Magnet automatic attaching mechanism for a box

By designing an automated feeding and magnet attaching mechanism, the automatic conveying and attaching of magnets to workpieces is achieved, solving the problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency caused by manual operation, and improving the automation level and efficiency of box production.

CN117207595BActive Publication Date: 2026-02-03GUANGDONG LISHUNYUAN INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202311406895.4
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2023-10-27
Publication Date
2026-02-03
Estimated Expiration
2043-10-27

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In the existing technology, the bonding of the box magnets mainly relies on manual operation, which is labor-intensive, has low production efficiency, and cannot meet the needs of high-efficiency production.

Method used

Design an automated device that includes a feeding mechanism and a magnet-applying mechanism. The device achieves automatic conveying and magnet application of workpieces through a conveying component, a correction component, and a magnet-applying robot. It utilizes the clamping and pushing of driven and driving rollers, magnetic attraction, and the friction of the flexible adhesive layer to ensure stable conveying and positioning of the magnets, thus avoiding manual operation.

Benefits of technology

It enables automated conveying and mounting of workpiece magnets, reducing manual labor intensity, improving production efficiency, and avoiding magnet damage and misalignment.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of box processing equipment, in particular to a magnet automatic attaching mechanism for a box, which comprises a rack, a feeding mechanism arranged on the rack, and a movable magnet attaching mechanism, the feeding mechanism comprises a support plate for conveying workpiece magnets, a conveying assembly and an arrangement platform for arranging the workpiece magnets, the support plate is arranged on the rack, the arrangement platform is connected with the support plate, and the conveying assembly is arranged in cooperation with the support plate; the workpiece magnets are arranged on the support plate, and the conveying assembly conveys the workpiece magnets to the arrangement platform; the magnet attaching mechanism comprises a magnet attaching manipulator, the magnet attaching manipulator picks up the workpiece magnets on the arrangement platform and moves the workpiece magnets to the external box to attach the workpiece magnets. The automatic conveying of the workpiece magnets is realized through the feeding mechanism, the automatic attaching of the workpiece magnets is realized through the magnet attaching mechanism, the problem that the workpiece magnets need to be manually attached during the production of the box is avoided, manual labor is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of box processing equipment technology, and in particular discloses an automatic magnet attaching mechanism for boxes. Background Technology

[0002] In the packaging industry, there are various ways to close cardboard boxes, such as using a lid to cover the box body; however, a more common method is to connect the box body and lid together, with magnets and iron blocks at the other ends of both. The interaction of the magnets and iron blocks closes the box body and lid. With the improvement of living standards, people have increasingly higher requirements for gift packaging boxes. Current technology typically involves manually attaching magnets to the glued cardboard box, which is labor-intensive, inefficient, and cannot meet production demands. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a device that can automatically complete the mounting of magnets in a box, thereby reducing manual labor and improving production efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an automatic magnet mounting mechanism for a box, comprising a frame, a feeding mechanism placed on the frame, and a movable magnet mounting mechanism. The feeding mechanism includes a support plate for conveying workpiece magnets, a conveying assembly, and a sorting platform for sorting workpiece magnets. The support plate is placed on the frame, the sorting platform is connected to the support plate, and the conveying assembly is configured to cooperate with the support plate. The workpiece magnet is placed on the support plate, and the conveying assembly conveys the workpiece magnet to the sorting platform. The magnet mounting mechanism includes a magnet mounting robot that picks up the workpiece magnet from the sorting platform and moves it to the outer box for magnet mounting. By setting up the feeding mechanism, the automatic conveying of workpiece magnets is achieved, and by setting up the magnet mounting mechanism, the automatic mounting of workpiece magnets is achieved, avoiding the problem of manual magnet mounting in box production, reducing manual labor, and improving production efficiency.

[0005] Furthermore, the conveying assembly includes a driven roller and a driving roller. Multiple workpiece magnets are connected end to end to form a magnetic belt, which is placed on a support plate. The driven roller and the driving roller are located on both sides of the support plate and are rotatably connected to the frame. The frame is equipped with a first driving component that drives the driving roller to rotate. The driven roller and the driving roller cooperate to clamp and push the magnetic belt to move on the support plate. The structure is simple, realizes automatic transportation of workpiece magnets, reduces manual labor, and improves production efficiency.

[0006] Furthermore, both the driven roller and the driving roller are coated rollers with a flexible rubber layer on their outer surface. The flexible rubber layer allows the roller to fit in contact with the magnet, enabling the driven roller and the driving roller to cooperate in clamping and pushing the workpiece magnet, thus preventing damage to the workpiece magnet by the roller; at the same time, the flexible rubber layer increases the friction between the driving roller, the driven roller and the workpiece magnet, preventing slippage and facilitating the pushing of the workpiece magnet.

[0007] Furthermore, the conveying component includes a traction magnet, with multiple workpiece magnets connected end to end to form a magnetic belt placed on a support plate. The traction magnet is placed at the end of the sorting platform away from the support plate. Due to magnetic attraction, the magnetic belt moves on the support plate. The structure is simple, realizes automatic transportation of workpiece magnets, reduces manual labor, and improves production efficiency.

[0008] Furthermore, the feeding mechanism also includes a correction component, which is mounted on the frame and cooperates with the support plate. The correction component includes a first base, clamping members, and a second driving member. The first base is mounted on the frame, and the clamping members are slidably connected to the first base. There are two sets of clamping members, located on both sides of the support plate. The second driving member drives the two sets of clamping members to clamp and abut the workpiece magnets on the support plate, thus aligning the workpiece magnets neatly. By setting up the correction component, the workpiece magnets are prevented from shifting and falling off the support plate when the transmission line is too long.

[0009] Furthermore, the magnetic applicator includes a second base, a pickup component, and a first pushing component. The pickup component is fixedly connected to the second base, and the first pushing component is slidably connected to the pickup component. The pickup component picks up the workpiece magnet from the sorting platform and places it on the outer box. The pickup component slides relative to the first pushing component, and the first pushing component abuts against the workpiece magnet, causing the workpiece magnet to separate from the pickup component. The pickup component and the first pushing component work together to prevent the magnetic applicator from carrying away the workpiece magnet after it has been applied, thus avoiding manual application of the workpiece magnet and improving production efficiency.

[0010] Furthermore, the magnetizing mechanism also includes a first slide rail located on both sides of the frame, a first slider slidably connected to the first slide rail, and a second slider slidably connected to the first slider. The second slider is equipped with a magnetizing robot for picking up workpiece magnets. The first and second sliders are installed together to facilitate the magnetizing robot to move in two directions for precise positioning, quickly pick up and install workpiece magnets, and improve production efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, the second slider is equipped with multiple sets of buffers. The buffers reduce the impact and vibration of the magnetic robot on the external sorting platform. The piston rod of the buffer is set lower than the magnetic robot to avoid damage caused by impact, and at the same time, to prevent the ferromagnetic robot from crushing the box.

[0012] Furthermore, the first pusher has a U-shaped structure. The open end of the U-shaped structure abuts against the workpiece magnet, causing the workpiece magnet to separate from the pickup. The open end of the U-shaped structure has two contact points with the workpiece magnet, which are located on both sides of the pickup, so that the workpiece magnet is subjected to force balance and damage to the workpiece magnet is avoided.

[0013] Furthermore, the sorting platform includes a sorting platform, a second pusher, and a pick-up platform. One end of the sorting platform is connected to the support plate, and the other end of the sorting platform is provided with a groove for accommodating the traction magnet. The second pusher and the pick-up platform are located on both sides of the sorting platform. The second pusher abuts against the workpiece magnet at the front end of the magnet strip, causing the workpiece magnet at the front end to separate from the magnet strip and move to the pick-up platform, which is convenient for the magnetizing mechanism to pick up and avoids the situation where the magnetizing mechanism picks up multiple workpiece magnets due to the magnetic force of the workpiece magnet when picking up the magnet.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Automatic conveying of the workpiece magnet is achieved through a feeding mechanism, and automatic application of the workpiece magnet is achieved through a magnet-applying mechanism, solving the problem of manual magnet application in box production and improving production efficiency; the driven roller and the driving roller work together to clamp and push the workpiece magnet on the support plate, achieving automatic transport of the workpiece magnet; magnetic attraction allows the magnet belt to move on the support plate, resulting in a simple structure and automatic transport of the workpiece magnet; the pickup component works in conjunction with the first pushing component to prevent the magnet-applying robot from being carried away by the pickup component after applying the workpiece magnet, thus preventing effective magnet application; the first slider and the second slider work together to facilitate the magnet-applying robot in picking up and installing the workpiece magnet, avoiding manual magnet application and improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an automatic magnet attaching mechanism for a box according to the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the feeding mechanism of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic bonding mechanism of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic bonding robot of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first pusher of the present invention.

[0021] The reference numerals in the figures include:

[0022] 1—Frame; 2—Feeding mechanism; 3—Magnetic bonding mechanism

[0023] 4—First slide rail; 5—Traction magnet; 6—Platform to be adjusted

[0024] 7—Conveying Components 8—Sorting Platform 9—Feeding Turntable

[0025] 10—Turntable support; 11—Support plate; 12—Driven roller

[0026] 13—Drive roller; 14—First drive component; 15—Correction assembly

[0027] 16—First base; 17—Clamping component; 18—Second driving component

[0028] 19—First slider 20—Second slider 21—Magnetic attaching robot

[0029] 22—Second base; 23—Pick-up component; 24—First push component

[0030] 25—Buffer; 26—Elastic element; 27—Second pusher element

[0031] 28—Pending Platform Detailed Implementation

[0032] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.

[0033] Please see Figures 1 to 6 As shown, an automatic magnet mounting mechanism for a box body according to the present invention includes a frame 1, a feeding mechanism 2 placed on the frame 1, and a movable magnet mounting mechanism 3. The feeding mechanism 2 includes a support plate 11 for conveying workpiece magnets, a conveying component 7, and a sorting platform 8 for sorting workpiece magnets. The support plate 11 is placed on the frame 1, the sorting platform 8 is connected to the support plate 11, and the conveying component 7 is configured to cooperate with the support plate 11. The workpiece magnet is placed on the support plate 11, and the conveying component 7 conveys the workpiece magnet to the sorting platform 8. The magnet mounting mechanism 3 includes a magnet mounting robot 21, which picks up the workpiece magnet on the sorting platform 8 and moves it to the outer box body for magnet mounting. The automatic conveying of workpiece magnets is achieved by setting the feeding mechanism 2, and the automatic mounting of workpiece magnets is achieved by setting the magnet mounting mechanism 3, avoiding the problem of manual magnet mounting in box body production, reducing manual labor, and improving production efficiency.

[0034] In use, the workpiece magnet is placed on the support plate 11, and the conveying component 7 transfers the workpiece magnet on the support plate 11 to the sorting platform 8. The magnet attaching robot 21 picks up the workpiece magnet on the sorting platform 8 and transfers it to the outer box for attachment via the magnet attaching mechanism 3.

[0035] The conveying assembly 7 includes a driven roller 12 and a driving roller 13. Multiple workpiece magnets are connected end to end to form a magnetic belt, which is placed on the support plate 11. The driven roller 12 and the driving roller 13 are located on both sides of the support plate 11 and are rotatably connected to the frame 1. The frame 1 is provided with a first driving member 14 that drives the driving roller 13 to rotate. The driven roller 12 and the driving roller 13 cooperate to clamp and push the magnetic belt to move on the support plate 11. The structure is simple, realizes the automatic transportation of workpiece magnets, reduces manual labor, and improves production efficiency.

[0036] Both the driven roller 12 and the driving roller 13 are rubber-coated rollers with a flexible rubber layer on their outer surface. The flexible rubber layer allows the rollers to fit in contact with the magnet, enabling the driven roller 12 and the driving roller 13 to cooperate in clamping and pushing the workpiece magnet, thus avoiding damage to the workpiece magnet by the rollers; at the same time, the flexible rubber layer increases the friction between the driving roller 13, the driven roller 12 and the workpiece magnet, preventing slippage and facilitating the pushing of the workpiece magnet.

[0037] The conveying assembly 7 includes a traction magnet 5. Multiple workpiece magnets are connected end to end to form a magnetic belt, which is placed on the support plate 11. The traction magnet 5 is placed at the end of the sorting platform 8 away from the support plate 11. The traction magnet 5 attracts the magnetic belt to move on the support plate 11 due to magnetic force. The structure is simple, realizes the automatic transportation of workpiece magnets, reduces manual labor, and improves production efficiency.

[0038] Preferably, the driven roller 12 and the driving roller 13 together constitute a roller group. The conveying component 7 includes the roller group and / or the traction magnet 5. The roller group and the traction magnet 5 can be used separately as the conveying component 7, or they can be used together to form the conveying component 7. According to the actual situation, this embodiment uses the roller group and the traction magnet 5 to form the conveying component 7 together, which can ensure that the magnetic belt will not break or separate during the conveying process, and can also provide greater conveying power.

[0039] The feeding mechanism 2 also includes a correction component 15, which is mounted on the frame 1 and cooperates with the support plate 11. The correction component 15 includes a first base 16, clamping members, and a second driving member 18. The first base 16 is mounted on the frame 1, and the clamping members are slidably connected to the first base 16. There are two sets of clamping members, which are located on both sides of the support plate 11. The second driving member 18 drives the two sets of clamping members to clamp and abut the workpiece magnets on the support plate 11, so that the workpiece magnets are neatly arranged. By setting the correction component 15, the workpiece magnets are prevented from shifting and falling off the support plate 11 when the transmission line is too long.

[0040] The magnetic applicator 21 includes a second base 22, a pickup component 23, and a first pusher component 24. The pickup component 23 is fixedly connected to the second base 22, and the first pusher component 24 is slidably connected to the pickup component 23. The pickup component 23 picks up the workpiece magnet from the sorting platform 8 and places it onto the outer box. The pickup component 23 slides relative to the first pusher component 24, and the first pusher component 24 abuts against the workpiece magnet, causing the workpiece magnet to separate from the pickup component 23. The pickup component 23 and the first pusher component 24 work together to prevent the magnetic applicator 21 from being carried away by the pickup component 23 after the workpiece magnet is applied, thus preventing effective magnetic application. This eliminates the need for manual application of workpiece magnets and improves production efficiency.

[0041] The magnet-applying mechanism 3 also includes a first slide rail 4 located on both sides of the frame 1, a first slider 19 slidably connected to the first slide rail 4, and a second slider 20 slidably connected to the first slider 19. The second slider 20 is equipped with a magnet-applying robot 21 for picking up workpiece magnets. The first slider 19 and the second slider 20 are installed together to facilitate the magnet-applying robot 21 to move and accurately position itself in two directions, quickly pick up and apply workpiece magnets, and improve production efficiency.

[0042] Preferably, the magnetic attaching robot 21 is provided with an elastic element 26, with its two ends connected to the first pushing element 24 and the picking element 23, respectively. The elastic element 26 drives the first pushing element 24 to slide relative to the picking element 23, so that the first pushing element 24 returns to the position before contacting the workpiece magnet, thus saving production costs.

[0043] The second slider 20 is equipped with multiple sets of buffers 25. The buffers 25 reduce the impact and vibration of the magnetic robot 21 on the external sorting platform 8. The piston rod of the buffer 25 is set lower than the magnetic robot 21 to avoid damage caused by impact, and at the same time to prevent the ferromagnetic robot from crushing the box.

[0044] The first pusher 24 has a U-shaped structure. The open end of the U-shaped structure abuts against the workpiece magnet, causing the workpiece magnet to separate from the pickup 23. The open end of the U-shaped structure has two contact points with the workpiece magnet. The contact points are located on both sides of the pickup 23, so that the workpiece magnet is subjected to force balance and avoids damage to the workpiece magnet.

[0045] The sorting platform 8 includes a sorting platform 6, a second pusher 27, and a pick-up platform 28. One end of the sorting platform 6 is connected to the support plate 11, and the other end of the sorting platform 6 is provided with a groove for accommodating the traction magnet 5. The second pusher 27 and the pick-up platform 28 are located on both sides of the sorting platform 6. The second pusher 27 abuts against the workpiece magnet at the front end of the magnet strip, causing the workpiece magnet at the front end to separate from the magnet strip and move to the pick-up platform 28, which is convenient for the magnet attaching mechanism 3 to pick up. This avoids the situation where the magnet attaching mechanism 3 picks up multiple workpiece magnets due to the magnetic force of the workpiece magnet when picking up the magnet.

[0046] Preferably, the automatic magnet mounting mechanism for a box provided in this embodiment further includes a feeding mechanism, which includes a feeding turntable 9 and a turntable support 10. The turntable support 10 is connected to the frame 1, and the feeding turntable 9 is rotatably connected to the turntable support 10. Multiple workpiece magnets are connected end to end to form a magnetic strip that is wound around the feeding turntable 9. The feeding turntable 9 rotates to release the wound magnetic strip onto the support plate 11. There is no need for manual placement of the magnetic strip, which realizes automated placement of the magnetic strip and improves production efficiency.

[0047] In use, multiple workpiece magnets are connected end to end to form a magnetic strip that is wound around the feeding turntable 9. When the feeding turntable 9 rotates, the magnetic strip wound on the feeding turntable 9 falls onto the support plate 11 under its own weight and the action of the conveying component 7. The first driving member 14 drives the driving roller 13 to rotate. The driven roller 12 and the driving roller 13 cooperate to clamp and push the magnetic strip to move on the support plate 11. The traction magnet 5 attracts the magnetic strip to move on the support plate 11 due to magnetic force. Two sets of clamping members are located on both sides of the support plate 11. The second driving member 18 drives the two sets of clamping members to clamp the workpiece magnets that are in contact with the support plate 11, so that the workpiece magnets... The workpiece magnets are arranged neatly. The second pusher 27 abuts against the workpiece magnet at the front end of the magnetic strip, causing the workpiece magnet at the front end to separate from the magnetic strip and move to the waiting platform 28. The magnetizing mechanism 3 moves above the waiting platform 28 via the first slide rail 4. The second slider 20 slides relative to the first slider 19. The magnetizing robot 21 picks up the workpiece magnet on the waiting platform 28 and moves it to the outer box via the first slider 19 and the second slider 20. The picking member 23 slides relative to the first pusher 24. The first pusher 24 abuts against the workpiece magnet, causing the workpiece magnet to separate from the picking member 23 and attach the workpiece magnet to the outer box.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic magnet attaching mechanism for a box, comprising a frame (1); characterized in that: It also includes a feeding mechanism (2) placed on the frame (1) and a magnetic bonding mechanism (3) that is movably set. The feeding mechanism (2) includes a support plate (11) for conveying workpiece magnets, a conveying assembly (7), and a sorting platform (8) for sorting workpiece magnets. The support plate (11) is placed on the frame (1), the sorting platform (8) is connected to the support plate (11), and the conveying assembly (7) is set in cooperation with the support plate (11). The workpiece magnet is placed on the support plate (11), and the conveying assembly (7) conveys the workpiece magnet to the sorting platform (8). The magnetic bonding mechanism (3) includes a magnetic bonding robot (21), which picks up the workpiece magnet on the sorting platform (8) and moves it to the outer box to attach the workpiece magnet. The conveying assembly (7) includes a traction magnet (5), and multiple workpiece magnets are connected end to end to form a magnetic belt placed on the support plate (11). The traction magnet (5) is placed at one end of the sorting platform (8) away from the support plate (11). The traction magnet (5) moves the magnetic belt on the support plate (11) due to magnetic attraction. The sorting platform (8) includes a sorting platform (6), a second pusher (27), and a pick-up platform (28). One end of the sorting platform (6) is connected to the support plate (11), and the other end of the sorting platform (6) is provided with a groove for accommodating a traction magnet (5). The second pusher (27) and the pick-up platform (28) are located on both sides of the sorting platform (6). The second pusher (27) abuts against the workpiece magnet at the front end of the magnet belt, causing the workpiece magnet at the front end to separate from the magnet belt and move to the pick-up platform (28). It also includes a feeding mechanism, which includes a feeding turntable (9) and a turntable support (10). The turntable support (10) is connected to the frame (1), and the feeding turntable (9) is rotatably connected to the turntable support (10). Multiple work magnets are connected end to end to form a magnetic belt that is wound around the feeding turntable (9). The feeding turntable (9) rotates to release the wound magnetic belt onto the support plate (11).

2. The automatic magnet mounting mechanism for a box body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying assembly (7) includes a driven roller (12) and a driving roller (13). The driven roller (12) and the driving roller (13) are located on both sides of the support plate (11) and are rotatably connected to the frame (1). The frame (1) is provided with a first driving member (14) that drives the driving roller (13) to rotate. The driven roller (12) and the driving roller (13) cooperate to clamp and push the magnetic belt to move on the support plate (11).

3. The automatic magnet attaching mechanism for a box body according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the driven roller (12) and the driving roller (13) are rubber-coated rollers with a flexible rubber layer on their outer surface.

4. The automatic magnet mounting mechanism for a box body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (2) also includes a correction component (15). The correction component (15) is placed on the frame (1) and is configured to cooperate with the support plate (11). The correction component (15) includes a first base (16), a clamping component, and a second driving component (18). The first base (16) is placed on the frame (1). The clamping component is slidably connected to the first base (16). There are two sets of clamping components. The two sets of clamping components are located on both sides of the support plate (11). The second driving component (18) drives the two sets of clamping components to clamp and abut the workpiece magnets on the support plate (11), so that the workpiece magnets are arranged neatly.

5. The automatic magnet mounting mechanism for a box body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic attaching robot (21) includes a second base (22), a pick-up component (23), and a first pusher component (24). The pick-up component (23) is fixedly connected to the second base (22), and the first pusher component (24) is slidably connected to the pick-up component (23). The pick-up component (23) picks up the workpiece magnet on the sorting platform (8) and places it on the outer box. The pick-up component (23) slides relative to the first pusher component (24), and the first pusher component (24) abuts against the workpiece magnet, causing the workpiece magnet to separate from the pick-up component (23).

6. The automatic magnet mounting mechanism for a box body according to claim 5, characterized in that: The magnetizing mechanism (3) also includes a first slide rail (4) on both sides of the frame (1), a first slider (19) slidably connected to the first slide rail (4), and a second slider (20) slidably connected to the first slider (19). The second slider (20) is equipped with a magnetizing robot (21) for picking up workpiece magnets.

7. The automatic magnet mounting mechanism for a box body according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second slider (20) is equipped with multiple sets of buffers (25). The buffers (25) reduce the impact and vibration of the magnetic grouting robot (21) on the external sorting platform (8). The piston rod of the buffer (25) is set lower than that of the magnetic grouting robot (21).

8. The automatic magnet mounting mechanism for a box body according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first pusher (24) has a U-shaped structure. The open end of the U-shaped structure abuts against the workpiece magnet, causing the workpiece magnet to separate from the pickup (23). The open end of the U-shaped structure has two contact points with the workpiece magnet, and the contact points are located on both sides of the pickup (23).

Citation Information

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