A small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and attack UAV OTFEA kill chain topology structure and model construction

Abstract

This invention relates to an OTFEA (Observe, Track, Fix, Engage, Assess) kill chain topology and model construction for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs. Based on the characteristics of these UAVs, an OTFEA kill chain model is proposed to achieve rapid target reconnaissance, information sharing, target confirmation, and target engagement against both stationary and moving ground targets. Using the operational command system topology of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs, a complete kill chain model and operational process are proposed, which is a powerful supplement and extension to existing kill chain models, forming a new kill chain mode specifically for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs. This invention significantly reduces the operator's workload and has wide applicability, allowing for widespread application across different UAV systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the combat category of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs, and relates to an OTFEA kill chain topological structure and model construction of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs. Background Art

[0002] The kill chain model for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike drones to strike targets is mainly based on the OODA cycle (Observe, Orient, Decide, Act) proposed by Boyd in the United States in 1987, which is expanded for different combat applications and a kill chain model is established. For example, the "Find, Fix, Track, Engage" kill chain model proposed by the US Air Force for manned fighter operations has gradually evolved into the "Find, Fix, Track, Target, Engage, Assess" (F2T2EA) kill chain model and the "Anticipate, Find, Fix, Track, Target, Engage, Assess" (AF2T2EA) kill chain model. Most of the above methods are aimed at manned aircraft systems. Several regional conflicts in recent years have proved that small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike drones (with a total weight of less than 600kg) have attracted more and more attention due to their advantages of "low cost" and "high cost-effectiveness". However, the disadvantages of "short reconnaissance distance, short missile range, and slow flight speed" make it difficult to adapt to common kill chain models. This requires a new kill chain modeling method that is simple, fast, and has short intermediate link reaction delay to meet its needs. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical issues to be solved

[0004] In order to avoid the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes an OTFEA kill chain topology structure and model construction for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs. According to the characteristics of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs, an OTFEA (Observe, Track, Fix, Engage and Assess) kill chain model is proposed to achieve the effect of rapid target reconnaissance, information sharing, target confirmation and target strike against ground stationary targets and mobile targets.

[0005] Technical Solution

[0006] A small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAV OTFEA kill chain topology structure, characterized by comprising a UAV, multiple ground teams, a ground station and a remote command center; the UAV is bidirectionally connected to multiple ground teams through an information chain, bidirectionally connected to the ground station through an information chain and a measurement and control chain, and unidirectionally connected to the remote command center through a command chain; the remote command center is bidirectionally connected to the ground station through the command chain;

[0007] The UAV conducts aerial reconnaissance, transmits the target information obtained through the measurement and control chain to the ground station, distributes it to the ground combat unit in real time through the information chain, and transmits it to the rear command center in real time through the command chain; after receiving the attack command sent through the measurement and control chain of the ground station, the UAV uses the onboard weapons to attack the target;

[0008] The ground station obtains various information of the UAV and various information and requests sent by the ground combat team through the measurement and control chain and the information chain, and sends a target attack request to the rear command post through the command chain. After receiving the attack command fed back by the rear command post using the command chain, the ground station sends the attack command to the UAV through the measurement and control chain. When there is no rear command post, the ground station independently issues the attack command as the command center;

[0009] The ground team obtains the real-time reconnaissance information of the drone distributed by the drone through the information link, and shares the information with the ground station through the information link and sends an attack request to the ground station;

[0010] The remote command center obtains the real-time reconnaissance information of the UAV and the request sent by the ground station through the command chain, and sends an attack command to the ground station.

[0011] The UAV is equipped with optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment and airborne weapons.

[0012] An OTFEA kill chain model for a small to medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and attack drone using the topological structure is constructed, characterized by the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Network and establish links according to the system network topology: The drone is bidirectionally connected to multiple ground teams through the information link, bidirectionally connected to the ground station through the information link and the measurement and control link, and unidirectionally connected to the remote command center through the command chain; the remote command center is bidirectionally connected to the ground station through the command chain;

[0014] Construct the UAV information system distribution subnet, UAV command subnet, and UAV control subnet, and keep the internal information chain, command chain, and measurement and control chain data communication unimpeded;

[0015] Step 2: The ground station controls the drone to fly to the reconnaissance area through the measurement and control chain. After discovering a suspected target, the drone identifies the suspected target, reports the identified target to the ground station through the information chain and to the command center through the command chain, and distributes it to the ground combat unit through the information chain;

[0016] Step 3: Target tracking construction:

[0017] Tracking target confirmation: After the command center confirms the target, it sends the drone through the command chain via the ground station;

[0018] If an invalid target is confirmed, the drone abandons the target and continues reconnaissance;

[0019] If a valid target is confirmed, the drone will capture and continuously track the target; measure the distance and location of the target and its movement trajectory;

[0020] Step 4: The drone maintains stable tracking and prepares for combat:

[0021] The airborne weapon system receives the power-on command, the attitude, heading, position, altitude and speed information of the UAV, so that the airborne weapon can complete the transmission and alignment of the navigation equipment;

[0022] After the weapon system is ready, the drone attack route is generated based on the drone's current altitude, the closest point between the tracking trajectory and the target, the target position, and the target movement direction information, and the target attack process is entered;

[0023] Step 5: After receiving the attack command, the drone constructs the target attack:

[0024] The airborne weapon system continuously receives information about the drone's attitude, position, and target distance. Based on this information and pre-set missile firing table information, it determines in real time whether the airborne missile is ready for launch. If necessary, the drone can adjust its own altitude and attack direction to ensure that the missile launch conditions are met.

[0025] When the conditions for launching the airborne missile are met, the ground station controls the UAV to launch the missile at the target. When the missile is successfully launched, the irradiation start delay time is sent to the UAV.

[0026] After receiving the delay time, the UAV enters the illumination preparation state, and sends an illumination instruction to the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment at the specified laser illumination start time, starts the laser illumination device to illuminate the target, and guides the missile to hit the target;

[0027] Step 6: Damage assessment construction: After the missile explodes, the UAV uses optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment to continuously track the target and obtain reconnaissance images; the ground station assesses the degree of damage to the target based on the reconnaissance images. If the target has not completely lost its combat effectiveness and needs to be struck again, it returns to step 3; otherwise, the UAV returns to complete the entire attack combat process.

[0028] The UAV captures and continuously tracks the target by using image freezing, target feature extraction, and target feature matching methods to identify the target type of the suspected target, and uses motion compensation to reduce tracking oscillation for the moving target, and completes the tracking target according to the target type.

[0029] The target type includes a fixed target or a moving target.

[0030] The distance measurement and positioning of the target is to use the photoelectric reconnaissance equipment to position and measure the distance of the target, and to estimate the motion vector of the moving target to calculate its motion direction and trajectory.

[0031] The control authority for confirming the valid target is the command center or the ground station.

[0032] An unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted electronic device, characterized in that it comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is used to implement the steps of constructing the data migration method by using an OTFEA kill chain model for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike unmanned aerial vehicles when executing a computer program stored in the memory.

[0033] A readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored on the readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of constructing the data migration method based on the OTFEA kill chain model of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike drones are implemented.

[0034] Beneficial Effects

[0035] The present invention proposes an OTFEA kill chain topology structure and model construction for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs. According to the characteristics of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs, an OTFEA (Observe, Track, Fix, Engage and Assess) kill chain model is proposed to achieve the effects of rapid target reconnaissance, information sharing, target confirmation and target strike against ground stationary targets and mobile targets.

[0036] The present invention has the following three advantages:

[0037] 1. The invention determines the topological structure of the combat command system of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs, and forms an intelligence, command, control, and strike system architecture for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs;

[0038] 2. This invention proposes a complete kill chain model and combat process for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs, which is a powerful supplement and expansion of the existing kill chain model, forming a new kill chain mode and combat method for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike UAVs;

[0039] 3. The strategy of the present invention is simple to implement, and the operational process is completed automatically, which significantly reduces the pressure on the operator. It has a wide range of applications and can be promoted and applied in different UAV systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 : Framework diagram of the combat command system of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike drones

[0041] Figure 2 : Topological structure of combat network for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike drones

[0042] Figure 3 :OTTEA kill chain model diagram for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike drone operations DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings:

[0044] Here are the steps:

[0045] Step 1: Target Reconnaissance (O) Construction

[0046] Step 1.1: Establish a combat information distribution and command system: Target reconnaissance (O). A certain type of small and medium-sized reconnaissance and strike UAV is equipped with optical-optical-optical reconnaissance equipment and airborne missiles to perform combat missions, and a two-level command system for the ground station and the rear command post is established for the UAV. The UAV is equipped with information distribution equipment to establish an information chain to realize the information distribution of the UAV to the ground combat unit, and at the same time realize the information communication between the ground station and the ground combat unit; the UAV is equipped with a small phased array radar to establish a command chain to realize the information distribution of the UAV to the rear command center, and at the same time realize the information communication between the ground station and the rear command center; the ground station controls the UAV through the measurement and control chain and receives the real-time information of the UAV; a two-level command system for the ground station and the rear command post to the UAV is established.

[0047] The combat command system of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike drones includes two levels of command: the rear command post and the drone system. Figure 1 shown.

[0048] When under the command of the UAV system, the UAV transmits the reconnaissance information to the ground station through the measurement and control chain. At the same time, the UAV distributes the reconnaissance information to the ground nodes through the information link. The ground nodes derive their respective attack target requests based on the distributed reconnaissance information and send them to the ground station through the information link. The ground station commander summarizes the reconnaissance information obtained by the ground station and the attack requests of each node, determines the attack target and issues an attack order to the UAV.

[0049] Under the command of the rear command post, the UAV will transmit the reconnaissance information to the ground station through the measurement and control chain. The UAV will distribute the reconnaissance information to the ground node through the information chain. At the same time, the UAV will transmit the reconnaissance information to the rear command post through the command chain; the rear command post will issue attack instructions to the UAV through the command chain via the ground station.

[0050] Step 1.2: Establish system combat network topology and task allocation

[0051] The combat of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike drone systems is mainly based on information chain, command chain, and measurement and control chain. The network topology structures such as drone information distribution subnet, drone command subnet, and drone control subnet are established. Among them, each node is divided into drone node, ground station node, ground combat unit node, and remote command center node. The system topology is as follows: Figure 2 The tasks of each node are as follows:

[0052] UAV node: The UAV is equipped with optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment for forward reconnaissance. After discovering the target, it obtains the target image and position information through target tracking, target positioning, target speed measurement and other means. After the target information is obtained, it is transmitted to the ground station through the measurement and control chain, and distributed to the ground combat team in real time through the information chain, and transmitted to the rear command center in real time through the command chain; after receiving the attack command sent through the ground station measurement and control chain, the UAV uses the onboard weapons to attack the target.

[0053] Ground station node: obtains various information of UAVs and various information and requests sent by ground combat teams through the measurement and control chain and information chain, and sends target attack requests to the rear command post through the command chain. After receiving the attack command fed back by the rear command post using the command chain, it sends the attack command to the UAV through the measurement and control chain. When there is no rear command post, the ground station acts as a command center to independently issue attack commands.

[0054] Ground combat team node: obtains real-time drone reconnaissance information distributed by drones through the information link, shares information with the ground station through the information link, and sends attack requests to the ground station.

[0055] Remote command center node: obtains real-time reconnaissance information from drones and requests from ground stations through the command chain, and sends attack commands to the ground stations.

[0056] Step 1.3: Network and link establishment

[0057] According to the system network topology structure, build the UAV information system distribution subnet, UAV command subnet, UAV control subnet, etc., and keep the internal information chain, command chain, and measurement and control chain data communication unobstructed.

[0058] Step 1.4: Target information reconnaissance

[0059] Target information reconnaissance is mainly carried out by UAVs. First, the reconnaissance range is obtained, and then the ground station controls the UAV to fly to the reconnaissance area. The UAV conducts general and detailed reconnaissance. After discovering a suspected target, the UAV conducts focused and detailed reconnaissance on the suspected target and identifies the target. The identified target is reported to the ground station and command center and distributed to the ground combat unit.

[0060] Step 2: Target Tracking (T) Construction: Target Tracking (T). The UAV transmits the reconnaissance information to the ground node, ground station and rear command center for confirmation. If the target is confirmed to be correct, the target is tracked and positioning operations are performed, and the generated target information is reported to the command post. At this time, the UAV powers on the missile, binds the target information and generates an attack route to prepare for the attack.

[0061] Step 2.1: Tracking target confirmation

[0062] If the reported target is confirmed by the command post as an invalid target, return to step 1.4 to continue intelligence reconnaissance. If the reported target is confirmed by the command post as a valid suspected target, execute step 2.2.

[0063] Step 2.2: Capture and continuously track the target

[0064] The suspected target is accurately identified by using methods of image freezing, target feature extraction, and target feature matching, and motion compensation is used to reduce tracking oscillation for moving targets, so as to accurately track the target. At the same time, according to the identified target type (fixed target, moving target), the UAV is automatically controlled to select different tracking trajectories to track the target, so that the target is always within the field of view of the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment, and the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment can continuously track the target under various field of view conditions.

[0065] Step 2.3: Distance measurement and location of the target

[0066] Optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment is used to locate and measure the distance of the target, and the motion vector of the moving target is estimated to calculate its movement direction and trajectory.

[0067] Step 2.4: Drone Combat Preparation

[0068] A power-on command is sent to the airborne weapon system, and at the same time, information such as the attitude, heading, position, altitude and speed of the UAV is sent to it, so that the airborne weapon can complete the transfer and alignment of the navigation equipment. At this time, the UAV maintains stable tracking.

[0069] Step 2.5: Drone attack route generation

[0070] After the weapon system is prepared, the drone attack route is automatically generated based on information such as the drone's current altitude, the tracking trajectory and the closest point to the target, the target position and the target's movement direction. At this time, the drone maintains a fixed altitude and stable tracking, ready to enter the target attack process at any time.

[0071] Step 3: Target Confirmation (F) Construction: Target Confirmation (F). The command center collects the attack requests from the ground nodes and ground stations, and after confirmation, issues the attack command for the drone to prepare for the attack.

[0072] The UAV transmits the reconnaissance information of suspected targets to the ground station through the measurement and control chain, forwards it to the rear command center through the command chain, and distributes it to the ground combat units through the information chain. The ground station collects feedback from the ground combat units through the information chain, and issues attack orders to the UAV after comprehensive evaluation. If the control is in the command center, the ground station will forward the collected information to the command center through the command chain, and then issue attack orders to the UAV according to the command of the command center. At the same time, the ground station issues a prepare to launch order to the airborne weapon system.

[0073] Step 4: Target Attack (E) Construction: Target Strike (E). The drone enters the attack route, chooses an opportunity to launch a missile to attack the target, and sends the irradiation delay time to the drone. After receiving the delay time, the drone automatically starts the delay timing, and automatically turns on the laser irradiation function after reaching the specified time to implement target laser guidance for the missile.

[0074] Step 4.1: Attack position adjustment

[0075] After receiving the attack command, the UAV automatically enters the attack route. The UAV continuously transmits information such as the UAV's attitude, position, and target distance to the airborne weapon system. The airborne weapon system determines in real time whether the airborne missile has the conditions for launch based on this information and pre-bound missile firing table information. If necessary, the UAV can adjust its own altitude and attack direction to ensure that the conditions for missile launch are met.

[0076] Step 4.2: Target Strike

[0077] After the conditions for launching the airborne missile are met, the ground station controls the UAV to launch a missile at the target. When the missile is successfully launched, the UAV is sent an illumination start delay time. After receiving the delay time, the UAV enters the illumination preparation state and sends an illumination command to the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment at the specified laser illumination time point, starting the laser illumination device to illuminate the target and guide the missile to hit the target.

[0078] Step 5: Damage Assessment (A) Construction: Damage Assessment (A). The UAV always keeps stable tracking of the target. After the missile hits the target, the UAV uses optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment to conduct damage assessment on the target.

[0079] After the missile explodes, the drone uses optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment to continuously track the target and obtain reconnaissance images. The ground station evaluates the damage level of the target based on the reconnaissance images. If the target has not completely lost its combat effectiveness and needs to be struck again, it returns to step 2. Otherwise, the drone returns to the base, completing the entire attack operation process.

[0080] The above embodiments realize a complete OTTEA kill chain model for small and medium-sized reconnaissance and strike drones to strike targets.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an OTFEA kill chain model for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and attack drones, characterized in that: The model is constructed based on the OTFEA kill chain topology structure of small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and strike drones; The topological structure includes a UAV, multiple ground teams, a ground station and a remote command center; the UAV is equipped with information distribution equipment to establish an information chain, the UAV is equipped with a small phased array radar to establish a command chain, multiple ground teams are bidirectionally connected through the information chain, the ground station is bidirectionally connected through the information chain and the measurement and control chain, and the remote command center is unidirectionally connected through the command chain; the remote command center is bidirectionally connected to the ground station through the command chain; the UAV is equipped with optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment and airborne weapons; The UAV conducts aerial reconnaissance, transmits the target information obtained through the measurement and control chain to the ground station, distributes it to the ground combat unit in real time through the information chain, and transmits it to the rear command center in real time through the command chain; after receiving the attack command sent through the measurement and control chain of the ground station, the UAV uses the onboard weapons to attack the target; The ground station obtains various information of the UAV and various information and requests sent by the ground combat team through the measurement and control chain and the information chain, and sends a target attack request to the rear command post through the command chain. After receiving the attack command fed back by the rear command post using the command chain, the ground station sends the attack command to the UAV through the measurement and control chain. When there is no rear command post, the ground station independently issues the attack command as the command center; The ground team obtains the real-time reconnaissance information of the drone distributed by the drone through the information link, and shares the information with the ground station through the information link and sends an attack request to the ground station; The remote command center obtains the real-time reconnaissance information of the UAV and the request sent by the ground station through the command chain, and sends an attack command to the ground station; The steps of model construction are as follows: Step 1: Network and establish links according to the system network topology: The drone is bidirectionally connected to multiple ground teams through the information link, bidirectionally connected to the ground station through the information link and the measurement and control link, and unidirectionally connected to the remote command center through the command chain; the remote command center is bidirectionally connected to the ground station through the command chain; Construct the UAV information system distribution subnet, UAV command subnet, and UAV control subnet, and keep the internal information chain, command chain, and measurement and control chain data communication unimpeded; Step 2: The ground station controls the drone to fly to the reconnaissance area through the measurement and control chain. After discovering a suspected target, the drone identifies the suspected target, reports the identified target to the ground station through the information chain and to the command center through the command chain, and distributes it to the ground combat unit through the information chain; Step 3: Target tracking construction: Tracking target confirmation: After the command center confirms the target, it sends the drone through the command chain via the ground station; If it is confirmed to be an invalid target, the drone abandons the invalid target and conducts reconnaissance again; If it is confirmed as a valid target, the UAV will capture and continuously track the valid target; Measure the distance and position of the target and calculate the motion trajectory; Step 4: The drone maintains stable tracking and prepares for combat: The airborne weapon system receives power-on commands, the attitude, heading, position, altitude and speed information of the UAV, so that the airborne weapon can complete the transmission and alignment of the navigation equipment; After the weapon system is ready, the drone attack route is generated based on the drone's current altitude, target position, and target movement direction information, and the target attack process is entered; Step 5: After receiving the attack command, the drone constructs the target attack: The airborne weapon system continuously receives information about the attitude, position and target distance of the drone, and determines in real time whether the airborne missile has the launch conditions based on the attitude, position and target distance information of the drone and the pre-set missile firing table information. If the launch conditions are not met, the drone adjusts its own altitude and attack direction to meet the missile launch conditions. When the conditions for launching the airborne missile are met, the ground station controls the UAV to launch the missile at the target. When the missile is successfully launched, the irradiation start delay time is sent to the UAV. After receiving the delay time, the UAV enters the illumination preparation state, and sends an illumination instruction to the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment at the specified laser illumination start time, starts the laser illumination device to illuminate the target, and guides the missile to hit the target; Step 6: Damage assessment construction: After the missile explodes, the UAV uses optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment to continuously track the target and obtain reconnaissance images; the ground station assesses the degree of damage to the target based on the reconnaissance images. If the target has not completely lost its combat effectiveness and needs to be struck again, it returns to step 3; otherwise, the UAV returns to complete the entire attack combat process.

2. The method for constructing an OTFEA kill chain model for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and attack drones according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The UAV captures and continuously tracks the target by using image freezing, target feature extraction, and target feature matching methods to identify the target type of the suspected target, and uses motion compensation to reduce tracking oscillation for the moving target, and completes the tracking target according to the target type.

3. The method for constructing an OTFEA kill chain model for small and medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and attack drones according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The target type includes a fixed target or a moving target.

4. The method for constructing an OTFEA kill chain model for a small to medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and attack drone according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distance measurement and positioning of the target is to use the photoelectric reconnaissance equipment to position and measure the distance of the target, and to estimate the motion vector of the moving target to calculate its motion direction and trajectory.

5. The method for constructing an OTFEA kill chain model for a small to medium-sized tactical reconnaissance and attack drone according to claim 1 is characterized by: Confirm that the control of the valid target is the command center or ground station.

6. An unmanned aerial vehicle electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing a computer program stored in the memory.

7. A readable storage medium, characterized in that: The readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

Images