Coal tar suspended bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface strengthening

Abstract

The application discloses a coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface reinforcement, which comprises a skirt, a reactor shell being arranged above the skirt, upper and lower half-spherical heads being arranged at the upper and lower ends of the reactor shell, a material outlet pipe being arranged at the top of the upper half-spherical head, a gas-liquid feeding pipe being connected to the bottom of the lower half-spherical head and extending out of the lower side wall of the skirt, a cyclone atomizer being arranged in the reactor shell and a cold hydrogen pipe being arranged in the middle of the reactor, a liquid-solid feeding pipe being arranged at the lower side of the reactor shell and located above the cyclone atomizer. The application adds two internal components, i.e. the cyclone atomizer and the cold hydrogen pipe, in the reactor, solves the problems of insufficient mixing of gas-liquid-solid three phases and excessively high temperature in the middle of the reactor in the prior art, and significantly increases the contact area of reactants by means of the micro-interface formed by the reactants, thereby improving the reaction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation equipment, specifically relating to a coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement. Background Technology

[0002] In coal grading and utilization technologies, coal pyrolysis technology serves as a typical example, and its application and development are crucial to achieving the goal of clean and efficient coal conversion and utilization. As a liquid product of coal pyrolysis, coal tar has an extremely complex composition, mainly consisting of pitch, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Industrially, coal tar processing mainly involves two methods: first, high-temperature coal tar is distilled to extract various phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, etc., and the fractions can be further processed to obtain various chemical products. Second, medium- and low-temperature coal tar is hydrogenated to produce diesel, gasoline, and other automotive engine fuels, as well as chemicals.

[0003] With the depletion of petroleum resources, coal tar hydrogenation technology is increasingly demonstrating its importance in the production of fuel oil for automotive engines. There are three main types of coal tar hydrogenation technology: fixed-bed hydrogenation, suspended-bed hydrogenation, and fluidized-bed hydrogenation. Compared to the others, suspended-bed hydrogenation technology uses highly dispersed fine-particle catalysts along with coal tar and hydrogen in a reactor. The catalyst is suspended in the coal tar, forming a three-phase bed of gas, liquid, and solid. This ensures relatively sufficient contact between hydrogen, coal tar, and catalyst, resulting in a simple process, high conversion and demetallization rates, and high light oil yield. It also exhibits good adaptability to coal tar feedstocks with high sulfur content, high viscosity, and high residual carbon. Furthermore, suspended-bed coal tar hydrogenation reactors have lower pressure drop, greater operational flexibility, longer operating cycles, and lower investment and operating costs. Therefore, suspended-bed coal tar hydrogenation technology has broad development prospects in coal tar hydrogenation treatment.

[0004] The development of the coal tar suspended bed hydrogenation reactor, the core equipment of coal tar suspended bed hydrogenation technology, plays a vital role in promoting the industrial application of this technology. Currently, most common coal tar suspended bed hydrogenation reactors are empty cylinder reactors, which present several problems, mainly the following two:

[0005] (1) Common coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactors are empty cylinder reactors without internal components. The gas, liquid and solid phases in the reactor cannot be fully mixed, which seriously affects the speed and efficiency of coal tar hydrogenation reaction.

[0006] (2) The phenomenon of sudden temperature rise in the middle of the reactor is not only unfavorable to the reaction, affecting the reaction rate and efficiency, but also easily causes the reactants to coke and cause reactor blockage, affecting the safe and normal operation of the reactor, and also bringing hidden dangers and threats to the safe production of enterprises.

[0007] The two issues mentioned above have become technical bottlenecks restricting the industrial application of coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation technology and urgently need to be resolved. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement, which solves the problems of insufficient mixing of gas (hydrogen), liquid (coal tar), and solid (catalyst particles) three-phase materials and excessively high temperature in the middle of the reactor in existing coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactors.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement, including a skirt base, with a reactor shell disposed above the skirt base; an upper hemispherical head and a lower hemispherical head are respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the reactor shell, with a material outlet pipe disposed at the top of the upper hemispherical head; it also includes a gas-liquid feed pipe, one end of which is connected to the bottom of the lower hemispherical head, and the other end extending out of the lower side wall of the skirt base; it also includes a cyclone atomizer located inside the reactor shell, with a liquid-solid feed pipe disposed on the lower side of the reactor shell, and the liquid-solid feed pipe being located above the cyclone atomizer.

[0010] The invention is further characterized in that,

[0011] The swirling atomizer includes a chassis fixed to the top of a lower hemispherical head. A cylindrical swirling atomizer shell is also mounted on the chassis. A top cover is fixed to the top of the swirling atomizer shell. A spiral guide vane with gradually increasing radius is fixed on the chassis and is located inside the swirling atomizer shell. Multiple small holes a are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the swirling atomizer shell. The small holes a are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the swirling atomizer shell. Multiple nozzles are arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the swirling atomizer shell. One end of each nozzle extends into a small hole a, and the other end extends obliquely toward the center of the top cover.

[0012] The nozzle, located in a symmetrical position, extends towards the center of the top cover, deviating from the axis of the swirling atomizer housing, and the direction of deviation from the axis is opposite.

[0013] The inner diameter of the nozzle gradually decreases from bottom to top, with the inner diameter of the nozzle end extending towards the center of the top cover being the smallest.

[0014] One end of the spiral guide vane near the inner wall of the swirl atomizer housing is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the swirl atomizer housing, and the top of the spiral guide vane is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top cover.

[0015] A central hole is also provided at the center of the chassis, and the center of the spiral guide vane is located above the central hole.

[0016] A cold hydrogen pipe is also installed in the middle of the reactor shell. The cold hydrogen pipe has multiple small holes b that are opened vertically and vertically, and the small holes b are distributed in a staggered manner.

[0017] A cold hydrogen feed pipe is installed at the lower end of the cold hydrogen pipe. One end of the cold hydrogen feed pipe is connected to the cold hydrogen pipe, and the other end extends out of the inner wall of the reactor shell. The cold hydrogen pipe is located directly above the cyclone atomizer.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] (1) In this invention, an internal component, a cyclone atomizer, is added to the reactor. In the cyclone chamber, the large coal tar droplets entering from the bottom of the reactor are broken into micro-droplets by the action of centrifugal force. Then, the coal tar is further atomized into even smaller micro-droplets through the nozzle of the cyclone atomizer. During the atomization process, the coal tar micro-droplets and hydrogen are fully mixed. Then, by the flow of the mist mixture formed by the coal tar micro-droplets and hydrogen, it is fully mixed with a small amount of liquid-solid mixture (coal tar and solid catalyst particles) entering the reactor horizontally. On the one hand, this effectively solves the problem of insufficient mixing of the gas, liquid and solid phases in the prior art, which is conducive to improving the reaction rate and efficiency. On the other hand, by the micro-interface system formed by the three phases of coal tar micro-droplets, hydrogen and catalyst particles, the contact area of ​​the mixture is significantly increased by the principle of micro-interface enhancement, which further accelerates the reaction rate and improves the reaction efficiency.

[0020] (2) The present invention provides an internal component cold hydrogen pipe in the middle of the reactor, which effectively solves the problem of reactants coking and clogging the reactor due to excessively high temperature in the middle of the reactor.

[0021] (3) On one hand, the nozzles on the internal component cyclone atomizer are designed to be symmetrically distributed along the axis of the atomizer. The end of the nozzle extending towards the center of the top cover is deviated from the axis, and the nozzles at symmetrical positions deviate from the axis in opposite directions. This allows hydrogen and coal tar micro-droplets to be sprayed out from multiple directions and angles, which means that the atomized gas-liquid mixture moves in different directions within the reactor. On the other hand, the liquid-solid feed pipe is horizontally positioned above the cyclone atomizer, allowing the liquid-solid mixture formed by the coal tar and catalyst particles entering the reactor to move radially after entering the reactor. Through these two aspects, the radial flow of materials within the reactor is promoted, thereby promoting the thorough mixing of the atomized gas-liquid mixture with the liquid-solid mixture formed by the coal tar and catalyst particles. Furthermore, the horizontal openings on the cold hydrogen pipe are designed to be staggered vertically, allowing the cold hydrogen to be sprayed out horizontally from multiple directions and angles. This further promotes the radial flow of materials within the reactor, thereby promoting the mixing of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixture moving upward from below the cold hydrogen pipe with the cold hydrogen. This not only helps to reduce the temperature in the middle of the reactor but also facilitates the subsequent coal tar hydrogenation reaction, thereby further improving the reaction rate and reaction efficiency. That is, the present invention changes the situation of the three-phase gas-liquid-solid three-phase single axial flow in the traditional empty cylinder reactor through the above three special designs, so that the reactants can flow in both axial and radial directions at the same time, which is conducive to the full mixing of materials in the reactor and further improves the reaction rate and reaction efficiency.

[0022] (4) The reactor internal components of the present invention have a simple structure, are easy to install and maintain, and have low manufacturing and operation and maintenance costs, making them suitable for large-scale promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coal tar suspended bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram (I) of the cyclone atomizer in the coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram (II) of the cyclone atomizer in the coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram (III) of the cyclone atomizer in the coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram (IV) of the cyclone atomizer in the coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement according to the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Reactor shell, 2. Skirt, 3. Upper hemispherical head, 4. Lower hemispherical head, 5. Cold hydrogen pipe, 6. Material outlet pipe, 7. Gas-liquid feed pipe, 8. Cold hydrogen feed pipe, 9. Liquid-solid feed pipe, 10. Top cover, 11. Chassis, 12. Spiral guide vane, 13. Nozzle, 14. Chassis center hole, 15. Small hole a, 16. Cyclone atomizer shell, 17. Cyclone atomizer, 18. Small hole b. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] This invention is based on a micro-interface enhanced coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the reactor includes a skirt 2, and a cylindrical reactor shell 1 is provided above the skirt 2. The upper and lower ends of the reactor shell 1 are respectively provided with an upper hemispherical head 3 and a lower hemispherical head 4. A material outlet pipe 6 is provided at the top of the upper hemispherical head 3. The reactor also includes a gas-liquid feed pipe 7, which is a feed pipe for a mixture of coal tar and hydrogen. One end is connected to the bottom of the lower hemispherical head 4, and the other end extends out of the reactor through the lower side wall of the skirt 2.

[0031] It also includes a swirl atomizer 17 located at the top of the lower hemispherical head 4, the swirl atomizer 17 being located inside the reactor shell 1; a liquid-solid feed pipe 9, i.e., a feed pipe for a mixture of coal tar and catalyst particles, is provided on the lower side of the reactor shell 1, the liquid-solid feed pipe 9 being located above the swirl atomizer 17;

[0032] The vortex atomizer 17 includes a chassis 11, such as Figure 2-4 As shown, the chassis 11 is disc-shaped and fixed to the top of the lower hemispherical head 4. A center hole 14 is provided at the center of the chassis 11. A cylindrical swirl atomizer housing 16 is also provided on the chassis 11. A top cover 10 is fixed to the top of the swirl atomizer housing 16, and the axes of the chassis 11, the swirl atomizer housing 16, and the top cover 10 coincide with the axis of the reactor housing 1. A spiral guide vane 12 with a gradually increasing radius is fixed on the chassis 11, and the spiral guide vane 12 is located at the swirl atomizer housing 4. Inside the atomizer housing 16; the spiral guide vane 12 is formed by a metal plate surrounding the axis of the swirl atomizer 17, and the center of the spiral guide vane 12 is located above the center hole 14 of the chassis. One end of the spiral guide vane 12 near the inner wall of the swirl atomizer housing 16 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the swirl atomizer housing 16, and the top of the spiral guide vane 12 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top cover 10; the chassis 11, the swirl atomizer housing 16, the top cover 10, and the spiral guide vane 12 form a swirl chamber;

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown, the inner wall of the swirl atomizer housing 16 has a plurality of small holes a15 evenly distributed circumferentially, and the small holes a15 are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the swirl atomizer housing 16; the outer wall of the swirl atomizer housing 16 has a plurality of nozzles 13 arranged circumferentially, one end of the nozzle 13 extending into the small hole a15, and the other end extending obliquely toward the center of the top cover 10; the ends of the nozzles 13 located in symmetrical positions extending toward the center of the top cover 10 are deviated from the axis of the swirl atomizer housing 16, and the directions of deviation from the axis of the nozzles 13 in symmetrical positions are opposite; the inner diameter of the nozzles 13 gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the inner diameter of the end of the nozzle 13 extending toward the center of the top cover 10 is the smallest;

[0034] A cold hydrogen pipe 5 is also provided in the middle of the reactor shell 1. Multiple small holes b18 are opened on the cold hydrogen pipe 5, and the small holes b18 are distributed vertically and staggeredly on the cold hydrogen pipe 5. A cold hydrogen feed pipe 8 is provided at the lower end of the cold hydrogen pipe 5. One end of the cold hydrogen feed pipe 8 is connected to the cold hydrogen pipe 5, and the other end extends out of the inner wall of the reactor shell 1. The cold hydrogen pipe 5 is located directly above the cyclone atomizer 17.

[0035] This invention relates to a micro-interface enhanced coal tar suspended bed hydrogenation reactor. Its specific working principle is as follows: A gas-liquid mixture (coal tar and hydrogen) enters the reactor shell 1 through the gas-liquid feed pipe 7. First, it enters the center of the cyclone atomizer 17 through the central hole 14 of the chassis. Then, it rotates at high speed along a spiral guide vane 12 with gradually increasing radius. Under centrifugal force, large coal tar droplets break down into micro-droplets, resulting in atomization. When the mixture of coal tar micro-droplets and hydrogen flows to the outermost ring of the annular cyclone vane 12, it enters the nozzle 13 through a small hole a15 on the side wall of the cyclone atomizer shell 16. Since the diameter of the nozzle 13 gradually decreases from bottom to top, the flow velocity of the coal tar micro-droplets continuously increases and the pressure continuously decreases as they flow in the nozzle 13. The coal tar micro-droplets are then ejected from the nozzle 13. The mixture is broken down into smaller micro-droplets. The gas-liquid mixture of hydrogen and coal tar micro-droplets ejected from nozzle 13 moves obliquely upward in the reactor. It mixes with the liquid-solid mixture formed by coal tar and catalyst particles that enter the reactor horizontally through the liquid-solid feed pipe 9. The three phases move upward together (the direction of movement can be axial or radial, but generally upward), and the coal tar hydrogenation reaction takes place during the movement. When the three-phase mixture of coal tar micro-droplets, hydrogen and solid catalyst particles moves upward to the height of the cold hydrogen pipe 5, it mixes again with the cold hydrogen that enters the reactor through the cold hydrogen feed pipe 8 and is then horizontally ejected through the small hole b of the cold hydrogen pipe 5. The temperature decreases, and the mixture continues to move upward in the reactor and the coal tar hydrogenation reaction continues. The mixture after the reaction is finally discharged from the material outlet pipe 6 at the top of the upper hemispherical head 3.

[0036] This invention utilizes swirling atomization and nozzle atomization to obtain coal tar microdroplets. The small size of these coal tar microdroplets not only facilitates thorough mixing of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase reactants but also significantly increases the surface area of ​​the coal tar droplets. This, in turn, significantly increases the contact area between the coal tar and hydrogen and catalyst particles, forming a micro-interface system. By leveraging the principle of micro-interface enhancement, the reaction is accelerated, increasing both the reaction rate and efficiency. Furthermore, this invention incorporates a cold hydrogen pipe in the middle of the reactor to prevent coking of the reactants caused by a sudden temperature rise in the reactor center. This ensures the normal progress of the coal tar hydrogenation reaction and the safe and normal operation of the coal tar hydrogenation reactor, thereby guaranteeing the safe production and operation of the enterprise.

[0037] In this invention, the atomized gas-liquid mixture (hydrogen and coal tar microdroplets) is ejected from nozzle 13. The nozzles 13, which are symmetrically positioned, deviate from the axis in opposite directions. This is to ensure that the atomized gas-liquid mixture moves in different directions within the reactor. Simultaneously, the liquid-solid feed pipe 9 is horizontally positioned above the cyclone atomizer. This is to ensure that the liquid-solid mixture formed by the coal tar and catalyst particles enters the reactor and moves radially. These two aspects promote the radial flow of materials within the reactor, thereby promoting thorough mixing of the atomized gas-liquid mixture with the liquid-solid mixture formed by the coal tar and catalyst particles. Furthermore, the openings on the cold hydrogen pipe are staggered vertically to allow the cold hydrogen to be ejected horizontally from multiple directions and angles, further promoting the radial flow of materials within the reactor. This, in turn, promotes the mixing of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixture moving upward from below the cold hydrogen pipe with the cold hydrogen. This not only helps to reduce the temperature in the middle of the reactor but also facilitates the subsequent coal tar hydrogenation reaction, thereby further improving the reaction rate and efficiency.

[0038] The coal tar suspended bed hydrogenation reactor of this invention, based on micro-interface enhancement, adds two internal components—a cyclone atomizer and a cold hydrogen tube—to the traditional empty cylindrical suspended bed hydrogenation reactor. This solves the problems of insufficient mixing of the gas, liquid, and solid phases and excessively high temperature in the middle of the reactor, which are present in the prior art. Furthermore, the micro-interface formed by the reactants significantly increases the contact area of ​​the reactants, thereby improving the reaction efficiency. In addition, the design of the cyclone atomizer nozzle orientation, the liquid-solid feed pipe direction, and the special design of the cold hydrogen outlet (small hole b18) on the cold hydrogen tube promotes the mixing of materials in the reactor, which is conducive to further improving the reaction rate and efficiency of coal tar hydrogenation.

Claims

1. A coal tar suspended bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement, characterized in that, The reactor includes a skirt (2), above which is a reactor shell (1); the upper and lower ends of the reactor shell (1) are respectively provided with an upper hemispherical head (3) and a lower hemispherical head (4), and the top of the upper hemispherical head (3) is provided with a material outlet pipe (6); it also includes a gas-liquid feed pipe (7), one end of which is connected to the bottom of the lower hemispherical head (4), and the other end extends out of the lower side wall of the skirt (2); it also includes a cyclone atomizer (17) located inside the reactor shell (1), and a liquid-solid feed pipe (9) is provided on the lower side of the reactor shell (1), and the liquid-solid feed pipe (9) is located above the cyclone atomizer (17); The swirling atomizer (17) includes a base (11), which is disc-shaped. The base (11) is fixed to the top of the lower hemispherical head (4). A cylindrical swirling atomizer shell (16) is also provided on the base (11). A top cover (10) is fixed to the top of the swirling atomizer shell (16). The axes of the base (11), the swirling atomizer shell (16), and the top cover (10) coincide with the axis of the reactor shell (1). 1) A spiral guide plate (12) with a gradually increasing radius is fixed on the top, and the spiral guide plate (12) is located inside the vortex atomizer housing (16); the spiral guide plate (12) is formed by a metal plate surrounding the axis of the vortex atomizer (17), and one end of the spiral guide plate (12) near the inner wall of the vortex atomizer housing (16) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vortex atomizer housing (16), and the top of the spiral guide plate (12) is connected to the top cover (17). The lower surface of 0) is fixedly connected; the inner wall of the vortex atomizer housing (16) is uniformly provided with a plurality of small holes a (15) along the circumference, the small holes a (15) are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the vortex atomizer housing (16), the outer wall of the vortex atomizer housing (16) is provided with a plurality of nozzles (13) along the circumference, one end of the nozzle (13) extends into the small hole a (15), and the other end extends obliquely toward the center of the top cover (10); the nozzles (13) located in symmetrical positions The end extending towards the center of the top cover (10) deviates from the axis of the swirl atomizer housing (16), and the direction of deviation from the axis is opposite; the inner diameter of the nozzle (13) gradually decreases from bottom to top, that is, the inner diameter of the end of the nozzle (13) extending towards the center of the top cover (10) is the smallest; a cold hydrogen pipe (5) is also provided in the middle of the reactor housing (1), and multiple small holes b (18) are opened on the cold hydrogen pipe (5) in a vertical manner, and the small holes b (18) are distributed in a staggered manner.

2. The coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chassis (11) also has a chassis center hole (14) at its center, and the center of the spiral guide vane (12) is located above the chassis center hole (14).

3. The coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation reactor based on micro-interface enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the cold hydrogen pipe (5) is provided with a cold hydrogen feed pipe (8). One end of the cold hydrogen feed pipe (8) is connected to the cold hydrogen pipe (5), and the other end extends out of the inner wall of the reactor shell (1). The cold hydrogen pipe (5) is located directly above the cyclone atomizer (17).

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