Full face hard rock tunnel boring machine with adaptive step backfill mechanism

Abstract

The application discloses a full-face hard rock tunneling machine with a self-adaptive stepping backfilling mechanism and relates to the technical field of tunneling machines, which comprises a cutter head tunneling mechanism, a main machine belt conveyor, a trailer, a main machine beam is installed at the rear of the cutter head tunneling mechanism, the main machine belt conveyor is installed in the main machine beam, the trailer is connected with the main machine beam, a lifting machine is installed above the trailer, a transition frame is connected at the rear of the trailer, a crushed material hopper is installed at one end of the transition frame close to the lifting machine, a discharging belt is installed below the crushed material hopper in the transition frame, the discharging belt backfills the rock slag to the bottom of the roadway, the bottom of the roadway is filled to form a circular arc arched section, a balance frame is connected at the rear of the transition frame, a material vehicle is connected below the balance frame, a transfer machine is installed in the balance frame, one end of the transfer machine is located above the material vehicle, the other end of the transfer machine is close to the discharging belt, when the backfilled rock slag is too much, the transfer machine conveys the rock slag to the material vehicle, and the backfilled rock slag is further rammed by the self-gravity of the material vehicle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of heading machine, in particular to a full-face hard rock heading machine with self-adaptive stepping backfill mechanism. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing full-face hard rock heading machine adopts a rotary circular cutter head to break the rock in front, thereby forming a circular cross-section roadway. However, the circular cross-section roadway cannot meet the needs of subsequent transportation and walking. In order to realize the function of subsequent transportation and walking, the mine needs to use professional backfill equipment to perform secondary backfill on the circular cross-section roadway formed by the full-face hard rock heading machine, so as to flatten the bottom of the roadway and form a circular-arc cross-section, which undoubtedly increases the construction cost and construction time of the mine. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a full-face hard rock heading machine with self-adaptive stepping backfill mechanism to solve the problems in the background.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a full-face hard rock heading machine with self-adaptive stepping backfill mechanism, comprising a heading machine, a main machine belt conveyor, a trailer, and a transfer machine, wherein the heading machine is provided with a main machine beam at the rear, the main machine belt conveyor is installed inside the main machine beam, the trailer is connected to the rear of the main machine beam, and a lifting machine is installed on the top of the trailer, comprising a transition frame and a material car, wherein the transition frame is connected to the trailer, one end of the transition frame is provided with a balance frame, the balance frame is connected to the material car below, one end of the transition frame close to the trailer is provided with a crushed stone hopper, one end of the lifting machine is located above the feeding port of the crushed stone hopper, a discharging belt and a pressing roller are installed inside the transition frame below the crushed stone hopper, the pressing roller is located at one end of the discharging belt, the balance frame is provided with the transfer machine inside, one end of the transfer machine is close to the discharging belt, and the other end of the transfer machine is located above the material car. The heading machine adopts a rotary circular cutter head to break the rock in front, thereby forming a circular cross-section roadway, the main machine belt conveyor transports the rock debris to the lifting machine, the lifting machine sends the rock debris into the crushed stone hopper, the crushed stone hopper performs secondary crushing on the crushed stone to break the large-diameter crushed stone into stone chips, the stone chips mixed with the crushed stone that has not been crushed are dropped from the crushed stone hopper onto the discharging belt, and the stone chips mixed with the crushed stone are backfilled at the bottom of the roadway. During the forward movement of the heading machine, the trailer moves forward together with the main machine beam, the transition frame and the balance frame move together with the trailer, the material car stays in place and moves relative to the balance frame, and the transition frame uses the pressing roller at the rear end to flatten the rock debris during the movement of the transition frame. The material car uses its own gravity to compact the flattened rock debris.

[0005] Two C-shaped rails are symmetrically and horizontally installed on the inner side of the balancing frame. Support plates are installed on both sides of the material cart at positions corresponding to the C-shaped rails. The support plates are located inside the C-shaped rails. Two pins are installed on the end of the material cart away from the balancing frame. Each pin is connected to a stepping cylinder. The stepping cylinders are installed inside the balancing frame. Two support rails are installed on both sides of the lower end of the material cart. A return spring is installed inside the support rail. Stepping feet are slidably installed on the support rail. The part of the stepping feet inside the support rail is connected to the return spring. The C-shaped rails and support plates work together to allow the material cart to slide on the balancing frame. The output end of the stepping cylinder is connected to a pin, and the balancing frame moves forward with the transition frame. When the material cart is not moving, the cylinder rod of the stepping cylinder gradually extends, and the material cart uses its own weight to compact the backfilled rock slag. When the material cart needs to move forward, the output end of the stepping foot support (the stepping foot support is a hydraulic cylinder, and the output end is equipped with a plate to increase the contact area with the rock slag) abuts against the rock slag and gradually lifts the material cart. The output rod of the stepping cylinder slowly retracts, pulling the material cart forward. When the stepping foot support moves from one end of the support rail to the other end, the output rod of the stepping cylinder retracts, thus completing one step of the material cart. Through the cooperation of the stepping foot support and the stepping cylinder, the material cart moves forward step by step.

[0006] A support shaft is installed at the center of the pressure roller. One of the support shafts passes through the transition frame and is connected to a drive motor, which is installed on the outside of the transition frame. The drive motor (not shown in the figure) drives the pressure roller to rotate via the support shaft (not shown in the figure), causing the pressure roller to flatten the rock slag conveyed by the feed belt.

[0007] A scraper is installed at one end of the transition frame near the material cart, with the lower end of the scraper on the same horizontal plane as the lower end of the pressing roller. The scraper is used to level the rock debris and further level the rock debris that has been flattened by the pressing roller.

[0008] The feeding belt includes a crushed stone belt and a stone chip belt. The crushed stone belt is located below the crushing hopper and above the stone chip belt. The length of the crushed stone belt is greater than that of the stone chip belt. The crushed stone belt consists of two drive rollers and a mesh belt mounted on the drive rollers. A groove is provided in the middle of the inner side of the mesh belt. A retaining ring is provided in the middle of the drive rollers. The retaining ring is located in the groove. The mesh belt is composed of several rhomboid telescopic structures rotatably connected. A set of slides is symmetrically arranged on the transition frame. A rotating shaft is provided at the center of the drive rollers. One of the rotating shafts is located in the slide and connected to an adjusting cylinder. The adjusting cylinder is installed on the outside of the transition frame. The other rotating shaft is connected to an output motor. The output motor is installed on the outside of the transition frame.

[0009] The stone chip conveyor is a belt conveyor. One end of the transfer machine is close to the chute, and the other end is raised and located above the material car. Baffles are installed on the conveyor belt of the transfer machine. The transfer machine is a belt conveyor with several baffles installed on the conveyor belt to improve the conveying effect of the rock debris and prevent it from slipping during the lifting stage. The rock debris after secondary crushing flows out of the crushing hopper. When rock debris that has not been further crushed by the crushing hopper falls onto the stone chip conveyor, the crushed stone is intercepted by the mesh belt of the stone chip conveyor, while the rock debris crushed into stone chips passes through the mesh belt and falls onto the stone chip conveyor. Since the length of the stone chip conveyor is less than that of the crushed stone conveyor, the stone chips are first backfilled to the bottom of the tunnel. Then, larger diameter crushed stone is backfilled onto the stone chips by the crushed stone conveyor. The pressing rollers flatten the crushed stone and stone chips. First, small-diameter stone chips are backfilled to reduce the gap between the rock debris and the tunnel, making the backfilled road more solid. Larger-diameter crushed stone is then backfilled on top of the stone chips and pressed into them by the pressing rollers. During the backfilling process, the operating speed of the crushed stone belt and the stone chip belt is controlled to regulate the backfilling speed. When the rock debris flowing out of the crushing hopper exceeds the amount of rock debris needed for backfilling, the cylinder rod of the adjusting cylinder (not shown in the figure) extends and drives the drive roller to move via the rotating shaft. This causes the drive roller to move closer to the transfer machine. During the movement of the drive roller, several diamond-shaped telescopic structures of the mesh belt are pulled by the drive roller and actively stretched radially and passively compressed axially (here, axial and radial refer to the axial and radial directions of the drive roller). This increases the overall length of the mesh belt, thereby narrowing the holes on the mesh belt (the holes formed by the diamond-shaped telescopic structures, used for screening stone chips and crushed stone). This allows the mesh belt to carry stone chips and crushed stone. The crushed stone belt transports the rock debris to the transfer machine, which then transports the excess rock debris to the material car. Once the amount of rock debris is controlled, the cylinder rod of the adjusting cylinder retracts, causing the drive roller to reset the mesh belt. The holes on the mesh belt return to normal, and the stone chips and gravel are separated by the mesh belt again. Snap rings and grooves are used to prevent the mesh belt from shifting position on the drive roller. Two L-shaped limit plates are installed on the drive roller, with one end of each plate located on the outside of the mesh belt, for the drive roller to reset the mesh belt.

[0010] A shredding motor is installed above the shredding hopper, and a main shaft is installed inside the shredding hopper. The main shaft is hollow and has a drive shaft installed inside. The drive shaft is connected to the output shaft of the shredding motor. Three annular grooves are vertically arranged on the outer side of the main shaft, and an output gear ring is rotatably installed in the annular grooves. Three tooth grooves are arranged inside the main shaft corresponding to the positions of the annular grooves. A first drive gear (not shown in the figure) is installed in each of the tooth grooves on the upper and lower horizontal planes, and two meshing second drive gears (not shown in the figure) are installed in each of the tooth grooves on the middle horizontal plane. The first drive gear and the second drive gear mesh with the output gear ring through the tooth grooves. Three transmission gear rings are installed on the drive shaft. The transmission gear rings mesh with the first drive gear and the second drive gear. The transmission ratio between the first drive gear and the transmission gear ring is greater than the transmission ratio between the second drive gear and the transmission gear ring.

[0011] A cutter holder is mounted on the output gear ring, and a shredding blade is mounted on the cutter holder. The main shaft is a bushing and fixed inside the crushing hopper. The shredding motor drives the drive shaft to rotate. The drive shaft drives the output gear ring to rotate through the transmission gear ring, the first drive gear, and the second drive gear. Due to the different transmission ratios, the speed of the output gear ring driven by the second drive gear is greater than the speed of the output gear ring driven by the first drive gear. The output gear ring drives the shredding blade to rotate. The speed of the shredding blades on the upper and lower horizontal planes is lower than that of the shredding blades on the middle horizontal plane. When the rock debris passes through the shredding blades on the three horizontal planes, most of the rock debris is further shredded by the shredding blades on the three horizontal planes. A small portion of the larger diameter rock debris is missed and falls onto the crushed stone belt after passing through the shredding blades.

[0012] The tool holder has a box-like structure. An end cover is installed at the opening of the tool holder. Two arc-shaped grooves are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the end cover. A locking opening is milled upward from one end of the groove on the end cover. An elliptical slot is provided on the end face of the tool holder away from the output gear ring. A sleeve gear is rotatably installed inside the tool holder at the slot. An elliptical shaft opening is provided in the middle of the sleeve gear. A locking gear is rotatably installed in the middle of the lower end of the end cover. The sleeve gear and the locking gear mesh and drive each other. A lock cylinder is axially installed above the locking gear at the position corresponding to the groove. A pin is installed at the lower end of the lock cylinder. The pin is slidably installed in the locking gear. A locking spring is installed between the lock cylinder and the locking gear. The size of the lock cylinder is the same as the size of the locking opening.

[0013] One end of the shredder is fitted with a docking block via a shaft. The docking block is elliptical, and the length of the shaft is equal to the wall thickness of the blade holder. When the shredder mates with the blade holder, the docking block passes through the bayonet and embeds into the central shaft of the sleeve gear. The shredder is then rotated, causing the sleeve gear to rotate and the locking gear to rotate. The lock cylinder slides in the groove. Before the lock cylinder reaches the lock position, the locking spring (not shown in the figure) is compressed. When the lock cylinder is in the lock position, the locking spring pushes the lock cylinder into the lock position. The position of the lock cylinder gear is locked by a pin (not shown in the figure) between the lock cylinder and the locking gear, preventing the locking gear from rotating. After the shredder rotates, it is held in place in the blade holder by the docking block, preventing it from falling out. When the shredder needs to be replaced, the lock cylinder is installed downwards, compressing the locking spring and allowing the lock cylinder to enter the groove. Then, the shredder is rotated in the opposite direction to align the docking block with the bayonet, after which the shredder can be removed. The shredder can be quickly installed and removed by means of a connecting gear, a locking gear, and a lock cylinder.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0015] 1. It can realize the one-time formation of the roadway during the tunneling process of the full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine, improve the cross-section utilization rate of the full-face tunnel boring machine, reduce the construction intensity of workers, improve construction efficiency, and further improve the integration level of the full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine.

[0016] 2. After secondary crushing, the rock debris flows out of the crushing hopper. When the rock debris that was not further crushed falls onto the crushed stone belt, the crushed stone is intercepted by the mesh belt, while the rock debris crushed into stone chips passes through the mesh belt and falls onto the stone chip belt. Since the length of the stone chip belt is shorter than that of the crushed stone belt, the stone chips are first backfilled to the bottom of the tunnel. Then, the larger diameter crushed stone is backfilled onto the stone chips by the crushed stone belt, and the pressing rollers flatten the crushed stone and stone chips. Backfilling the smaller diameter stone chips first reduces the gap between the rock debris and the tunnel, making the backfilled road more compact. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention (the tunneling machine, main beam, and main belt conveyor are not shown);

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the transition frame and the material cart of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a front sectional view of the transition frame of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a top view of the transition frame of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a top view of the gravel belt of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a front cross-sectional view of the connection between the main shaft, drive shaft, and output gear ring of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the connection between the shredder and the blade holder of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Trailer; 2. Lifting machine; 3. Transition frame; 4. Balancing frame; 5. Material cart; 6. Stepping cylinder; 7. Stepping foot support; 8. Support rail; 9. Pressing roller; 10. Crushing hopper; 11. Main shaft; 12. Crushed stone belt; 13. Stone chip belt; 14. Slide rail; 15. Transfer conveyor; 16. Connecting block; 17. Scraper; 18. Chopping blade; 19. Mesh belt; 20. Drive roller; 21. Knife holder; 22. Drive shaft; 23. Drive gear ring; 24. Output gear ring; 25. End cover; 26. Locking gear; 27. Lock core; 28. Slide groove; 29. ​​Sleeve gear; 30. Bayonet. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figures 1-7This invention provides a technical solution: a full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine with an adaptive stepping backfilling mechanism, comprising a tunnel boring machine, a main belt conveyor, a trailer 1, and a transfer machine 15. A main beam is installed at the rear of the tunnel boring machine, the main belt conveyor is installed inside the main beam, the trailer 1 is connected to the rear of the main beam, and a lifting machine 2 is installed above the trailer 1. The invention is characterized by including a transition frame 3 and a material cart 5. The transition frame 3 is connected to the trailer 1, a balancing frame 4 is installed at one end of the transition frame 3, and the material cart 5 is connected below the balancing frame 4. A crushing hopper 10 is installed at one end of the frame 3 near the trailer 1. One end of the lifting machine 2 is located above the feed inlet of the crushing hopper 10. Inside the transition frame 3, a feeding belt and a pressing roller 9 are installed below the crushing hopper 10. The pressing roller 9 is located at one end of the feeding belt. A scraper 17 is provided at one end of the transition frame 3 near the material cart 5. The lower end of the scraper 17 and the lower end of the pressing roller 9 are on the same horizontal plane. A transfer machine 15 is installed inside the balancing frame 4. One end of the transfer machine 15 is close to the feeding belt, and the other end of the transfer machine 15 is located above the material cart 5.

[0028] A support shaft is installed at the center of the pressure roller 9. One of the support shafts passes through the transition frame 3 and is connected to a drive motor, which is installed on the outside of the transition frame 3. The drive motor drives the pressure roller 9 to rotate via the support shaft, so that the pressure roller 9 flattens the rock slag conveyed by the feed belt.

[0029] A shredding motor is installed above the shredding hopper 10. A main shaft 11 is installed inside the shredding hopper 10. The main shaft 11 is hollow and a drive shaft 22 is installed inside. The drive shaft 22 is connected to the output shaft of the shredding motor. Three annular grooves are vertically arranged on the outer side of the main shaft 11. An output gear ring 24 is rotatably installed in the annular grooves. Three gear slots are arranged inside the main shaft 11 corresponding to the positions of the annular grooves. A first drive gear is installed in the gear slots on the upper and lower horizontal planes. Two meshing second drive gears are installed in the gear slots on the middle horizontal plane. The first drive gear and the second drive gear mesh with the output gear ring 24 through the gear slots. Three transmission gear rings 23 are installed on the drive shaft 22. The transmission gear rings 23 mesh with the first drive gear and the second drive gear. The transmission ratio between the first drive gear and the transmission gear ring 23 is greater than the transmission ratio between the second drive gear and the transmission gear ring 23.

[0030] A blade holder 21 is mounted on the output gear ring 24, and a shredder 18 is mounted on the blade holder 21.

[0031] The tool holder 21 has a box-like structure. An end cover 25 is installed at the opening of the tool holder 21. Two arc-shaped grooves 28 are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the end cover 25. A locking slot is milled upward from one end of the groove 28 on the end cover 25. An elliptical slot 30 is provided on the end face of the tool holder 21 away from the output gear ring 24. A sleeve gear 29 is rotatably installed inside the tool holder 21 at the position of the slot 30. An elliptical shaft opening is provided in the middle of the sleeve gear 29. A locking gear 26 is rotatably installed in the middle of the lower end of the end cover 25. The sleeve gear 29 and the locking gear 26 mesh and drive each other. A lock core 27 is axially installed above the locking gear 26 at the position corresponding to the groove 28. A pin is installed at the lower end of the lock core 27. The pin is slidably installed in the locking gear 26. A locking spring is installed between the lock core 27 and the locking gear 26. The size of the lock core 27 is the same as the size of the locking slot.

[0032] One end of the shredder 18 is fitted with a mating block 16 via a shaft. The mating block 16 is elliptical, and the length of the shaft is equal to the wall thickness of the blade holder 21. When the shredder 18 mates with the blade holder 21, the mating block 16 passes through the bayonet 30 and embeds into the central shaft of the sleeve gear 29. Then, the shredder 18 is rotated 90 degrees, causing the sleeve gear 29 to rotate and the locking gear 26 to rotate. The lock cylinder 27 slides in the groove 28. When the lock cylinder 27 is not in the lock position, the locking spring is compressed. When the lock cylinder 27 is in the lock position, the locking spring pushes the lock cylinder 27 into the lock position. The position of the lock cylinder gear 26 is locked by the pin between the lock cylinder 27 and the locking gear 26, preventing the locking gear 26 from rotating. After the shredder 18 rotates, it is secured in the blade holder 21 by the mating block 16, preventing the shredder 18 from falling out of the blade holder 21. When the shredder 18 needs to be replaced, install the lock cylinder 27 downwards to compress the locking spring and allow the lock cylinder 27 to enter the slide groove 28. Then, rotate the shredder 18 in the opposite direction to align the mating block 16 with the bayonet 30, after which the shredder 18 can be pulled out. The quick installation and removal of the shredder 18 is achieved through the configuration of the sleeve gear 29, the locking gear 29, and the lock cylinder 27.

[0033] The feeding belt includes a crushed stone belt 12 and a stone chip belt 13. The crushed stone belt 12 is located below the crushing hopper 10 and above the stone chip belt 13. The length of the crushed stone belt 12 is greater than the length of the stone chip belt 13. The crushed stone belt 12 consists of two drive rollers 20 and a mesh belt 19 installed on the drive rollers 20. A groove is provided in the middle of the inner side of the mesh belt 19. A retaining ring is provided in the middle of the drive rollers 20. The retaining ring is located in the groove. The mesh belt 19 is formed by rotating and connecting several rhomboid telescopic structures. A set of slides 14 are symmetrically arranged on the transition frame 3. A rotating shaft is provided in the center of the drive rollers 20. One of the rotating shafts is located in the slide 14 and is connected to an adjusting cylinder. The adjusting cylinder is installed on the outside of the transition frame 3. The other rotating shaft is connected to an output motor. The output motor is installed on the outside of the transition frame 3.

[0034] The stone chip belt 13 is a belt conveyor. One end of the transfer machine 15 is close to the slide 14, and the other end of the transfer machine 15 is raised and located above the material car 5. The conveyor belt of the transfer machine 15 is equipped with a baffle plate.

[0035] The transfer machine 15 is a belt conveyor, and several baffles are installed on the conveyor belt to improve the conveying effect of rock debris and prevent rock debris from slipping during the lifting stage. Rock debris after secondary crushing flows out of the crushing hopper 10. When rock debris that has not been further crushed by the crushing hopper 10 falls onto the crushed stone belt 12, the crushed stone is intercepted by the mesh belt 19 of the crushed stone belt 12, while the rock debris crushed into stone chips passes through the mesh belt 19 and falls onto the stone chip belt 13. Since the length of the stone chip belt 13 is less than the length of the crushed stone belt 12, the stone chips are first backfilled to the bottom of the tunnel. Then, larger diameter crushed stone is backfilled onto the stone chips by the crushed stone belt 12, and the pressing roller 9 flattens the crushed stone and stone chips. Backfilling the smaller diameter stone chips first reduces the gap between the rock debris and the tunnel, making the backfilled road more compact. The larger diameter crushed stone is backfilled onto the stone chips and pressed into the stone chips by the pressing roller 9. During the backfilling process, the operating speed of the crushed stone belt 12 and the stone chip belt 13 is controlled to control the backfilling speed.

[0036] When the rock debris flowing out of the crushing hopper 10 exceeds the amount required for backfilling, the cylinder rod of the adjusting cylinder extends and drives the transmission roller 20 to move via the rotating shaft. This causes the transmission roller 20 to move closer to the transfer conveyor 15. During the movement of the transmission roller 20, several diamond-shaped telescopic structures of the mesh belt 19 are pulled by the transmission roller 20, actively undergoing radial stretching and passively undergoing axial compression. This increases the overall length of the mesh belt 19, narrowing the holes on it, allowing the mesh belt 19 to carry stone chips and gravel. The crushed stone belt 12 transports the rock debris to the transfer conveyor 15, which then transports the excess rock debris to the material cart 5. Once the amount of rock debris is controlled, the cylinder rod of the adjusting cylinder retracts, causing the transmission roller 20 to reset the mesh belt 19. The holes on the mesh belt 19 return to normal, and the stone chips and gravel are separated again by the mesh belt 19. The retaining rings and grooves prevent the mesh belt 19 from shifting position on the transmission roller 20. Two L-shaped limiting plates are provided on the drive roller 20. One end of the limiting plate is located on the outside of the mesh belt 19, which is used by the drive roller 20 to drive the mesh belt 19 to reset.

[0037] Two C-shaped rails are symmetrically and horizontally installed on the inner side of the balancing frame 4. Support plates are installed on both sides of the material cart 5 corresponding to the positions of the C-shaped rails. The support plates are located inside the C-shaped rails. Two pins are installed on the end of the material cart 5 away from the balancing frame 4. Each pin is connected to a stepping cylinder 6. The stepping cylinder 6 is a hydraulic cylinder and is installed inside the balancing frame 4. Two support rails 8 are installed on both sides of the lower end of the material cart 5. A return spring is installed inside the support rail 8. Stepping feet 7 are slidably installed on the support rail 8. The part of the stepping feet 7 located inside the support rail 8 is connected to the return spring.

[0038] Working principle of the invention:

[0039] The tunneling machine uses a rotary cutterhead to break up the rock strata ahead, forming a circular tunnel. As the tunneling machine moves forward, the trailer 1 moves forward along with the main beam, while the transition frame 3 and balancing frame 4 move with the trailer 1. The material car 5 remains stationary and moves relative to the balancing frame 4. During the movement of the transition frame 3, the pressure roller 9 at its rear end flattens the rock debris. The material car 5 uses its own weight to compact the flattened rock debris. As the tunneling machine advances, the main conveyor belt transports the rock debris to the lifting machine 2, which then feeds the rock debris into the crushing hopper 10.

[0040] The shredding motor drives the drive shaft 22 to rotate. The drive shaft 22 drives the output gear ring 24 to rotate through the transmission gear ring 23 and the first and second drive gears. Due to the different transmission ratios, the output gear ring 24 driven by the second drive gear rotates at a higher speed than the output gear ring 24 driven by the first drive gear. The output gear ring 24 drives the shredding blades 18 to rotate. The shredding blades 18 on the upper and lower horizontal planes rotate at a lower speed than the shredding blades 18 on the middle horizontal plane. When the rock debris passes through the shredding blades 18 on the three horizontal planes, most of the rock debris is further shredded by the shredding blades 18 on the three horizontal planes. A small portion of the rock debris with a large diameter is missed. The rock debris after secondary crushing carries gravel and falls onto the gravel belt 12.

[0041] After secondary crushing, the rock debris flows out of the crushing hopper 10. When the rock debris that is not crushed by the crushing hopper 10 falls onto the crushing belt 12, the crushed stone is intercepted by the mesh belt 19 of the crushing belt 12, while the rock debris that is crushed into stone chips passes through the mesh belt 19 and falls onto the stone chip belt 13. Since the length of the stone chip belt 13 is less than the length of the crushing belt 12, the stone chips will be backfilled to the bottom of the tunnel first. Then, the larger diameter crushed stone is backfilled onto the stone chips by the crushing belt 12. The pressing roller 9 flattens the crushed stone and stone chips.

[0042] When the rock debris flowing out of the crushing hopper 10 exceeds the amount required for backfilling, the cylinder rod of the adjusting cylinder extends and drives the transmission roller 20 to move via the rotating shaft. This causes the transmission roller 20 to move closer to the transfer conveyor 15. During the movement of the transmission roller 20, several diamond-shaped telescopic structures of the mesh belt 19 are pulled by the transmission roller 20, actively undergoing radial stretching and passively undergoing axial compression. This increases the overall length of the mesh belt 19, thereby narrowing the holes on the mesh belt 19, allowing it to carry stone chips and gravel. The crushed stone belt 12 transports the rock debris to the transfer conveyor 15, which then transports the excess rock debris to the material cart 5. Once the amount of rock debris is controlled, the cylinder rod of the adjusting cylinder retracts, causing the transmission roller 20 to reset the mesh belt 19. The holes on the mesh belt 19 return to normal, and the stone chips and gravel are separated again by the mesh belt 19.

[0043] When the balancing frame 4 moves forward following the transition frame 3, the material cart 5 remains stationary. The cylinder rod of the stepping cylinder 6 gradually extends, and the material cart 5 uses its own weight to compact the backfilled rock slag. When the material cart 5 needs to move forward, the output end of the stepping foot support 7 rests on the rock slag and gradually lifts the material cart 5. The output rod of the stepping cylinder 6 slowly retracts, pulling the material cart 5 forward. When the stepping foot support 7 moves from one end of the support rail 8 to the other end, the output rod of the stepping cylinder 6 retracts, thus completing one step of the material cart 5. Through the cooperation of the stepping foot support 7 and the stepping cylinder 6, the material cart 5 moves forward step by step.

[0044] When the shredder 18 mates with the blade holder 21, the mating block 16 passes through the bayonet 30 and embeds into the central shaft of the sleeve gear 29. Then, the shredder 18 is rotated 90 degrees, and the sleeve gear 29 drives the locking gear 26 to rotate. The lock cylinder 27 slides in the slide groove 28. When the lock cylinder 27 has not reached the lock position, the locking spring is in a compressed state. When the lock cylinder 27 is in the lock position, the locking spring pushes the lock cylinder 27 into the lock position. The position of the lock cylinder gear 26 is locked by the pin between the lock cylinder 27 and the locking gear 26 to prevent the locking gear 26 from rotating. After the shredder 18 rotates, the shredder 18 is locked in the blade holder 21 by the mating block 16, which prevents the shredder 18 from falling out of the blade holder 21. When the shredder 18 needs to be replaced, install the lock cylinder 27 downwards to compress the locking spring and allow the lock cylinder 27 to enter the slide groove 28. Then, rotate the shredder 18 in the opposite direction to align the mating block 16 with the bayonet 30, after which the shredder 18 can be pulled out. The quick installation and removal of the shredder 18 is achieved through the configuration of the sleeve gear 29, the locking gear 29, and the lock cylinder 27.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine with an adaptive stepping backfilling mechanism, comprising a tunnel boring machine, a main belt conveyor, a trailer (1), and a transfer machine (15), wherein a main beam is installed at the rear of the tunnel boring machine, the main belt conveyor is installed inside the main beam, the trailer (1) is connected to the rear of the main beam, and a lifting machine (2) is installed above the trailer (1), characterized in that: The system includes a transition frame (3) and a material cart (5). The transition frame (3) is connected to the trailer (1). A balancing frame (4) is installed at one end of the transition frame (3). The material cart (5) is connected below the balancing frame (4). A crushing hopper (10) is installed at the end of the transition frame (3) near the trailer (1). One end of the lifting machine (2) is located above the feed inlet of the crushing hopper (10). A feeding belt and a pressing roller (9) are installed inside the transition frame (3) below the crushing hopper (10). The pressing roller (9) is located at one end of the feeding belt. A transfer machine (15) is installed inside the balancing frame (4). One end of the transfer machine (15) is close to the feeding belt, and the other end of the transfer machine (15) is located above the material cart (5). The feeding belt includes a crushed stone belt (12) and a stone chip belt (13). The crushed stone belt (12) is located below the crushing hopper (10) and above the stone chip belt (13). The length of the crushed stone belt (12) is greater than the length of the stone chip belt (13). The crushed stone belt (12) consists of two drive rollers (20) and a mesh belt (19) installed on the drive rollers (20). A groove is provided in the middle of the inner side of the mesh belt (19). A retaining ring is provided in the middle of the drive rollers (20). The retaining ring is located in the groove. The mesh belt (19) is formed by rotating and connecting several rhomboid telescopic structures. A set of slides (14) is symmetrically arranged on the transition frame (3). A rotating shaft is provided in the center of the drive rollers (20). One of the rotating shafts is located in the slide (14) and connected to an adjusting cylinder. The adjusting cylinder is installed on the outside of the transition frame (3). The other rotating shaft is connected to an output motor. The output motor is installed on the outside of the transition frame (3). The stone chip belt (13) is a belt conveyor. One end of the transfer machine (15) is close to the slide (14), and the other end of the transfer machine (15) is raised and located above the material car (5). A baffle plate is provided on the conveyor belt of the transfer machine (15).

2. A full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine with an adaptive stepping backfilling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two C-shaped rails are symmetrically and horizontally installed on the inner side of the balancing frame (4). Support plates are installed on both sides of the material cart (5) corresponding to the positions of the C-shaped rails. The support plates are located inside the C-shaped rails. Two pins are installed on the end of the material cart (5) away from the balancing frame (4). Each pin is connected to a stepping cylinder (6). The stepping cylinder (6) is installed inside the balancing frame (4). Two support rails (8) are installed on both sides of the lower end of the material cart (5). A return spring is installed inside the support rail (8). A stepping foot support (7) is slidably installed on the support rail (8). The part of the stepping foot support (7) inside the support rail (8) is connected to the return spring.

3. A full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine with an adaptive stepping backfill mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support shaft is installed at the center of the pressure roller (9), one of which passes through the transition frame (3) and is connected to a drive motor, which is installed on the outside of the transition frame (3).

4. A full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine with an adaptive stepping backfill mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transition frame (3) is provided with a scraper (17) at one end near the material cart (5), and the lower end of the scraper (17) is on the same horizontal plane as the lower end of the pressure roller (9).

5. A full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine with an adaptive stepping backfill mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shredding motor is installed above the shredding hopper (10). A main shaft (11) is installed inside the shredding hopper (10). The main shaft (11) is hollow and a drive shaft (22) is installed inside. The drive shaft (22) is connected to the output shaft of the shredding motor. Three annular grooves are vertically arranged on the outer side of the main shaft (11). An output gear ring (24) is rotatably installed in the annular grooves. Three tooth grooves are arranged inside the main shaft (11) corresponding to the position of the annular grooves. A first drive gear is installed in each of the tooth grooves located on the upper and lower horizontal planes. Two meshing second drive gears are installed in each of the tooth grooves located on the middle horizontal plane. The first drive gear and the second drive gear mesh with the output gear ring (24) through the tooth grooves. Three transmission gear rings (23) are installed on the drive shaft (22). The transmission gear rings (23) mesh with the first drive gear and the second drive gear. The transmission ratio between the first drive gear and the transmission gear ring (23) is greater than the transmission ratio between the second drive gear and the transmission gear ring (23). The output gear ring (24) is equipped with a blade holder (21), and the blade holder (21) is equipped with a shredder (18).

6. A full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine with an adaptive stepping backfill mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tool holder (21) has a box-like structure. An end cover (25) is installed at the opening of the tool holder (21). Two arc-shaped grooves (28) are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the end cover (25). A locking slot is milled upward from one end of the groove (28) on the end cover (25). An elliptical slot (30) is provided on the end face of the tool holder (21) away from the output gear ring (24). A sleeve gear (29) is rotatably installed inside the tool holder (21) at the position of the slot (30). A central part of the sleeve gear (29) is provided. The elliptical shaft opening has a locking gear (26) rotatably mounted at the lower center of the end cover (25). The sleeve gear (29) meshes with the locking gear (26) for transmission. A lock core (27) is axially mounted above the locking gear (26) at the position corresponding to the slide groove (28). A pin is mounted at the lower end of the lock core (27). The pin is slidably mounted in the locking gear (26). A locking spring is installed between the lock core (27) and the locking gear (26). The size of the lock core (27) is the same as the size of the lock opening. One end of the shredder (18) is fitted with a connecting block (16) via a shaft. The connecting block (16) is elliptical, and the length of the shaft is equal to the wall thickness of the blade holder (21).

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