A method for integrated management of the endangered plant garlic fruit and medicinal plants.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants. The method involves calculating the N / P ratio of the leaves of the *Gnaphalium affine* to be planted and the total nitrogen value of the soil. When the N / P ratio is ≤16 and the total nitrogen value is <5 g / kg, organic fertilizer is applied to the soil; when the N / P ratio is >16 and the total nitrogen value is >5 g / kg, phosphorus fertilizer is applied to the soil. *Spatholobus suberectus* seedlings or *Cassia tora* seedlings are treated with a 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution before being transplanted near the *Gnaphalium affine* seedlings. Field management is then carried out, and the *Spatholobus suberectus* vines are harvested in the third year, or the *Cassia tora* seeds are harvested annually. This method addresses the problems of N / P imbalance and seedling stunting in *Gnaphalium affine* by targeting the N / P ratio of the seedling leaves and the total nitrogen value of the soil with phosphorus or nitrogen fertilizer, thus improving the survival rate of *Gnaphalium affine* seedlings. By selecting *Spatholobus suberectus* and *Cassia tora* as the integrated management targets for *Gnaphalium affine*, this method overcomes the difficulty of low economic benefits in integrated management of *Gnaphalium affine*, thereby increasing the economic returns for growers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, specifically to a method for the integrated management of the endangered plant garlic fruit and medicinal plants. Background Technology

[0002] When garlic bulbs are planted alone, as the plant ages, the seedlings experience reduced root growth and yellowing leaves, eventually leading to loss of vitality. Planting garlic bulb seedlings alongside other plants promotes the formation of haustoria (vacuum organs) in the roots, thus increasing the seedlings' survival rate.

[0003] Currently, existing methods of integrated cultivation of garlic cloves include: A research paper on the symbiotic effects of co-cultivated plants on garlic clove seedlings disclosed garlic cloves, spider plants, artemisia, and camellia as research subjects. Garlic clove seedlings with uniform growth were selected and co-cultivated with spider plants, artemisia, and camellia respectively. After nine months of co-cultivation, the growth and development of the co-cultivated plants were observed and recorded. The biomass, haustoria number and morphology of the garlic cloves were measured, and physiological indicators of the garlic cloves were determined. Co-cultivation promotes the formation of haustoria in the garlic clove root system. The garlic cloves use the haustoria to obtain nutrients from the roots of the co-cultivated plants. The experimental results showed that during the growth and development of garlic cloves, co-cultivation with camellia had the most significant effect on promoting the accumulation of garlic clove biomass, while co-cultivation with artemisia and spider plants had no significant promoting effect on its growth and development. This conclusion indicates that the selection of co-cultivated plants affects the growth and development of garlic cloves. Co-planting garlic cloves and camellia oleifera promotes the formation of haustoria in the roots of garlic cloves, helping them survive the seedling stage. However, seed-grown garlic cloves require high environmental conditions and take a long time to germinate, resulting in problems such as long growing time, high input costs, and slow yield. Furthermore, both garlic cloves and camellia oleifera are trees, so in order to promote the formation of haustoria in garlic clove seedlings, they should be planted close together. Once both trees reach a certain age, the camellia oleifera needs to be transplanted or cut down to ensure the normal growth and development of garlic cloves.

[0004] After long-term research on the growth stages of garlic cloves, the inventors found that the mortality rate of garlic cloves is highest in the seedling stage. There are two main reasons for this: First, the root system is unable to form parasitic haustoria independently, and the root vitality decreases as the independent growth time increases; Second, environmental stress or the reduction in the vitality of the root system itself causes a serious imbalance of N / P in garlic cloves, leading to the decline in the growth of garlic clove seedlings and even death.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for the integrated management of endangered plant garlic fruit and medicinal plants, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of slow income growth from co-cultivation and the single function of co-cultivated plants, and to solve problems such as fertilizer overuse and fertilizer deficiency causing N and P nutrient imbalance in plants.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Randomly sample some leaves of the garlic seedlings to be planted, detect the N and P concentrations in the leaves, and calculate the N / P ratio;

[0009] Step 2: Till the soil and build ridges. The ridges are earthen mounds 1.2-1.6m wide and 0.3-0.5m high, with a spacing of 0.5-0.8m between ridges. Randomly sample the soil in the ridges to check the total nitrogen value.

[0010] Step 3: When the N / P ratio is ≤15 and the total nitrogen value is <5g / kg, the soil of the ridge is mixed with organic fertilizer at a ratio of 5-8:1; when the N / P ratio is >16 and the total nitrogen value is >5g / kg, the soil of the ridge is mixed with phosphate fertilizer at a ratio of 7-10:1.

[0011] Step 4: Plant the garlic clove seedlings on the ridge, treat the roots of the chicken blood vine seedlings with 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution, transplant them near the garlic clove seedlings, and plant chicken blood vine between the garlic cloves;

[0012] Step 5: Field management. Harvest the stems of the chicken blood vine in the autumn and winter of the third year, while leaving the roots in the soil.

[0013] Based on the aforementioned technical characteristics, one-year-old or two-year-old garlic seedlings are selected as suitable for cultivation. Firstly, they have not yet formed haustoria; secondly, these seedlings, lacking haustoria, exhibit higher root growth activity and well-developed lateral roots, resulting in vigorous root growth and better adaptability to changes in the external environment, thus improving the transplant survival rate of garlic seedlings. By selecting *Spatholobus suberectus* (chicken blood vine) as a plant for intercropping with garlic seedlings, two advantages are achieved: firstly, *Spatholobus suberectus*, being a legume, utilizes root nodules to absorb and fix nitrogen, addressing early nitrogen deficiency and N / P imbalance in garlic seedlings, promoting vegetative growth, and increasing seedling survival rate; secondly, after three years of planting, the roots and stems of *Spatholobus suberectus* are harvested for medicinal use, helping garlic seedlings through the seedling stage while increasing profits.

[0014] Preferably, in the above technical solution, in step 3, the specific composting method of the organic fertilizer is as follows: rice straw and soybean residue are mixed and chopped with a straw cutter, then mixed evenly with sheep manure, soybean meal, soil and decomposing bacteria, and then put into a composting device with a small amount of vinegar and water added and sealed in a light-proof place.

[0015] The above technical solution uses rice straw, soybean residues, sheep manure, soybean meal, and soil as composting materials. The rice straw, soybean residues, soybean meal, and sheep manure are rich in nitrogen and carbon sources. Adding *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* secretes cellulase to hydrolyze non-crystalline cellulose, which acts on β-glucosidic bonds to release reducing sugars and produce nitrogen. It also releases lignin located between cellulose fibers, allowing *Phanerochaete chrysospora* to secrete extracellular lignin peroxidase to degrade lignin into quinones, phenols, and aliphatic compounds. Lignin and its degradation products are the main precursors for humic acid formation. Soil contains various decomposing microorganisms; adding soil to the composting materials improves composting efficiency and quality. Soil also contains abundant capillaries, providing moisture retention in the early stages of composting and liquid adsorption in the later stages.

[0016] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the decomposing bacteria include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Protozoa chrysophagus.

[0017] Preferably, in the above technical solution, in step 4, the concentration of the 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution is 0.1-1 μmol / L, and the treatment time is 60-90 min.

[0018] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the specific steps of field management in step 5 include the following:

[0019] Shading management: Use 3-4 needle shade netting to shade the newly transplanted garlic seedlings and chicken blood vine seedlings;

[0020] Water and fertilizer management: During the first 1-3 months after transplanting, water 1-2 times per week, adding 1-5 μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water. Every spring, after weeding, sample and test the N and P concentrations of the garlic berries and calculate the N / P ratio. If the N / P ratio is ≤15, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of organic fertilizer around the base of the *Spatholobus suberectus*. If the N / P ratio is >16, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5-13 mg of riboflavin around the base of the *Spatholobus suberectus*.

[0021] Through the above technical solutions and multiple experiments, it has been proven that the treatment time and concentration of 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution have a significant impact on the formation of haustoria in garlic berries. Treating the roots of *Spatholobus suberectus* with 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution, followed by irrigation with water containing 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution after intercropping, promotes the formation of more haustoria between the garlic berries and the intercropped plants, enabling the garlic berries to absorb nutrients through these haustoria. By regularly monitoring and calculating the N / P ratio in the leaves of garlic berry seedlings, targeted application of organic fertilizer to supplement nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer to supplement phosphorus addresses the N / P imbalance and seedling growth stagnation issues in garlic berries. Adding a certain amount of riboflavin when applying phosphorus fertilizer further promotes root absorption of phosphorus.

[0022] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants, the method comprising the following steps:

[0023] (1) Randomly sample some leaves of garlic seedlings to be planted, detect the N and P concentrations in the leaves, and calculate N / P;

[0024] (2) Till the soil and build ridges. The ridges are earthen ridges with a width of 1.2-1.6m and a height of 0.3-0.5m, and the spacing between the ridges is 0.5-0.8m. Randomly sample the soil of the ridges to check the total nitrogen value.

[0025] (3) When the N / P ≤ 15 and the total nitrogen value < 5 g / kg, the soil of the ridge is mixed with organic fertilizer at a ratio of 5-8:1; when the N / P > 16 and the total nitrogen value > 5 g / kg, the soil of the ridge is mixed with phosphate fertilizer at a ratio of 7-10:1.

[0026] (4) The garlic seedlings are planted on the ridge. The roots of the cassia seedlings are treated with 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution and then transplanted to the vicinity of the garlic seedlings. Cassia seedlings are intercropped among the garlic seedlings.

[0027] (5) Field management: Cassia seeds are harvested every autumn.

[0028] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the specific composting method of the organic fertilizer in step (3) is as follows: after the rice straw and soybean residue are chopped together with a straw cutter, they are mixed evenly with sheep manure, soybean meal, soil and decomposing bacteria, and then put into the composting device, a small amount of vinegar and water are added, and then it is sealed in a light-proof place.

[0029] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the decomposing bacteria include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Protozoa chrysophagus.

[0030] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the concentration of the 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution in step (4) is 0.1-1 μmol / L, and the treatment time is 35-50 min.

[0031] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the specific steps of field management in step (5) include the following:

[0032] Shading management: Use 2-3 needle shade netting to shade the newly transplanted garlic seedlings and cassia seeds;

[0033] Water and fertilizer management: During the first 1-3 months after transplanting, water 1-2 times per week, adding 1-5 μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water. Every spring, after weeding, sample and test the N and P concentrations of the garlic berries and calculate the N / P ratio. If the N / P ratio is ≤15, apply 0.5-0.9 kg of organic fertilizer around the base of the *Spatholobus suberectus*. If the N / P ratio is >16, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5-13 mg of riboflavin around the base of the *Spatholobus suberectus*.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The principle behind the combined operation of garlic fruit and medicinal plants in this invention, which can achieve greater economic benefits, is as follows: (1) The medicinal plants selected are those whose medicinal parts are vines or kernels, so that the garlic fruit haustoria are not damaged during harvesting; the medicinal plants with root nodules are selected to promote the absorption of nitrogen by the garlic fruit haustoria; the medicinal plants have a short growth period, so the garlic fruit has successfully passed the seedling stage when they are harvested. (2) Before transplanting, the N / P ratio of the leaves and the total nitrogen value of the ridges in the garlic fruit seedlings to be planted are calculated, and fertilizer is applied in a targeted manner according to the N / P and total nitrogen values ​​to provide the garlic fruit seedlings with the nitrogen or phosphorus elements required for growth. During the planting process, the N / P ratio is calculated to reduce the overuse of fertilizers, and organic fertilizers or phosphate fertilizers are applied in a timely manner to improve the growth status of the combined operation plants in the seedling stage. (3) When composting organic fertilizer, add Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Proteobacterium chrysosporium to create an acidic environment to provide the pH value for the microorganisms to live in, promote the decomposition of cellulose and lignin in the compost raw materials, and convert them into humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer, providing nitrogen elements for garlic fruit, chicken blood vine, and cassia seed, promoting the accumulation of nitrogen elements in garlic fruit and accumulating biomass. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0037] Step 1: Randomly select 10 seedlings from the one-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted, take 10g of leaves from each seedling and dry them in a 75℃ oven for 24h. Take 5g of each leaf for the micro Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method to calculate the nitrogen concentration, and take another 5g for the vanadium molybdenum yellow spectrophotometric method to calculate the phosphorus concentration. Use the obtained nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations to calculate the N / P ratio. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1 shows the N, P concentrations, and N / P ratios of sampled one-year-old garlic seedlings.

[0039] Serial Number N concentration P concentration N / P Serial Number N concentration P concentration N / P 1 18.69 1.28 14.60 6 18.74 1.31 14.31 2 18.73 1.27 14.75 7 18.93 1.38 13.72 3 19.19 1.48 12.97 8 18.86 1.35 13.97 4 18.82 1.42 13.30 9 19.01 1.40 13.58 5 19.07 1.42 13.43 10 18.92 1.37 13.81

[0040] As shown in Table 1 above, most of the sampled one-year-old garlic seedlings had an N / P ratio of less than 14, indicating that the growth of one-year-old garlic seedlings was mainly limited by N. A small number of one-year-old garlic seedlings had an N / P ratio of less than 15 and close to 14, indicating that the growth of one-year-old garlic seedlings may be limited by N.

[0041] Ten plants were randomly selected from two-year-old garlic seedlings. 10g of leaves from each plant were dried in a 75℃ oven for 24 hours. 5g of each leaf was used for the micro-Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method to calculate nitrogen (N) concentration, and another 5g was used for the vanadium molybdenum yellow spectrophotometric method to calculate phosphorus (P) concentration. The N / P ratio was calculated using the obtained N and P concentrations, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0042] Table 2 shows the N, P concentrations, and N / P ratios of two-year-old garlic seedlings.

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] According to the data in Tables 1 and 2, the garlic seedlings grow independently, and the content of N and P elements in the garlic seedlings decreases, with the decrease in P being greater. As can be seen from the data in Table 2, most of the sampled two-year-old garlic seedlings have an N / P ratio greater than 16, indicating that the growth of two-year-old garlic seedlings is mainly limited by P.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants, the method comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 2: Till the soil and build ridges 1.6m wide and 0.5m high, with a spacing of 0.5m between adjacent ridges. Randomly sample the soil from the ridges to check the total nitrogen value, which is 0.2g / kg.

[0049] Step 3: If the one-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted have an N / P ≤ 15 and a total nitrogen value < 5g / kg, then the soil of the ridge and organic fertilizer are mixed evenly at a ratio of 8:1. The specific composting method of the organic fertilizer is as follows: rice straw and soybean residue are chopped together with a straw chopper, then mixed evenly with sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Proteobacterium chrysosporium, and then put into a composting device with a small amount of vinegar and water, and then sealed in a dark place.

[0050] Step 4: Plant 10 of the to-be-planted annual Malania oleifera seedlings at a spacing of 2 m on the ridges. Treat the roots of Millettia reticulata seedlings with 0.1 μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution for 90 min, and transplant them to a position 35 cm away from the Malania oleifera seedlings. Plant Millettia reticulata between the Malania oleifera seedlings with a spacing of 40 cm, and set up a Millettia reticulata trellis;

[0051] Step 5: Use a 3-ply shading net to shade the newly planted Malania oleifera seedlings and Millettia reticulata seedlings; Water and fertilizer management: In the first to third months after planting, water once or twice a week, and add 1 μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water. Every spring, after weeding, randomly select 3 Malania oleifera plants and take 10 g of leaves from each to detect the N concentration and P concentration in the leaves. The N concentrations are 18.09, 18.01, and 17.63 respectively, the P concentrations are 1.14, 1.18, and 1.17 respectively, and the N / P ratios are 15.87, 15.26, and 15.07 respectively. If 15 < N / P ≤ 16, then no fertilization is required. In the autumn and winter of the third year, harvest the vine stems of Millettia reticulata, and keep the roots of Millettia reticulata in the soil.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] A compound management method for the endangered plant Malania oleifera and medicinal plants, the method comprising the following steps:

[0054] Step 2: Plow the soil, build ridges with a width of 1.2 m and a height of 0.3 m, and the spacing between adjacent ridges is 0.8 m. Randomly sample the total nitrogen value of the ridge soil, and the total nitrogen value is 0.3 g / kg;

[0055] Step 3: If the N / P of the to-be-planted annual Malania oleifera seedlings ≤ 15 and the total nitrogen value < 5 g / kg, then mix the soil of the ridge and organic fertilizer evenly at a ratio of 5:1. The specific composting method of the organic fertilizer is as follows: After cutting the mixture of rice straw and soybean residues into sections with a straw cutter, mix it evenly with sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, then put it into a composting device, add a small amount of vinegar and water, and seal it in a shaded place;

[0056] Step 4: Plant 10 of the to-be-planted annual Malania oleifera seedlings at a spacing of 2 m on the ridges. Treat the roots of Millettia reticulata seedlings with 1 μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution for 60 min, and transplant them to a position 30 cm away from the Malania oleifera seedlings. Plant Millettia reticulata between the Malania oleifera seedlings with a spacing of 40 cm, and set up a Millettia reticulata trellis;

[0057] Step 5: Use a 4-needle shade net to shade the newly planted garlic clove seedlings and chicken blood vine seedlings; Water and fertilizer management: During the first 1-3 months after planting, water 1-2 times per week, adding 5μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water. Every spring, after weeding, randomly select 3 garlic clove plants and take 10g of leaves to test the N and P concentrations in the leaves. The N concentrations were 21.06, 21.18, and 21.28, and the P concentrations were 1.29, 1.31, and 1.28, respectively. The N / P ratios were 16.33, 16.17, and 16.63, respectively. When the N / P ratio is >16, apply 0.3kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5mg of riboflavin around the roots of the chicken blood vine, avoiding the roots. Harvest the vine stems of the third year in autumn and winter, leaving the roots in the soil.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] A method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants, the method comprising the following steps:

[0060] Step 2: Till the soil and build ridges 1.4m wide and 0.5m high, with a spacing of 0.7m between adjacent ridges. Randomly sample the soil from the ridges to check the total nitrogen value, which is 6.2g / kg.

[0061] Step 3: If the N / P ratio of the two-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted is >16 and the total nitrogen value is >5g / kg, then the soil of the ridge should be mixed with phosphate fertilizer at a ratio of 7-10:1.

[0062] Step 4: Take 10 two-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted and plant them on the ridge at a spacing of 2m. Treat the roots of the chicken blood vine seedlings with 0.5μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxyp-benzoquinone solution for 78min. Transplant them to 35cm from the garlic seedlings. Plant chicken blood vines between the garlic seedlings at a spacing of 40cm and build a chicken blood vine trellis.

[0063] Step 5: Use a 4-needle shade net to shade the newly planted garlic clove seedlings and chicken blood vine seedlings; Water and fertilizer management: During the first 1-3 months after planting, water 1-2 times per week, adding 1μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water. Every spring, after weeding, randomly select 3 garlic clove plants and take 10g of leaves to test the N and P concentrations in the leaves. The N concentrations were 19.73, 19.81, and 19.86, and the P concentrations were 1.65, 1.63, and 1.57, respectively. The N / P ratios were 11.96, 12.15, and 12.65, respectively. When the N / P ratio is ≤15, apply 0.3-0.5kg of organic fertilizer around the base of the chicken blood vine, avoiding the roots. Harvest the chicken blood vine stems in the autumn and winter of the third year, leaving the roots in the soil.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] A method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants, the method comprising the following steps:

[0066] (2) Till the soil and build ridges 1.6m wide and 0.5m high. The distance between two adjacent ridges is 0.5m. Randomly sample the soil of the ridges and test the total nitrogen value. The total nitrogen value is 0.2g / kg.

[0067] (3) If the N / P of the one-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted is ≤15 and the total nitrogen value is <5g / kg, then the soil of the ridge and the organic fertilizer are mixed evenly at a ratio of 5:1. The specific composting method of the organic fertilizer is as follows: after the rice straw and soybean residue are chopped into sections by a straw chopper, they are mixed evenly with sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Protozoa chrysophagus, and then put into the composting device, add a small amount of vinegar and water, and seal it in a dark place.

[0068] (4) Take 10 one-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted and plant them on the ridge at a plant spacing of 2m. Treat the roots of the cassia seedlings with 0.5μmol / L2,6-dimethoxyp-benzoquinone solution for 60min and transplant them to 35cm from the garlic seedlings. Plant cassia seedlings between the garlic seedlings with a spacing of 40cm between the cassia seeds.

[0069] (5) Use a 3-needle shade net to shade the newly planted garlic seedlings and cassia seeds; water and fertilizer management: water once or twice a week during the first three months after planting, add 2.5 μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water; every spring, after weeding, randomly select 3 garlic seedlings and take 10g of leaves to test the N and P concentrations in the leaves. The N concentrations are 21.16, 21.24, and 21.31, respectively, and the P concentrations are 1.24, 1.25, and 1.18, respectively. The N / P ratios are 17.06, 16.99, and 18.06, respectively. If the N / P ratio is greater than 16, then avoid the roots of the chicken blood vine and apply 0.3-0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5-13 mg of riboflavin around the roots; harvest cassia seeds every autumn.

[0070] Example 5

[0071] A method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants, the method comprising the following steps:

[0072] (2) Till the soil and build ridges 1.2m wide and 0.3m high, with a spacing of 0.8m between adjacent ridges. Randomly sample the soil from the ridges to check the total nitrogen value, which is 0.1g / kg.

[0073] (3) If the N / P of the one-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted is ≤15 and the total nitrogen value is <5g / kg, then the soil of the ridge and the organic fertilizer are mixed evenly at a ratio of 8:1. The specific composting method of the organic fertilizer is as follows: after the rice straw and soybean residue are chopped into sections by a straw chopper, they are mixed evenly with sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Protozoa chrysophagus, and then put into the composting device, add a small amount of vinegar and water, and seal it in a dark place.

[0074] (4) Take 10 one-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted and plant them on the ridge at a plant spacing of 2m. Treat the roots of the cassia seedlings with 0.1μmol / L2,6-dimethoxyp-benzoquinone solution for 90min and transplant them to 30cm from the garlic seedlings. Plant cassia seedlings between the garlic seedlings with a spacing of 40cm between the cassia seeds.

[0075] (5) Use a 2-3 needle shade net to shade the newly planted garlic seedlings and cassia seeds; water and fertilizer management: water once or twice a week during the first 1-3 months after planting, add 5 μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water; every spring, after weeding, randomly select 3 garlic seedlings and take 10g of leaves to test the N and P concentrations in the leaves. The N concentrations were 21.38, 21.39, and 21.41, and the P concentrations were 1.24, 1.23, and 1.32, respectively. The N / P ratios were 17.24, 17.39, and 16.22, respectively. The calculated N / P ratio is >16. Then, avoid the roots of the chicken blood vine and apply 0.3-0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5-13 mg of riboflavin; harvest cassia seeds every autumn.

[0076] Example 6

[0077] A method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants, the method comprising the following steps:

[0078] (2) Till the soil and build ridges 1.4m wide and 0.5m high. The distance between two adjacent ridges is 0.7m. Randomly sample the soil of the ridges and test the total nitrogen value. The total nitrogen value is 6.2g / kg.

[0079] (3) If the N / P ratio of the two-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted is >16 and the total nitrogen value is >5g / kg, then the soil of the ridge and the phosphate fertilizer are mixed evenly at a ratio of 7-10:1.

[0080] (4) Take 10 one-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted and plant them on the ridge at a plant spacing of 2m. Treat the roots of the cassia seedlings with 1μmol / L2,6-dimethoxyp-benzoquinone solution for 70min. Transplant them to 35cm from the garlic seedlings. Plant cassia seedlings between the garlic seedlings with a spacing of 40cm between the cassia seeds.

[0081] (5) Use a 3-needle shade net to shade the newly planted garlic seedlings and cassia seeds; water and fertilizer management: water once or twice a week during the first three months after planting, add 1 μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water; every spring, after weeding, randomly select 3 garlic seedlings and take 10g of leaves to test the N and P concentrations in the leaves. The N concentrations were 19.16, 19.29, and 19.34, respectively, and the P concentrations were 1.56, 1.53, and 1.55, respectively. The N / P ratios were 12.28, 12.61, and 12.48, respectively. Since the N / P ratio is ≤15, apply 0.5-0.9 kg of organic fertilizer around the base of the chicken blood vine. Harvest cassia seeds every autumn.

[0082] Comparative Example 1

[0083] Organic fertilizer was prepared using different methods, and the composting process was tested:

[0084] Organic fertilizer 1: The raw materials for composting organic fertilizer are rice straw, soybean residue, and well-rotted human and animal manure. The specific composting method is as follows: after mixing rice straw and soybean residue and chopping them into sections with a straw cutter, mix them evenly with well-rotted human and animal manure, put them into a composting device, add a small amount of lime water or ammonia water, seal it in a dark place for 30 days.

[0085] Organic Fertilizer 2: The raw materials for composting organic fertilizer are rice straw, soybean residue, sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus subtilis. The specific composting method is as follows: Mix rice straw and soybean residue, cut them into sections with a straw chopper, and then mix them evenly with manure, soybean meal, and well-rotted human and animal manure. After mixing, put them into a composting device, add a small amount of lime water or ammonia water, seal it in a dark place for 30 days.

[0086] Organic Fertilizer 3: The raw materials for composting organic fertilizer are rice straw, soybean residue, sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Bacillus subtilis. The specific composting method is as follows: Mix rice straw and soybean residue, cut them into sections with a straw chopper, and then mix them evenly with manure, soybean meal, and well-rotted human and animal manure. After mixing, put them into a composting device, add a small amount of lime water or ammonia water, seal it in a dark place for 30 days.

[0087] Organic Fertilizer 4: The raw materials for composting organic fertilizer are rice straw, soybean residue, sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The specific composting method is as follows: after mixing rice straw and soybean residue and chopping them into sections with a straw chopper, mix them evenly with sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Then, put the mixture into a composting device, add a small amount of vinegar and water, seal it, and place it in a dark place for 30 days.

[0088] The nutritional components of the above-mentioned homemade organic fertilizer products were tested, as shown in Table 3 below. The humic acid content was determined according to the method for humic acid content determination in NY / T-1971, and the total nitrogen content was determined according to the method for total nitrogen content determination in NY / T-1977.

[0089] Table 3 Nutritional components of homemade organic fertilizer products

[0090] Appearance Humic acid (g / L) Total nitrogen (%) organic matter Organic fertilizer 1 The fiber structure is obvious 25.14 36 54.34 Organic fertilizer 2 Few fiber structures 36.43 42 62.73 Organic fertilizer 3 Less fiber structure 43.67 54 72.39 Organic fertilizer 4 Less fiber structure 53.43 79 87.32

[0091] According to the data in Table 3 above, the different types of decomposing bacteria used result in different effects on the decomposition of organic matter, and there are significant differences in the content of humic acid, total nitrogen, and organic matter obtained. The organic fertilizer made by using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Proteobacterium chrysosporum in this invention is more effective than the organic fertilizer made by other decomposing bacteria.

[0092] Comparative Example 2

[0093] The effects of treatment time and concentration of 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution on the formation of haustoria by garlic fruit and chicken blood vine were investigated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0094] Table 4. Results of linear regression analysis (n=100)

[0095]

[0096] *p<0.05**p<0.01

[0097] The regression coefficient for treatment time was 0.294 (t = 5.888, p = 0.000 < 0.01), indicating that treatment time has a significant positive impact on haustoria formation time. The regression coefficient for concentration was 6.520 (t = 11.211, p = 0.000 < 0.01), indicating that concentration has a significant positive impact on haustoria formation time. This also demonstrates that treatment with 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution on *Spatholobus suberectus* or *Cassia tora* seeds, followed by irrigation with water containing 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution, significantly affects haustoria formation in garlic berries.

[0098] Comparative Example 3

[0099] This method is essentially the same as Example 1, except that the integrated management approach is different. A method for integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and a medicinal plant includes the following steps:

[0100] Step 2: Till the soil and build ridges 1.6m wide and 0.5m high, with a spacing of 0.5m between adjacent ridges;

[0101] Step 3: Take 10 one-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted and plant them on the ridge at a spacing of 2m. Transplant the chicken blood vine seedlings to 35cm from the garlic seedlings. Plant the chicken blood vines between the garlic seedlings at a spacing of 40cm and set up a chicken blood vine trellis.

[0102] Step 4: Use a 3-needle shade net to shade the newly planted garlic clove seedlings and chicken blood vine seedlings; Water and fertilizer management: During the first 1-3 months after planting, water 1-2 times per week, adding 1 μmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water. Weed control should be carried out annually. In the autumn and winter of the third year, harvest the chicken blood vine stems, leaving the roots in the soil. In the spring of the third year, after weeding, randomly select 3 garlic clove plants and take 10g of leaves to test the N and P concentrations in the leaves. The N concentrations were 18.81, 18.73, and 18.79, respectively, and the P concentrations were 0.84, 0.89, and 0.74, respectively. The N / P ratios were 22.39, 21.20, and 23.78, respectively.

[0103] Before transplanting, the N / P ratio of the garlic seedling leaves and the total nitrogen value of the soil were not calculated, and organic fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer was applied in a targeted manner. Because the nitrogen-fixing effect of chicken blood vine provides a certain amount of nitrogen to the garlic seedlings, the N concentration in the garlic leaves did not change significantly, but the P concentration decreased significantly, resulting in an N / P imbalance.

[0104] Comparative Example 4

[0105] This method is basically the same as Example 5, except that the organic fertilizer used is organic fertilizer 2 from Comparative Example 1. A method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants includes the following steps:

[0106] (2) Till the soil, build ridges, build ridges 1.6m wide and 0.5m high, with a distance of 0.5m between adjacent ridges, and randomly sample the soil of the ridges to check the total nitrogen value, which is 0.1g / kg.

[0107] (3) The one-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted have N / P≤15 and total nitrogen value<5g / kg. The soil of the ridge is mixed with organic fertilizer 2 at a ratio of 8:1. The specific composting method of organic fertilizer 2 is as follows: rice straw and soybean residue are mixed and chopped with a straw cutter, then mixed evenly with manure, soybean meal and well-rotted human and animal manure, and then put into the composting device, add a small amount of lime water or ammonia water, and seal it in a shaded place for 30 days.

[0108] (4) Take 10 one-year-old garlic seedlings to be planted and plant them on the ridge at a spacing of 2m. Transplant the cassia seeds to 30cm away from the garlic seedlings. Plant the cassia seedlings between the garlic fruits, with a spacing of 40cm between the cassia seeds.

[0109] (5) Water and fertilizer management: Use a 3-needle shade net to shade the newly planted garlic seedlings and cassia seedlings; water and fertilizer management: water once or twice a week from the first to the third month after planting; every spring, after weeding, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer around the roots of the cassia seeds; harvest cassia seeds every autumn.

[0110] Comparative Example 5

[0111] A method for integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and other plants, the method comprising the following steps:

[0112] Step 2: Till the soil and build ridges 1.6m wide and 0.5m high, with a spacing of 0.5m between adjacent ridges;

[0113] Step 3: Plant 10 germinated garlic bulbs at a spacing of 2m on the planting point on the ridge, and plant germinated camellia seeds 35cm away from the planting point.

[0114] Step 4: Use a 3-needle shade net to shade the newly transplanted garlic clove seedlings and camellia seedlings; Water and fertilizer management: Water 1-2 times per week during the first 3 months after transplanting. Every spring, after weeding, randomly select 3 garlic clove plants and take 10g of leaves to test the N and P concentrations in the leaves. The N concentrations were 22.56, 22.68, and 22.79, respectively, and the P concentrations were 1.36, 1.31, and 1.34, respectively. The N / P ratios were respectively... If the N / P ratios are 16.59, 17.31, and 17.01, and the sampling results show that the N / P ratio is >16, then 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 13 mg of riboflavin should be applied around the roots of the chicken blood vine. The specific composting method for the organic fertilizer is as follows: rice straw and soybean residue are mixed and chopped with a straw cutter, then mixed evenly with sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Proteobacterium chrysosporium, and then put into a composting device with a small amount of vinegar and water, and then sealed in a dark place.

[0115] The planting plots used in Examples 1, 2, 4, 5, Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 4 are similar, and the sampling and testing results of the plots are not significantly different. In real life, large-scale sampling can be used to reduce costs. The planting plots used in Examples 3, 6, and Comparative Example 5 are also similar.

[0116] The garlic fruit was subjected to a combined management treatment according to the cultivation methods of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 3-5. In the third year after the combined management, two garlic fruit plants were randomly selected from each example to measure the biomass and haustoria number of the garlic fruit. The results are shown in Table 5. The economic benefits after 5 years of planting were statistically analyzed. It was assumed that the wholesale market price of chicken blood vine was 6 yuan / kg, the wholesale market price of cassia seed was 10 yuan / kg, and the wholesale market price of fresh camellia fruit was 2.2 yuan / kg. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0117] Table 5. Biomass, physiological indicators, and number of haustoria of garlic bulbs in the third year.

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] The results are shown in Table 5. Treatment with 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution at the time of transplanting of *Spatholobus suberectus* affected the formation of parasitic haustoria between *Gnaphalium affine* and *Spatholobus suberectus*. Comparing Comparative Example 4 with Comparative Example 5, it is evident that *Gnaphalium affine* is more likely to spontaneously form parasitic haustoria with *Camellia oleifera* than *Spatholobus suberectus*. However, the formation of parasitic haustoria between *Gnaphalium affine* and *Spatholobus suberectus* is more easily induced by 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution. Comparing Comparative Example 3 with Comparative Example 5, it is shown that the number of haustoria affects the biomass and physiological indicators of *Gnaphalium affine*. However, due to the nitrogen-fixing characteristics of *Spatholobus suberectus*, *Gnaphalium affine* plants absorb more nitrogen, promoting protein formation.

[0121] Table 6. Economic Benefits of the 5-Year Integrated Operation

[0122] Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 5th year Example 1 －－ －－ 282 －－ 192 Example 2 －－ －－ 294 －－ 174 Example 3 －－ －－ 306 －－ 186 Example 4 51.4 53.6 52.0 46.7 43.1 Example 5 47.0 51.7 53.4 47.3 42.6 Example 6 51.7 54.4 51.6 48.1 41.9 Comparative Example 3 －－ －－ 237 －－ 153 Comparative Example 4 46.3 48.7 51.3 48.6 44.3 Comparative Example 5 －－ －－ －－ －－ －－

[0123] As shown in Table 6 above, although this experiment only involved a small area of ​​garlic fruit with chicken blood vine and cassia seed, and the number of chicken blood vine and cassia seed plants in the combined operation was small, resulting in a lower total yield, it was still more profitable than the combined operation of garlic fruit and camellia oleifera. However, if the yield per plant is considered in the experiment, applying the combined operation of garlic fruit with chicken blood vine and cassia seed to reality would yield even more significant economic benefits.

[0124] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants, characterized in that... The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Randomly sample some leaves of the garlic seedlings to be planted, detect the N and P concentrations in the leaves, and calculate the N / P ratio. The garlic seedlings to be planted are one-year-old or two-year-old garlic seedlings. Step 2: Till the soil, create ridges, and randomly sample the total nitrogen value of the ridge soil; Step 3: When the N / P ratio is ≤15 and the total nitrogen value is <5g / kg, the soil of the ridge is mixed with organic fertilizer at a ratio of 5-8:

1. The organic fertilizer is prepared by chopping rice straw and soybean residue together with a straw cutter, then mixing it with sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Protozoa chrysophagus, and then placing it in a composting device with a small amount of vinegar and water, sealing it in a dark place. When the N / P ratio is >16 and the total nitrogen value is >5g / kg, the soil of the ridge is mixed with phosphate fertilizer at a ratio of 7-10:

1. Step 4: Plant the garlic seedlings on the ridge, and treat the roots of the chicken blood vine seedlings with 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution and transplant them near the garlic seedlings; Step 5: Field management. Harvest the stems of the chicken blood vine in the autumn and winter of the third year, while leaving the roots in the soil.

2. The method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the concentration of the 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution is 0.1-1 µmol / L, and the treatment time is 60-90 min.

3. The method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of field management described in step 5 include the following: Shading management: Use 3-4 needle shade netting to shade the newly transplanted garlic seedlings and chicken blood vine seedlings; Water and fertilizer management: During the first 1-3 months after transplanting, water 1-2 times per week, adding 1-5 µmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water. Every spring, after weeding, sample and test the N and P concentrations of the garlic berries and calculate the N / P ratio. If the N / P ratio is ≤15, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of organic fertilizer around the base of the *Spatholobus suberectus*. If the N / P ratio is >16, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5-13 mg of riboflavin around the base of the *Spatholobus suberectus*.

4. A method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants, characterized in that... The method includes the following steps: S1, randomly sample some leaves of the garlic seedlings to be planted, detect the N and P concentrations in the leaves, and calculate N / P, wherein the garlic seedlings to be planted are one-year-old or two-year-old garlic seedlings. S2, till the soil, build ridges, and randomly sample the total nitrogen value of the ridge soil; S3, when the N / P ratio is ≤15 and the total nitrogen value is <5g / kg, the soil of the ridge is mixed with organic fertilizer at a ratio of 5-8:

1. The organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing rice straw and soybean residue, chopping them with a straw cutter, and then mixing them with sheep manure, soybean meal, soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Protozoa chrysophagus. The mixture is then placed in a composting device, a small amount of vinegar and water are added, and the device is sealed in a dark place. When the N / P ratio is >16 and the total nitrogen value is >5g / kg, the soil of the ridge is mixed with phosphate fertilizer at a ratio of 7-10:

1. S4, the garlic seedlings are planted on the ridge, and the roots of the cassia seedlings are treated with 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution and then transplanted to the vicinity of the garlic seedlings. S5, field management, harvesting cassia seeds every autumn.

5. The method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants according to claim 4, characterized in that... In S4, the concentration of the 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution is 0.1-1 µmol / L, and the treatment time is 35-50 min.

6. The method for the integrated management of the endangered plant *Gnaphalium affine* and medicinal plants according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific steps of field management described in S5 include the following: Shading management: Use 2-3 needle shade netting to shade the newly transplanted garlic seedlings and cassia seeds; Water and fertilizer management: During the first 1-3 months after transplanting, water 1-2 times per week, adding 1-5 µmol / L 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone solution to the water. Every spring, after weeding, sample and test the N and P concentrations of the garlic pods, and calculate the N / P ratio. When the N / P ratio is ≤15, apply 0.5-0.9 kg of organic fertilizer around the roots of the cassia seeds, avoiding the roots. When the N / P ratio is >16, apply 0.3-0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5-13 mg of riboflavin around the roots of the cassia seeds, avoiding the roots.

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