Device and method for studying gas jet impact on hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics

Abstract

The application provides a device and a method for researching the atomization characteristics of a gas jet impacting hazardous waste paste. The research device comprises a spray gun device, a gas jet system and a hydraulic system. The spray gun device comprises a support seat, a material cylinder, a material inlet, a material outlet, a nozzle and a material pushing piston. The material cylinder is arranged on the support seat, the material pushing piston is arranged in the material cylinder, the material inlet is arranged on the material cylinder, the material outlet is arranged at the end of the material cylinder, and the nozzle is arranged inside the edge of the material outlet. The gas outlet end of the gas jet system is connected with the nozzle. The power output end of the hydraulic system is connected with one end of the material pushing piston, and is used for driving the reciprocating movement of the material pushing piston. The device and the method can be used for researching the atomization characteristics of materials under different spray gun structures, obtaining the spray gun structure parameters when the atomization effect is optimal, laying a foundation for the subsequent research and development of a new spray gun, improving the atomization effect of the spray gun by adopting the optimal spray gun structure, and solving the problems of the blockage of the outlet of the pumping pipeline and the insufficient combustion of materials when the cement kiln is used for the collaborative disposal of hazardous waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment devices, specifically relating to a device and method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact. Background Technology

[0002] Hazardous waste includes solid distillation residues, distillation liquids, and waste liquids. The woven bags, iron drums, and wooden pallets used to transport this hazardous waste are also considered pollutants. This material is typically highly viscous and has poor flowability, and is generally stored in iron drums, plastic drums, and woven bags. Currently, the most effective method for treating hazardous waste is to use a crushing, mixing, and pumping process to transport it to a cement kiln for incineration. In this process, the crushed and mixed material is pumped through pipelines into a pre-decomposition furnace.

[0003] However, the material transported through the pipeline is separated into segments of plunger-shaped paste at the pipeline outlet. This plunger-shaped paste, directly entering the precalciner of the cement kiln through the pipeline, causes several problems: 1. The pumping pipeline outlet is directly connected to the cement kiln precalciner. The paste-like material remaining at the pipeline outlet has high viscosity and poor flowability, preventing it from flowing out of the pipeline by itself. Under the high temperature inside the cement kiln, the material at the pipeline outlet first hardens and hardens, eventually causing a crust to form and blocking the pipeline outlet, making pipeline transport impossible. 2. The plunger-shaped paste material pumped into the precalciner only burns on the surface of the plunger; the core of the plunger cannot burn, and it only stays for a short time before entering the bottom of the precalciner, resulting in incomplete combustion and excessive CO emissions at the precalciner outlet. 3. With the solids pump conveying capacity controlled at around 2t / h, the SMP system (crushing-mixing-pumping system) capacity (theoretical conveying capacity 10t / h) can only be utilized at 20%, directly affecting the national hazardous waste disposal volume and severely restricting the economic benefits of co-processing.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, some studies have incorporated atomizing nozzles into the spray guns used to transport materials to the pre-decomposition furnace. These nozzles atomize the hazardous waste paste, resolving problems such as incomplete combustion, clogged pipe outlets, and excessive CO emissions. However, existing spray guns still exhibit poor atomization performance for hazardous waste due to insufficient understanding of the atomization characteristics of the treated material. Therefore, a research apparatus is needed to study the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste treated by spray guns. This apparatus would allow for the investigation of the atomization properties of the treated material, enabling optimization of the spray gun structure to obtain an optimal design model. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem solved by this invention is to provide a device and method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste impacted by gas jets. It can study the atomization characteristics of materials under different spray gun structures and further obtain the spray gun structure parameters with optimal atomization effect, thereby laying the foundation for subsequent industrial experiments to determine the development of new spray guns. By adopting the optimal spray gun structure, the atomization effect of the spray gun can be improved, solving the problems of pumping pipeline outlet blockage, insufficient material combustion causing excessive CO emissions at the pre-decomposition furnace outlet, and low production capacity of the crushing-mixing-pumping system when co-processing hazardous waste in cement kilns.

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, one aspect of the present invention provides a device for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact, comprising a spray gun device, a gas jet system, and a hydraulic system;

[0007] The spray gun device includes a support base, a material cylinder, an inlet, an outlet, a nozzle, and a pusher piston; the material cylinder is disposed on the support base, the pusher piston is disposed in the material cylinder, the inlet is disposed on the material cylinder, the outlet is disposed at one end of the material cylinder, and the nozzle is disposed on the inner side of the edge of the outlet.

[0008] The outlet of the gas jet system is connected to the nozzle. The gas jet system is used to provide atomizing gas, which has a jet impact effect on the material.

[0009] The power output end of the hydraulic system is connected to one end of the pusher piston, and is used to drive the pusher piston to reciprocate.

[0010] Preferably, there are multiple nozzles; the multiple nozzles are arranged circumferentially on the inner side of the discharge port; and the multiple nozzles are located at the lower part of the discharge port and within a range of -75° to 75° with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port.

[0011] Preferably, the gas jet system includes an atomizing gas source, a flow meter, a pressure gauge, a distribution valve, and a control valve; the outlet of the atomizing gas source is connected to the inlet of the distribution valve through a main gas pipe; the distribution valve includes multiple outlets, and each outlet of the distribution valve is connected to a nozzle through a branch pipe; the main gas pipe is equipped with a flow meter and a pressure gauge; and each branch pipe is equipped with the control valve.

[0012] Preferably, the hydraulic system includes an oil tank, a hydraulic pump, a speed control valve, a three-position four-way directional valve, and a hydraulic cylinder;

[0013] The outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the inlet of the speed control valve, the outlet of the speed control valve is connected to the inlet of the three-position four-way directional valve, the return port of the three-position four-way directional valve is connected to the oil tank, the first working port of the three-position four-way directional valve is connected to the first oil port of the hydraulic cylinder, and the second working port of the three-position four-way directional valve is connected to the second oil port of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0014] Preferably, the speed control valve is an electromagnetic speed control valve; the three-position four-way directional valve is an electromagnetic directional valve; and the atomizing gas source is an air compressor.

[0015] It also includes a controller and a position sensor; the controller is electrically connected to the position sensor and the speed control valve respectively; the position sensor is located inside the hydraulic cylinder and is used to determine the position of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder; the controller is used to adjust the speed control valve according to the position of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder transmitted by the position sensor, so as to control the pushing position of the hydraulic cylinder;

[0016] The controller is also electrically connected to the three-position four-way directional valve and the atomizing gas source respectively; the controller is used to control the three-position four-way directional valve to stop the hydraulic cylinder from pushing material when the position sensor detects that the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is in a set position; the controller is also used to control the atomizing gas source to turn on after the hydraulic cylinder stops pushing material, and to control the three-position four-way directional valve to continue pushing material.

[0017] Preferably, the nozzle located on the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port is a straight pipe; the nozzles located on both sides of the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port include a straight pipe section and a bent pipe section, the bent pipe section is connected to the front end of the straight pipe section, and the bent pipe section is bent horizontally at 20° relative to the straight pipe section towards the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port.

[0018] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste impacted by a gas jet, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Design an orthogonal experiment with the number of nozzles i, the distance d between the nozzle and the outer edge of the outlet of the spray gun device, and the pushing speed v of the pushing piston as variables;

[0020] S2. Based on the values ​​of each set of variables set in the orthogonal experiment, adjust the number of nozzles i, the distance d between the nozzle and the outer edge of the outlet of the spray gun device, and the pushing speed v of the pushing piston in the above-mentioned gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device.

[0021] S3. Based on the adjusted variable values, the hazardous waste paste atomization characteristic research device is used to atomize the hazardous waste paste using a gas jet;

[0022] S4. The atomization treatment results of hazardous waste paste are measured and analyzed to obtain the atomization characteristics of gas jet impact on hazardous waste paste;

[0023] S5. Based on the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste impacted by gas jet, the optimal values ​​of the number of nozzles i, the distance d between the nozzle and the outer edge of the outlet of the spray gun device, and the pushing speed v of the pushing piston are obtained for the optimal atomization effect. These values ​​represent the optimal model of the spray gun device.

[0024] Preferably, in step S3, the specific steps for atomizing the hazardous waste paste using the hazardous waste paste atomization characteristic research device include:

[0025] S301. Hazardous waste paste material is fed into the inlet of the hazardous waste paste atomization characteristic research device;

[0026] S302. Use the hydraulic system to push the pusher piston until the material is pushed to the outlet of the spray gun device, stop pushing the material, and turn on the gas jet system to provide atomizing gas to the nozzle;

[0027] S303. After the nozzle sprays atomized gas, the hydraulic system continues to push the pusher piston at the set pushing speed until the input material is completely atomized.

[0028] Preferably, step S4 specifically includes:

[0029] The atomization area, atomization angle, and mass of material distributed in each area of ​​the atomized hazardous waste paste were measured. The measured data were processed to obtain the relationship between each variable and the atomization angle, atomization area distribution, mass distribution of material in each area, and surface density distribution of material in each area.

[0030] Preferably, the atomization region is a V-shaped region with the spray axis as the axis of symmetry; when determining the mass of the material distributed in each region, the regions are divided perpendicular to the spray axis at equal intervals along the spray axis direction.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0032] The apparatus and method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste using gas jet impact, as described in this invention, can be used to study the atomization characteristics of materials under different spray gun structures. Furthermore, the optimal spray gun structure parameters for achieving the best atomization effect can be obtained, which constitutes the optimal design model of the spray gun. This lays the foundation for subsequent industrial experiments to determine the development of new spray guns. Designing a spray gun based on the optimal design model can improve the atomization effect and solve problems such as pumping pipe blockage, incomplete combustion of materials leading to excessive CO emissions at the pre-decomposition furnace outlet, and low capacity of the crushing-mixing-pumping system when co-processing hazardous waste in cement kilns.

[0033] In the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device of the present invention, the structure and arrangement of the nozzles on the spray gun device enable the gas jet to completely cover the material and stay at the outlet position, forming a free jet zone, a convergence zone and an impact zone, and obtaining the effect of staggered layered three-dimensional impact jet. The spray gun has a better atomization effect on hazardous waste paste. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spray gun device in the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device described in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a right view of the spray gun device in the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device described in this embodiment of the invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a front view of the spray gun device in the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device described in this embodiment of the invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a gas jet diagram formed when a nozzle is set at the bottom center of the discharge port in the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device described in this embodiment of the invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a gas jet diagram formed when two 20° elbow nozzles are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the discharge port of the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device described in this embodiment of the invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a gas jet diagram formed when two 20° elbow nozzles are symmetrically arranged above the discharge port in the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device described in this embodiment of the invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the gas jet formed by the simultaneous impact jet of five nozzles on the material in the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device described in this embodiment of the invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure in the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device described in this embodiment of the invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This refers to the regional division used in the method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste impacted by gas jets, as described in this embodiment of the invention, when determining the mass of materials distributed in each region.

[0044] Wherein: 1-Spray gun device; 2-Gas jet system; 3-Hydraulic system; 4-Straight pipe section; 5-Bend pipe section; 101-Support base; 102-Material cylinder; 103-Inlet; 104-Outlet; 105-Nozzle; 106-Pushing piston; 201-Atomizing gas source; 202-Flow meter; 203-Pressure gauge; 204-Distribution valve; 205-Control valve; 206-Main air pipe; 207-Branch air pipe; 301-Oil tank; 302-Hydraulic pump; 303-Speed ​​control valve; 304-Three-position four-way directional valve; 305-Hydraulic cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment of the apparatus for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact includes a spray gun device 1, a gas jet system 2 and a hydraulic system 3;

[0049] The spray gun device 1 includes a support base 101, a material cylinder 102, a material inlet 103, a material outlet 104, a nozzle 105, and a pusher piston 106; the material cylinder 102 is disposed on the support base 101, the pusher piston 106 is disposed in the material cylinder 102, the material inlet 103 is disposed on the material cylinder 102, the material outlet 104 is disposed at one end of the material cylinder 102, and the nozzle 105 is disposed on the inner side of the edge of the material outlet 104;

[0050] The outlet of the gas jet system 2 is connected to the nozzle 105. The gas jet system 2 is used to provide atomizing gas, which has a jet impact effect on the material.

[0051] The power output end of the hydraulic system 3 is connected to one end of the pusher piston 106 to drive the pusher piston 106 to reciprocate.

[0052] The gas jet impact atomization characteristics study device for hazardous waste paste in this embodiment is used to study the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste materials after atomization treatment by a spray gun. The working principle of this research device is as follows: The adjustment of parameters such as the number of nozzles, the distance between the nozzles and the edge of the nozzle outlet, and the pushing speed (which may also include nozzle setting method, nozzle setting position, nozzle outlet diameter, and atomizing gas pipe diameter, etc., all of which can be adjusted according to actual experimental research needs) directly affects the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste treated by the spray gun device. Using the above parameters as variables, a set of values ​​for the above variables is first selected. The spray gun structure is adjusted according to the selected experimental parameters. The pushing piston is retracted to the end of the material cylinder through the hydraulic system. Hazardous waste material is added from the inlet. Then, the hydraulic system is activated, and the power output end of the hydraulic system pushes the pushing piston forward. The pushing piston pushes the material to slide along the inner wall of the material cylinder to the outlet of the spray gun device. The gas jet system is activated, providing atomizing gas to the nozzle, so that the material is broken and atomized under the action of the gas impact jet. Then, the atomization characteristic data of the material under this set of parameters is obtained. Continue to select multiple sets of values ​​for the above variables and repeat the above steps to obtain the atomization characteristic data of the material under each set of parameters.

[0053] The gas jet impact atomization characteristics research device for hazardous waste paste in this embodiment can be used to study the atomization characteristics of materials under different spray gun device structures. Furthermore, the optimal spray gun device structural parameters for achieving the best atomization effect can be obtained, which constitutes the optimal design model of the spray gun. This lays the foundation for subsequent industrial experiments to determine the development of new spray guns. Adopting the optimal spray gun structure can improve the atomization effect and solve problems such as pumping pipe outlet blockage, incomplete material combustion leading to excessive CO emissions at the pre-decomposition furnace outlet, and low capacity of the crushing-mixing-pumping system when co-processing hazardous waste in cement kilns.

[0054] Specifically, the material cylinder and the discharge port are preferably cylindrical structures.

[0055] Preferably, there are multiple nozzles 105; the multiple nozzles 105 are arranged circumferentially on the inner side of the discharge port 104. When studying atomization characteristics, the number of nozzles can be used as a variable in the structural parameters of the spray gun device. When the number of nozzles is set to 1, the gas jet system controls one nozzle to spray atomized gas, and the gas channels on the other nozzles are closed. When the number of nozzles is set to 2, 3, 4, etc., the gas jet system controls 2, 3, and 4 nozzles to spray atomized gas, and the gas channels on the other nozzles are closed, thereby realizing the adjustment of the number of nozzles as a variable.

[0056] Preferably, such as Figure 4 As shown, multiple nozzles 105 are located at the lower part of the discharge port 104, and within a range of -75° to 75° angle with the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port 104. Based on the material's flowability and angle of repose, the outflow of hazardous waste is concentrated at the lower part of the spray gun device, which, according to measurements, is approximately within a 150° range below the discharge port (i.e., within a range of -75° to 75° angle with the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port). Therefore, an eccentric design should be adopted, requiring only a certain number of nozzles to be installed within the lower 150° range of the discharge port.

[0057] Preferably, the nozzle 105 is a straight-through air pipe. Because the material is viscous and easily clogged when exposed to high temperatures, the nozzles are all made of straight-through air pipes for easy cleaning.

[0058] Preferably, the plurality of nozzles 105 are arranged symmetrically about the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port.

[0059] More preferably, multiple nozzles are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the discharge port.

[0060] Preferably, the nozzle located on the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port is a straight pipe; such as Figure 9 As shown, the nozzles located on both sides of the vertical axis of symmetry at the discharge port include a straight pipe section 4 and a bent pipe section 5. The front end of the bent pipe section 4 is connected to the front end of the straight pipe section 5. The bent pipe section 5 is bent horizontally at 20° relative to the straight pipe section 4 towards the vertical axis of symmetry at the discharge port. The middle nozzle uses a straight pipe, while the nozzles on both sides have their ends tilted horizontally at 20° towards the center of the discharge port, which facilitates the formation of a fan-shaped distribution.

[0061] In the gas jet impact atomization characteristics study device for hazardous waste paste in this embodiment, the nozzles on the spray gun device adopt the above-described structure and arrangement, which can achieve the effect of staggered layered three-dimensional impact jet. Specifically, taking the spray gun device structure with 5 nozzles at the discharge port as an example, due to the circular gas pipe outlet of the straight gas pipe, the gas jet is conical, simulating the conical region of a single gas jet at the outlet of the 5 nozzles. Figure 5The image shows a gas jet pattern formed when a single nozzle is installed at the bottom center of the discharge port. This nozzle directly impacts the material at the bottom, creating a single-jet zone. Figure 6 The image shows a gas jet pattern formed when two 20° elbow nozzles are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the discharge port. The two 20° elbow nozzles create an impact jet in the middle, and the two gas streams collide at an angle, forming a free jet zone and an impact zone. Figure 7 The diagram shows the gas jet pattern formed when two 20° elbow nozzles are symmetrically arranged at the top of the discharge port. The two 20° elbow nozzles create an impact jet at the top, with the two gas streams colliding at an angle, forming both a free jet zone and an impact zone. The un-atomized material in the middle and top sections, due to its fluidity, will eventually flow to the bottom of the spray gun device and be atomized through the bottom nozzle. Figure 8 The image shows a gas jet pattern formed by five nozzles simultaneously impacting the material. It can be seen that the gas jet can completely cover the material at the outlet, forming a three-dimensional impact jet with alternating layers of free jet zone, convergence zone, and impact zone.

[0062] Preferably, the gas jet system 2 includes an atomizing gas source 201, a flow meter 202, a pressure gauge 203, a distribution valve 204, and a control valve 205. The outlet of the atomizing gas source 201 is connected to the inlet of the distribution valve 204 via a main gas pipe 206. The distribution valve 204 includes multiple outlets, each outlet of which is connected to a nozzle 105 via a branch pipe 207. The main gas pipe 206 is equipped with a flow meter 202 and a pressure gauge 203. Each branch pipe 207 is equipped with a control valve 205. The atomized gas generated by the atomizing gas source has its flow rate controlled by the flow meter on the main gas pipe, and then the main gas pipe is divided into multiple branches by the distribution valve. Each branch pipe is equipped with a control valve to control the opening and closing of a single branch pipe, thereby realizing the atomization characteristics study of the corresponding nozzle. Figure 4 As shown, taking a spray gun device with 5 nozzles at the outlet as an example, when studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste with the number of nozzles as a variable, 5 nozzles are symmetrically arranged in the lower middle part of the spray gun device, labeled a, b, c, d, and e respectively. Air pipe e is located on the vertical axis of symmetry of the outlet. When the variable value is 1, i.e., one nozzle, the control valve on the branch pipe connected to nozzle e is open, and the control valves on the branch pipes connected to nozzles a, b, c, and d are closed, thus realizing the atomization characteristics study when the spray gun device structure has only one nozzle. When the variable value is 2, the control valves of nozzles c and d are open, and the control valves of other nozzles are closed. When the variable value is 3, the control valves of nozzles c, d, and e are open, and the control valves of other nozzles are closed. When the variable value is 5, the control valves of nozzles a, b, c, d, and e are all open.

[0063] The atomizing gas source can be any device that provides gas, such as an air compressor. The control valve can be a manual or electric control valve, specifically a manual ball valve.

[0064] Preferably, the hydraulic system 3 includes an oil tank 301, a hydraulic pump 302, a speed control valve 303, a three-position four-way directional valve 304, and a hydraulic cylinder 305;

[0065] The outlet of hydraulic pump 302 is connected to the inlet of speed control valve 303. The outlet of speed control valve 303 is connected to the inlet of three-position four-way directional valve 304. The return port of three-position four-way directional valve 304 is connected to oil tank 301. The first working port of three-position four-way directional valve 304 is connected to the first oil port of hydraulic cylinder 305, and the second working port of three-position four-way directional valve 304 is connected to the second oil port of hydraulic cylinder 305. The hydraulic pump provides oil to the hydraulic cylinder, which then operates, acting on the pusher piston to propel the material forward. The speed control valve adjusts the flow rate of the oil supplied by the hydraulic pump, thereby changing the pushing speed of the hydraulic cylinder to match the pushing speed of the solid pump. The three-position four-way directional valve controls the flow direction and on / off state of the oil in the hydraulic system, thereby changing the movement direction of the pusher piston or stopping the pusher piston.

[0066] The speed control valve can be either an electromagnetic speed control valve or a manual speed control valve, depending on its operating method; preferably, it is an electromagnetic speed control valve. The three-position four-way directional control valve can be operated manually, mechanically, electromagnetically, hydraulically, or electro-hydraulically; preferably, it is an electromagnetic directional control valve. Thus, the speed control valve and directional control valve can be electrically operated for speed regulation and directional switching.

[0067] Preferably, the apparatus for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact further includes a controller and a position sensor; the controller is electrically connected to the position sensor and a speed control valve respectively; the position sensor is located inside the hydraulic cylinder and is used to determine the position of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder; the controller is used to adjust the speed control valve according to the position of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder transmitted by the position sensor, so as to control the pushing position of the hydraulic cylinder. The position sensor can provide real-time feedback of the piston rod position of the hydraulic cylinder to the controller, accurately controlling the pushing position, and the controller can adjust the speed control valve to change the hydraulic oil flow rate according to the feedback pushing position, thereby accurately controlling the pushing speed of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0068] Preferably, the controller is also electrically connected to the three-position four-way directional valve 304 and the atomizing air source 201 respectively. The controller is used to control the three-position four-way directional valve to stop the hydraulic cylinder from pushing material when the position sensor detects that the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is in the set position. The controller is also used to control the atomizing air source to turn on after the hydraulic cylinder stops pushing material, and to control the three-position four-way directional valve to continue pushing material. When the hydraulic cylinder pushes the material to the outlet of the spray gun device, the position sensor detects that the set stop point has been reached and sends a feedback signal to the controller. The controller controls the three-position four-way directional valve to switch, cut off the hydraulic oil, and stop the cylinder from working. Then, when the atomizing air source is turned on, the three-position four-way directional valve is controlled to switch again, the hydraulic cylinder works, and continues to push the material forward until the material is completely atomized.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] This embodiment of a method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact includes the following steps:

[0071] 1. Blend hazardous waste paste materials containing a certain mass fraction of sludge;

[0072] 2. Using the number of nozzles i, the distance d from the outer edge of the nozzle (specifically the outer edge of the nozzle) to the outer edge of the outlet of the spray gun device, and the pushing speed v of the pushing piston as variables, an orthogonal experiment was designed, and the orthogonal experiment parameter table was obtained.

[0073] 3. Based on the values ​​of each set of variables set in the orthogonal experimental table, adjust the number of nozzles i, the distance d between the nozzle and the outer edge of the outlet of the spray gun device, and the pushing speed v of the pushing piston in the above-mentioned gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristic research device. Specifically, the adjustment can be done by first fixing two variables, changing one variable and measuring the atomization characteristics in sequence to obtain an experimental result, then adjusting the value of the fixed variable, fixing the two variables again, and changing one variable to measure (for example, first fix d=d1 and v=v1, adjust i, measure the atomization characteristics, then change the value of d to d2, fix d2 and v1 again, adjust i, and measure the atomization characteristics).

[0074] IV. Based on the adjusted variable values, the hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device of Example 1 was used to atomize the hazardous waste paste using a gas jet; specifically:

[0075] (1) Calculate the mass of each feeding based on the volume of material pumped by the solid pump and the density of the material after mixing, and feed the hazardous waste paste material into the inlet of the hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device.

[0076] (2) The hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic system pushes the pusher piston until the material is pushed to the outlet of the spray gun device. After the position sensor detects the signal, it controls the three-position four-way reversing valve to switch, so that the hydraulic cylinder stops pushing the material and controls the atomizing gas source to open to provide atomizing gas to the nozzle.

[0077] (3) After the nozzle sprays out atomizing gas, the controller controls the three-position four-way reversing valve to switch, so that the hydraulic cylinder continues to push the material, and pushes the pushing piston at the set pushing speed under the control of the speed regulating valve, so that the material is atomized under the action of the gas jet until the material is atomized.

[0078] V. The atomization area, atomization angle, and mass of the material distributed within each area of ​​the hazardous waste paste after atomization treatment are measured. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the atomization zone is a V-shaped area where the atomized material falls, symmetrical about the spray axis. To determine the mass of material distributed in each zone, the zones are divided perpendicularly to the spray axis at equal intervals. For example, a zone can be divided perpendicularly every 1m along the spray axis. To determine the atomization zone range, the width of each zone and the total atomization length are measured with a tape measure. The material in each interval zone is weighed. Three sets of experimental results are measured under the same conditions, and the average value is taken. The measured experimental data are analyzed and processed to obtain the relationship between each variable and the atomization angle, the atomization zone distribution, the material mass distribution in each zone, and the material surface density distribution in each zone, which is the atomization characteristic. Specifically, for example, we can analyze the relationship between atomization angle and feeding speed, i.e., the relationship between atomization angle and feeding speed when i and d are constant; the relationship between the number of nozzles and atomization area distribution, i.e., the relationship between atomization area distribution and i when d and v are constant; the relationship between different numbers of nozzles and mass distribution, i.e., the relationship between mass distribution of material in different division areas and the number of nozzles when d and v are constant; and the relationship between feeding speed and surface density distribution, i.e., the relationship between surface density distribution of material in different division areas and feeding speed when i and d are constant.

[0079] VI. Based on the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste impacted by gas jet, the optimal values ​​of the number of nozzles i, the distance d between the nozzle and the outer edge of the outlet of the spray gun device, and the pushing speed v of the pushing piston are obtained for the optimal atomization effect. These values ​​represent the optimal model of the spray gun device.

[0080] The method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste impacted by gas jets in this embodiment can investigate the atomization characteristics of materials under different spray gun device structures, and further obtain the spray gun structural parameters with optimal atomization effect, which is the optimal design model of the spray gun. This lays the foundation for subsequent industrial experiments to determine the development of new spray guns. Designing spray guns based on the optimal design model can improve the atomization effect of the spray guns and solve problems such as pumping pipeline outlet blockage, incomplete combustion of materials causing excessive CO emissions at the pre-decomposition furnace outlet, and low capacity of the crushing-mixing-pumping system when co-processing hazardous waste in cement kilns.

[0081] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A device for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact, characterized in that: Includes spray gun assembly, gas jet system, and hydraulic system; The spray gun device includes a support base, a material cylinder, an inlet, an outlet, a nozzle, and a pusher piston; the material cylinder is disposed on the support base, the pusher piston is disposed in the material cylinder, the inlet is disposed on the material cylinder, the outlet is disposed at one end of the material cylinder, and the nozzle is disposed on the inner side of the edge of the outlet. The outlet of the gas jet system is connected to the nozzle. The gas jet system is used to provide atomizing gas, which has a jet impact effect on the material. The power output end of the hydraulic system is connected to one end of the pusher piston, and is used to drive the pusher piston to reciprocate. The nozzles are multiple; the multiple nozzles are arranged circumferentially on the inner side of the discharge port; The gas jet system includes an atomizing gas source, a flow meter, a pressure gauge, a distribution valve, and a control valve; the outlet of the atomizing gas source is connected to the inlet of the distribution valve via a main gas pipe; the distribution valve includes multiple outlets, and each outlet of the distribution valve is connected to a nozzle via a branch pipe; the main gas pipe is equipped with a flow meter and a pressure gauge; each branch pipe is equipped with the control valve. The hydraulic system includes an oil tank, a hydraulic pump, a speed control valve, a three-position four-way directional valve, and a hydraulic cylinder. The outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the inlet of the speed control valve, the outlet of the speed control valve is connected to the inlet of the three-position four-way directional valve, the return port of the three-position four-way directional valve is connected to the oil tank, the first working port of the three-position four-way directional valve is connected to the first oil port of the hydraulic cylinder, and the second working port of the three-position four-way directional valve is connected to the second oil port of the hydraulic cylinder. The speed control valve is an electromagnetic speed control valve; the three-position four-way directional valve is an electromagnetic directional valve; the atomizing gas source is an air compressor; It also includes a controller and a position sensor; the controller is electrically connected to the position sensor and the speed control valve respectively; the position sensor is located inside the hydraulic cylinder and is used to determine the position of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder; the controller is used to adjust the speed control valve according to the position of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder transmitted by the position sensor, so as to control the pushing position of the hydraulic cylinder; The controller is also electrically connected to the three-position four-way directional valve and the atomizing gas source respectively; the controller is used to control the three-position four-way directional valve to stop the hydraulic cylinder from pushing material when the position sensor detects that the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is in a set position; the controller is also used to control the atomizing gas source to turn on after the hydraulic cylinder stops pushing material, and to control the three-position four-way directional valve to continue pushing material.

2. The apparatus for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of nozzles are located at the lower part of the discharge port and are situated within a range of -75° to 75° angle with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port.

3. The apparatus for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle located on the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port is a straight pipe; the nozzles located on both sides of the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port include a straight pipe section and a bent pipe section, the bent pipe section is connected to the front end of the straight pipe section, and the bent pipe section is bent horizontally at 20° relative to the straight pipe section towards the vertical axis of symmetry of the discharge port.

4. A method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste impacted by a gas jet, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Design an orthogonal experiment with the number of nozzles i, the distance d between the nozzle and the outer edge of the outlet of the spray gun device, and the pushing speed v of the pushing piston as variables; S2. Based on the values ​​of each set of variables set in the orthogonal experiment, adjust the number of nozzles i, the distance d between the nozzle and the outer edge of the outlet of the spray gun device, and the pushing speed v of the pushing piston in the gas jet impact hazardous waste paste atomization characteristics research device as described in any one of claims 1-3. S3. Based on the adjusted variable values, the hazardous waste paste atomization characteristic research device is used to atomize the hazardous waste paste using a gas jet; S4. The atomization treatment results of hazardous waste paste are measured and analyzed to obtain the atomization characteristics of gas jet impact on hazardous waste paste; S5. Based on the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste impacted by gas jet, the optimal values ​​of the number of nozzles i, the distance d between the nozzle and the outer edge of the outlet of the spray gun device, and the pushing speed v of the pushing piston are obtained for the optimal atomization effect. These values ​​represent the optimal model of the spray gun device.

5. The method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the specific steps for atomizing the hazardous waste paste using the aforementioned hazardous waste paste atomization characteristic research device include: S301. Hazardous waste paste material is fed into the inlet of the hazardous waste paste atomization characteristic research device; S302. Use the hydraulic system to push the pusher piston until the material is pushed to the outlet of the spray gun device, stop pushing the material, and turn on the gas jet system to provide atomizing gas to the nozzle; S303. After the nozzle sprays atomized gas, the hydraulic system continues to push the pusher piston at the set pushing speed until the input material is completely atomized.

6. The method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S4 specifically includes: The atomization area, atomization angle, and mass of material distributed in each area of ​​the atomized hazardous waste paste were measured. The measured data were processed to obtain the relationship between each variable and the atomization angle, atomization area distribution, mass distribution of material in each area, and surface density distribution of material in each area.

7. The method for studying the atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste by gas jet impact according to claim 6, characterized in that: The atomization area is a V-shaped area with the spray axis as the axis of symmetry; when determining the mass of the material distributed in each area, the area is divided along the spray axis direction with equal intervals perpendicular to the spray axis.

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