at least one, and the laser beam for cleaning and the laser beam for welding are coaxial or non-coaxial outputs.

[0051] Understandably, when a single laser processing head is used, it has a welding exit and a cleaning exit. The welding exit is used to output the laser beam for welding, and the cleaning exit is used to output the laser beam for cleaning. The welding exit and the cleaning exit are spaced apart or partially intersecting. Specifically, the size and cross-sectional shape of the welding and cleaning exits can be set according to actual working parameters to specifically improve the beam quality during processing. Correspondingly, the device has at least one adjustment mechanism inside for adjusting the beam position. When switching processing states, the corresponding exit is selected, and the beam position is adjusted accordingly.

[0052] Alternatively, in other embodiments, the processing head has two laser output modules 310 for cleaning and welding respectively, with each beam corresponding to one output port.

[0053] In one embodiment, the processing head has at least one light outlet, and the cleaning laser beam and the welding laser beam share a single nozzle output, i.e., coaxial output.

[0054] In other embodiments, multiple laser processing heads are configured, each with its own exit for the beam to be emitted, which will not be described further here.

[0055] Alternatively, the laser 3 in this invention may be one or more of a semiconductor laser, a continuous fiber laser, or a pulsed fiber laser. Example

[0056] In one embodiment, the device further includes a beam collecting module, namely beam collecting module 14, for collecting fiber cladding light in the laser 3 (laser emitting device) to preheat the filler wire.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 3The laser wire-filling welding apparatus includes a heat-conducting module 13, a beam-collecting module 14, and a preheating optical path 12. The beam-collecting module 14 filters and collects the cladding light and / or scattered light of the optical fiber, and transmits the beam to the heat-conducting module 13 through the preheating optical path 12 to heat the heat-conducting module 13. The heat-conducting module 13 can be configured with an adapter with good thermal conductivity. The beam irradiates the heat-conducting module 13 to generate heat, and the heat-conducting module 13 is thermally connected to the welding wire 11. The beam-collecting module 14 includes, but is not limited to, filtering and collecting the cladding light and / or scattered light of the optical fiber. Specifically, the beam-collecting module 14 can adopt existing technology, which will not be further elaborated here.

[0058] Of course, in another embodiment, the laser wire-filling welding apparatus includes a beam collection module 14 and a preheating optical path 12. The beam collection module 14 is used to filter and collect the cladding light and / or scattered light of the optical fiber, and transmit the beam directly to the welding wire 11 through the preheating optical path 12 to directly heat the welding wire 11, thereby reducing light loss and improving beam utilization. In this case, the beam collection module 14 can be configured to collect the cladding light and / or scattered light in the optical fiber of the laser 3.

[0059] Furthermore, the cladding light or scattered light in the above scheme can be the cladding light at any position of the optical fiber in the laser, or the cladding light of the optical fiber in the armored cable duct connected to the laser 3, without any limitation.

[0060] In one embodiment, the preheating optical path 12 is located on one side of the beam collecting module 14, so that the cladding light collected by the beam collecting module 14 is continuously reflected and reflected to the preheating optical path 12 on one side.

[0061] Optionally, the heat-conducting module 13 can be configured as a metal adapter with good thermal conductivity, such as aluminum, to ensure that the heat on the surface of the heat-conducting module 13 can be quickly transferred to the surface of the welding wire 11 or the surface of the base material.

[0062] In one embodiment, the beam collecting module 14 includes a cladding light stripper and a cladding light collector. The cladding light stripper strips the cladding light from the optical fiber within the laser, and the cladding light collector collects the stripped cladding light for transmission to the preheating optical path 12. The cladding light stripper may employ a high-refractive-index coating or optical structure on the surface of the fiber cladding to disrupt total internal reflection and collect the cladding light. The cladding light collector collects and shapes the cladding light emerging from the cladding, facilitating its emission along the predetermined preheating optical path 12.

[0063] In one embodiment, the cladding light stripper has a collection section arranged circumferentially around the optical fiber so that the collection section can collect all the residual light in the cladding and increase the collection rate of the cladding light.

[0064] In one embodiment, the preheating optical path 12 is located on one side of the cladding light stripper, so that the cladding light in the collection section is continuously reflected and reflected to the preheating optical path 12 on one side.

[0065] In one embodiment, the preheating optical path 12 includes at least one focusing element to focus the cladding light onto the surface of the workpiece filament.

[0066] Optionally, the cladding light stripper is arranged circumferentially around the optical fiber to collect as much cladding light as possible, forming a surface light source or a point light source, which is then transmitted to the surface of the welding wire through the preheating optical path 12. When the workpiece to be processed is the welding wire 11, the heat conduction module 13 can be configured as an annular component surrounding the circumference of the welding wire 11 to ensure that the surface of the welding wire 11 is uniformly heated. Example

[0067] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 6 The wire feeding mechanism 1 includes an electrode preheating circuit 16 and a heat-conducting module 13. The heat-conducting module 13 is connected to a power source through the electrode preheating circuit 16. The heat-conducting module 13 includes a ceramic body, which is heated by a heating element. An insulator is thermally connected to the surface of the welding wire 11 to achieve heat transfer. For example, in this case… Figure 6 The coil 161 is spirally wound around the ceramic body 162, and the welding wire 11 is nested inside the ceramic body 162. The power source converts AC power into higher frequency AC power and transmits it to the induction coil 161, generating an electromagnetic field within the coil. Since the welding wire 11, which needs to be heated, is also a conductor, the induction coil 161 and the welding wire 11 form a closed-loop current, making the electrons inside the metal highly active, causing them to collide and rub against each other, thus generating heat and achieving the effect of rapidly heating the welding wire itself. Compared to existing technologies, this solution can increase the heating speed of the welding wire, helping to accelerate production efficiency.

[0068] Alternatively, the heating element in this case can also be a heating probe, a heating pad, etc.

[0069] In this embodiment, the wire feeding mechanism 1 is equipped with a straightening module 162 to straighten the shape of the welding wire 11 after it exits the nozzle. The straightening module 162 is located at the front end of the heat-conducting module 13 and straightens the welding wire 11 after preheating. Since the welding wire 11 is generally made of metal, it will soften to varying degrees after heating. At this time, the straightening module 162 can quickly straighten the welding wire. Optionally, the straightening module 162 includes a hollow guide sleeve.

[0070] In one embodiment, a temperature detection sensor 15 is provided on the surface of the insulator. The number of temperature detection sensors 15 is set to multiple, which are evenly and spaced on the surface of the welding wire to capture the current temperature information of the welding wire in real time.

[0071] Once the temperature sensor 15 detects that the current welding wire temperature has reached the target threshold, the preheating mechanism automatically stops heating. Subsequently, the wire feeding mechanism starts working and begins to push the welding wire to the processing position.

[0072] Of course, laser wire-filling welding equipment may include a display panel and a control panel to display the current welding parameters, which can be manually selected via buttons or a touch screen control panel. Welding parameters include, for example, the type of base material, the type of workpiece material, power, wire temperature, wire travel speed, etc.

[0073] The above solution allows for precise control of induction heating via temperature sensor 15. By changing the current, voltage, and frequency of the induction coil, finely tuned heat is generated, ensuring the welding wire is uniformly heated to the set temperature. The added welding wire straightening module at the back end prevents bending and deformation of the output welding wire, thus improving welding quality.

[0074] Optionally, the threshold set by the temperature detection sensor 15 and the maximum temperature threshold of the preheating mechanism are generally slightly higher than the rated heating temperature corresponding to the welding wire. On the one hand, because the welding wire 11 requires a certain time interval during the advancement process, the surface temperature of the welding wire 11 will decrease over time due to the influence of room temperature and its own thermal conductivity. Therefore, by controlling parameters such as the advancement speed, time and distance of the welding wire 11, the temperature of the welding wire 11 near the molten pool can be precisely controlled.

[0075] On the other hand, after the welding wire 11 is heated, the heat conduction module 13 still has residual heat for a short period of time, and its heat cannot be dissipated quickly. The welding wire 11 has good thermal conductivity. For a period of time after the welding wire 11 stops heating, the welding wire is in a continuous heating process until the heat on the surface of the heat conduction module 13 dissipates and the temperature drops. When the temperature is lower than the temperature of the surface of the welding wire 11, the surface temperature of the welding wire 11 will show a downward trend.

[0076] Optionally, the current frequency used in induction heating heat treatment is usually 600 to 900 kHz, and the heating layer depth is 0.1 to 1 mm. It can be used to heat the surface of medium-diameter welding wire 11, and then conduct the heat from the surface of welding wire 11 to the interior of welding wire 11 through heat conduction, so that the preheating temperature of welding wire 11 is uniform. Example

[0077] In other embodiments, the beam collecting module 14 can also collect a portion of the useful light from the output beam of the laser 3. In this case, the laser 3 may include a laser output module 310 disposed inside the laser processing head 31, which is connected to the laser 3 via an armored cable. Based on this, the beam collecting module 14 is configured as a beam splitter, which is used to split the laser beam into at least two laser beams. Corresponding optical path transmission cavities and optical devices are set on the welding equipment. That is, a beam splitter and a separate beam splitting optical path are set inside the processing head to conduct the corresponding laser beam to the surface of the welding wire for preheating the welding wire 11. This scheme is not illustrated. Optionally, multiple refractive and / or reflective elements are disposed in the optical path transmission cavity to uniformly irradiate the circumferential sidewall of the welding wire; or the beam is concentrated on multiple uniformly arranged heating points on the heat conduction module 13. Example

[0078] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The laser 3 may include a laser output module 310 disposed inside the laser processing head 31, and the laser output module 310 is connected to the laser 3 via an armored cable. A beam collecting module 14 is provided in the optical path of the laser output module 310, that is, the beam collecting module 14 is used to split and collect the laser beam before the output end of the laser output module 310. Then, the heat is transmitted to the surface of the welding wire 11 through the heat conduction module 13.

[0079] Optionally, the beam collecting module 14 concentrates the beam onto multiple uniformly arranged heating points on the heat conducting module 13.

[0080] During the preheating process of the welding wire, the welding wire 11 can be built into the welding equipment, such as inside the handheld processing head, or it can be set outside the handheld processing head.

[0081] Based on the above embodiments, the laser wire-filling welding device includes an alarm module 32. The alarm module 32 is used to monitor and prompt the time interval between the preheating of the welding wire 11 and the laser 3 emitting light, thereby reminding the operator to operate continuously to improve welding accuracy. At the same time, it avoids the welding wire 11 surface temperature from dropping due to too long an interval after preheating, or the welding wire 11 surface temperature from being too high due to too short an interval after preheating, so that the current temperature of the welding wire 11 cannot be equal to the temperature of the molten pool during laser welding.

[0082] The device can be set at a predetermined time interval, and the alarm module 32 will assist the user in continuous operation to achieve precise control of the temperature of the welding wire when it reaches the molten pool, thereby improving the welding quality.

[0083] Optionally, a heat insulation module may be selectively provided between the heat conduction module 13 and the nozzle position of the laser processing head 31 (i.e., the processing head) to avoid the above-mentioned problems and increase the reliability of the device.

[0084] The alarm module 32 is configured to provide one or more of the following: voice prompts, vibration prompts, and flashing light prompts.

[0085] Optionally, the preheating mechanism of this application can be set independently relative to the laser 3, or it can be integrated into the laser 3, or it can be integrated into the wire feeding mechanism. No further restrictions are made here.

[0086] Optionally, the preheating mechanism of this application can not only preheat the welding wire, but also preheat the workpiece to remove oil stains from the surface of the workpiece, reduce the temperature difference between the molten pool and the workpiece, and slow down the agitation of the molten pool.

[0087] Optionally, when the preheating mechanism collects the cladding light heat in the laser fiber to the preheating optical path 12, a beam splitting mechanism can be set on the preheating optical path 12 to split the cladding light into two parts, one part of which is used as an auxiliary heat source for melting the welding wire, and the other part is used as a heating power source for the welding wire.

[0088] According to another aspect of this application, a welding method for the aforementioned laser wire filler welding apparatus is proposed, please refer to... Figure 9 The method includes:

[0089] S1: After the two workpieces are joined and fixed, the welding equipment is activated in its first working state. The two workpieces are cleaned using the processing head (which can be understood as a laser processing head in the welding process). By using the processing head to perform cleaning and welding tasks on the workpieces sequentially or simultaneously, production efficiency is improved.

[0090] Specifically, the first working state refers to the adjustment of the initial laser output power, initial deflection angle and initial laser defocusing amount, cleaning speed, spot size and shape, etc. of laser cleaning.

[0091] Optionally, the device also includes an autofocus mechanism mounted on the processing head for adjusting the laser focal length, etc.

[0092] Optionally, the device also includes a CCD camera module for detecting the degree of dirt on the workpiece surface, and the automatic processing is achieved through the CCD camera module and the main control board.

[0093] Furthermore, appropriate laser output parameters can be selected and set according to the material of the workpiece and the parameters of the welding wire 11.

[0094] This involves removing rust and oil stains from a 50mm radius around the welding area on both workpieces. Of course, for larger workpieces, the cleaning area may vary depending on the specific requirements.

[0095] In this process, rust, oil, water, and other substances on the surface of welding wire 11 are removed to prevent the formation of a large number of pores in the weld during welding and to avoid excessive free agitation of the molten pool. The preheating of welding wire 11 changes the temperature field of the weld pool from drastic to gradual, forming regular agitation and a stable molten pool, which improves the welding bonding strength and greatly reduces the generation of welding spatter.

[0096] On the other hand, heating the surface of the welding wire removes rust and oil, eliminating the need for additional cleaning and reducing production steps. For the welding process, it avoids porosity issues caused by dirt, improves the smoothness of the weld surface, and enhances welding quality.

[0097] S2: The laser processing head 31 (i.e., the processing head) equipped with the wire feeding mechanism 1 is placed at a specific angle at the welding starting point position on the workpiece processing surface to avoid the laser processing head 31 being affected by back reflection light, which could damage the optical components.

[0098] Optionally, the laser processing head 31 and the workpiece processing surface form an angle of 40-60 degrees.

[0099] S3: Activate the second working state of the welding equipment to heat the predetermined length area of ​​the welding wire 11.

[0100] The appropriate heating temperature is selected and set based on the size and performance parameters of the welding wire 11. Heating can also be performed intermittently according to the feeding speed of the welding wire 11. That is, the preheating temperature range of the welding wire 11 varies depending on its diameter and material.

[0101] For example, the heating temperature of welding wire 11 can be controlled between 0-1000℃. The heating temperature can be adjusted according to the different materials of welding wire 11. For example, it is recommended to set the temperature of stainless steel 304 welding wire 11 to 500-600℃, and the heating temperature of aluminum welding wire 11 to 300-350℃. The welding wire 11 is heated evenly until the set temperature is reached and then heating is stopped.

[0102] Furthermore, this design allows for precise control of the length of each preheating of the welding wire, avoiding a situation where the temperature at the front of the welding wire is moderate after preheating, but the temperature at the rear is low. This avoids the problem of uneven temperature on the welding wire caused by excessively long welding wire distance, greatly improving the consistency of each section of the heated welding wire and further enhancing the consistency of the welding texture on the entire weld.

[0103] In this process, when the welding wire is heated using the heat conduction module 13, the beam collection module 14, and the preheating optical path 12, the method steps also include the acquisition and control of the output power of the preheating optical path 12.

[0104] In this process, when the electrode preheating circuit 16 and the heat conduction module 13 are used to heat the welding wire, the method steps also include adjusting the current, voltage, etc. of the electrode preheating circuit 16 and the heat conduction module 13.

[0105] S4: After the welding wire 11 is heated to the predetermined temperature, the heating stops and the wire feeding mechanism 1 is turned on. The wire feeding mechanism 1 pushes the preheated welding wire 11 to the welding start position.

[0106] Optionally, the threshold value set by the temperature detection sensor 15 and the maximum temperature threshold value of the preheating mechanism are generally slightly higher than the rated heating temperature corresponding to the welding wire. On the one hand, because the welding wire 11 requires a certain time interval during the advancement process, the surface temperature of the welding wire 11 will decrease over time due to room temperature and its own thermal conductivity. On the other hand, after the welding wire 11 has finished heating, the heat conduction module 13 still has residual heat for a short period of time, and its heat cannot dissipate quickly. Since the welding wire 11 has good thermal conductivity, the welding wire is in a continuous heating process for a period of time after the welding wire 11 stops heating, until the heat on the surface of the heat conduction module 13 dissipates and the temperature decreases. When its temperature is lower than the temperature of the surface of the welding wire 11, the surface temperature of the welding wire 11 will show a downward trend.

[0107] Therefore, preferably, the time interval between the end of the preheating of the welding wire 11 and the output of the laser is less than or equal to a predetermined time, such as 10 seconds, 5 seconds or 20 seconds.

[0108] Furthermore, in S3 to S5, the pushing speed of the welding wire 11 is controlled to ensure that the temperature change of the welding wire 11 is between 0 and 50 degrees, which can prevent the temperature drop of the welding wire 11 from being too large.

[0109] Optionally, the device in this case also includes an ambient temperature acquisition sensor, which can be dynamically correlated with the external ambient temperature to achieve precise control of the output heat.

[0110] During the welding process, the heating temperature of welding wires of various materials is defined according to their own parameters, and the corresponding temperature drop is not constant. It can be appropriately controlled and adjusted within a predetermined range according to the temperature threshold in the weld pool.

[0111] S5: Activate the third working state of the welding equipment, output laser to the welding starting point position on the workpiece processing surface, and at the same time, the wire feeding mechanism 1 continuously pushes the welding wire 11. The welding wire 11 is melted by laser radiation and transitions to the workpiece processing surface to complete the welding.

[0112] Furthermore, in S5, appropriate laser output parameters are set according to the material of the workpiece. The laser output parameters include power, spot shape, and linewidth.

[0113] Taking one-handed laser welding as an example, the parameters of its control system are set as follows: the scanning trajectory is a zigzag pattern, the scanning oscillation amplitude is 3mm, the defocusing amount is -3mm, the welding speed is 15mm / s, the laser oscillation frequency is 50Hz, and the laser output power is 1500W. A protective gas device 2 is also set, using nitrogen or argon gas with a purity of 99.99% and a flow rate of 15L / min.

[0114] On the other hand, this case also relates to an electrical module for a laser wire-filling welding apparatus, used in the welding apparatus described above. The system includes a light-emitting control unit for controlling the laser's output or stopping of light emission, and also includes a wire-feeding control unit, a controller, and a preheating control unit. The controller can be externally mounted or located inside the laser 3.

[0115] In one embodiment, the system includes a temperature detection unit that monitors the current temperature of the welding wire in real time through a temperature detection sensor and transmits the temperature data to the controller 30. The controller 30 outputs instruction information to the preheating control unit and the wire feeding control unit.

[0116] In one embodiment, the laser wire filler welding apparatus includes an alarm control unit, which is connected to a light emission control unit to monitor the time interval between light emission and heating cessation.

[0117] On the other hand, this case also relates to a laser wire filler welding system, which includes the welding apparatus and electrical module described in the above embodiments.

[0118] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser wire filler welding apparatus, comprising a laser emitting device for emitting a laser beam and a laser processing head, characterized in that: The laser beam is emitted from the laser processing head and heats the filler wire to perform laser welding. The welding device also includes a beam collecting module for collecting fiber cladding light from the laser emitting device to heat the filler wire.

2. The laser wire filler welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser beam is emitted from the laser processing head and performs laser cleaning and / or preheating on the workpiece before or simultaneously with heating the filler wire.

3. The laser wire-filling welding apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The laser emitting device includes a controller for adjusting the output power of the emitted laser according to processing requirements.

4. The laser wire-filling welding apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The laser emitting device includes multiple laser output modules, which are used to emit one or more laser beams according to processing needs.

5. The laser wire filler welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser processing head is at least one, and the laser beam is coaxial or non-coaxial output.

6. The laser wire filler welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser beam emitted by the laser emitting device includes one or more of semiconductor lasers, continuous fiber lasers, or pulsed fiber lasers.

7. A laser filler wire welding method, employing the laser filler wire welding apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1: After the two workpieces are docked and fixed, the first working state is activated, and the two workpieces are cleaned and / or heated by the processing head. S2: Position the laser processing head, equipped with a wire feeding mechanism, at a specific angle at the welding start point on the workpiece surface; S3: Activate the second working state and heat the filler wire through the processing head; S4: After the welding wire is heated to the predetermined temperature, the wire feeding mechanism pushes the heated welding wire to the welding start position by monitoring the current temperature information of the welding wire; S5: Activate the third working state of the welding equipment, output laser to the welding starting point position of the workpiece processing surface, and at the same time, the wire feeding mechanism continuously pushes the welding wire. The welding wire is melted by the laser radiation output by the processing head and transitions to the workpiece processing surface to complete the welding.

8. The welding method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S4, the time interval between the completion of the welding wire preheating and the output laser is less than or equal to a predetermined time; in S3 to S5, the feeding speed of the welding wire is controlled to ensure that the temperature drop of the welding wire is within a preset range.

9. The welding method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The laser processing head and the workpiece processing surface form an angle of 40-60 degrees.

Images