A method for promoting greening and controlling yellowing of golden holly to quickly form seedlings

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapid seedling formation of golden holly by promoting greening and controlling yellowing, which relates to the field of agricultural biotechnology, and comprises the following steps: (1) transplanting and dense planting: in spring, a dense planting cultivation method is adopted to transplant the annual cutting seedlings or tissue culture seedlings of golden holly, and the trunk is cultivated quickly; (2) shading and promoting greening: after transplanting, a shading net is set, combined with special foliar fertilizer spraying, to promote the greening of leaves, thereby accelerating plant growth; (3) fixing the trunk and controlling the crown: in the spring of the second year, after the seedlings reach 1-1.2m, the spacing between the rows and plants of the potted plants is increased, and the purpose of seedling shaping is achieved through physical and chemical pruning measures; (4) lighting and yellowing: before selling, the shading net is removed, and measures such as drug spraying and water and fertilizer control are taken to promote the leaves to quickly restore the golden color. The present invention shortens the cultivation cycle of golden holly by 1-2 years, effectively solves the problems of slow growth of current golden holly seedlings, long cultivation cycle of finished seedlings, high cost, etc., and realizes the rapid production of finished products and early benefits of golden holly planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural biotechnology, and more particularly to a method for promoting greening and controlling yellowing of golden holly seedlings. Background Art

[0002] 'Sunny Foster' (Ilex x attenuata 'Sunny Foster') is an important colorful leaf species of the genus Ilex. It is an evergreen small tree that is resistant to pruning and has strong adaptability. It is highly ornamental when planted alone or in groups, and can also be used for gardening and bonsai making. An important biological feature of the Sunny Foster is that the leaves of the tree canopy are golden yellow and remain unchanged throughout the year. Under natural conditions, the photosynthetic efficiency of these colorful leaves is low, and the plant grows slowly, which seriously affects the growth of the plant.

[0003] At present, most golden hollies are cultivated using one-year-old cuttings. It takes 4-5 years from field planting to shaping into large seedlings. The long cultivation cycle and high management costs have limited its industrialization process to a certain extent.

[0004] Therefore, how to speed up the cultivation of golden holly and shorten the cultivation cycle is an urgent problem that technicians in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for promoting greening and controlling yellowing of golden holly to quickly establish seedlings. The method makes full use of the coloring mechanism of golden holly's colorful leaves, and promotes the greening of leaves by moderately shading during the seedling stage and using nutrients in coordination, thereby improving the photosynthetic capacity and nutrient accumulation of leaves and accelerating the growth rate of golden holly. Before selling, by removing shading and controlling water and fertilizer, the leaves are quickly yellowed, the ornamental characteristics of colorful leaves are restored, the consistency of commercial seedling emergence can be ensured, and standardized production can be achieved. The present invention shortens the cultivation cycle of colorful holly 'golden holly' seedlings by 1-2 years, effectively solving the current production problems of slow growth of golden holly seedlings, long cultivation cycle of finished seedlings, and high cost, and realizes rapid production and early benefits of golden holly.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for promoting greening and controlling yellowing of golden holly seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Transplanting and dense planting: In spring, the dense planting method is adopted to transplant the annual cuttings or tissue culture seedlings of golden holly to quickly cultivate the main trunk;

[0009] (2) Shading to promote greening: After transplanting, set up a shade net and spray special foliar fertilizer to promote the greening of leaves, thereby accelerating plant growth;

[0010] (3) Stem setting and crown control: In the spring of the second year, when the seedlings reach 1-1.2 m, increase the spacing between potted plants and use physical and chemical pruning measures to achieve the goal of shaping the seedlings.

[0011] (4) Yellowing after exposure to sunlight: Before selling, remove the shade net and take measures such as spraying pesticides and controlling water and fertilizer to make the leaves quickly return to golden color.

[0012] Preferably, the one-year-old cutting seedlings or tissue culture seedlings in step (1) are seedlings with strong plants, well-developed root systems, and no diseases, insect pests or mechanical damage.

[0013] Preferably, the transplanting time in step (1) is 2-3 months, the close planting density is 25cm×25cm, and the cutting seedlings or tissue culture seedlings are transplanted into non-woven seedling bags, and the nursery topsoil and organic fertilizer mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 are used as the culture soil.

[0014] Beneficial effects: Through close planting, the branches and leaves between plants will shade each other, which can provide shade and promote greening, and can also quickly cultivate the main trunk. In addition, compared with the control group (plant spacing of 1m×1m), reasonable close planting can at least increase production and planting efficiency by more than 2 times.

[0015] Preferably, the shading rate of the shade net in step (2) is 55-65%.

[0016] Beneficial effects: Appropriate shading treatment promotes the maturation of chloroplasts of golden holly, reduces the activity of chlorophyll-degrading enzymes, promotes the accumulation of chlorophyll, further enhances photosynthesis, and promotes growth. Too high a shading rate will lead to insufficient light, affecting the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, while too low a shading rate will cause the leaves to turn yellow, which is not conducive to plant growth.

[0017] Preferably, the special foliar fertilizer in step (2) is urea with a mass concentration of 0.5%, which is sprayed 4-5 times during the growth period, once every 3-4 weeks.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Nitrogen can enhance the nutritional growth of plants and speed up the growth of stems and leaves. After applying foliar nitrogen fertilizer to golden holly, the chlorophyll content of the leaves increased by 40% compared with the control group (no nitrogen fertilizer was applied).

[0019] Preferably, the row spacing in step (3) is 60 cm×80 cm.

[0020] Preferably, the physical and chemical pruning measures in step (3) are to adjust the crown structure, cut off the top of the trunk, prune the single branch at the top, and gradually prune the top branches and leaves into a spherical or pyramidal shape or other required shapes, and then prune the miscellaneous branches on the trunk, and combine the use of special foliar fertilizer (0.5% urea) with 1000ppm paclobutrazol and 10ppm IBA for spraying once to promote branching and increase the number of branches; in autumn, the second pruning and shaping is carried out according to the first method to form a complete, compact, plump and uniform crown to improve the landscape effect.

[0021] Preferably, step (4) is carried out on a sunny day in summer, after removing the shade net, the seedlings are exposed to direct sunlight, at which time the light intensity at noon is above 60,000 Lux, and 100 ppm of a stimulant (methylpiperidin aqueous solution) solution is sprayed once, and the supply of special foliar fertilizer is stopped.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The leaves of the plants quickly turn yellow within half a month. At the same time, spraying the growth enhancer can improve the stress resistance of the leaves. Compared with the control (no spraying of the growth enhancer), the rate of leaf scorch caused by direct sunlight in summer can be reduced by more than 80%.

[0023] Another object of the present invention is to provide application of the above method in rapid cultivation of golden holly seedlings.

[0024] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for rapid greening and yellowing of golden holly seedlings, which adopts the technical measure of "shading first and then lighting", solving the current production problems of slow growth of golden holly seedlings, long cultivation cycle of finished seedlings, and high cost. Compared with conventional cultivation technology, its outstanding features and excellent effects are:

[0025] 1. Based on the understanding of the coloring mechanism of colorful holly golden holly, by selecting the best shading conditions, the leaves are prompted to turn green during the seedling growth period, the photosynthetic capacity and nutrient accumulation of the leaves are improved, and the golden holly grows rapidly.

[0026] 2. Through artificial lighting to restore yellowing, the consistency of commercial seedlings can be ensured and standardized production can be achieved.

[0027] 3. At present, it takes 4-5 years from planting to shaping large seedlings through conventional cultivation of golden holly. Compared with the control (conventional cultivation), the present invention cultivates 3-year-old golden holly commercial seedlings, greatly shortens the cultivation period of golden holly commercial seedlings, and overcomes the defect of long growth cycle.

[0028] 4. The cultivation method of the present invention solves the problem of long seedling raising period by measures such as shading, is easy to operate, low in cost, and has obvious effect. It can reduce the technical difficulty and investment of planting management, achieve early benefits, and has good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the dense planting of golden holly of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the greening promotion period of golden holly of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the yellowing period of the golden holly of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A method for rapidly cultivating three-year-old container seedlings of golden holly, comprising the following steps:

[0036] 1. Transplanting and dense planting

[0037] Select one-year tissue culture seedlings with strong seedlings, well-developed root systems, and no diseases, pests or mechanical damage, adopt dense planting cultivation method (25cm×25cm), transplant before March, transplant the tissue culture seedlings into a non-woven bag with a specification of 25cm×20cm filled with culture soil, and then put the non-woven bag in a flowerpot. The culture soil is a mixture of nursery topsoil and organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 7:3.

[0038] 2. Shade to promote greening

[0039] After planting, immediately build a shed to provide shade, and the shading rate of the shade net is 55-65%; combined with spraying special foliar fertilizer (foliar nitrogen fertilizer with a mass concentration of 0.5%), spray 4-5 times during the growing season, once every 3-4 weeks, to promote the greening of leaves, thereby accelerating plant growth.

[0040] 3. Stem control crown

[0041] When the height of the seedlings reaches 1-1.2m (the second spring after planting), adjust the spacing between rows and plants in the potted plants to a density of 60cm for each plant and 80cm for each row. Adjust the crown structure, cut off the top of the trunk, prune the single branch at the top, and gradually prune the top branches and leaves into a ball, pyramid or other shape. Prune the miscellaneous branches on the trunk, and combine foliar nitrogen fertilizer (0.5% urea) with 1000ppm paclobutrazol and 10ppm IBA for spraying once to promote branching and increase the number of branches. Perform the second pruning and shaping in autumn to form a complete, compact, plump and uniform crown to improve the landscape effect.

[0042] 4. Yellowing after exposure to light

[0043] Before selling (on a sunny summer day in the third year), remove the shading treatment, allow the seedlings to receive direct sunlight, and spray 100ppm of acetaminophen (methylpiperidin aqueous solution) solution once, stop the supply of 0.5% foliar nitrogen fertilizer, and promote the leaves to turn yellow quickly.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Investigation on the effect of different shading amounts

[0046] After transplanting densely (25 cm×25 cm) in the manner of Example 1, the plants were placed under different light environments such as full light, 30% shade, 60% shade and 90% shade for growth. In the spring of the second year after planting, photosynthesis and growth indexes were measured.

[0047] Table 1 Differences in photosynthetic pigments and growth indicators of golden holly leaves under different light environments

[0048]

[0049] The test results showed that with the increase of shading degree, the chlorophyll content of golden holly leaves showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Under the 60% shading environment, the chlorophyll content reached the maximum value. Each process of photosynthesis is closely related, and the influence of different light intensities on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of golden holly leaves is also sensitive. Under normal physiological conditions, the maximum light energy conversion efficiency Fv / Fm value of PSⅡ of most higher plants is basically around 0.8, which is relatively constant except under stress. In the experiment, the Fv / Fm value only reached 0.8 under 60% shading degree, indicating that both full light and heavy shading conditions caused the golden holly leaves to be photoinhibited, so shading conditions have an important influence on the cultivation of golden holly seedlings. Under 60% shading environment, the chlorophyll content of golden holly seedlings increased and the photosynthetic efficiency was improved. It can also be seen from its morphological indicators that the seedling height increment and ground diameter increment are the largest under 60% shading environment. This shows that moderate shading (shading degree 60%) is the best light intensity for the growth of golden holly seedlings. During the artificial cultivation process, moderate shading measures can be adopted to facilitate the growth of golden holly.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] One-year tissue culture seedlings with strong seedlings, well-developed root systems, and no pests and mechanical damage were selected. Conventional cultivation density (1m×1m) was adopted. Transplantation was carried out before March. The tissue culture seedlings were transplanted into non-woven bags filled with culture soil with a specification of 25cm×20cm, and then the non-woven bags were placed in flower pots. The culture soil was a mixture of nursery topsoil and organic fertilizer with a mass ratio of 7:3. After planting, full light cultivation was adopted. No shading was performed during the entire growth period, and no special foliar fertilizer was sprayed. Conventional water and fertilizer management was adopted. Growth indicators were measured in the summer of the third year.

[0052] Table 1 Effects of different culture methods on the morphological growth indicators of golden holly seedlings

[0053]

[0054] The test results show that in the third year of planting, the average ground diameter, average seedling height and average tree crown of the golden holly seedlings in Example 1 increased by 42.86%, 36.36% and 33.33% respectively compared with the comparative example 1. At the same time, combined with the calculation of the planting density, Example 1 increased the production and planting efficiency by more than 2 times. At present, the price of each three-year-old container golden holly plant in the market is 800-3000 yuan. The cultivation method of the present invention can achieve rapid production and profit of golden holly planting.

[0055] Comparative Example 2

[0056] On the basis of Example 1, the step of spraying special foliar fertilizer (urea with a mass concentration of 0.5%) was reduced in the shading and greening step, that is, shed shading was adopted, but special foliar fertilizer was not sprayed. In the spring of the second year after planting, chlorophyll index was measured.

[0057] Table 3 Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer treatments on chlorophyll indexes of golden holly seedlings

[0058] Technical Parameters Example 1 Comparative Example 3 <![CDATA[Chlorophyll content (mg·g -1 FW)]]> 1.676 1.189

[0059] The test results showed that the leaf chlorophyll contents of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were 1.676 and 1.189 mg·g -1 FW. After foliar nitrogen fertilizer was applied to golden holly, the chlorophyll content of the leaves increased by 41% compared with the control group (no nitrogen fertilizer was applied), indicating that nitrogen can enhance the nutritional growth of golden holly.

[0060] Comparative Example 3

[0061] On the basis of Example 1, the step of spraying the growth hormone was reduced in the step of yellowing after illumination, that is, the shading treatment was removed before sale, so that the seedlings were exposed to direct sunlight, but 100 ppm of the growth hormone (methylpiperidin aqueous solution) solution was not sprayed. After yellowing, the fresh leaf area, burnt leaf area and burnt leaf rate were calculated using a plant image analyzer. Burnt leaf rate = burnt leaf area / total leaf area × 100%.

[0062] Table 5 Effects of different growth-enhancing hormone treatments on the scorched leaf rate of golden holly seedlings

[0063] Technical Parameters Example 1 Comparative Example 4 Burnt leaf rate (%) 9.55 48

[0064] The test results show that the scorched leaf rate of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 are 9.55% and 48% respectively, and the scorched leaf rate of Example 1 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 3. This indicates that spraying the growth hormone can improve the stress resistance of leaves, and compared with the control (without spraying the growth hormone), the scorched leaf rate can be reduced by more than 80%.

[0065] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0066] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for promoting greening and controlling yellowing of golden holly, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Transplanting and dense planting: In spring, the annual cuttings or tissue culture seedlings of golden holly are transplanted by dense planting to quickly cultivate the main trunk; the transplanting time is February to March, and the dense planting density is 25 cm×25 cm; (2) Shading to promote greening: After transplanting, a shade net is set up and sprayed with special foliar fertilizer to promote the greening of leaves, thereby accelerating plant growth; the shading rate of the shade net is 55-65%; the special foliar fertilizer is urea with a mass concentration of 0.5%, which is sprayed 4-5 times during the growth period, once every 3-4 weeks; (3) Stem setting and crown control: In the spring of the second year, when the seedlings reach 1-1.2 m, increase the spacing between rows and plants in pots, and use physical and chemical pruning measures to achieve the purpose of seedling shaping; the spacing between rows and plants is 60 cm × 80 cm; (4) Yellowing after illumination: Before the third year of sale in the summer, remove the shade net and take measures such as spraying drugs and controlling water and fertilizer to make the leaves quickly restore to golden color. In step (4), select a sunny day in summer, remove the shade net, and expose the seedlings to direct sunlight. At this time, the light intensity at noon is above 60,000 Lux, and spray 100 ppm of mepiquat solution once, and stop supplying special foliar fertilizer.

2. The method for promoting greening and controlling yellowing of golden holly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-year-old cutting seedlings or tissue culture seedlings in step (1) are seedlings with strong plants, well-developed root systems, and no diseases, insect pests, or mechanical damage.

3. The method for promoting greening and controlling yellowing of golden holly according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (1) transplanting the cutting seedlings or tissue culture seedlings into a non-woven seedling bag, and mixing the nursery topsoil and organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 7:3 as the culture soil.

4. The method for promoting greening and controlling yellowing of golden holly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The physical and chemical pruning measures in step (3) are to adjust the crown structure, cut off the top of the trunk, prune the single long branch at the top, and gradually prune the top branches and leaves into a spherical or pyramidal shape or other required shapes, and then prune the miscellaneous branches on the trunk, and combine the use of special foliar fertilizers with 1000 ppm paclobutrazol and 10 ppm IBA for spraying once; in autumn, the second pruning and shaping is carried out according to the first method.

5. Application of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4 in rapid seedling cultivation of golden holly.

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