Intelligent monitoring method and system for power secondary system based on knowledge graph

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on knowledge graph's intelligent monitoring method and system of electric power secondary system, and the method comprises the following steps: S1: to electrical quantity relay protection device is structured and decomposed according to protection object category, protection function and the input, output of device, constructs electrical quantity relay protection device graph modelization model;S2: based on the input quantity in electrical quantity relay protection device graph modelization model, constructs the external extension related topological relationship of electrical quantity relay protection device;S3: the associated influencing factor of protection function in electrical quantity relay protection device graph modelization model is modeled, and the graph modelization model of internal connection such as electrical quantity relay protection device function module is further structured and decomposed;S4: topological correlation analysis is carried out based on S1-S3, and the intelligent monitoring of electric power secondary system is realized.The practicability of relay protection intelligent monitoring is proposed, and the relay protection online monitoring information identification and intelligent diagnosis technology are strengthened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent monitoring technology for relay protection, and relates to an intelligent monitoring method and system for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs. Background Technology

[0002] In substations, a lot of information is transmitted from the equipment. Currently, many substations are connected to the relay protection online monitoring and diagnostic system, and a large number of alarm messages are transmitted every day. There is a lack of automated means to analyze whether the information transmitted by the equipment affects the normal operation of the protection. Manual analysis is inefficient and cannot achieve real-time early warning. In addition, some abnormal signals may recover quickly with load changes, which can easily be overlooked. When equipment is abnormal, professional personnel are required to participate in the analysis, and it is impossible to obtain an assessment of the impact of the abnormality in a timely manner. Some abnormalities require experienced professionals or even guidance from the manufacturer to determine the troubleshooting measures, which is time-consuming and inefficient.

[0003] Therefore, the practicality of intelligent monitoring technology for relay protection is currently low, and the identification and intelligent diagnosis technology of online monitoring information for relay protection needs to be further strengthened. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent monitoring method and system for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs, thereby improving the practicality of intelligent monitoring of relay protection, strengthening the identification and intelligent diagnosis technology of online monitoring information of relay protection, and enhancing the system's technical support for operation and maintenance personnel.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] The intelligent monitoring method for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: The electrical quantity relay protection device is structurally decomposed according to the protection object category, protection function and device input and output, and a graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device is constructed.

[0008] S2: Construct external extended related topology relationships for the secondary realization loops of input quantities in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection devices;

[0009] S3: Model the influencing factors of protection functions in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device, so as to further decompose the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device into a structured form.

[0010] S4: Based on S1-S3, perform topological correlation analysis to achieve intelligent monitoring of the power secondary system.

[0011] Preferably, in S1, the electrical quantity relay protection device is classified into protection object categories, and the protection functions and device inputs and outputs corresponding to the protection object categories are analyzed to achieve structured decomposition according to the protection object category, protection function and device inputs and outputs, and to construct the corresponding electrical quantity relay protection device graphical model.

[0012] The electrical quantity relay protection devices are classified into high-voltage and low-voltage line protection, main transformer protection, busbar protection, and high-resistance protection.

[0013] The graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device includes the protection functions corresponding to the categories of protected objects, as well as the device's inputs and outputs.

[0014] Preferably, for high-voltage line protection, its protection functions include longitudinal differential protection, impedance protection, and zero-sequence overcurrent protection; the inputs of the device include analog and digital inputs, the analog inputs include three-phase voltage, synchronous voltage, three-phase current, and zero-sequence current, and the digital inputs include circuit breaker three-phase trip, reclosing lockout, low gas pressure reclosing lockout, remote transmission, and other protection actions; the outputs of the device include protection trip, reclosing, start failure, protection action signal, protection alarm signal, and device lockout signal.

[0015] Preferably, S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0016] S21: Establish graph elements according to the specific protected object, voltage level, primary wiring method, and applicable scenario of the electrical quantity relay protection device, and form the input quantity relationship of the electrical quantity relay protection device graph model to reflect its circuit connection and the associated topology relationship with the primary equipment.

[0017] S22: Utilizing the primary and secondary mapping relationship of relay protection and the primary system connection topology, combined with SCD and standardized design documents, construct the loop topology with adjacent secondary equipment to form the connection topology relationship between the input quantity and the output of the relevant secondary equipment in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device;

[0018] S23: According to the standardized design documents, establish the loop connection topology between the topology obtained in S21 and the topology obtained in S22, and complete the construction of the external extension related topology of the input quantity secondary realization loop in the graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device.

[0019] Preferably, S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0020] S31: Modularize the protection functions in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device, and construct protection function modules to realize the required analog and digital inputs;

[0021] S32: Based on the various operating modes of electrical quantity relay protection in actual applications, construct the protection function module function activation / deactivation control function and soft / hard pressure plates and setting logic based on the inputs described in S31;

[0022] S33: Based on the logic constructed in S32, analyze and construct a model of factors affecting the protective action behavior of the protection function module, thus completing the modeling of the associated influencing factors of the protection function.

[0023] Preferably, for impedance protection of the line, the function enabling / disabling control function, along with the soft and hard voltage boards and setting logic, specifically includes:

[0024] When both the soft and hard impedance protection plates are engaged, and the corresponding impedance protection control word is set to "1", the impedance protection is in the engaged state. At this time, the impedance protection works according to the impedance value, impedance sensitivity angle, and impedance action delay set in the setting list, and determines whether the fault point is within its protection range when a fault occurs.

[0025] Preferably, S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0026] S41: Obtain the status of protection pressure plates and the positions of circuit breakers and disconnectors through the operation and maintenance substation and main station SCADA system;

[0027] S42: Determine the protection operation mode based on the status of the protection pressure plate and the positions of the circuit breaker and disconnector;

[0028] S43: When S42 determines that the protection is in operation, it uses the same source comparison to check the consistency of the analog input and switch input of the electrical quantity relay protection. If the consistency check is met, the data is deemed valid; otherwise, the data is invalid and an alarm message is generated.

[0029] S44: For protection equipment in operation, by analyzing the abnormal self-test function, alarm generation mechanism, and handling method of the relay protection device, and combining the validity of input data with the setting value comparison technology, topological correlation analysis is performed based on S1-S3 to comprehensively judge the cause of device abnormality and propose an abnormal handling plan.

[0030] Preferably, in S42, if the busbar disconnect switch is engaged and the circuit breaker is closed, it indicates a single operation; if the circuit breaker is open, it indicates a single exit; if the circuit breaker is open, the busbar disconnect switch is opened, and the grounding disconnect switch is closed, it indicates a single maintenance; if the maintenance pressure plate is off and the function pressure plate is engaged, it indicates protection operation; if the function pressure plate is off, it indicates protection exit; if the maintenance pressure plate is engaged, it indicates protection maintenance.

[0031] Preferably, the setting comparison technology refers to comparing the effective setting list of the protection device with the standard setting list item by item.

[0032] Preferably, S4 further includes forming an anomaly handling expert database based on anomaly handling measures and establishing a relevant graph topology.

[0033] A knowledge graph-based intelligent monitoring system for power secondary systems includes:

[0034] The graphical model construction module is used to structurally decompose electrical quantity relay protection devices according to the protection object category, protection function, and device input and output, and construct a graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device.

[0035] The topology construction module is used to construct external extended related topology relationships for the secondary realization loops of input quantities in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection devices.

[0036] The influencing factor construction module is used to model the associated influencing factors of the protection function in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device, so as to further decompose the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device into a structured form.

[0037] The intelligent monitoring module is used to perform topological correlation analysis based on the graph model construction module, topological relationship construction module, and influencing factor construction module to realize intelligent monitoring of the power secondary system.

[0038] A terminal, comprising a processor and a storage medium;

[0039] The storage medium is used to store instructions;

[0040] The processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps according to the method.

[0041] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this invention are compared with those of the prior art:

[0043] This invention is based on an online monitoring and diagnostic system platform for relay protection. Utilizing information from relay protection devices accessed by the system, and based on factors such as electrical quantity relay protection function configuration, relay protection anomaly self-check alarm mechanism, relay protection system structure, and connections between secondary circuits, it employs knowledge graph topology association technology to graphically associate secondary system circuits, influencing factors of relay protection function modules, device self-check anomaly identification, operational setting correctness comparison, primary and secondary system equipment mapping, primary and secondary operation mode identification, and typical anomaly handling schemes. This enables the system to assist relay protection maintenance personnel in anomaly diagnosis when anomalies are detected during inspections, quickly analyze the impact of anomalies, locate anomalies, and provide anomaly handling measures. It can effectively identify abnormal signals during operation / shutdown / maintenance, effectively extract abnormal information from normally operating relay protection, assist maintenance personnel in identifying signals that affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid, analyze the causes of specific anomalies, identify possible fault points causing the anomalies, and provide corresponding anomaly handling schemes, effectively providing technical support for equipment maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of electrical quantity relay protection elements in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the relay protection AI element in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the relay protection function module elements in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the intelligent monitoring method for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. The embodiments described in this application are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring method for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs. In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the following steps:

[0050] S1: Decompose the electrical quantity relay protection device into a structured form and construct a graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device;

[0051] Specifically, S1 classifies the protected objects of electrical quantity relay protection devices into categories, and analyzes the protection functions and device inputs and outputs corresponding to the protected object categories. It realizes the structured decomposition of electrical quantity relay protection devices according to the protected object category, protection function, and device inputs and outputs, forming a general knowledge graph structure model of electrical quantity relay protection devices, which is the graph model of electrical quantity relay protection devices.

[0052] The protected objects of the electrical quantity relay protection device can be classified into high and low voltage line protection, main transformer protection, busbar protection and high-voltage protection, etc.

[0053] The graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device includes the protection functions corresponding to the protection object category, as well as the device's inputs and outputs.

[0054] Taking high-voltage line protection as an example, its protection functions include longitudinal differential protection, impedance protection, and zero-sequence overcurrent protection. The device's inputs include analog and digital inputs. Analog inputs include three-phase voltage, synchronous voltage, three-phase current, and zero-sequence current. Digital inputs include circuit breaker three-phase trip, reclosing lockout, low gas pressure reclosing lockout, remote transmission, and other protection actions. The device's outputs include protection trip, reclosing, start failure, protection action signals, protection alarm signals, and device lockout signals.

[0055] The model constructed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The corresponding protection object category is high-voltage line, the protection function is longitudinal differential protection, impedance protection, zero-sequence overcurrent protection, the device input is analog quantity UA, UB, UC, IA, IB, IC, 3I0 and switch quantity TWJA, TWJB, TWJC, remote transmission 1, other protection actions, protection function pressure plate, the device output is protection trip, reclosing, protection action signal, protection alarm signal, device lockout signal.

[0056] S2: Construct external extended related topological relationships for the quadratic realization loops of the input quantities in the model constructed in S1;

[0057] S2 establishes the loop extension topology for each analog and digital input of the electrical quantity relay protection device. Following SCD and standardized design, it constructs the external extension-related topology relationships for each input of the relay protection device. Specifically, it uses the input quantities in the graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device as examples to construct the external extension-related topology relationships for the electrical quantity relay protection device. This section includes the following functions:

[0058] S21: Establish graph elements according to the specific protected object, voltage level, primary wiring method, and applicable scenarios of the electrical quantity relay protection device, and form the circuit connection and associated topology relationship between the input quantity (analog quantity, switch quantity, etc.) in the model constructed by S1.

[0059] The spectral elements established by S21 are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it is applicable to both AC and DC protection. Taking AC power transmission as an example, the protected objects are generally one of the following: lines, main transformers, busbars, circuit breakers, and reactors. The voltage levels can be 1000kV, 750kV, 500kV, 330kV, 220kV, 110kV, etc. Figure 2 This reflects the protection of AI and Figure 1 The implementation loops of the model's analog inputs UA, UB, UC, IA, IB, IC, and 3I0, and their relationship with primary equipment;

[0060] Based on the protected objects, voltage levels, primary wiring methods, and applicable scenarios of the designed electrical quantity relay protection devices, a graph element was established, forming the input topology;

[0061] S22: Using the primary and secondary mapping relationship and primary system connection topology established by the relay protection online monitoring and analysis system, combined with SCD and standardized design, construct the loop topology with adjacent secondary equipment, and form the connection topology relationship between the input quantity and the output of the relevant secondary equipment in the model constructed in S1.

[0062] S23: In accordance with the standardized design, establish the loop connection topology between the topology obtained in S21 and S22 for the analog and digital inputs of the electrical quantity relay protection device, and complete the construction of the external extension related topology of the secondary realization loop of the input quantity in the graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device;

[0063] Figure 2 This indicates the coordination method of the analog terminals of the device to the terminal blocks and related circuits (including voltage switching circuits). The standardized design documents mentioned include Q / GDW1161 "Standardized Design Specification for Line Protection and Auxiliary Devices" and Q / GDW 441-2010 "Technical Specification for Relay Protection of Intelligent Substations". By adopting the specifications, the primary voltage and primary current under the operating mode (when the disconnector is connected to a certain busbar, the voltage of that busbar is taken) are transformed by PT and CT and connected to the protection device through the secondary circuit to complete the establishment of the circuit coordination method.

[0064] S24: Based on S21-S23, obtain the external extended related topological relationships of the input quantities in the model constructed by S1.

[0065] S3: Model the influencing factors of protection functions in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device constructed in S1, and further decompose the graphical model of the internal relationship of the functional modules of electrical quantity relay protection device into a structured form.

[0066] A model of the influencing factors of various protection functions of an electrical quantity relay protection device is constructed. The graphical model of the device is further decomposed into a structured form to establish the topological relationship between protection functions and related influencing factors. This section includes the following functions:

[0067] S31: Modularize the protection functions in the model constructed in S1 to construct protection function modules to realize the necessary external inputs such as analog quantities and switch quantities;

[0068] Figure 3 Yes Figure 1 The protection function of the model is divided into functional modules. The necessary analog inputs UA, UB, UC, IA, IB, IC, 3I0, digital inputs TWJA, TWJB, TWJC, impedance protection function pressure plate, etc. are required to build the impedance protection sub-module.

[0069] The external inputs constructed in S31 serve as analog inputs UA, UB, UC, IA, IB, IC, and 3I0 for impedance protection electrical inputs, and digital inputs TWJA, TWJB, and TWJC for auxiliary information to determine hand-closing and reclosing acceleration in impedance protection. The impedance protection function pressure plate determines the input / output status of the impedance protection function.

[0070] S32: Based on the various operating modes of actual applications of electrical quantity relay protection, construct the protection function module with function activation / deactivation control function and soft / hard pressure plates and setting values, etc., according to the inputs described in S31;

[0071] Taking impedance protection as an example, for Figure 3 The protection function module, which constructs the function activation / deactivation control function, and the logic of the soft and hard pressure plates and setpoints, is specifically as follows:

[0072] When both the soft and hard impedance protection plates are engaged, and the corresponding impedance protection control word is set to "1", the impedance protection is engaged. At this time, the impedance protection will work according to the impedance value, impedance sensitivity angle, and impedance action delay set in the setting list. When a fault occurs in the system, it will determine whether the fault point is within its protection range.

[0073] The role of the logic constructed in S32 in S33 is that, when a single-phase ground fault occurs in the system, for line protection of voltage level of 220kV and above, when the impedance protection meets the operating conditions, the protection action behavior still needs to be determined according to the actual operating conditions, whether to trip only the faulty phase or directly trip all three phases.

[0074] S33: Based on the logic constructed in S32, analyze and construct the influencing factors between the protection action behavior of the protection function module and other functional sub-modules, thus completing the modeling of the associated influencing factors of the protection function.

[0075] against Figure 3 The tripping behavior of the protection function module is influenced by factors such as whether it is activated, whether the reclosing circuit is fully charged, and whether the device has any abnormal alarms.

[0076] When the switch is in the open position or the reclosing circuit is not fully charged, for line protection of voltage level 220kV and above, the protection will directly trip three times when the operating conditions are met; when the protection device reports PT disconnection before the fault, the impedance protection will be automatically blocked; when there is CT disconnection before the fault, the impedance stage 1 protection will be blocked, and the impedance stage 2 and 3 protection will not be blocked by CT disconnection alarm.

[0077] S4: Based on S1-S3, perform topological correlation analysis to achieve intelligent monitoring of the power secondary system.

[0078] The relevant external influencing factors of the electrical quantity relay protection system are constructed (these external influencing factors refer to the primary equipment in S41-S44 being in a state of shutdown or maintenance, such as busbar disconnection) and combined with the influencing factors such as the primary system mode and protection operation status (these influencing factors refer to the protection being considered out of operation when the busbar disconnection is open or the protection device maintenance pressure plate is engaged in S41-S44). The collected information (the collected information refers to S43 below, when the protection is in operation, using the same source comparison technology to check the consistency of the analog and digital inputs of the electrical quantity relay protection. If the consistency check is met, the data is deemed valid; otherwise, the data is invalid and an alarm message is generated) is analyzed for data quality and status.

[0079] That is, obtained through S1-S3 Figures 1-3 Then, when executing S4, if the object protected by the protection device is running and the protection device is also running, the graph analysis of S1-S3 will be performed again to achieve relevant guidance.

[0080] S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0081] S41: According to the information classification and transmission method of the plant, the status of the protection and maintenance pressure plate and the position of the primary switch and disconnector can be obtained through the operation and maintenance substation and the main station SCADA system respectively;

[0082] S42: The protection operation mode (such as operation, shutdown, maintenance) can be comprehensively determined based on the status of the protection maintenance pressure plate and the positions of switches and disconnectors obtained from S41;

[0083] The relationship between the condition of the maintenance pressure plate, the position of the switch and disconnector, and the protection operation mode is as follows:

[0084] First operation: Busbar disconnect switch engaged, circuit breaker closed;

[0085] One-time exit: Circuit breaker open position;

[0086] First maintenance: circuit breaker open, busbar disconnect switch open, grounding disconnect switch closed;

[0087] Protection operation: Maintenance pressure plate deactivated, functional pressure plate activated;

[0088] Protection Exit: Function pressure plate exit;

[0089] Protection and maintenance: Maintenance pressure plate put into operation.

[0090] S43: When S42 determines that the protection is in operation, it uses the same source comparison technology to check the consistency of the analog input and switch input of the electrical quantity relay protection. If the consistency check is met, the data is deemed valid; otherwise, the data is invalid and an alarm message is generated.

[0091] For example, in the case of dual protection systems, under normal circumstances, the magnitude of the analog input and the status of the digital input of systems A and B should be consistent. When the circuit is abnormal, the information collected by the dual protection systems will be different, the data will be invalid, and alarm information will be generated.

[0092] S44: Based on S42 and S43, perform topological correlation analysis according to S1-S3. For protection equipment in operation, analyze the abnormal self-test function, alarm generation mechanism, and handling method of the relay protection device. Combine the setting comparison technology and the validity of input data to comprehensively judge the cause of device abnormality and propose an abnormal handling plan.

[0093] For example, the PT disconnection alarm generation mechanism for 220kV line protection is as follows:

[0094] PT disconnection detection

[0095] The device has two criteria for detecting PT disconnection. Both criteria have a time delay and are only activated when the line is running normally and the starting element is not activated. Once the starting element is activated, the PT disconnection detection stops immediately and resumes only after the entire group is reset.

[0096] Criterion 1) is: The sum of the three-phase voltages is not zero.

[0097] U a +U b +U c >7V (RMS)

[0098] This criterion can be used to detect single-phase or two-phase open circuits.

[0099] Criterion 2) is: when PT is on the bus, if |U a |、|U b |and|U c If any phase voltage is less than 8V, it is determined that the PT is disconnected.

[0100] When the PT is on the line, if the current in any phase is greater than 0.04 times the rated current or the circuit breaker is in the closed position (trip detection position activated), if |U a |、|U b |and|U c If any phase voltage is less than 8V, it is judged as a PT disconnection alarm.

[0101] The additional current condition in criterion 2) is to prevent false alarms before the circuit breaker closes when the PT is on the line side. Setting the condition for the circuit breaker to be in the closed position is to prevent the three-phase undervoltage from failing to alarm when the current is too small (e.g., the opposite side is not closed).

[0102] After a PT disconnection, a "PT disconnection" alarm will be reported. Under the condition of PT disconnection, all distance elements and negative sequence directional elements will be deactivated. Zero-sequence current stage III protection and zero-sequence inverse time overcurrent protection will remain active, automatically deactivating their directional protections. Other directional zero-sequence protections will be deactivated. The longitudinal current differential protection is unaffected by the PT disconnection and can continue to operate. The device will continue to monitor the PT voltage, and once the voltage returns to normal, all elements will automatically reactivate.

[0103] The setting comparison involves the system calling up the setting list of the protection device and comparing it item by item with the standard setting list (manually entered or obtained from the setting setting system through an interface).

[0104] Examples of causes and handling procedures for equipment malfunctions are as follows:

[0105] Taking a PT (Pressure Transmission Unit) disconnection as an example, in a normal system with balanced three-phase voltage, when the protection device reports "PT disconnection," possible causes include abnormal analog sensor components, loose terminal block wiring, poor contact of terminal block connecting pieces, and abnormal voltage switching circuit. The handling plan must correspond to the actual fault point. For example, if the analog sensor components are abnormal, an application must be made to remove the protection device and replace the analog input module. After replacing the module, the analog signal acquisition must be verified to be normal before the device can be put back into operation.

[0106] In practice, the abnormal handling measures provided in the daily operation and maintenance manual and the product manual can be used as a reference.

[0107] S4 also includes forming an anomaly handling expert database based on anomaly handling measures and establishing a related graph topology.

[0108] This invention identifies that both the protected object and the protective device are in operation via S4. If an anomaly occurs, topological correlation analysis should be performed according to S1-S3 to provide an analysis of the cause of the anomaly and recommendations for handling it. This effectively distinguishes between abnormal alarms caused by routine maintenance and troubleshooting of protective devices.

[0109] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs, comprising:

[0110] The graphical model construction module is used to structurally decompose electrical quantity relay protection devices according to the protection object category, protection function, and device input and output, and construct a graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device.

[0111] The topology construction module is used to construct external extended related topology relationships for the secondary realization loops of input quantities in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection devices.

[0112] The influencing factor construction module is used to model the associated influencing factors of the protection function in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device, so as to further decompose the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device into a structured form.

[0113] The intelligent monitoring module is used to perform topological correlation analysis based on the graph model construction module, topological relationship construction module, and influencing factor construction module to realize intelligent monitoring of the power secondary system.

[0114] A terminal includes a processor and a storage medium; the storage medium is used to store instructions.

[0115] The processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to execute the steps of the method.

[0116] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method.

[0117] The beneficial effects of this invention are compared with those of the prior art:

[0118] This invention, based on the configuration of power grid relay protection functions, relay protection anomaly alarm mechanisms, relay protection system structure, and connections between secondary circuits, employs knowledge graph topology association technology to graphically associate secondary system circuits, influencing factors of relay protection function modules, device self-test anomaly identification, operational setting correctness comparison, primary and secondary system equipment mapping, primary and secondary operation mode identification, and typical anomaly handling schemes. This enables relay protection maintenance personnel to diagnose anomalies during inspections, quickly analyze the impact of anomalies, locate anomalies, and provide anomaly handling measures. It can effectively identify abnormal signals during operation / shutdown / maintenance, effectively extract abnormal information from normally operating relay protection, assist maintenance personnel in identifying signals affecting the safe and stable operation of the power grid, analyze the causes of specific anomalies, identify possible fault points causing the anomalies, and provide corresponding anomaly handling schemes, effectively providing technical support for equipment maintenance.

[0119] This disclosure can be a system, method, and / or computer program product. A computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions loaded thereon for causing a processor to implement various aspects of this disclosure.

[0120] Computer-readable storage media can be tangible devices capable of holding and storing instructions for use by an instruction execution device. Computer-readable storage media can be, for example—but not limited to—electrical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital multifunction disc (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical encoding devices, such as punch cards or recessed protrusions storing instructions thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. The computer-readable storage media used herein are not to be construed as transient signals themselves, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.

[0121] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from computer-readable storage media to various computing / processing devices, or downloaded via a network, such as the Internet, local area network, wide area network, and / or wireless network, to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to the computer-readable storage media in the respective computing / processing device.

[0122] Computer program instructions used to perform the operations of this disclosure may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (SPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs), is personalized by utilizing the status information of the computer-readable program instructions to implement various aspects of this disclosure.

[0123] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A knowledge graph-based intelligent monitoring method for power secondary systems, characterized in that, The method includes the following: S1: The electrical quantity relay protection device is structurally decomposed according to the protection object category, protection function and device input and output, and a graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device is constructed. S2: Construct external extended related topology relationships for the secondary realization loops of the input quantities in the graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device, specifically including the following steps: S21: Establish graph elements according to the specific protected object, voltage level, primary wiring method, and applicable scenario of the electrical quantity relay protection device, and form the input quantity relationship of the electrical quantity relay protection device graph model to reflect its circuit connection and the associated topology relationship with the primary equipment. S22: Utilizing the primary and secondary mapping relationship of relay protection and the primary system connection topology, combined with SCD and standardized design documents, construct the loop topology with adjacent secondary equipment to form the connection topology relationship between the input quantity and the output of the relevant secondary equipment in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device; S23: According to the standardized design documents, establish the loop connection topology between the topology obtained in S21 and the topology obtained in S22, and complete the construction of the external extension related topology of the input quantity secondary realization loop in the graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device; S3: Model the influencing factors of protection functions in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection devices to further decompose the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection devices into a structured form. This includes the following steps: S31: Modularize the protection functions in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device, and construct protection function modules to realize the required analog and digital inputs; S32: Based on the various operating modes of electrical quantity relay protection in actual applications, construct the protection function module activation / deactivation control and soft / hard pressure plates and setting logic based on the inputs described in S31; S33: Based on the logic constructed in S32, analyze and construct a model of factors affecting the protective action behavior of the protection function module, thus completing the modeling of the related influencing factors of the protection function; S4: Based on S1-S3, perform topological correlation analysis to achieve intelligent monitoring of the power secondary system, specifically including the following steps: S41: Obtain the status of protection pressure plates and the positions of circuit breakers and disconnectors through the operation and maintenance substation and the main station SCADA system; S42: Determine the protection operation mode based on the status of the protection pressure plate and the positions of the circuit breaker and disconnector; S43: When S42 determines that the protection is in operation, it uses the same source comparison to check the consistency of the analog input and switch input of the electrical quantity relay protection. If the consistency check is met, the data is deemed valid; otherwise, the data is invalid and an alarm message is generated. S44: For protection equipment in operation, by analyzing the abnormal self-test function, alarm generation mechanism, and handling method of the relay protection device, and combining the validity of input data with the setting value comparison technology, topological correlation analysis is performed based on S1-S3 to comprehensively judge the cause of device abnormality and propose an abnormal handling plan.

2. The intelligent monitoring method for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the electrical quantity relay protection device is classified into protection object categories, and the protection functions and device inputs and outputs corresponding to the protection object categories are analyzed. This achieves a structured decomposition according to the protection object category, protection function, and device inputs and outputs, and constructs a corresponding graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device. The electrical quantity relay protection devices are classified into high-voltage and low-voltage line protection, main transformer protection, busbar protection, and high-resistance protection. The graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device includes the protection functions corresponding to the categories of protected objects, as well as the device's inputs and outputs.

3. The intelligent monitoring method for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs according to claim 2, characterized in that: For high-voltage line protection, its protection functions include longitudinal differential protection, impedance protection, and zero-sequence overcurrent protection. The device's inputs include analog and digital inputs. Analog inputs include three-phase voltage, synchronous voltage, three-phase current, and zero-sequence current. Digital inputs include circuit breaker three-phase trip, reclosing lockout, low gas pressure reclosing lockout, remote transmission, and other protection actions. The device's outputs include protection trip, reclosing, start failure, protection action signals, protection alarm signals, and device lockout signals.

4. The intelligent monitoring method for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs according to claim 1, characterized in that: Regarding impedance protection, the function enabling / disabling control, soft and hard pressure plates, and setting logic are specifically as follows: When both the soft and hard impedance protection plates are engaged, and the corresponding impedance protection control word is set to "1", the impedance protection is in the engaged state. At this time, the impedance protection works according to the impedance value, impedance sensitivity angle, and impedance action delay set in the setting list, and determines whether the fault point is within its protection range when a fault occurs.

5. The intelligent monitoring method for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S42, if the busbar disconnect switch is engaged and the circuit breaker is closed, it indicates a single operation. If the circuit breaker is open, it indicates a single operation is discontinued. If the circuit breaker is open, the busbar disconnect switch is opened, and the grounding disconnect switch is closed, it indicates a single maintenance operation. If the maintenance switch is discontinued and the function switch is engaged, it indicates protection operation. If the function switch is discontinued, it indicates protection is discontinued. If the maintenance switch is engaged, it indicates protection maintenance.

6. The intelligent monitoring method for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The setting comparison technology refers to comparing the effective setting list of the protection device with the standard setting list item by item.

7. The intelligent monitoring method for power secondary systems based on knowledge graphs according to claim 1, characterized in that: S4 also includes forming an anomaly handling expert database based on anomaly handling measures and establishing a related graph topology.

8. An intelligent monitoring system for a power secondary system based on a knowledge graph, implemented using the method described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The system includes: The graphical model construction module is used to structurally decompose electrical quantity relay protection devices according to the protection object category, protection function, and device input and output, and construct a graphical model of the electrical quantity relay protection device. The topology construction module is used to construct external extended related topology relationships for the secondary realization loops of input quantities in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection devices. The influencing factor construction module is used to model the associated influencing factors of the protection function in the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device, so as to further decompose the graphical model of electrical quantity relay protection device into a structured form. The intelligent monitoring module is used to perform topological correlation analysis based on the graph model construction module, topological relationship construction module, and influencing factor construction module to realize intelligent monitoring of the power secondary system.

9. A terminal, comprising a processor and a storage medium; characterized in that: The storage medium is used to store instructions; The processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the program implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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