A method for controlling atomic distortion energy in metallic materials through macroscopic energy loading

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for controlling the atomic distortion energy of metallic materials through macroscopic energy loading, comprising: S1, clamping the positive and negative electrodes of an electric shock device at both ends of the longitudinal direction of the sample; S2, adjusting the parameters of the electric shock device, wherein the electric shock time is 0.02-2 s and the current density is 0.1 A / mm². 2 ~200A / mm 2 The current ranges from 30A to 300A; S3, the sample undergoes electrical shock treatment, with 1 to 100 shocks performed, each with an interval of 2 to 10 seconds. This invention utilizes electrical shock treatment on the surface of high-strength metal materials to repair stress concentrations and some microscopic defects generated during the material forming process, improve the microstructure of high-strength bearing steel, homogenize the stress distribution within the material, and regulate the high-strength alloy steel at the atomic level. This results in a more uniform distribution of elements and homogenization of atomic distortion energy. The operation is simple, time-saving, and labor-saving. Furthermore, by regulating the material at the atomic level, which determines its properties, it is more targeted, improving the microstructure, homogenizing stress and internal energy, and fundamentally improving the mechanical properties of the material.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic energy field regulation and reinforcement, and particularly relates to a method for regulating microstructure and homogenizing internal energy of high-strength aero-engine bearing steel by using super large pulse current to improve service performance. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing demand for light weight and safety in aerospace, many high-strength steels are widely used in key complex components such as aero-engine bearings. Since the forming requirements and difficulties of high-strength steels are significantly increased, the control of forming defects is also increasingly difficult. The main problems of the current forming technology of aero-engine bearing steel include great forming difficulty and unstable performance of the product. The high-strength steel of aero-engine bearing has high hardness, high strength and high toughness, so in the forming process, it needs to go through multiple processing and heat treatment procedures, which is difficult to operate and the process is complex. Due to the imperfection of the forming technology, the performance of the product is unstable, and there are some defects, such as residual stress, uneven grain size, etc., which will affect the quality and service life of the aero-engine bearing. At present, the common methods to reduce the forming defects of aero-engine bearing steel mainly include reducing oxidation in the heat treatment process, controlling composition, selecting appropriate rolling parameters, and controlling cooling rate. In the heat treatment process, the heating speed, heating temperature and cooling rate can be controlled to reduce oxidation in the heat treatment process, and protective gas or vacuum environment can also be used to reduce oxidation. Controlling the composition and selecting appropriate protective elements can reduce forming defects; increasing the content of sodium element can effectively improve the high-temperature strength and reduce the plasticity of the product; controlling the sulfur content can reduce the sulfide content in the bearing steel to avoid defects such as cracks and pores in the forming process. Selecting appropriate rolling parameters such as temperature, deformation amount and deformation rate can reduce defects in the rolling process, and appropriate rolling parameters can improve the precision and quality of the forming process. Controlling the cooling rate can avoid the defects such as cracks and pores caused by too loose structure of the steel. According to the specific situation of the bearing steel, appropriate cooling rate can effectively reduce the forming defects.

[0003] However, these methods still have some shortcomings. For aero-engine bearing steel, high temperature and pressure are required in the forming process, which will cause great pressure on equipment and energy consumption. The inclusions such as carbides and oxides in the aero-engine bearing steel will also have negative effects on the mechanical properties and toughness of the material. Hot rolling is easy to cause grain growth, which will affect the mechanical properties and toughness of the material. Although cold rolling can reduce the grain size, it is easy to cause stress concentration and micro-cracks, which will cause brittle fracture of the aero-engine bearing material. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present application is to provide a method for realizing atomic distortion energy regulation of metal materials by macro energy loading, which uses electric shock to treat the surface of metal, and the electric shock treatment can improve the microstructure and homogenize the internal stress of the metal through the action of high-energy charges and ions, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the material, i.e., regulating the distortion energy at the atomic scale.

[0005] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve the above technical problem is:

[0006] A method for realizing atomic distortion energy regulation of metal materials by macro energy loading, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, clamping the positive and negative electrodes of the electric shock device at the two ends of the sample in the longitudinal direction;

[0008] S2, regulating the parameters of the electric shock device so that the parameters are within a reasonable and safe range, wherein the electric shock time is 0.02-2s, the current density is 0.1A / mm 2 ~200A / mm 2 , and the current size is 30A-300A;

[0009] S3, electric shock treatment of the sample, i.e., passing current to the sample to make it subjected to electric shock.

[0010] In the above scheme, in step S3, the number of electric shock treatments is 1-100 times.

[0011] In the above scheme, the interval between each electric shock treatment is 2s-10s.

[0012] In the above scheme, in step S1, before clamping the positive and negative electrodes of the sample, the area of the sample in contact with the electrode is polished and cleaned, and then the sample is contacted with the electrode.

[0013] In the above scheme, the electric shock device comprises a power supply, a converter, a voltage amplifier, a current indicator and a copper electrode; the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the converter, the converter is connected to the voltage amplifier, and the voltage amplifier is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply to form a synchronous starting circuit; one end of the voltage amplifier is connected to the current indicator, and the other end of the voltage amplifier and the other end of the indicator are indirectly connected to two copper electrodes, respectively, and the two copper electrodes are used to press the metal sample to form a complete circuit.

[0014] The present application has the following advantages:

[0015] This invention utilizes electro-impact treatment to repair the surface of high-strength metallic materials (such as aero-engine bearing steel), addressing stress concentrations and microscopic defects generated during the forming process. This improves the microstructure of the high-strength bearing steel and homogenizes the internal stress distribution. This method regulates the high-strength alloy steel at the atomic level, resulting in a more uniform distribution of elements and homogenized atomic distortion energy. Compared to current mainstream methods for reducing defects, this method is simpler to operate, saves time and effort, and, by regulating the material at the atomic level—which determines its properties—it is more targeted, improving microstructure, homogenizing stress and internal energy, and fundamentally enhancing the material's mechanical properties. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric shock device for processing metal samples in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 These are images of the microstructure region of the aero-engine bearing steel before and after electrical impact in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a Gaussian statistical representation of the internal stress distribution in the microstructure region of the aero-engine bearing steel before and after the electrical impact in this embodiment of the invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the wear depth and width of the aero-engine bearing steel before and after the electrical impact in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Power supply; 2. Converter; 3. Voltage amplifier; 4. Current indicator; 5. Copper electrode; 6. Metal sample. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] This invention proposes a method for controlling the atomic distortion energy of metallic materials through macroscopic energy loading, thereby improving the microstructure and strain distribution of high-strength metals, making the micro-strain of the metal more uniform, and fundamentally improving the mechanical properties of the material. The method includes the following steps:

[0024] S1. Clamp the positive and negative electrodes of the electric shock device at both ends of the sample in the longitudinal direction. The advantage of longitudinal clamping is that the contact area with the sample is small, and the adjustable range of current density is relatively large. Preferably, before clamping the positive and negative electrodes, the area of ​​the sample that is to be in contact with the electrodes is polished and cleaned, and then the sample is brought into contact with the electrodes to prevent other human impurities on the sample and avoid short circuits during electric shock.

[0025] S2. Adjust the parameters of the electric shock equipment to ensure they are within a reasonable and safe range, and pre-set the electric shock time. The electric shock time is 0.02-2 seconds, and the current density is 0.1 A / mm². 2 ~200A / mm 2 The current ranges from 30A to 300A.

[0026] S3. Perform electrical shock treatment on the sample, that is, apply an electric current to the sample to subject it to an electrical shock. The number of electrical shock treatments is 1 to 100 times. During the electrical shock process, there should be an interval of 2 to 10 seconds between each shock to avoid the sample temperature from being subjected to a large current shock in a short period of time too high. The interval is to allow the material to cool down.

[0027] This invention utilizes electro-impact treatment to treat the surface of high-strength metals. Electro-impact treatment is a surface treatment method that applies a momentary high-energy voltage to the metal surface. Under the influence of an electric field, the corresponding charges and ions on the metal surface interact strongly, causing changes in the microstructure and internal strain of the metal surface. After electro-impact treatment, the interaction of high-energy charges and ions on the surface leads to changes in the metal lattice structure and grain refinement. Simultaneously, electro-impact treatment can also homogenize the internal strain of the material, thereby improving its mechanical properties. Specifically, electro-impact treatment uses a short-pulse current to raise the potential of the metal surface to an extremely high level, resulting in enhanced ion detection activity, causing microstructural changes and stress release on the metal surface. In summary, electro-impact treatment, through the interaction of high-energy charges and ions, can improve the microstructure and homogenize the internal stress of the metal, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the material, i.e., controlling distortion energy at the atomic scale. Compared to the commonly used methods for forming high-strength bearing steel to reduce defects, the electro-impact process is simpler and requires less time. It can homogenize internal stress at the atomic level, reduce internal energy, improve the uniformity of the material, and enhance its mechanical properties, thereby significantly improving wear resistance.

[0028] The following describes the method of using macroscopic energy loading to achieve atomic-scale energy control of aero-engine bearing metal materials, using aero-engine main shaft bearing material as the original sample (sample size 28mm×28mm×4mm). The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0029] S1. First, polish and clean the area where the sample and electrode are in pre-contact, and then bring the sample into contact with the electrode, that is, clamp the positive and negative poles of the electric shock device at both ends of the sample in the longitudinal direction.

[0030] The electrical impact equipment used, such as Figure 1As shown, the circuit includes a power supply 1, a converter 2, a voltage amplifier 3, a current indicator 4, and copper electrodes 5. The positive terminal of the power supply 1 is connected to the converter 2, which in turn is connected to the voltage amplifier 3. The voltage amplifier 3 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply 1, forming a synchronous starting circuit. The converter 2 converts the direct current (DC) from the power supply 1 into alternating current (AC) for the experiment. Simultaneously, one end of the voltage amplifier 3 is connected to the current indicator 4, and the other end of the voltage amplifier 3 and the other end of the indicator are connected to two copper electrodes 5. These two copper electrodes 5 press the metal sample 6 together, forming a complete circuit. The purpose of this circuit is to convert the DC current from the power supply 1 into the AC current required for the experiment. The voltage amplifier 3 is used to obtain a larger voltage required for the experiment. The current indicator 4 determines whether the input current is AC. When the indicator displays an AC current pattern, it indicates that the converter 2 has successfully converted the DC current into AC current.

[0031] S2. Adjust the parameters of the electric shock device to ensure they are within a reasonable and safe range, and pre-set the pulse time. Specifically, set the electric shock time to 0.02s and the current density to 53A / mm². 2 The current is 130A.

[0032] S3. Perform electrical shock treatment on the sample, that is, apply an electric current to the sample to subject it to an electrical shock. The total time for the electrical shock treatment is 0.5s, which is completed in 25 pulses. After each electrical shock, there is a 2s interval before the next electrical shock is performed.

[0033] This invention, through appropriate electro-impact parameter processing, causes atoms to migrate to the solid surface, resulting in a more uniform elemental distribution and thus improving material homogeneity. Electro-impact treatment of aero-engine bearing steel can homogenize the strain distribution of the material's microstructure and reduce internal stress. (Attached...) Figure 2 The image shows grain boundary regions of the microstructure of aero-engine bearing steel before and after electrical shock. The Gaussian distribution of strain can be obtained using strain diagrams, as shown in the attached image. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, before electrical shock treatment, the average strain at the grain boundaries was -0.0296 μS with a standard deviation of 0.00139 μS; after electrical shock treatment, the average strain at the grain boundaries was -0.000896 μS with a standard deviation of 0.000210 μS, indicating that the strain decreased and became more uniform, effectively reducing stress concentration. The improvement in microstructure and strain homogenization enhances the mechanical properties of the aero-engine bearing material, thus improving its wear resistance. (See attached figure.) Figure 4 As shown, under the same wear conditions, the wear depth before electrical shock was 25 μm and the width of the wear mark was 1.35 mm. After electrical shock, due to the homogenization of atomic distortion energy, the wear depth was only 15 μm and the width of the wear mark was 1.3 mm, and the wear resistance was significantly improved.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for macro-energy loading to realize atomic distortion energy regulation of metal materials, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, clamping the positive and negative poles of the electric shock device at the two ends of the sample in the longitudinal direction; S2, regulating the parameters of the electric shock device, so that the parameters are within a reasonable and safe range, wherein the electric shock time is 0.02-2s, the current density is 0.1A / mm 2 ~200A / mm 2 , and the current size is 30A-300A; S3, electric shock treatment is performed on the sample, i.e. the sample is powered to be subjected to electric shock.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the macro-energy loading is implemented by a method comprising: In step S3, the number of times of electric shock treatment is 1-100.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the macro-energy loading is implemented by a method comprising: The interval between each electric shock treatment is 2-10 seconds.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the macro-energy loading is implemented by a method comprising: In step S1, before the sample is clamped with the positive and negative poles, the area of the sample in contact with the electrode is polished and cleaned, and then the sample is contacted with the electrode.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the macro-energy loading is implemented by a method comprising: The electric shock device comprises a power supply, a converter, a voltage amplifier, a current indicator and copper electrodes; the positive pole of the power supply is connected to the converter, the converter is connected to the voltage amplifier, the voltage amplifier is connected to the negative pole of the power supply to form a synchronous starting circuit; one end of the voltage amplifier is connected to the current indicator, the other end of the voltage amplifier and the other end of the indicator are indirectly connected to two copper electrodes respectively, and the two copper electrodes are used to press the metal sample to form a complete loop.

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