An automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor of laterite nickel ore

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of automatic descaling systems for laterite nickel ore high-pressure reaction kettle, including high-pressure reaction kettle, multiple stirring devices, multiple detection devices, descaling component, high-pressure reaction kettle is equipped with feed end and discharge end at both ends, multiple partitions are sequentially arranged in high-pressure reaction kettle along material flow direction, multiple partitions are separated to form multiple compartments in the cavity in high-pressure reaction kettle, and any two adjacent compartments are communicated;Multiple stirring devices are correspondingly arranged in multiple compartments;Multiple detection devices are correspondingly arranged in multiple compartments;Descale component includes acid storage tank, multiple first connecting pipelines, multiple first regulating valves, multiple first connecting pipelines are communicated with multiple compartments, first connecting pipeline is communicated with acid storage tank, and multiple first regulating valves are correspondingly arranged in multiple first connecting pipelines.The present application finely adjusts the amount of injected acid according to the thickness of the scale, not only achieves good descaling effect, but also correspondingly reduces the amount of acid, reduces the production cost of enterprise.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-pressure leaching equipment for laterite nickel ore, and more particularly to an automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the hydrometallurgical process for laterite nickel ore, slurry, sulfuric acid, and steam are typically injected into a high-pressure reactor for smelting to extract nickel and cobalt. After operation, scale, mainly composed of iron and aluminum, forms on the inner wall of the high-pressure reactor. When the scale buildup is significant, it needs to be removed promptly using acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid to avoid affecting the operation of the high-pressure reactor.

[0003] Patent CN112024551A discloses a reactor cleaning and descaling system, comprising a cleaning tank connected to the inlet of the reactor via a pipeline; an acidic cleaning solution container and an alkaline cleaning solution container connected to the cleaning tank via pipelines, with a first solenoid valve and a second solenoid valve connected to each pipeline respectively; a pH value monitor probe placed inside the reactor; a programmable controller electrically connected to the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, and the pH value monitor; a cleaning pump connected to the pipeline between the cleaning tank and the reactor; an acid-base neutralization device connected to the outlet of the reactor via a pipeline; and a water filter connected to the cleaning tank and the acid-base neutralization device via pipelines.

[0004] High-pressure reactors typically have multiple compartments connected in sequence. Slurry, sulfuric acid, and steam enter each compartment sequentially, resulting in varying thicknesses of scale buildup in each compartment. However, the existing technology mentioned above only injects acidic cleaning solution through the reactor inlet, failing to perform targeted descaling based on the different thicknesses of scale buildup in different compartments. This leads to a waste of acid and increases production costs for enterprises. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide an automatic descaling system for high-pressure reactors of laterite nickel ore to solve the technical problem that the existing technology only injects acidic cleaning solution through the inlet of the reactor, which cannot perform targeted descaling according to the different thicknesses of scale in different compartments, resulting in waste of acid and increased production costs for enterprises.

[0006] This invention provides an automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor used in laterite nickel ore production. The automatic descaling system for the high-pressure reactor used in laterite nickel ore production includes:

[0007] A high-pressure reactor is provided with a feed end and a discharge end at opposite ends. Multiple baffles are arranged sequentially inside the high-pressure reactor along the material flow direction. The multiple baffles divide the cavity inside the high-pressure reactor into multiple compartments, and any two adjacent compartments are connected.

[0008] Multiple stirring devices are provided, and each stirring device corresponds to one of the multiple compartments, with each stirring device located in the corresponding compartment.

[0009] Multiple detection devices are provided, each of which corresponds to one of the multiple compartments. Each detection device is located in the corresponding compartment and is used to detect the thickness of the scale buildup in the compartment.

[0010] The descaling assembly includes an acid storage tank, multiple first connecting pipes, and multiple first regulating valves. The multiple first connecting pipes are connected to multiple compartments in a one-to-one correspondence. Each first connecting pipe is connected to the acid storage tank. The acid storage tank is used to input acid solution into the corresponding compartment through each first connecting pipe to dissolve the scale. The multiple first regulating valves are correspondingly provided on the multiple first connecting pipes. The first regulating valves are used to regulate the flow rate of the corresponding first connecting pipe.

[0011] A control device is electrically connected to a plurality of the stirring devices, a plurality of the detection devices, and a plurality of the first regulating valves, so that the control device controls the corresponding stirring device and the first regulating valve to operate according to the detection results of the detection devices.

[0012] Optionally, the stirring device includes a rotating shaft and a drive motor. The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the top of the corresponding compartment along a vertical axis, and its upper end extends out of the compartment. A stirring paddle is provided around the circumference of the rotating shaft. The drive motor is connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft through a transmission assembly to drive the rotating shaft to rotate.

[0013] Optionally, the transmission assembly includes a driving gear, a gear set, and a driven gear. The driving gear is mounted on the main shaft of the drive motor, the driven gear is mounted on the rotating shaft, and the driving gear meshes with the driven gear through the gear set.

[0014] Optionally, the rotating shaft is provided with a first flow channel extending along its axial direction and a plurality of first acid spray holes communicating with the first flow channel. The plurality of first acid spray holes are spaced apart along its axial direction, and the upper end of the first flow channel is connected to the corresponding first connecting pipe.

[0015] Optionally, the first acid spray hole is tapered along the acid flow direction; and / or,

[0016] The first acid spray hole is set at a gradually downward angle along the direction of acid flow.

[0017] Optionally, a plurality of the first acid spray holes constitute a first acid spray hole group, and the first acid spray hole group is provided in multiple ways, with the plurality of first acid spray hole groups arranged at intervals along the circumference of the rotating shaft.

[0018] Optionally, the stirring device further includes a sleeve adapted to the rotating shaft. The sleeve is slidably installed on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft in a vertical direction. The sleeve has multiple through holes, which are spaced apart along the axial direction of the sleeve, so as to have a conducting state in which the multiple through holes are vertically downward and connected to the multiple first acid spray holes in a one-to-one correspondence, and a closed state in which the multiple through holes are vertically upward and staggered from the multiple first acid spray holes.

[0019] Optionally, the outer circumference of the rotating shaft is provided with an annular mounting groove, the upper end of the sleeve is slidably installed in the mounting groove, and the sleeve is sealed to the mounting groove. The side wall of the mounting groove is also provided with a connecting hole communicating with the first flow channel. The connecting hole is located near the bottom of the mounting groove so that when the connecting pipe injects acid into the first flow channel, the acid enters the mounting groove from the connecting hole, thereby driving the sleeve to move vertically downwards to be in the conducting state.

[0020] The stirring device also includes an elastic element, the two ends of which are connected to the lower end of the sleeve and the rotating shaft, respectively. The elastic element is used to drive the sleeve to move vertically upward to be in the closed state.

[0021] Optionally, the stirring device further includes a stirring rod assembly, which includes multiple stirring rods arranged at intervals along the circumference of the rotating shaft. Each stirring rod is provided with a second flow channel and multiple second acid spray holes communicating with the second flow channel. The second flow channel communicates with the first flow channel, and the second acid spray holes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the stirring rod.

[0022] Optionally, multiple stirring rod assemblies are provided, and the multiple stirring rod assemblies are spaced apart from top to bottom, and the length of the stirring rods in the multiple stirring rod assemblies gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0023] Optionally, the descaling assembly further includes a water storage tank, a plurality of second connecting pipes, and a plurality of second regulating valves. The plurality of second connecting pipes are connected to the plurality of compartments in a one-to-one correspondence. Each second connecting pipe is connected to the water storage tank. The water storage tank is used to input water into the corresponding compartment through each of the second connecting pipes to dilute the acid solution. The plurality of second regulating valves are respectively provided on the plurality of second connecting pipes. The second regulating valves are used to regulate the flow rate of the corresponding second connecting pipes. The plurality of second regulating valves are electrically connected to the control device to control the operation of the second regulating valves.

[0024] Optionally, the descaling assembly further includes multiple mixing tanks, each of which corresponds to one of the multiple compartments. The corresponding first connecting pipe and second connecting pipe are connected to the corresponding mixing tank, and the mixing tank is connected to the corresponding compartment.

[0025] Optionally, the descaling assembly further includes a plurality of first flow meters and a plurality of second flow meters. The plurality of first flow meters are respectively disposed in a plurality of first connecting pipes, and the first flow meters are used to detect the flow rate in the corresponding first connecting pipe. The plurality of second flow meters are respectively disposed in a plurality of second connecting pipes, and the second flow meters are used to detect the flow rate in the corresponding second connecting pipe. The plurality of first flow meters and the plurality of second flow meters are all electrically connected to the control device.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore provided by the present invention has a feed end and a discharge end at opposite ends of the high-pressure reactor. Multiple baffles are sequentially arranged inside the high-pressure reactor along the material flow direction, dividing the reactor cavity into multiple compartments, with any two adjacent compartments connected. Multiple stirring devices are correspondingly arranged in each of the multiple compartments. Multiple detection devices are correspondingly arranged in each of the multiple compartments to detect the thickness of scale buildup within the compartments. Multiple first connecting pipes are correspondingly connected to each of the multiple compartments, and each first connecting pipe is connected to an acid storage tank. The acid storage tank is used to input acid solution into the corresponding compartment through each first connecting pipe to dissolve the scale. Multiple first regulating valves are correspondingly arranged in each of the multiple first connecting pipes to regulate the flow rate of the corresponding first connecting pipe. In specific use, the detection devices first detect the thickness of scale buildup in each compartment. When the scale buildup in multiple compartments... Once most of the scale reaches the set thickness, the injection of slurry into the high-pressure reactor is stopped. Acid is then injected into each compartment through the acid storage tank and the first connecting pipe to dissolve the scale. A first regulating valve, located on the first connecting pipe, controls the amount of acid entering the compartment. The amount of acid injected is determined based on the different scale thicknesses. When the scale is thick, the corresponding first regulating valve can be controlled to increase the amount of acid entering that compartment; when the scale is thin, the corresponding first regulating valve can be controlled to decrease the amount of acid entering that compartment. Simultaneously, the stirring assembly is activated to accelerate the flow of acid within the compartment, improving descaling efficiency. This setup, by precisely adjusting the amount of injected acid according to the scale thickness, not only achieves a better descaling effect but also reduces the amount of acid used, lowering the company's production costs. Furthermore, the simultaneous injection of acid through multiple first connecting pipes accelerates the reaction rate and shortens the descaling time.

[0027] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments of the present invention are given in detail in the following embodiments and their accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of a medium- and high-pressure reactor;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial sectional view of the central shaft section, in which the sleeve is in a conductive state;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial sectional view of another part of the central axis;

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A partial sectional view of another part of the central axis.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0035] 1-High-pressure reactor, 11-Baffle plate, 12-Compartment, 121-First reactor compartment, 122-Second reactor compartment, 123-Third reactor compartment, 124-Fourth reactor compartment, 125-Fifth reactor compartment, 13-Feed end, 14-Discharge end, 2-Stirring device, 21-Rotating shaft, 211-First flow channel, 212-First acid spray hole, 213-Mounting groove, 214-Connecting hole, 22-Sleeve, 221-Through hole, 23-Elastic element, 24-Stirring paddle, 3-Descaling assembly, 31-Acid storage tank, 32-First connecting pipe, 33-First regulating valve, 34-First flow meter, 35-Second connecting pipe, 36-Second regulating valve, 37-Second flow meter, 38-Water storage tank, 39-Mixing tank. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0037] Please see Figures 1 to 5 The automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor used in laterite nickel ore production includes a high-pressure reactor 1, multiple stirring devices 2, multiple detection devices, a descaling assembly 3, and a control device. The high-pressure reactor 1 has a feed end 13 and a discharge end 14 at opposite ends. Multiple baffles 11 are sequentially arranged inside the high-pressure reactor 1 along the material flow direction, dividing the interior of the reactor 1 into multiple compartments 12, with any two adjacent compartments 12 connected. Each stirring device 2 corresponds to one of the compartments 12, and each stirring device 2 is located within its corresponding compartment 12. Each detection device is used to detect the thickness of the scale buildup within the compartment 12. The descaling assembly... Component 3 includes an acid storage tank 31, a plurality of first connecting pipes 32, and a plurality of first regulating valves 33. The plurality of first connecting pipes 32 are connected to a plurality of compartments 12 in a one-to-one correspondence. Each first connecting pipe 32 is connected to the acid storage tank 31. The acid storage tank 31 is used to input acid solution into the corresponding compartment 12 through each of the first connecting pipes 32 to dissolve scale. The plurality of first regulating valves 33 are respectively provided on the plurality of first connecting pipes 32. The first regulating valves 33 are used to regulate the flow rate of the corresponding first connecting pipe 32. The control device is electrically connected to a plurality of stirring devices 2, a plurality of detection devices, and a plurality of first regulating valves 33, so that according to the detection results of the detection devices, the control device controls the operation of the corresponding stirring devices 2 and the first regulating valves 33.

[0038] The present invention provides an automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore. The high-pressure reactor 1 has a feed end 13 and a discharge end 14 at opposite ends. Multiple baffles 11 are sequentially arranged inside the high-pressure reactor 1 along the material flow direction, dividing the cavity into multiple compartments 12, with any two adjacent compartments 12 connected. Multiple stirring devices 2 are correspondingly arranged within the multiple compartments 12. Multiple detection devices are also correspondingly arranged within the multiple compartments 12, and these detection devices are used to detect the contents of each compartment 12. The thickness of the scale inside compartment 2 is measured. Multiple first connecting pipes 32 are connected one-to-one with multiple compartments 12. Each first connecting pipe 32 is connected to an acid storage tank 31. The acid storage tank 31 is used to input acid solution into the corresponding compartment 12 through each first connecting pipe 32 to dissolve the scale. Multiple first regulating valves 33 are correspondingly installed on each of the multiple first connecting pipes 32. The first regulating valves 33 are used to regulate the flow rate of the corresponding first connecting pipe 32. In actual use, the detection device first detects the thickness of the scale in each compartment 12. When multiple compartments... Once most of the scale in compartment 12 reaches the set thickness, the injection of slurry into the high-pressure reactor 1 is stopped. Then, acid is injected into each compartment 12 through the acid storage tank 31 and the first connecting pipe 32 to dissolve the scale in the compartment 12. A first regulating valve 33 is located on the first connecting pipe 32 to control the amount of acid entering the compartment 12. The amount of acid injected is determined according to the different scale thicknesses. When the scale is thick, the corresponding first regulating valve 33 can be controlled to increase the amount of acid entering that compartment 12. During the hour, the corresponding first regulating valve 33 can be controlled to reduce the amount of acid entering the compartment 12. At the same time as the acid is injected, the stirring component is started to accelerate the flow of acid in the compartment 12 and improve the descaling efficiency. With this setting, the amount of acid injected can be precisely adjusted according to the thickness of the scale, which not only achieves a better descaling effect, but also reduces the amount of acid used, thereby reducing the production cost of the enterprise. Furthermore, the simultaneous injection of acid through multiple first connecting pipes 32 accelerates the reaction rate and shortens the descaling time.

[0039] Furthermore, the feed end 13 is provided with a slurry inlet, a steam inlet, and an acid inlet. The slurry inlet, the steam inlet, and the acid inlet are all connected to the compartment 12 located at the discharge end 14 of the plurality of compartments 12. Slurry, steam, and acid solution that reacts with the slurry are injected into the high-pressure reactor 1 through the slurry inlet, the steam inlet, and the acid inlet. The discharge end 14 is provided with a discharge port, which is connected to the compartment 12 located at the discharge end 14 of the plurality of compartments 12. The discharge port is used to discharge the slag and solution after the reaction.

[0040] Furthermore, in this embodiment, four partitions 11 are provided, which divide the cavity inside the high-pressure reactor 1 into five compartments 12. The five compartments 12 are sequentially arranged along the material flow direction as the first reactor compartment 121, the second reactor compartment 122, the third reactor compartment 123, the fourth reactor compartment 124, and the fifth reactor compartment 125. The first reactor compartment 121 is located at the feed end 13 and is connected to the slurry inlet, the steam inlet, and the acid inlet. The fifth reactor compartment 125 is located at the discharge end 14 and is connected to the discharge port.

[0041] It is understandable that the first reactor compartment 121 is connected to the acid inlet, and this is where the entire high-pressure reactor 1 is injected, resulting in a faster flow rate in the first reactor compartment 121. Scale formation is less likely here, so scale accumulation in the first reactor compartment 121 is slower and the scale thickness is smaller. The second reactor compartment 122, being close to the first reactor compartment 121, experiences localized overheating and acidification, which can lead to Fe... 3+ And Al 3+ Excessive leaching leads to significant hydrolysis and precipitation, resulting in rapid and thick scale buildup in the second reactor compartment 122. The third and fourth reactor compartments, located in the middle, have scale buildup greater than that in the first reactor compartment 121 but less than that in the second reactor compartment 122. The fifth reactor compartment 125, being near the discharge end 14, experiences slower flow and easier particle deposition, leading to severe scaling. Therefore, the second and fifth reactor compartments 122 and 125 also exhibit significant scaling. A scale thickness range can be set to limit the scale buildup in the second and fifth reactor compartments. The detection values ​​of the detection devices in the five reactor compartments 125 are compared with the scale thickness range. When the detection value is less than the scale thickness range, it can be understood that the scale in the high-pressure reactor 1 is small and does not affect production, so production can continue. When the detection value is within the scale thickness range, it can be understood that the scale in the high-pressure reactor 1 is affecting production and needs to be stopped for descaling. After stopping the machine, the amount of acid solution entering each of the five compartments 12 is adjusted according to the specific scale thickness detected by the five detection devices to achieve precise descaling while reducing the amount of acid solution used. When the thickness in each of the five compartments 12 is within the qualified range as detected by the detection devices, the injection of acid solution into each compartment 12 can be stopped and production can be resumed.

[0042] Furthermore, since the dirt in the compartment 12 is mainly at the bottom of the compartment 12, in this embodiment, the detection device is located at the top of the compartment 12.

[0043] Furthermore, the specific form of the detection device is not limited, as long as it can detect the thickness of the deposits. In this embodiment, the detection device is an ultrasonic ranging sensor, which is positioned at the bottom of the compartment 12 to measure the distance between itself and the bottom of the compartment 12. Initially, the distance between the ultrasonic ranging sensor and the compartment 12 can be measured. As the compartment 12 continuously accumulates deposits, the value measured by the ultrasonic ranging sensor continuously decreases. The difference between the measured distance and the distance after the initial descaling is completed is the current thickness of the deposits in the compartment 12. Thus, the thickness of the deposits in the compartment 12 can be measured.

[0044] Furthermore, the specific form of the stirring device 2 is not limited. In this embodiment, the stirring device 2 includes a rotating shaft 21 and a drive motor. The rotating shaft 21 is rotatably mounted on the top of the corresponding compartment 12 along the vertical axis, and its upper end extends out of the compartment 12. A stirring paddle 24 is provided around the circumference of the rotating shaft 21. The drive motor is connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft 21 through a transmission assembly to drive the rotating shaft 21 to rotate.

[0045] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a driving gear, a gear set, and a driven gear. The driving gear is mounted on the main shaft of the drive motor, and the driven gear is mounted on the rotating shaft. The driving gear meshes with the driven gear through the gear set. This configuration increases the torque of the rotating shaft 21, reduces its rotational speed, and facilitates the connection between the first flow channel 211 and the first connecting pipe 32.

[0046] Furthermore, since the high-pressure reactor 1 operates in a high-pressure environment, and all of the first connecting pipes 32 are connected to the high-pressure reactor 1, in order to avoid opening too many holes in the high-pressure reactor 1, in this embodiment, the rotating shaft 21 is provided with a first flow channel 211 extending along its axial direction and a plurality of first acid spray holes 212 communicating with the first flow channel 211. The plurality of first acid spray holes 212 are spaced apart along its axial direction, and the upper end of the first flow channel 211 is connected to the corresponding first connecting pipe 32. In practical use, the acid in the acid storage tank 31 enters the first flow channel 211 through the first connecting pipe 32, and then is injected into the compartment 12 through the first acid spray hole 212. This arrangement avoids opening too many holes in the high-pressure reactor 1, which would affect its high-pressure environment. On the other hand, during descaling, the rotating shaft 21 also rotates, and there are multiple first acid spray holes 212. When the acid is sprayed out from the multiple first acid spray holes 212, due to the rotation of the rotating shaft 21 and the inertia, the acid can be sprayed evenly and over a large area in the compartment 12, thus improving the descaling rate.

[0047] Furthermore, the first connecting pipe 32 is connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft 21 via an adapter, meaning that the adapter can rotate relative to the rotating shaft 21. This arrangement prevents the first connecting pipe 32 from rotating with the rotating shaft 21.

[0048] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first acid spray hole 212 is gradually narrowed along the acid flow direction; this configuration can increase the flow velocity of the acid at the first acid spray hole 212, thereby making the acid spraying range wider.

[0049] Furthermore, since the scale buildup is mainly concentrated in the lower part of the compartment 12, in this embodiment, the first acid spray hole 212 is gradually inclined downward along the acid flow direction. This arrangement ensures that the sprayed acid is mainly concentrated in the lower half of the compartment 12 for descaling.

[0050] Furthermore, to improve the acid spraying efficiency, in this embodiment, multiple first acid spraying holes 212 constitute a first acid spraying hole group, and multiple first acid spraying hole groups are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the rotating shaft 21. That is, multiple first acid spraying holes 212 are arranged in an array along the radial and axial directions of the rotating shaft 21, thereby increasing the amount of acid injected.

[0051] Furthermore, during normal operation, the high-pressure reactor 1 injects slurry to react with acid. To prevent slag or solid particles in the slurry from clogging the first acid spray hole 212, in this embodiment, the stirring device 2 further includes a sleeve 22. The sleeve 22 is adapted to the rotating shaft 21. The sleeve 22 is slidably installed on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 21 in the vertical direction. The sleeve 22 is provided with multiple through holes 221. The multiple through holes 221 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the sleeve 22, so as to have a conducting state in which the multiple through holes 221 correspond one-to-one with the multiple first acid spray holes 212 when moving vertically downward, and a closed state in which the multiple through holes 221 are staggered with the multiple first acid spray holes 212 when moving vertically upward. Specifically, the number of the multiple through holes 221 is consistent with the number of the multiple first acid spray holes 212, and the through holes 221 and the first acid spray holes 212 are in the same vertical plane. When the sleeve 22 slides vertically downward, the through holes 221 can correspond to the first acid spray holes 212. At this time, the first acid spray holes 212 are in a conductive state and acid spraying can be performed. After the acid spraying is completed, the sleeve 22 is driven vertically upward to return to the initial position. At this time, the through holes 221 and the first acid spray holes 212 are misaligned, and the tube wall of the sleeve 22 blocks the first acid spray holes 212. In this way, the opening and closing of the first acid spray holes 212 is controlled by the vertical movement of the sleeve 22, avoiding the blockage of the first acid spray holes 212 by solid particles in the slag or slurry, and ensuring normal acid injection during descaling.

[0052] Furthermore, the specific movement of the sleeve 22 is not limited. In this embodiment, the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 21 is provided with an annular mounting groove 213. The upper end of the sleeve 22 is slidably installed in the mounting groove 213, and the sleeve 22 is sealed to the mounting groove 213. The side wall of the mounting groove 213 is also provided with a connecting hole 214 communicating with the first flow channel 211. The connecting hole 214 is located near the bottom of the mounting groove 213 so that when the connecting pipe injects acid into the first flow channel 211, the acid enters the mounting groove 213 from the connecting hole 214, thereby driving the sleeve 22 to move vertically downwards to be in the conducting state. The stirring device 2 also includes an elastic element 23. The two ends of the elastic element 23 are respectively connected to the lower end of the sleeve 22 and the rotating shaft 21. The elastic element 23 is used to drive the sleeve 22 to move vertically upwards to be in the closed state. Initially, the sleeve 22 is closed, and the first flow channel 211 is a sealed environment. When the first connecting pipe 32 injects acid into the first flow channel 211, the acid in the first flow channel 211 enters the mounting groove 213 through the connecting hole 214. As the acid is continuously injected, the pressure gradually increases, applying a downward force to the sleeve 22. When the force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 23, it will drive the sleeve 22 to move downward, entering the conducting state. Since the diameter of the first acid spray hole 212 is much smaller than... The diameter of the first flow channel 211 ensures that the acid in the first flow channel 211 is always at a high pressure, continuously applying a downward force to the sleeve 22, so that the sleeve 22 is always in the conducting state, achieving the purpose of spraying acid into the compartment 12 through the first acid spraying hole 212. When the first connecting pipe 32 stops injecting acid, the sleeve 22 moves vertically upward under the drive of the elastic element 23, returning to the initial position, that is, in the closed state. In this way, slag can be prevented from clogging the first acid spraying hole 212.

[0053] Furthermore, the stirring device 2 also includes a stirring rod assembly, which comprises multiple stirring rods spaced apart circumferentially along the rotating shaft 21. Each stirring rod has a second flow channel and multiple second acid spray holes communicating with the second flow channel. The second flow channel communicates with the first flow channel 211, and the second acid spray holes are spaced apart axially along the stirring rod. This arrangement increases the number of stirring rods, accelerates the flow of acid, and increases the amount of acid injected, thereby improving descaling efficiency.

[0054] Furthermore, the stirring rod assembly is provided in multiple ways, and the multiple stirring rod assemblies are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and the length of the stirring rod in the multiple stirring rod assemblies gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0055] Furthermore, since the acid in the acid storage tank 31 is a strong acid prepared in the acid preparation unit of the equipment system for preparing new energy nickel-cobalt-manganese raw materials from laterite nickel ore, the acid concentration is high. In the compartment 12 with a small scale thickness, the required amount of acid is small, which means that the acid cannot submerge most of the area of ​​the compartment 12, resulting in the scale not being completely removed. In this embodiment, the descaling component 3 also includes a water storage tank 38, multiple second connecting pipes 35, and multiple second regulating valves 36. The multiple second connecting pipes 35 are connected to the multiple compartments 12 one by one, and each second connecting pipe 35 is connected to the water storage tank 38. The water storage tank 38 is used to input water into the corresponding compartment 12 through each of the second connecting pipes 35 to dilute the acid. The multiple second regulating valves 36 are correspondingly provided on the multiple second connecting pipes 35. The second regulating valves 36 are used to regulate the flow rate of the corresponding second connecting pipes 35. The multiple second regulating valves 36 are all electrically connected to the control device to control the operation of the second regulating valves 36. With this configuration, a larger amount of water is injected into the compartment 12, which has a smaller acid injection volume. On the one hand, this dilutes the strong acid and increases the amount of liquid in the compartment 12, allowing most of the scale to be submerged in the acid and preventing incomplete scale removal. On the other hand, it allows the stirring paddle 24 and the stirring rod on the rotating shaft 21 to come into contact with the liquid, thereby accelerating the flow of the liquid.

[0056] Furthermore, to ensure that the water and strong acid are thoroughly and evenly mixed before being injected into the compartment 12, in this embodiment, the descaling assembly 3 also includes multiple mixing tanks 39. Each mixing tank 39 corresponds one-to-one with a compartment 12, and the corresponding first connecting pipe 32 and second connecting pipe 35 are connected to the corresponding mixing tank 39, which in turn is connected to the corresponding compartment 12. The strong acid and water are first mixed in the mixing tank 39 before being injected into the compartment 12, thus avoiding uneven mixing.

[0057] Furthermore, to facilitate the adjustment of the ratio of water to the strong acid, in this embodiment, the descaling component 3 further includes multiple first flow meters 34 and multiple second flow meters 37. The multiple first flow meters 34 are correspondingly installed in multiple first connecting pipes 32, and are used to detect the flow rate within their respective first connecting pipes 32. The multiple second flow meters 37 are correspondingly installed in multiple second connecting pipes 35, and are used to detect the flow rate within their respective second connecting pipes 35. All the multiple first flow meters 34 and multiple second flow meters 37 are electrically connected to the control device. The flow rates within the first connecting pipes 32 and second connecting pipes 35 can be monitored in real time using the first flow meters 34 and the second flow meters 37, allowing the control device to control the flow rates within the first connecting pipes 32 and second connecting pipes 35 through the first regulating valve 33 and the second regulating valve 36, resulting in more precise flow adjustments.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor used in laterite nickel ore production, characterized in that, It includes: A high-pressure reactor is provided with a feed end and a discharge end at opposite ends. Multiple baffles are arranged sequentially inside the high-pressure reactor along the material flow direction. The multiple baffles divide the cavity inside the high-pressure reactor into multiple compartments, and any two adjacent compartments are connected. Multiple stirring devices are provided, and each stirring device corresponds to one of the multiple compartments, with each stirring device located in the corresponding compartment. Multiple detection devices are provided, each of which corresponds to one of the multiple compartments. Each detection device is located in the corresponding compartment and is used to detect the thickness of the scale buildup in the compartment. The descaling assembly includes an acid storage tank, multiple first connecting pipes, and multiple first regulating valves. The multiple first connecting pipes are connected to multiple compartments in a one-to-one correspondence. Each first connecting pipe is connected to the acid storage tank. The acid storage tank is used to input acid solution into the corresponding compartment through each first connecting pipe to dissolve the scale. The multiple first regulating valves are correspondingly provided on the multiple first connecting pipes. The first regulating valves are used to regulate the flow rate of the corresponding first connecting pipe. A control device is electrically connected to a plurality of the stirring devices, a plurality of the detection devices, and a plurality of the first regulating valves, so that the control device controls the corresponding stirring device and the first regulating valve to operate according to the detection results of the detection devices; The stirring device includes a rotating shaft and a drive motor. The rotating shaft has a first flow channel extending along its axial direction and a plurality of first acid spray holes communicating with the first flow channel. The plurality of first acid spray holes are spaced apart along its axial direction. The upper end of the first flow channel is connected to a corresponding first connecting pipe. The stirring device also includes a sleeve adapted to the rotating shaft. The sleeve is slidably installed on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft in a vertical direction. The sleeve has a plurality of through holes spaced apart along the axial direction of the sleeve, so as to allow vertical downward movement to the plurality of through holes and the plurality of first acid spray holes. The acid spray holes correspond one-to-one to the conductive state and the closed state where they move vertically upwards to be offset from the multiple through holes and the multiple first acid spray holes. The outer circumference of the rotating shaft is provided with an annular mounting groove. The upper end of the sleeve is slidably installed in the mounting groove, and the sleeve is sealed to the mounting groove. The side wall of the mounting groove is also provided with a connecting hole that communicates with the first flow channel. The connecting hole is located near the bottom of the mounting groove so that when the connecting pipe injects acid into the first flow channel, the acid enters the mounting groove from the connecting hole, thereby driving the sleeve to move vertically downwards to be in the conductive state. The stirring device also includes an elastic element, the two ends of which are connected to the lower end of the sleeve and the rotating shaft, respectively. The elastic element is used to drive the sleeve to move vertically upward to be in the closed state.

2. The automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the top of the corresponding compartment along a vertical axis, with its upper end extending out of the compartment. A stirring paddle is provided around the circumference of the rotating shaft. The drive motor is connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft through a transmission assembly to drive the rotating shaft to rotate.

3. The automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first acid spray hole is tapered along the acid flow direction; and / or, The first acid spray hole is set to gradually slope downwards along the direction of acid flow.

4. The automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple first acid spray holes constitute a first acid spray hole group, and the first acid spray hole group is provided in multiple ways, and the multiple first acid spray hole groups are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the rotating shaft.

5. The automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore according to claim 2, characterized in that, The stirring device further includes a stirring rod assembly, which includes multiple stirring rods arranged at intervals along the circumference of the rotating shaft. Each stirring rod is provided with a second flow channel and multiple second acid spray holes communicating with the second flow channel. The second flow channel communicates with the first flow channel, and the second acid spray holes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the stirring rod.

6. The automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore according to claim 5, characterized in that, The stirring rod assembly is provided in multiple ways, and the multiple stirring rod assemblies are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and the length of the stirring rod in the multiple stirring rod assemblies gradually decreases from top to bottom.

7. The automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transmission assembly includes a driving gear, a gear set, and a driven gear. The driving gear is mounted on the main shaft of the drive motor, and the driven gear is mounted on the rotating shaft. The driving gear meshes with the driven gear through the gear set.

8. The automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The descaling assembly further includes a water storage tank, multiple second connecting pipes, and multiple second regulating valves. The multiple second connecting pipes are connected to the multiple compartments one by one, and each second connecting pipe is connected to the water storage tank. The water storage tank is used to input water into the corresponding compartment through each of the second connecting pipes to dilute the acid solution. The multiple second regulating valves are correspondingly located on the multiple second connecting pipes. The second regulating valves are used to regulate the flow rate of the corresponding second connecting pipes. The multiple second regulating valves are all electrically connected to the control device to control the operation of the second regulating valves.

9. The automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore according to claim 8, characterized in that, The descaling assembly also includes multiple mixing tanks, each of which corresponds to one of the multiple compartments. The corresponding first connecting pipe and second connecting pipe are connected to the corresponding mixing tank, and the mixing tank is connected to the corresponding compartment.

10. The automatic descaling system for a high-pressure reactor for laterite nickel ore according to claim 9, characterized in that, The descaling assembly also includes a plurality of first flow meters and a plurality of second flow meters. The plurality of first flow meters are respectively installed in a plurality of first connecting pipes. The first flow meters are used to detect the flow rate in the corresponding first connecting pipe. The plurality of second flow meters are respectively installed in a plurality of second connecting pipes. The second flow meters are used to detect the flow rate in the corresponding second connecting pipe. The plurality of first flow meters and the plurality of second flow meters are all electrically connected to the control device.

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