Planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits

Abstract

The present invention discloses a planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits, comprising the steps of (1) selecting and preparing a site: selecting a flat plot with fertile soil and convenient picking and drainage and irrigation, and digging planting holes after deep plowing, with deep trenches around the plot; (2) planting mulberry trees: selecting high-quality fruit mulberry seedlings for planting; (3) cultivating after planting: after the fruit mulberry seedlings germinate, selecting strong branches in different directions, and pinching the tops when the new shoots reach 35 to 45 cm in length; (4) parasitizing: adhering mistletoe seeds to the internodes of mulberry branches, and spraying foliar fertilizer after parasitizing; (5) water and fertilizer management; and (6) harvesting. The cultivation method of the present invention can meet the requirements of artificially cultivated host plants for mistletoe medicinal materials by using high-quality fruit mulberry trees as host plants for producing mistletoe, and realizes the development of a mulberry fruit specialty industry chain, integrating economic, ecological and social benefits; and the cultivation method is simple to operate, has low planting costs, and has good economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant host cultivation, and more particularly to a planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits. Background Art

[0002] Mistletoe, with its benefits of dispelling rheumatism, nourishing the liver and kidneys, strengthening bones and tendons, and supporting pregnancy, is a commonly used and widely used traditional Chinese medicinal herb. In addition to mulberry trees, its hosts include oak, maple, and peach. However, throughout history, mistletoe from mulberry trees has been the most widely used and recognized, even considered authentic and precious. Some mistletoe from other host plants, such as oleander, are harmful to humans. When parasitized on economic forests such as trees and fruit trees, it affects the host's growth, forcing its removal, significantly reducing wild resources. Artificial cultivation has become the only solution to its sustainable development.

[0003] Currently, the main mulberry trees that serve as hosts for mistletoe are leaf-bearing mulberry and wild mulberry. Leaf-bearing mulberry fruits contain many seeds and have a poor taste, making them unsuitable for direct consumption as fruit. Farmers often leave them unharvested, resulting in significant waste of mulberry fruit resources. Wild mulberry fruits, while palatable, are also wasted due to their small size, high labor costs, and low market demand. However, in recent years, the unique taste and flavor of these small berries have gradually gained popularity among consumers worldwide. Mulberries, a rising star among small berries, offer both food and medicinal uses, making them a high-quality fruit that combines nutrition and health benefits.

[0004] Therefore, how to use fruit mulberry to produce both moss parasites and mulberries simultaneously during the planting and cultivation process is a problem that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Site selection and preparation: Select a flat plot with deep soil, fertile soil, convenient harvesting and irrigation and drainage. After deep plowing, dig planting holes and dig deep trenches around them.

[0009] (2) Planting of mulberry trees: In spring and autumn, select high-quality mulberry seedlings that are more than one year old and place them in the planting holes. Fill the planting holes with fine soil. After planting, perform a short cut on the trunk 20-30 cm from the ground. This will help to promote the growth of new shoots and increase the number of branches, thus ensuring the tree is strong and produces normal fruits.

[0010] (3) Post-planting cultivation: After the mulberry seedlings in step (2) germinate, select 4 to 5 strong branches in different directions and pinch them when the new shoots reach 35 to 45 cm in length to promote faster sprouting of side branches. Pinch them 2 to 3 times continuously.

[0011] (4) Parasitism: From December of the second year to March of the following year, attach 3-5 mistletoe seeds to the internodes of the second side branches of 1-2 mulberry trees. After parasitism, spray foliar fertilizer and water to maintain the air humidity above 75% to accelerate the growth of mistletoe and improve the survival rate. When the mistletoe grows 2-3 leaves, keep one healthy mistletoe seed bud on each branch and remove the other seed buds.

[0012] (5) Water and fertilizer management: Apply germination fertilizer in spring and autumn every year. When the mulberry buds have 3 to 5 leaves, apply decomposed manure, biogas liquid, urea or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. Apply winter fertilizer in autumn, mainly using various organic fertilizers such as stable manure, soil and miscellaneous materials, and compost.

[0013] (6) Harvesting: Mulberries are harvested from April to June every year according to the maturity of the fruits. Mulberry parasites need to be planted for more than 3 years before they can be harvested.

[0014] Preferably, the size of the planting holes in step (1) is 30-40 cm × 30-40 cm, the hole distance is 1.0-1.3 m × 1.5-2.0 m, and the trench depth is 30-40 cm.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the mistletoe seeds are prepared by mixing fresh peeled mistletoe seeds with the stirring liquid in a ratio of W:V=1:30 using 0.70% sodium chloride solution as a stirring liquid, centrifuging and stirring the mixture on a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 2000 r / min for 20 minutes, and filtering the stirring liquid with a filter to obtain the mixture.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the pseudoradicle end of the mistletoe seed is tightly adhered to the epidermis of the branch of the host mulberry tree.

[0017] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in steps (2) to (4) is 0.15-0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1-0.25% urea.

[0018] Preferably, in the step (5), the amount of manure or biogas liquid in the germination fertilizer is 2.0-3.0 t / mu; the amount of urea is 10-15 kg / mu; the amount of compound fertilizer is 35-50 kg / mu; and the amount of winter fertilizer is 3.0-4.0 t / mu.

[0019] Preferably, in step (6), the mistletoe should be harvested by pruning from winter to the following spring, leaving the base to allow it to continue to germinate. Alternatively, the mistletoe and mulberry branches can be harvested together, with the harvesting location being 5 to 10 cm away from the main trunk of the mulberry tree, while also taking the shape of the tree into consideration. After the mulberry branches grow new branches, the thick branches should be retained for later inoculation with mistletoe seeds.

[0020] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits. The present invention uses high-quality fruit mulberries as host plants for producing mistletoe medicinal materials, thereby ensuring the "authenticity" of mistletoe and eliminating the need to plant additional host plants. The cultivation method is simple to operate, has low planting costs, and has good economic benefits. On the other hand, it realizes the development of a characteristic industrial chain of mulberries, a high-quality fruit that combines nutrition and health care, and has good economic, ecological and social benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits comprises the following steps:

[0024] (1) Site selection and overall: Select a flat plot with a deep top layer of soil, fertile soil, and convenient harvesting and irrigation and drainage. After deep plowing, the soil should be finely ground and leveled, and then 30 cm × 30 cm holes should be dug with a hole distance of 1.0 m × 1.5 m. Deep trenches should be dug around the field with a width of 30 cm.

[0025] (2) Mulberry tree planting: In spring and autumn, select high-quality mulberry seedlings that are more than one year old and place them in the planting holes. Fill the planting holes with fine soil. After planting, cut the tree trunks 20 cm above the ground.

[0026] (3) Cultivation after planting: After the mulberry seedlings in step (2) germinate, select four strong branches in different directions and pinch them when the length of the new shoots reaches 35 cm. Pinch them twice continuously;

[0027] (4) Parasitism: From December of the second year to March of the following year, attach three mistletoe seeds to the upper middle part of the second side branch of a mulberry tree. After parasitism, spray water every morning and evening. After three days, spray 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. After two days, spray 0.15% urea again to maintain the air humidity at 75%. When the mistletoe grows two leaves, keep one healthy mistletoe seed bud on one branch and remove the other seed buds.

[0028] (5) Water and fertilizer management: Apply germination fertilizer in spring and autumn every year. When the mulberry buds have grown to 3 leaves, apply 2.2 t / mu of decomposed manure and 13 kg / mu of urea. Apply winter fertilizer in autumn, mainly using various organic fertilizers such as stable manure, soil and miscellaneous materials, and compost, with an application rate of 3 t / mu.

[0029] (6) Harvesting: Mulberries are harvested from April to June every year according to the maturity of the fruits. Mulberry parasites need to be planted for more than 3 years before they can be harvested. From winter to the next spring, you can cut the branches of the mistletoe and keep the base to wait for it to continue to germinate. You can also harvest the mistletoe together with the mulberry branches. The collection point is 5 cm away from the main trunk of the mulberry tree. At the same time, you can also take into account the pruning of the tree shape. After the mulberry branches grow new branches, keep the thick branches so that they can be inoculated with mistletoe seeds later.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits comprises the following steps:

[0032] (1) Site selection and overall: Select a flat plot with a deep top layer of soil, fertile soil, and convenient harvesting and irrigation and drainage. After deep plowing, the soil should be finely ground and leveled, and then 35 cm × 35 cm holes should be dug with a hole distance of 1.2 m × 1.7 m. Deep trenches should be dug around the field with a width of 35 cm.

[0033] (2) Mulberry tree planting: In spring and autumn, select high-quality mulberry seedlings that are more than one year old and place them in the planting holes. Fill the planting holes with fine soil. After planting, cut the tree trunks 25 cm above the ground.

[0034] (3) Cultivation after planting: After the mulberry seedlings in step (2) germinate, select four strong branches in different directions and pinch them when the length of the new shoots reaches 40 cm. Pinch them three times continuously.

[0035] (4) Parasitism: From December of the second year to March of the following year, attach four mistletoe seeds to the middle of the second branch of the mulberry tree. After three days, spray 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. After another three days, spray 0.25% urea to maintain the air humidity at 85%. When the mistletoe grows three leaves, keep one healthy mistletoe seed bud on one branch and remove the others.

[0036] (5) Water and fertilizer management: Apply germination fertilizer in spring and autumn every year. When the mulberry buds have 5 leaves, apply 2.8 t / mu of biogas liquid, 15 kg / mu of urea, and 48 kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer. Apply winter fertilizer in autumn, mainly using various organic fertilizers such as stable manure, soil and miscellaneous materials, and compost, with an application rate of 4 t / mu.

[0037] (6) Harvesting: Mulberries are harvested from April to June every year according to the maturity of the fruit. Mulberry parasites need to be planted for more than 3 years before they can be harvested. From winter to the next spring, you can cut the branches of the mistletoe and keep the base to wait for it to continue to germinate. You can also harvest the mistletoe together with the mulberry branches. The collection point is 7 cm away from the main trunk of the mulberry tree. At the same time, you can also take into account the pruning of the tree shape. After the mulberry branches grow new branches, keep the thick branches so that they can be inoculated with mistletoe seeds later.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] A planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) Site selection and overall: Select a flat plot with a deep top layer of soil, fertile soil, and convenient harvesting and irrigation and drainage. After deep plowing, the soil should be finely ground and leveled, and then 40 cm × 40 cm holes should be dug with a hole distance of 1.0 m × 2 m. Deep trenches should be dug around the plot with a width of 35 cm.

[0041] (2) Mulberry tree planting: In spring and autumn, select high-quality mulberry seedlings that are more than one year old and place them in the planting holes. Fill the planting holes with fine soil. After planting, cut the tree trunks 20 cm above the ground.

[0042] (3) Cultivation after planting: After the mulberry seedlings in step (2) germinate, select 5 strong branches in different directions and pinch them when the length of the new shoots reaches 40 cm. Pinch them twice continuously;

[0043] (4) Parasitism: From December of the second year to March of the following year, attach three mistletoe seeds to the middle of the second branch. After three days, spray with 0.20% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and after two days, spray with 0.20% urea to maintain the air humidity at 80%. When the mistletoe grows three leaves, keep one healthy mistletoe seed bud on each branch and remove the other seed buds.

[0044] (5) Water and fertilizer management: Apply germination fertilizer in spring and autumn every year. When the mulberry buds have 5 leaves, apply 2.7 t / mu of decomposed manure, 15 kg / mu of urea, and 37 kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer. Apply winter fertilizer in autumn, mainly using various organic fertilizers such as stable manure, soil and miscellaneous materials, and compost, with an application rate of 3.5 t / mu.

[0045] (6) Harvesting: Mulberries are harvested from April to June every year according to the maturity of the fruits. Mulberry parasites need to be planted for more than 3 years before they can be harvested. From winter to the next spring, you can cut the branches of the mistletoe and keep the base to wait for it to continue to germinate. You can also harvest the mistletoe together with the mulberry branches. The collection point is 5 cm away from the main trunk of the mulberry tree. At the same time, you can also take into account the pruning of the tree shape. After the mulberry branches grow new branches, keep the thick branches so that they can be inoculated with mistletoe seeds later.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] A planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) Site selection and overall: Select a flat plot with a deep top layer of soil, fertile soil, and convenient harvesting and irrigation and drainage. After deep plowing, the soil should be finely ground and leveled, and then 40 cm × 40 cm holes should be dug with a hole distance of 1.3 m × 1.8 m. Deep trenches should be dug around the field with a width of 40 cm.

[0049] (2) Mulberry tree planting: In spring and autumn, select high-quality mulberry seedlings that are more than one year old and place them in the planting holes. Fill the planting holes with fine soil. After planting, cut the tree trunks 20 cm above the ground.

[0050] (3) Cultivation after planting: After the mulberry seedlings in step (2) germinate, select four strong branches in different directions and pinch them when the length of the new shoots reaches 45 cm. Pinch them three times continuously.

[0051] (4) Parasitism: From December of the second year to March of the following year, attach five mistletoe seeds to the middle and lower part of a second side branch. After three days, spray 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and after two days, spray 0.10% urea to maintain the air humidity at 90%. When the mistletoe grows three leaves, keep one healthy mistletoe seed bud on one branch and remove the other seed buds.

[0052] (5) Water and fertilizer management: Apply germination fertilizer in spring and autumn every year. When the mulberry buds have 5 leaves, apply 2.4 t / mu of biogas liquid and 50 kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. Apply winter fertilizer in autumn, mainly using various organic fertilizers such as manure, soil and miscellaneous materials, and compost, with an application amount of 3 t / mu.

[0053] (6) Harvesting: Mulberries are harvested from April to June every year according to the maturity of the fruit. Mulberry parasites need to be planted for more than 3 years before they can be harvested. From winter to the next spring, you can cut the branches of the mistletoe and keep the base to wait for it to continue to germinate. You can also harvest the mistletoe together with the mulberry branches. The collection point is 10 cm away from the main trunk of the mulberry tree. At the same time, you can also take the shape of the tree into consideration. After the mulberry branches grow new branches, keep the thick branches so that they can be inoculated with mistletoe seeds later.

[0054] Test Example 1

[0055] The planting and cultivation methods in Examples 1-4 were used to produce mistletoe and mulberries, and the parasitic rate of mistletoe, and the yields of mistletoe and mulberries were counted. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] Parasitism rate (%) Annual harvestable yield of mistletoe medicinal materials (g / plant) Mulberry yield (kg / plant) Example 1 23.15 1.11 5.45 Example 2 25.34 1.21 5.87 Example 3 24.58 1.19 5.53 Example 4 23.21 1.04 5.39

[0057] As can be seen from Table 1, the parasitic rate of mistletoe is high by the method of the present invention, and the annual yield of mistletoe medicinal materials is as high as 1.21 kg / plant. At the same time, mulberries can also be harvested, with a yield of 5.87 kg / plant. That is, the method of the present invention can not only improve the parasitic rate and yield of mistletoe, but also reduce the waste of mulberry fruit resources and improve their resource utilization.

[0058] Test Example 2

[0059] According to Example 3, a comparative test of different technical means was set up, and the planting and cultivation methods in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were used to produce mistletoe and mulberries, and the germination rate, parasitic rate, mistletoe and mulberry fruit yields of the mistletoe were statistically analyzed. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] The cultivation was carried out according to the method of steps 1) to 5) of Example 2, except that in step 3), the new shoots were pinched when the length reached 25 cm.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] The cultivation was carried out according to the method of steps 1) to 5) of Example 2, except that in step 4), the mistletoe seeds were attached to the middle of the first lateral branch of the mulberry tree.

[0064] Comparative Example 3

[0065] The cultivation was carried out according to the method of steps 1) to 5) of Example 2, except that in step 4), the mistletoe seeds were attached to the middle of the third lateral branch of the mulberry tree.

[0066] Comparative Example 4

[0067] The cultivation was carried out according to the method of steps 1) to 5) of Example 2, except that no bud removal treatment was performed in step 4).

[0068] Comparative Example 5

[0069] The cultivation was carried out according to the method of steps 1) to 5) of Example 2, except that no foliar fertilizer was sprayed in step 4).

[0070] Table 2

[0071] Germination rate (%) Parasitism rate (%) Mulberry production (g / plant) Mulberry yield (kg / plant) Example 3 94.16 24.58 1.31 5.53 Comparative Example 1 86.26 22.97 0.87 5.78 Comparative Example 2 85.12 16.14 1.05 4.12 Comparative Example 3 75.41 17.44 1.27 4.22 Comparative Example 4 79.29 22.97 1.10 3.48 Comparative Example 5 77.54 18.08 1.22 4.96

[0072] As shown in Table 2, the germination rate and parasitism rate of the loquat plant using the cultivation method of the present invention were 94.16% and 24.58%, respectively, and the yields of loquat medicinal materials and mulberry fruits were 1.31 kg / plant and 5.53 kg / plant, respectively. In comparison, the germination rate, parasitism rate, and loquat and mulberry fruit yields of each comparative example were all less than those of the embodiment. For example, when the cultivation method in Comparative Examples 1-5 was significantly changed or missing, the parasitism rate, germination rate, and final loquat and mulberry fruit yields of the loquat were all reduced. This shows that the various cultivation steps in the present invention complement each other and work together.

[0073] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0074] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Site selection and preparation: Select a flat plot with deep soil, fertile soil, convenient harvesting and irrigation and drainage. After deep plowing, dig planting holes and dig deep trenches around them. (2) Mulberry tree planting: In spring and autumn, select mulberry seedlings that are more than one year old and place them in the planting holes. Fill the planting holes with fine soil. After planting, cut the tree trunks 20 to 30 cm above the ground. (3) Post-planting cultivation: After the mulberry seedlings in step (2) germinate, select 4-5 strong branches in different directions and pinch them when the length of the new shoots reaches 35-45 cm. Pinch them 2-3 times continuously. (4) Parasitism: From December of the second year to March of the following year, attach 3-5 mistletoe seeds to the internodes of the second side branches of 1-2 mulberry trees. After parasitism, spray foliar fertilizer and water to maintain the air humidity above 75%. When the mistletoe grows 2-3 leaves, retain one healthy mistletoe seed bud on each branch and remove the other seed buds. (5) Water and fertilizer management: Apply fertilizer to accelerate germination in spring and autumn every year. When the mulberry buds have 3 to 5 leaves, apply well-rotted manure, biogas liquid, urea or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. Apply winter fertilizer in autumn, mainly using manure, soil and miscellaneous manure or compost. (6) Harvesting: Mulberries are harvested from April to June every year according to the maturity of the fruits. Mulberry parasites need to be planted for more than 3 years before they can be harvested.

2. The method for simultaneously producing loranthus parasiticus and mulberry fruits according to claim 1, wherein: The size of the planting holes in step (1) is 30-40 cm × 30-40 cm, the hole spacing is 1.0-1.3 m × 1.5-2.0 m, and the trench depth is 30-40 cm.

3. The planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mistletoe seeds are prepared by mixing fresh peeled mistletoe seeds with the stirring liquid in a ratio of W:V=1:30 using 0.70% sodium chloride solution as a stirring liquid, then centrifugally stirring the mixture on a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 2000 r / min for 20 minutes, and filtering the stirring liquid with a filter to obtain the mixture.

4. The method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits according to claim 1, wherein: In step (4), the pseudoradicle end of the mistletoe seed should be tightly attached to the epidermis of the branch of the host mulberry tree.

5. The planting and cultivation method for simultaneously producing mistletoe and mulberry fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer in steps (2) to (4) is 0.15-0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1-0.25% urea.