Structure and method for preventing air leakage in compressed air energy storage chamber

Abstract

This invention provides a structure and method for preventing air leakage in compressed air storage chambers. The structure includes a guide crack formed in the concrete lining of the compressed air storage chamber and a pre-guided airtight structure installed at the guide crack. The pre-guided airtight structure includes a first supporting steel plate located on the outer circumferential surface of the concrete lining and a rubber sealing structure embedded in the guide crack. The first supporting steel plate is located outside the rubber sealing structure, and a groove is formed on the inner side of the rubber sealing structure. Second supporting steel plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the groove opening. The second supporting steel plates are fixedly connected to the first supporting steel plate by connecting ribs passing through the concrete lining. This invention, by pre-reserving a guide crack in the concrete masonry layer of the compressed air storage chamber and installing a pre-guided airtight structure at the crack location, provides circumferential stress support to the lining of the high-pressure air storage chamber, further reducing the risk of lining cracking, thereby ensuring the structural integrity of the high-pressure air storage chamber and effectively preventing gas leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage technology, specifically relating to a structure and method for preventing leakage in a compressed air energy storage chamber. Technical Background

[0002] Compressed air storage (CAS) power stations are a highly efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly energy storage solution. They fully utilize cheap electricity obtained during periods of low demand by converting electrical energy into compressed air for storage, and then releasing this compressed air during peak demand periods to convert it back into electrical energy, providing flexible power regulation for the grid.

[0003] To store compressed air, compressed air energy storage power stations require a reliable compressed air storage chamber, including a high-pressure storage tank, high-pressure storage chamber, or high-pressure storage silo. The structural integrity and airtightness of the compressed air storage chamber are crucial to the power station; any airtightness failure will lead to energy loss and potentially create significant safety hazards. Typically, the outer layer of the compressed air storage chamber is a reinforced concrete lining, while the inner layer is an airtight layer made of polymer material to retain the compressed air. However, the concrete lining is prone to cracking under compressed air pressure. Although the polymer airtight layer itself is not easily damaged by compressed air pressure, irregular cracks created after the lining cracks can cause the airtight layer to become embedded in the cracks and subjected to shear stress, leading to shear failure and posing a significant safety risk.

[0004] In the past, to address this problem, measures such as increasing the thickness of the concrete, increasing the amount of steel reinforcement, or using a high-strength concrete mix were often taken. However, these methods greatly increased construction costs and still could not completely solve the problems of lining cracking and airtight layer damage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the problem of high-pressure compressed air causing cracks in the lining concrete structure of the airtight layer in the air storage chamber, thereby leading to the destruction of the airtight layer. It provides a structure and method for preventing air leakage in the compressed air energy storage chamber. This structure can actively control the generation and development of cracks, ensure the structural integrity of the high-pressure air storage chamber, and effectively prevent gas leakage under high pressure.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides a structure for preventing leakage of a compressed air energy storage cavity, comprising surrounding rock and a circular compressed air energy storage cavity embedded in the surrounding rock. The structure further includes a guide crack opened on the concrete lining of the compressed air energy storage cavity and a pre-guided airtight structure installed at the guide crack. The guide crack is opened along the axial direction of the compressed air energy storage cavity from one end to the other. The pre-guided airtight structure includes a first supporting steel plate located on the outer ring surface of the concrete lining and a rubber sealing structure embedded in the guide crack. The width of the first supporting steel plate is greater than the width of the guide crack and is located between the concrete lining and the surrounding rock. The side of the rubber sealing structure away from the inner cavity of the compressed air energy storage cavity is in close contact with the supporting steel plate, and a groove is opened on the side adjacent to the inner cavity of the compressed air energy storage cavity. A second supporting steel plate is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the groove opening. One end of the second supporting steel plate is in close contact with the inner wall of the rubber sealing structure and is fixedly connected to the rubber sealing structure, and the other end extends to the outside of the guide crack and is fixedly connected to the first supporting steel plate by a connecting bar passing through the concrete lining.

[0007] A preferred technical solution of the present invention: the number N of guiding cracks is determined according to the concrete strength used in the concrete lining of the compressed air energy storage cavity, and the N guiding cracks are evenly distributed on the concrete lining. The relationship between the number of guiding cracks and the concrete strength used in the concrete lining is as follows:

[0008]

[0009] A preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a lubricating layer is provided between the first supporting steel plate and the surrounding rock, the first supporting steel plate is embedded in the concrete lining, and a first groove matching the thickness of the first supporting steel plate is reserved at both ends of the concrete lining corresponding to the embedding position of the first supporting steel plate.

[0010] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the connecting bar is a steel bar, and a cavity with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the connecting bar is provided on the concrete lining at the position where the connecting bar passes through.

[0011] A preferred embodiment of the present invention: the groove is formed in the middle of the rubber sealing structure, and the corner of the groove bottom is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer; the depth of the groove is h. c The chamfer angle θ and chamfer width w must satisfy the following conditions:

[0012]

[0013] 0 <h c <18mm

[0014] 15° < θ < 45°

[0015] 0.5 <w<6mm

[0016] Where: T is the tear threshold that the rubber sealing structure can withstand;

[0017] E p is the elastic modulus of the rubber; f is the coefficient of friction of the rubber;

[0018] Ra c The surface roughness of the side of the first supporting steel plate adjacent to the rubber sealing structure;

[0019] c3, c5, and c7 are constants representing the influence of rubber dimensions on shear force.

[0020] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: two second support steel plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the groove opening and embedded in the concrete lining. The two second support steel plates are respectively fixedly connected to the rubber sealing structure by locking bolts. A second groove body matching the thickness of the second support steel plate is provided at the end of the concrete lining corresponding to each second support steel plate away from the groove.

[0021] A preferred embodiment of the present invention: the radial depth of the guiding crack is equal to the thickness of the concrete lining, and the circumferential width L is calculated according to the following formula:

[0022]

[0023] Wherein: N is the number of guide cracks laid;

[0024] ΔS represents the deformation of the concrete lining;

[0025] c2 is a constant calculated based on experience from the deformation of the concrete lining to the radial height of the gap to be left.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for preventing leakage in a compressed air energy storage cavity. The method uses the above-mentioned structure for preventing leakage in a compressed air energy storage cavity to treat the compressed air energy storage cavity, and the specific process is as follows:

[0027] S1. First, determine the number N of guiding cracks based on the concrete strength selected for the concrete lining of the compressed air energy storage chamber. The relationship between the number N of guiding cracks and the concrete strength used for the concrete lining is as follows:

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] S2. The number N of guide cracks to be arranged as needed and the circumferential strain ε occurring in the compressed air storage cavity. a Then, the deformation ΔS of the concrete lining is used to determine the circumferential width L of a single pilot crack. The calculation process is as follows:

[0031] ①Based on the local loading constant n obtained from Saint-Venant's principle, and assuming that the surrounding rock does not fracture due to pressure, calculate the radial stress σ of the compressed air energy storage cavity. r and circumferential stress σ θ :

[0032] σ r =-p a

[0033]

[0034] Where, p a The air pressure inside the compressed air energy storage chamber;

[0035] k is the volume weight of the surrounding rock; γ is the mass of the surrounding rock;

[0036] a is the radius of the compressed air energy storage cavity; h is the burial depth of the compressed air energy storage cavity;

[0037] r is the distance from the center of the compressed air energy storage chamber to the calculation point;

[0038] The parameters for the following formulas are as shown above;

[0039] ②The elastic modulus of the gas storage tank is Ea. Assuming the surrounding rock does not fracture under pressure and is considered an elastic body, the circumferential strain ε of the gas storage tank is... θ The calculation process is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] ③ Considering that the surrounding rock is not an elastic body in reality, and that it is prone to fracture under pressures greater than 20 MPa, the circumferential strain ε of the gas storage tank after the failure of the non-elastic surrounding rock is... a The calculation method is as follows:

[0042] ε a =c1ε θ

[0043] Where c1 is a constant that should be calculated based on experience when transforming from ideal elastic surrounding rock to non-elastic surrounding rock;

[0044] ④ Based on the circumferential strain ε generated in the compressed air energy storage chamber a Calculate the deformation ΔS of the concrete lining:

[0045] ΔS=2πaε a

[0046] ⑤ Determine that the radial depth of a single pilot crack is equal to the thickness of the concrete lining, and calculate the circumferential width L of a single pilot crack based on the required number N of individual pilot cracks:

[0047]

[0048] S3. After the outline of the compressed air energy storage chamber is excavated in the surrounding rock, a lubrication layer is constructed on the inner surface of the surrounding rock.

[0049] S4. Concrete the compressed air energy storage cavity according to the number of guide cracks determined in step S1, and reserve a crack with a width of L calculated in step S2 at the set position to form a guide crack. At the same time, during the concrete pouring process, reserve a cavity with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the connecting bar at each connecting bar installation position.

[0050] S5. After the concrete masonry is poured and cured, install the pre-guided airtight structure; each pre-guided airtight structure includes a rubber sealing structure with a groove in the middle, a first support steel plate, and two second support steel plates; firstly, embed the rubber sealing structure into the guide crack, with the concave surface of its groove facing the inner cavity of the compressed air energy storage chamber, then install the first support steel plate on the outside of the guide crack, embedding the first support steel plate into the concrete masonry, and finally install two second support steel plates in the inner layer of the guide crack, embedding the two second support steel plates into the concrete masonry respectively, and fixing them to the positions on both sides of the groove opening of the rubber sealing structure by locking bolts. Finally, pass the connecting bar through the cavity reserved in step S4, and fix and lock its two ends respectively to fix and connect the first support steel plate and the second support steel plate.

[0051] A preferred technical solution of the present invention: In step S5, the groove of the pre-guided airtight structure is formed in the middle of the rubber sealing structure, and the corner of the groove bottom is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer; the depth h of the groove c The chamfer angle θ and chamfer width w must satisfy the following conditions:

[0052]

[0053] 0 <h c <18mm

[0054] 15° < θ < 45°

[0055] 0.5 <w<6mm

[0056] Where: T is the tear threshold that the rubber sealing structure can withstand;

[0057] E p is the elastic modulus of the rubber; f is the coefficient of friction of the rubber;

[0058] Ra c The surface roughness of the side of the first supporting steel plate adjacent to the rubber sealing structure;

[0059] c3, c4, c5, c6, and c7 are constants representing the influence of rubber dimensions on shear force.

[0060] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the lubricating layer in step S3 is completed by spraying molybdenum disulfide and diammonium hexametaphosphate.

[0061] This invention involves pre-reserving guiding cracks in the concrete masonry layer of the compressed air energy storage chamber and installing pre-guided airtight structures at the crack locations. The pre-reserved guiding cracks provide space for the deformation of the lining under circumferential stress, reducing the risk of lining cracking. The sealing structure filling the guiding cracks is a cantilever beam-shaped rubber structure, which can provide circumferential stress support for the lining of the high-pressure gas storage chamber, further reducing the risk of lining cracking, thereby ensuring the structural integrity of the high-pressure gas storage chamber and effectively preventing gas leakage.

[0062] The structure of this invention guides cracks to form in predetermined locations and directions, while ensuring that airtightness is maintained even when cracks occur. This solves the problems of airtightness layer damage caused by lining cracking and high costs due to the use of high-strength reinforced concrete in the prior art. The number of guide cracks on the compressed air energy storage cavity is set according to the strength of the concrete, and the crack width is calculated in combination with parameters such as the internal air pressure, surrounding rock parameters, cavity radius, and burial depth. This ensures that the number and width of cracks can meet the deformation space of the lining under circumferential stress. The compressed air energy storage cavity with guide cracks and pre-guided airtight structure can effectively guide and control the development of cracks, so that when the surrounding rock of the high-pressure gas storage chamber cracks, its airtight layer will not undergo shear failure leading to internal gas leakage, thus ensuring the safe and stable operation of the compressed air energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the high-pressure gas storage chamber in this invention.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the high-pressure gas storage chamber in this invention.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the pre-guided airtight joint in this invention.

[0066] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the pre-guided airtight joint in this invention.

[0067] In the diagram: 1—surrounding rock, 2—lubricating layer, 3—concrete lining, 4—first supporting steel plate, 5—rubber sealing structure, 6—second supporting steel plate, 7—second trough, 8—connecting rib, 9—first trough, 10—guide crack, 11—groove, 12—compressed air energy storage chamber, 13—cavity, 14—locking bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0068] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Figures 1 to 4 All accompanying drawings are simplified versions of embodiments and are intended only to clearly and concisely illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The technical solutions shown in the drawings below are specific solutions of embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0069] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "left," and "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0070] An embodiment provides a structure for preventing leakage of compressed air energy storage chambers, such as... Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the structure includes surrounding rock 1 and a circular compressed air energy storage cavity 12 embedded in the surrounding rock 1. Guide cracks 10 are formed on the concrete lining 3 of the compressed air energy storage cavity. A pre-guided airtight structure is provided at each guide crack 10. The number of guide cracks 10 is N, where N is greater than 1. The guide cracks 10 are formed along the axial direction of the compressed air energy storage cavity 12 from one end to the other. The radial depth of the guide cracks 10 is equal to the thickness of the concrete lining 3. N guide cracks 10 are evenly distributed on the concrete lining 3. A pre-guided airtight structure is installed at each guide crack 10. The pre-guided airtight structure includes a first supporting steel plate 4 located on the outer ring surface of the concrete lining 3 and a rubber sealing structure 5 embedded in the guiding crack 10. The width of the first supporting steel plate 4 is greater than the width of the guiding crack 10, and it is located between the concrete lining 3 and the surrounding rock 1. A lubrication layer 2 is provided between the first supporting steel plate 4 and the surrounding rock 1. The lubrication layer 2 can effectively reduce the friction generated when the first supporting steel plate 4 moves on the surrounding rock, and prevent the steel plate from falling off or being damaged due to friction. The first supporting steel plate 4 is embedded in the concrete lining 3. At both ends of the concrete lining 3 corresponding to the embedding position of the first supporting steel plate 4, a first groove 9 matching the thickness of the first supporting steel plate 4 is reserved to allow for concrete expansion space.

[0071] An embodiment provides a structure for preventing leakage of compressed air energy storage chambers, such as... Figures 1 to 4As shown, the side of the rubber sealing structure 5 away from the inner cavity of the compressed air energy storage chamber 12 is tightly attached to the supporting steel plate 4, and a groove 11 is provided on the side adjacent to the inner cavity of the compressed air energy storage chamber 12; a second supporting steel plate 6 is symmetrically provided on both sides of the opening of the groove 11. One end of the second supporting steel plate 6 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the rubber sealing structure 5 and is fixedly connected to the rubber sealing structure 5, and the other end extends to the outside of the guide crack 10. It is fixedly connected to the first supporting steel plate 4 through the concrete lining 3 by a connecting bar 8. The connecting bar 8 is a steel bar and can be connected to the supporting steel plate by welding. A cavity 13 with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the connecting bar 8 is provided on the concrete lining 3 at the position where the connecting bar 8 passes through, so as to avoid the steel bar colliding with the lining when the lining expands. The groove 11 is located in the middle of the rubber sealing structure 5, with a chamfered corner at the bottom. Two second support steel plates 6 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the groove opening of the groove 11 and embedded in the concrete lining 3. The two second support steel plates 6 are fixedly connected to the rubber sealing structure 5 by locking bolts 14. At the end of the concrete lining 3 corresponding to each second support steel plate 6 away from the groove 11, a second groove 7 with a thickness matching the second support steel plate 6 is provided to reserve space for possible expansion of the lining concrete under high pressure. The rubber sealing structure 5 is similar to a cantilever beam structure. The groove 11 can convert air pressure into a supporting force for the lining and can ensure that the airtight layer will not tear when sliding in the cavity.

[0072] Considering that different surrounding rock grades have different stability and cracking tendencies, a specific number of pre-guided airtight joint structures are designed for each surrounding rock grade to ensure the safety of the high-pressure gas storage chamber. Furthermore, compressed air storage power plants are generally not built in areas with poor lithology, but this invention provides a reference for the number of pre-guided airtight joints required for areas with poor lithology. In the embodiment, the number N of guide cracks 10 is determined based on the concrete strength used in the concrete lining 3 of the compressed air storage chamber 12, and N guide cracks 10 are evenly distributed on the concrete lining 3. The relationship between the number of guide cracks 10 and the concrete strength used in the concrete lining 3 is as follows:

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] The embodiment provides a method for preventing leakage in a compressed air energy storage cavity. The method employs the aforementioned leakage prevention structure to treat the compressed air energy storage cavity. The specific process is as follows:

[0076] S1. First, determine the number N of guiding cracks based on the strength of the concrete used for the concrete masonry of the compressed air energy storage chamber;

[0077] S2. The number N of guide cracks to be arranged as needed and the circumferential strain ε occurring in the compressed air storage cavity. a Then, the deformation ΔS of the concrete lining is used to determine the circumferential width L of a single pilot crack. The calculation process is as follows:

[0078] ①. Combined with the air pressure p inside the chamber a The following parameters are considered: volume weight k of the surrounding rock, mass γ of the surrounding rock, radius a of the gas storage chamber, burial depth h of the gas storage chamber, distance r from the center of the gas storage chamber to the calculation point, and the local loading constant n obtained according to Saint-Venant's principle. Assuming the surrounding rock does not fracture due to pressure, the radial stress σ of the gas storage chamber is also considered. r and circumferential stress σ θ The calculation method is as follows:

[0079] σ r =-p a

[0080]

[0081] Where, p a The air pressure inside the compressed air energy storage chamber;

[0082] k is the volume weight of the surrounding rock; γ is the mass of the surrounding rock;

[0083] a is the radius of the compressed air energy storage cavity; h is the burial depth of the compressed air energy storage cavity;

[0084] r is the distance from the center of the compressed air energy storage chamber to the calculation point;

[0085] The parameters for the following formulas are as shown above;

[0086] ②The elastic modulus of the gas storage tank is Ea. Assuming the surrounding rock does not fracture under pressure and is considered an elastic body, the circumferential strain ε of the gas storage tank is... θ The calculation process is as follows:

[0087]

[0088] ③ Considering that the surrounding rock is not an elastic body in reality, and that it is prone to fracture under pressures greater than 20 MPa, the circumferential strain ε of the gas storage tank after the failure of the non-elastic surrounding rock is... a The calculation method is as follows:

[0089] ε a =c1ε θ

[0090] Where c1 is a constant that should be calculated based on experience when transforming from ideal elastic surrounding rock to non-elastic surrounding rock;

[0091] ④ Based on the circumferential strain ε generated in the compressed air energy storage chamber aCalculate the deformation ΔS of the concrete lining:

[0092] ΔS=2πaε a

[0093] ⑤ Determine that the radial depth of a single pilot crack is equal to the thickness of the concrete lining, and calculate the circumferential width L of a single pilot crack based on the required number N of individual pilot cracks:

[0094]

[0095] S3. After the outline of the compressed air energy storage chamber is excavated in the surrounding rock, a lubrication layer is constructed on the inner surface of the surrounding rock; the lubrication layer is constructed by spraying molybdenum disulfide and diammonium hexametaphosphate.

[0096] S4. Concrete the compressed air energy storage cavity according to the number of guide cracks determined in step S1, and reserve a crack with a width of L calculated in step S2 at the set position to form a guide crack. At the same time, during the concrete pouring process, reserve a cavity with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the connecting bar at each connecting bar installation position.

[0097] S5. After the concrete masonry is poured and cured, install the pre-guided airtight structure; each pre-guided airtight structure includes a rubber sealing structure with a groove in the middle, a first support steel plate and two second support steel plates; firstly, embed the rubber sealing structure into the guide crack, with the concave surface of its groove facing the inner cavity of the compressed air energy storage chamber, then install the first support steel plate on the outside of the guide crack, the first support steel plate is embedded in the concrete masonry, and finally install two second support steel plates in the inner layer of the guide crack, the two second support steel plates are respectively embedded in the concrete masonry, and are fixed to the rubber sealing structure on both sides of the groove opening by locking bolts; finally, pass the connecting bar through the cavity reserved in step S4, and fix and lock its two ends respectively to fix and connect the first support steel plate and the second support steel plate.

[0098] For the polymer material constituting the airtight layer, let its tear threshold be T and its elastic modulus be E. p The coefficient of friction is f; the surface roughness of the rubber is Ra. c The depth h of the groove is then... c The chamfer angle θ and chamfer width w must satisfy the following conditions:

[0099]

[0100] 0 <h c <18mm

[0101] 15° < θ < 45°

[0102] 0.5 <w<6mm

[0103] Where: T is the tear threshold that the rubber sealing structure can withstand;

[0104] E p This is the elastic modulus of the rubber.

[0105] f is the coefficient of friction of the rubber;

[0106] Ra c The surface roughness of the side of the first supporting steel plate adjacent to the rubber sealing structure;

[0107] c3, c4, c5, c6, and c7 are constants representing the influence of rubber dimensions on shear force.

[0108] In the above embodiments, it is considered that the surrounding rock is not an elastic body in reality, and that the surrounding rock is prone to fracture under high pressure (greater than 20 MPa). Based on experience, after the non-elastic surrounding rock fails, the circumferential strain ε of the gas storage tank is... a The calculation method is as follows: ε a =c1ε θ

[0109] Where c1 is a constant calculated empirically from ideal elastic surrounding rock to non-elastic surrounding rock. Considering that different compressed air energy storage cavities have different inner diameters and concrete strengths, the corresponding c1 values ​​are designed for each inner diameter and strength as follows:

[0110]

[0111] The circumferential strain ε of the gas storage tank was obtained. a Afterwards, the deformation ΔS of the lining is:

[0112] ΔS=2πaε a

[0113] The radial depth of the gap is equal to the lining thickness. Given the required number N of sealing elastic joints, the radial height L of the gap is equal to:

[0114]

[0115] Where c2 is a constant calculated empirically from the deformation of the lining to the radial height of the required gap. Considering the expansion caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction of the concrete itself, the corresponding c2 value is designed for each expansion rate as follows:

[0116] Expansion rate (%) 0.01～0.05 0.05～0.1 0.1～0.2 0.2～0.3 0.3～0.5 coefficient c2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0

[0117] The constant coefficients c3, c4, c5, c6, and c7 used in the calculation of the groove dimensions of the rubber sealing structure in the above embodiments are designed with the following values ​​based on the different elastic moduli ranges of the polymer materials:

[0118]

[0119] The above description is merely one embodiment of the present invention, and while it is detailed and specific, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A structure for preventing leakage of a compressed air energy storage chamber, comprising surrounding rock (1) and a compressed air energy storage chamber (12) with a circular cross-section buried within the surrounding rock (1), characterized in that: The structure also includes a guide crack (10) opened on the concrete lining (3) of the compressed air energy storage cavity and a pre-guided airtight structure installed at the guide crack (10). The guide crack (10) is opened along the axial direction of the compressed air energy storage cavity (12) from one end to the other. The pre-guided airtight structure includes a first supporting steel plate (4) located on the outer ring surface of the concrete lining (3) and a rubber sealing structure (5) embedded in the guide crack (10). The width of the first supporting steel plate (4) is greater than the width of the guide crack (10). (3) Between the rubber sealing structure (5) and the surrounding rock (1), the side of the rubber sealing structure (5) away from the inner cavity of the compressed air energy storage chamber (12) is closely attached to the first support steel plate (4), and a groove (11) is provided on the side adjacent to the inner cavity of the compressed air energy storage chamber (12). A second support steel plate (6) is symmetrically provided on both sides of the opening of the groove (11). One end of the second support steel plate (6) is closely attached to the inner wall of the rubber sealing structure (5) and is fixedly connected to the rubber sealing structure (5). The other end extends to the outside of the guide crack (10) and is fixedly connected to the first support steel plate (4) through the connecting bar (8) passing through the concrete lining (3). The groove (11) is formed in the middle of the rubber sealing structure (5), and the corner of the groove bottom is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer; the depth of the groove (11) is h. c The chamfer angle θ and chamfer width w must satisfy the following conditions: ， 0<h c <18mm 15° < θ < 45° 0.5 <w<6mm Where: T is the tear threshold that the rubber sealing structure can withstand; E p This is the elastic modulus of the rubber. Ra c The surface roughness of the side of the first supporting steel plate adjacent to the rubber sealing structure; c3, c 4、 c 5、 c 6、 c7 are constants representing the effect of rubber dimensions on shear force.

2. The structure for preventing leakage of compressed air energy storage chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number N of the guide cracks (10) is determined according to the concrete strength used in the concrete lining (3) of the compressed air energy storage cavity (12), and the N guide cracks (10) are evenly opened on the concrete lining (3). The relationship between the number of guide cracks (10) and the concrete strength used in the concrete lining (3) is as follows: 。 3. A structure for preventing leakage of compressed air energy storage chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A lubrication layer (2) is provided between the first supporting steel plate (4) and the surrounding rock (1). The first supporting steel plate (4) is embedded in the concrete lining (3). At both ends of the concrete lining (3) corresponding to the embedding position of the first supporting steel plate (4), a first groove (9) matching the thickness of the first supporting steel plate (4) is reserved.

4. A structure for preventing leakage of compressed air energy storage chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The connecting bar (8) is a steel bar, and a cavity (13) with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the connecting bar (8) is provided on the concrete lining (3) at the position where the connecting bar (8) passes through.

5. A structure for preventing leakage of compressed air energy storage chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Two second support steel plates (6) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the groove (11) and embedded in the concrete lining (3). The two second support steel plates (6) are fixedly connected to the rubber sealing structure (5) by locking bolts (14). A second groove (7) matching the thickness of the second support steel plate (6) is provided at the end of the concrete lining (3) away from the groove (11) corresponding to each second support steel plate (6).

6. The structure for preventing leakage of compressed air energy storage chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radial depth of the guiding crack (10) is equal to the thickness of the concrete lining (3), and the circumferential width L is calculated according to the following formula: ， Where: N is the number of guiding cracks; This refers to the deformation of the concrete lining. c2 is a constant calculated based on experience from the deformation of the concrete lining to the radial height of the gap to be left.

7. A method for preventing leakage in a compressed air storage chamber, characterized in that: The method uses the air leakage prevention structure for the compressed air energy storage cavity described in claim 1 to treat the compressed air energy storage cavity, and the specific process is as follows: S1. First, determine the number N of guiding cracks based on the concrete strength selected for the concrete lining of the compressed air energy storage chamber. The relationship between the number N of guiding cracks and the concrete strength used for the concrete lining is as follows: S2. The number N of guide cracks to be arranged as needed and the circumferential strain occurring in the compressed air storage cavity. Subsequently, the deformation of the concrete lining The circumferential width L of a single guiding crack is determined, and the calculation process is as follows: ①Based on the local loading constant n obtained from Saint-Venant's principle, and assuming that the surrounding rock does not fracture due to pressure, calculate the radial stress of the compressed air energy storage cavity. and circumferential stress : ， in, The air pressure inside the compressed air energy storage chamber; k is the volume weight of the surrounding rock; γ is the mass of the surrounding rock; a is the radius of the compressed air energy storage cavity; h is the burial depth of the compressed air energy storage cavity; r is the distance from the center of the compressed air energy storage chamber to the calculation point; The parameters for the following formulas are as shown above; ②The elastic modulus of the gas storage tank is Ea. Assuming the surrounding rock does not fracture under pressure and is considered an elastic body, the circumferential strain of the gas storage tank is... The calculation process is as follows: ， ③ Considering that the surrounding rock is not an elastic body in reality, and that it is prone to fracture under pressures greater than 20 MPa, the circumferential strain occurring in the gas storage tank after the failure of the non-elastic surrounding rock is... The calculation method is as follows: ， Where c1 is a constant that should be calculated based on experience when transforming from ideal elastic surrounding rock to non-elastic surrounding rock; ④ Based on the circumferential strain generated in the compressed air energy storage chamber Calculate the deformation of the concrete lining. : ， ⑤ Determine that the radial depth of a single pilot crack is equal to the thickness of the concrete lining, and calculate the circumferential width L of a single pilot crack based on the required number N of individual pilot cracks: ； S3. After the outline of the compressed air energy storage chamber is excavated in the surrounding rock, a lubrication layer is constructed on the inner surface of the surrounding rock. S4. Concrete the compressed air energy storage cavity according to the number of guide cracks determined in step S1, and reserve a crack with a width of L calculated in step S2 at the set position to form a guide crack. At the same time, during the concrete pouring process, reserve a cavity with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the connecting bar at each connecting bar installation position. S5. After the concrete masonry is poured and cured, install the pre-guided airtight structure; each pre-guided airtight structure includes a rubber sealing structure with a groove in the middle, a first support steel plate, and two second support steel plates; firstly, embed the rubber sealing structure into the guide crack, with the concave surface of its groove facing the inner cavity of the compressed air energy storage chamber, then install the first support steel plate on the outside of the guide crack, embedding the first support steel plate into the concrete masonry, and finally install two second support steel plates in the inner layer of the guide crack, embedding the two second support steel plates into the concrete masonry respectively, and fixing them to the positions on both sides of the groove opening of the rubber sealing structure by locking bolts. Finally, pass the connecting bar through the cavity reserved in step S4, and fix and lock its two ends respectively to fix and connect the first support steel plate and the second support steel plate.

8. A method for preventing leakage of a compressed air energy storage chamber according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, the groove of the pre-guided airtight structure is formed in the middle of the rubber sealing structure, and the corner of the groove bottom is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer; the depth of the groove is h. c The chamfer angle θ and chamfer width w must satisfy the following conditions: ， 0<h c <18mm 15° < θ < 45° 0.5 <w<6mm Where: T is the tear threshold that the rubber sealing structure can withstand; E p is the elastic modulus of the rubber; f is the coefficient of friction of the rubber; Ra c The surface roughness of the side of the first supporting steel plate adjacent to the rubber sealing structure; c3、c 4、 c 5、 c 6、 c7 are constants representing the effect of rubber dimensions on shear force.

9. A method for preventing leakage of a compressed air energy storage chamber according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The lubricating layer in step S3 is applied by spraying molybdenum disulfide and diammonium hexametaphosphate.

Images