A laboratory waste liquid fractional pyrolysis device

Abstract

The application provides a laboratory waste liquid grading thermal cracking device, a low-temperature combustion supporter of a low-calorific value waste liquid processor (1) extends into a low-temperature furnace chamber; a heat exchanger is arranged in the low-temperature furnace chamber, a flue gas outlet arranged at the top of a high-calorific value waste liquid cracker (3) is connected with an inlet of the heat exchanger, and an outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with an exhaust gas purifier (4) and an exhaust fan (5) in sequence; a primary separator is arranged below the low-temperature furnace chamber; the primary separator is communicated with the lower part of the high-calorific value waste liquid cracker (3) through a pipeline; a high-temperature combustion supporter of the high-calorific value waste liquid cracker (3) can extend into a high-temperature furnace chamber; a flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the high-temperature furnace chamber and can pass high-temperature flue gas into the heat exchanger; a waste gas inlet is arranged below the high-temperature furnace chamber and communicated with the primary separator, and can introduce low-temperature waste gas separated by the primary separator. The application can classify and grade laboratory waste liquid, solves the problem of inorganic waste liquid thermal treatment, and can also high-temperature crack organic waste liquid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of purification equipment technology and relates to a graded pyrolysis device for laboratory waste liquid. Background Technology

[0002] Laboratory waste liquids mainly come from the experimental research laboratories of various scientific research institutions and the research and teaching laboratories of universities. Due to the complexity of experiments, sometimes inorganic experiments are required and sometimes organic experiments are required. Therefore, the waste liquids collected from experiments have their own special characteristics: small volume, strong intermittency, high hazard, and complex and variable composition.

[0003] Based on the nature of the main pollutants contained in the waste liquid, it can be divided into two main categories: laboratory organic waste liquid and inorganic waste liquid.

[0004] Organic waste liquid contains commonly used organic solvents, organic acids, ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, organophosphorus compounds, phenols, petroleum products, oils, and halogenated organic compounds. It has a relatively high calorific value, and the current method for treating organic waste liquid is to use high-temperature pyrolysis.

[0005] Inorganic waste liquid mainly contains heavy metals, heavy metal complexes, acids and alkalis, cyanides, sulfides, halide ions and other inorganic ions, and its calorific value is very low. There are usually two methods for treating inorganic waste liquid: one is to use solvents to chemically treat the inorganic waste liquid and then filter it; the other is to use low-temperature heat treatment methods.

[0006] For low-temperature thermal treatment of inorganic waste liquids, the process requires the use of auxiliary fuels or simultaneous treatment with high-calorific-value organic waste liquids in the same furnace. However, using auxiliary fuels alone consumes a large amount, resulting in high energy consumption during the treatment of inorganic waste liquids. Even when high-calorific-value organic waste liquids can support the treatment of inorganic waste liquids, the inorganic waste liquids contain inorganic salts, heavy metals, and other particulate matter. During high-temperature treatment, these particles will precipitate onto the furnace walls, forming coke, or condense on the water-cooled heat exchange surfaces, forming scale, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. If a low-temperature environment is chosen to treat the waste liquid to avoid particle precipitation, the high-calorific-value organic waste liquids cannot be fully decomposed. Especially when the high-calorific-value organic waste liquids contain halogens, improper treatment can lead to the generation of dioxins, easily causing secondary environmental pollution.

[0007] Furthermore, during laboratory experiments, if waste liquids are not properly sorted and collected, low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquids and high-calorific-value organic waste liquids may end up being collected in the same container. In such cases, if the inorganic waste liquids are treated using a low-temperature pyrolysis method alone, the high-calorific-value organic waste liquids will not be fully decomposed; if the organic waste liquids are treated using a high-temperature pyrolysis method, heavy metals and other particulate matter in the inorganic waste liquids will precipitate out during the high-temperature treatment and form coke on the furnace wall.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a thermal treatment technology capable of handling inorganic waste liquids. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the current situation of existing technology, the present invention provides a laboratory waste liquid classification and pyrolysis device, which can classify and grade laboratory waste liquid, solve the problem of inorganic waste liquid heat treatment, and at the same time, can pyrolyze organic waste liquid at high temperature; and can avoid the phenomenon of particulate matter in inorganic waste liquid precipitating out and forming coking or ash on the wall surface during the heat treatment of inorganic waste liquid.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] The present invention provides a laboratory waste liquid classification pyrolysis device, which includes: a low calorific value waste liquid processor, a high calorific value waste liquid pyrolyzer, a tail gas purifier, an exhaust fan, and a waste liquid transfer pump.

[0012] The low-calorific-value waste liquid processor has a low-temperature furnace; a low-temperature combustion booster can extend into the low-temperature furnace; a waste liquid transfer pump is connected to a low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun; a heat exchanger is installed inside the low-temperature furnace, the inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas outlet set at the top of the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer, and the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected in sequence to the tail gas purifier and the exhaust fan.

[0013] A primary separator is installed below the low-temperature furnace, and a slag discharge mechanism is connected below the primary separator. The primary separator is connected to the lower part of the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer through a pipeline, so that the low-temperature waste gas after preliminary separation is sent into the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer.

[0014] The high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer has a high-temperature furnace; a high-temperature combustion aid can extend into the high-temperature furnace; a waste liquid transfer pump is connected to the high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun; a flue gas outlet is opened at the top of the high-temperature furnace to allow the high-temperature flue gas generated by the high-temperature pyrolysis reaction to be introduced into the heat exchanger in the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor; a waste gas inlet is opened at the bottom of the high-temperature furnace to connect with the primary separator, which can introduce the low-temperature waste gas separated by the primary separator.

[0015] More preferably:

[0016] The staged pyrolysis device further includes a secondary filter, which is installed between the primary separator and the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolysis unit. It is connected to the primary separator and the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolysis unit through a pipeline, and can send the waste gas separated by the primary separator into the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolysis unit.

[0017] More preferably:

[0018] The primary separator is a structure with a large volume in the middle and small volume at both ends, consisting of an upper constriction section, a middle straight section, and a lower constriction section. The upper constriction section is connected to the low-temperature furnace. The middle straight section is located between the upper and lower constriction sections, and the lower constriction section leads to the slag discharge mechanism. The cross-sectional area of ​​the middle straight section is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the low-temperature furnace.

[0019] More preferably:

[0020] The staged pyrolysis device further includes: a heat storage and combustion stabilizer;

[0021] The regenerator is connected to the inner wall of the high-temperature furnace; the regenerator has multiple gradually expanding holes; the inlet of the gradually expanding holes is small and the outlet is large, so the exhaust gas enters from the small end and exits from the large end.

[0022] More preferably:

[0023] Temperature measuring instruments are installed on both low-temperature and high-temperature furnaces to measure the temperature of the air inside the furnace.

[0024] More preferably:

[0025] The staged pyrolysis device also includes a central control system, which can receive temperature signals from temperature measuring instruments via wired or wireless means, and whose control signals can be transmitted to the control terminals of the high-temperature combustion engine and the low-temperature combustion engine via wired or wireless means.

[0026] More preferably:

[0027] The central control system is used to compare the low temperature signal with the lowest low temperature threshold and the highest low temperature threshold. When the comparison result confirms that the temperature of the low temperature furnace has reached the highest low temperature threshold, the system controls the low temperature combustion booster to stop working. When the temperature of the low temperature furnace is confirmed to be lower than the lowest low temperature threshold, the system controls the low temperature combustion booster to start and continue working until the temperature of the low temperature furnace reaches the highest low temperature threshold.

[0028] The central control system is also used to compare the high temperature signal with the highest and lowest high temperature thresholds. When the temperature of the high temperature furnace reaches the highest high temperature threshold, the system controls the high temperature combustion booster to stop working. When the temperature is confirmed to be lower than the lowest high temperature threshold, the system controls the high temperature combustion booster to start and continue working until the temperature of the high temperature furnace reaches the highest high temperature threshold.

[0029] More preferably:

[0030] The staged pyrolysis device also includes: a waste liquid identifier and a central control system;

[0031] The waste liquid identifier is used to identify the calorific value of the waste liquid;

[0032] The signal input terminal of the central control system can receive the calorific value signal of the waste liquid identifier via wired or wireless means, and its control signal can be transmitted to the control terminal of the waste liquid transfer pump via wired or wireless means.

[0033] More preferably:

[0034] The central control system compares the set calorific value threshold with the calorific value of the waste liquid identified by the waste liquid identifier. Based on the comparison result, it outputs control commands to control the operation of the waste liquid transfer pump: if the calorific value of the waste liquid to be treated is greater than the set calorific value threshold, it is confirmed that the waste liquid to be treated is high-calorific-value waste liquid, and the waste liquid transfer pump is started to inject the waste liquid into the high-temperature furnace of the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer through the high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun; if the calorific value of the waste liquid to be treated is less than the set calorific value threshold, it is considered that the waste liquid to be treated is low-calorific-value waste liquid, and the waste liquid transfer pump is started to inject the waste liquid into the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor through the low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun.

[0035] More preferably:

[0036] The waste liquid transfer pump includes a first waste liquid transfer pump and a second waste liquid transfer pump; the first waste liquid transfer pump is connected to a low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun; and the second waste liquid transfer pump is connected to a high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun.

[0037] The staged pyrolysis device further includes a central control system; the signal input terminal of the central control system can receive the calorific value signal of the waste liquid identifier via wired or wireless means, and its control signal can be transmitted to the control terminals of the first waste liquid transfer pump and the second waste liquid transfer pump via wired or wireless means.

[0038] As can be seen from the above technical solution of the present invention, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] This invention utilizes a low-calorific-value waste liquid processor to perform low-temperature heat treatment on low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid in a low-temperature environment. Unreacted high-calorific-value organic matter in this environment, as vapor, enters a high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer along with the low-temperature exhaust gas generated during the treatment, where it undergoes further high-temperature pyrolysis. This achieves graded and classified treatment of mixed laboratory waste liquids containing both organic and inorganic waste liquids. Furthermore, the low-temperature environment of the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor prevents particulate matter from precipitating and forming coke on the furnace wall or condensing on the water-cooled heat exchange surface to form scale. The high-temperature environment of the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer allows for targeted treatment of halogen-containing organic waste liquids, preventing excessive dioxin production. Therefore, this invention ensures that mixed laboratory waste liquids containing both organic and inorganic waste liquids are fully reacted, and the emitted exhaust gas meets national emission standards.

[0040] This invention introduces the high-temperature flue gas from a high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer into the heat exchanger of a low-calorific-value waste liquid processor, while the low-temperature tail gas from the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor is introduced into the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer; thus, the waste heat of the waste gas is fully utilized, reducing the amount of combustion fuel used and saving energy.

[0041] This invention can simultaneously treat high-calorific-value organic waste liquid and low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid, or it can treat a single type of waste liquid. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the laboratory waste liquid staged pyrolysis device of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat storage and flame stabilizing device in this invention.

[0044] Figure label:

[0045] Low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1; low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 11, heat exchanger 12, low-temperature furnace 13, primary separator 14, slag discharge mechanism 15, low-temperature combustion aid 16; secondary filter 2; high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3; high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 31, combustion aid 32, heat storage and flame stabilizing device 33, high-temperature furnace 34, flue gas outlet 35; tail gas purifier 4; exhaust fan 5; waste liquid identifier 6; first waste liquid transfer pump 7; second waste liquid transfer pump 8. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0047] The terms used in this application, such as top, bottom, left, right, inside, outside, front end, rear end, head, and tail, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. Different drawings may result in different positional relationships, therefore they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection.

[0048] In this invention, the terms "installation," "connection," "interlocking," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between components. They can also refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, they can refer to the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0049] Example:

[0050] This invention provides a laboratory waste liquid fractionation pyrolysis device, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1, a secondary filter 2, a high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3, a tail gas purifier 4, an exhaust fan 5, a waste liquid identifier 6, a first waste liquid transfer pump 7, and a second waste liquid transfer pump 8.

[0051] The low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 has a low-temperature furnace 13; a low-temperature combustion aid 16 can extend into the low-temperature furnace 13; a first waste liquid transfer pump 7 is connected to a low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 11, which can pump low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid into the low-temperature furnace 13; a heat exchanger 12 is installed inside the low-temperature furnace 13, the inlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected to the flue gas outlet provided at the top of the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3, and the outlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected in sequence to the tail gas purifier 4 and the exhaust fan 5;

[0052] The high-temperature flue gas flowing from the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 in the low-temperature combustion aid 16 and / or heat exchanger 12 of the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 can keep the air temperature of the low-temperature furnace 13 in a set low-temperature range that allows the low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid to evaporate fully.

[0053] A primary separator 14 is installed below the low-temperature furnace of the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1, which can perform preliminary separation of gas and solid particulate matter in the low-temperature waste gas generated by evaporation; the primary separator 14 is connected to the lower part of the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 through a pipe, so that the low-temperature waste gas after preliminary separation is sent into the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3.

[0054] The high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 has a high-temperature furnace 34; a high-temperature combustion aid 32 can extend into the high-temperature furnace 34; a second waste liquid transfer pump 8 is connected to a high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 31, which can pump high-calorific-value organic waste liquid into the high-temperature furnace 34; a flue gas outlet 35 is opened at the top of the high-temperature furnace 34, which can pass the high-temperature flue gas generated by the high-temperature pyrolysis reaction into the heat exchanger 12 in the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1; a waste gas inlet is opened at the bottom of the high-temperature furnace 34, which is connected to the first-stage separator 14, and can introduce the low-temperature waste gas separated by the first-stage separator 14;

[0055] The high-temperature combustion aid 32 in the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 and / or the low-temperature exhaust gas from the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 keep the air in the high-temperature furnace 34 within a set high-temperature range that enables the high-calorific-value organic waste liquid to undergo thermal pyrolysis.

[0056] After evaporation, the low-calorific-value waste liquid becomes a mixed waste gas of gaseous and solid particulate matter. It enters the primary separator 14 for gravity separation, where most of the solid particulate matter is separated out. The separated particulate matter is collected and discharged from the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 through the slag discharge mechanism 15. The waste gas separated by the primary separator 14 enters the secondary filter 2, where small solid particulate matter is filtered out from the mixed waste gas again. The filtered waste gas, carrying high-calorific-value organic matter that has not been pyrolyzed at low temperature, enters the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 in a steam state, where it undergoes pyrolysis treatment together with the high-calorific-value organic waste liquid. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the pyrolysis treatment enters the heat exchanger 12 in the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 from the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3. The heat exchanger 12 heats the low-calorific-value waste liquid to evaporate it, while the flue gas temperature decreases. After being treated by the flue gas purifier 4, it is discharged through the exhaust fan 5 in compliance with standards.

[0057] In order to effectively identify the type of waste liquid, the present invention may also include a waste liquid identifier 6 for identifying the calorific value of the waste liquid.

[0058] To achieve automatic control, the present invention may also include a central control system.

[0059] The central control system can receive temperature signals from temperature measuring instruments via wired or wireless means, and its control signals can be transmitted to the control terminals of the high-temperature combustion booster 32 and the low-temperature combustion booster 16 via wired or wireless means.

[0060] The signal input terminal of the central control system can receive the calorific value signal of the waste liquid identifier 6 via wired or wireless means, and its control signal can be transmitted to the control terminal of the waste liquid transfer pump via wired or wireless means.

[0061] The signal input terminal of the central control system can receive the calorific value signal of the waste liquid identifier 6 via wired or wireless means, and its control signal can be transmitted to the control terminal of the first waste liquid transfer pump 7 and the second waste liquid transfer pump 8 via wired or wireless means.

[0062] The detailed structure and function of each component are as follows:

[0063] 1. Low-calorific-value waste liquid processor

[0064] The low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 can evaporate inorganic waste liquid and halogen-free low-calorific-value waste liquid, and perform preliminary gas and solid particulate separation on the waste gas generated by evaporation. The heat required for low-temperature evaporation comes from the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas generated during the pyrolysis of high-calorific-value waste liquid by the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3, or the heat generated by the low-temperature combustion aid installed inside it.

[0065] The low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 includes a low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 11, a heat exchanger 12, a low-temperature furnace 13, a primary separator 14, a slag discharge mechanism 15, and a low-temperature combustion aid 16.

[0066] The low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 11 is installed at the top of the low-temperature furnace 13 and is used to spray the low-calorific-value waste liquid and air into the low-temperature furnace 13. After being identified by the waste liquid identifier 6, the low-calorific-value waste liquid is sent into the low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 11 through the first waste liquid transfer pump 7; air is introduced into the low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 11 from the air inlet.

[0067] The low-temperature furnace 13 is constructed of steel with a smooth inner wall surface, making it difficult for particulate matter to adhere to its surface, and easy to clean if it does adhere. The exterior of the low-temperature furnace 13 is wrapped with an insulation layer, which effectively prevents heat loss.

[0068] The heat exchanger 12 is located inside the low-temperature furnace 13, and can achieve a full reaction of the waste liquid through heat exchange with the waste liquid through its outer surface. The heat exchanger 12 adopts a spiral tube or spring tube structure to increase the heat exchange area and reduce the volume. The upper outlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected in sequence to the tail gas purifier 4 and the exhaust fan 5 to discharge the tail gas after the reaction of the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1; the lower inlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected to the flue gas outlet 35 at the top of the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 to introduce the high-temperature flue gas generated by the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3.

[0069] The primary separator 14 is located below the low-temperature furnace 13, connecting upwards to the low-temperature furnace 13, and its bottom end leads to the slag discharge mechanism 15. The primary separator 14 includes an upper constriction section, a middle straight section, and a lower constriction section, forming a structure with a large middle section and small ends, exhibiting a dramatic volume change. The upper constriction section connects to the low-temperature furnace 13; the middle straight section lies between the upper and lower constriction sections, and the lower constriction section leads to the slag discharge mechanism 15. The cross-sectional area of ​​the middle straight section of the primary separator 14 is larger than that of the low-temperature furnace 13, which is more conducive to the gravity separation of the mixed waste gas of gaseous substances and solid particulate matter formed by low-temperature evaporation in the low-temperature furnace 13, allowing the solid particulate matter to be separated from it.

[0070] The primary separator 14 adopts a structure with a large volume in the middle and small volume at both ends. The mixed waste gas formed by evaporation in the low-temperature furnace 13 enters the primary separator 14. Due to the structure with a large volume in the middle and small volume at both ends, the volume of the mixed waste gas changes drastically, and the flow rate of the mixed waste gas will change drastically. The heavier and larger particles in the mixed waste gas are separated from the waste gas due to weight loss and fall into the slag discharge mechanism 15. After accumulating to a certain amount, they are discharged.

[0071] The cryogenic combustion booster 16 extends into the cryogenic furnace 13 from the top, maintaining the set temperature of the high-temperature furnace in real time to prevent sudden flameout and furnace explosion during waste liquid treatment. The cryogenic combustion booster 16 can use gaseous fuels such as natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas; liquid fuels such as kerosene, diesel, or gasoline; or electric heating. Through the cryogenic combustion booster 16, the cryogenic furnace 13 is maintained within a set low-temperature range, such as 20–300°C. This set low-temperature range is suitable for the low-temperature evaporation of waste liquid, and it does not reach the melting temperature of particulate matter, thus preventing coking or scale buildup in the cryogenic furnace.

[0072] The low-temperature furnace 13 is equipped with instruments to monitor the air temperature inside the furnace and provide real-time feedback to the central control system. Temperature measuring instruments (such as thermocouples) inserted into the low-temperature furnace are used to monitor the temperature inside the low-temperature furnace in real time and provide feedback to the central control system. The central control system controls the working mode of the low-temperature combustion booster 16: when the temperature of the low-temperature furnace 13 reaches the highest low-temperature threshold, the central control system controls the low-temperature combustion booster 16 to stop working; when the temperature is lower than the lowest low-temperature threshold, the central control system controls the low-temperature combustion booster 16 to start and continue working until the temperature of the low-temperature furnace 13 reaches the highest low-temperature threshold.

[0073] In the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1, the waste liquid flows downward from the top of the low-temperature furnace 13; the high-temperature flue gas from the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 enters the heat exchanger 12 and flows upward, thereby ensuring indirect heat exchange without contact between the waste liquid and the high-temperature flue gas. Moreover, the waste liquid and the high-temperature exhaust gas flow in opposite directions, and the temperature difference of the counter-current heat exchange is large, which can make full use of the waste heat of the exhaust gas and save energy.

[0074] Secondary filter 2:

[0075] Secondary filter 2 is used to further filter the waste gas generated by low-temperature evaporation, removing most of the solid particles and preventing coking and ash buildup during subsequent high-temperature pyrolysis. One end of secondary filter 2 leads to the slag discharge mechanism 15, and the other end leads to the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3.

[0076] After passing through the secondary filter 2, the small solid particles in the mixed waste gas that has passed through the slag discharge mechanism 15 are filtered out again, and the filtered waste gas enters the high calorific value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3.

[0077] The secondary filter uses corrosion-resistant materials such as glass fiber, non-woven fabric, and PTFE.

[0078] The low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 is connected to the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 through the secondary filter 2 connected to the slag discharge mechanism 15, so that the organic matter of the waste liquid after low-temperature treatment enters the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 in gaseous form, making it easier to achieve thorough and harmless treatment.

[0079] In this invention, the secondary filter 2 may not be provided. In this case, the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 is directly connected to the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 through the slag discharge mechanism 15.

[0080] III. High-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolysis unit 3

[0081] The high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 is used to perform harmless thermal pyrolysis treatment on the waste gas generated by low-temperature evaporation and the high-calorific-value waste liquid in the laboratory mixed waste liquid, while providing an energy heat source for low-temperature evaporation.

[0082] The high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 includes a high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 31, a high-temperature combustion aid 32, a heat storage and stabilizing combustion device 33, and a high-temperature furnace 34.

[0083] The high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 31 is located at the bottom of the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3, and can mix the high-calorific-value waste liquid with air and spray it into the high-temperature furnace 34. The high-calorific-value waste liquid is sent into the high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 31 through the second waste liquid transfer pump 8; air is introduced into the high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 31 through the air inlet.

[0084] The high-temperature combustion booster 32 extends into the high-temperature furnace 33. The operation of the high-temperature combustion booster 32 can maintain the gas in the high-temperature furnace 34 within a set high-temperature range, such as 850 to 1200°C. The temperature of the high-temperature furnace is maintained within the set high-temperature range. The high-calorific-value waste liquid injected into the furnace is treated through a high-temperature pyrolysis reaction, which can meet the standards for waste liquid treatment.

[0085] The high-temperature combustion booster 32 can maintain the temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 within the set high-temperature range in real time, preventing the furnace from suddenly going out and causing an explosion during the waste liquid treatment process.

[0086] The high-temperature combustion booster 32 can use gaseous fuels (such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, etc.) or liquid fuels (such as kerosene, diesel, gasoline, etc.); it can also be heated by electric heating or other methods.

[0087] The high-temperature furnace 33 is equipped with instruments to monitor the air temperature inside the furnace and provide real-time feedback to the central control system. Temperature measuring instruments (such as thermocouples) inserted into the high-temperature furnace are used to monitor the temperature inside the high-temperature furnace in real time and provide feedback to the central control system. The central control system controls the working mode of the high-temperature combustion booster 32: when the temperature of the high-temperature furnace 34 reaches the highest high-temperature threshold, the central control system controls the high-temperature combustion booster 32 to stop working; when the temperature is lower than the lowest high-temperature threshold, the central control system controls the high-temperature combustion booster 32 to start and continue working until the temperature of the high-temperature furnace 34 reaches the highest high-temperature threshold.

[0088] The heat storage and stabilizing burner 33 is connected to the inner wall of the high-temperature furnace 34. It is used to absorb the heat generated by the thermal decomposition of waste liquid, increase its own temperature, stabilize the combustion of newly injected waste liquid, and prevent flameout in the high-temperature furnace 34 during the waste liquid treatment process.

[0089] The structure of the heat storage and flame stabilizing device 33 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the heat storage and stabilizing burner 33 has a cross-section smaller than the inner diameter of the high-temperature furnace 34, which facilitates its connection to the inner wall of the high-temperature furnace 34. The heat storage and stabilizing burner 33 has multiple gradually expanding holes. The inlet of the gradually expanding hole is small and the outlet is large. The exhaust gas enters from the small end and exits from the large end. The inlet diameter of the gradually expanding hole is D2, the outlet diameter is D3, and D3 = (1.5~3) times D2. D1 is the diameter of the heat storage and stabilizing burner 33. The cross-sectional area of ​​the section where D1 is located is A1, and the inlet cross-sectional area of ​​all the gradually expanding holes is A2. Then A1 = (1.2~4) times A2.

[0090] The heat storage and flame stabilizer 33 is made of non-metallic materials that are resistant to high temperatures and corrosion.

[0091] The high-temperature furnace 34 has a flue gas inlet near the bottom that connects to the secondary filter 2, used to filter the waste gas generated by the reaction in the low-temperature furnace before introducing it into the high-temperature furnace 34. The high-temperature furnace 34 has a flue gas outlet 35 at the top, which connects to the inlet of the heat exchanger 12 in the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 through a flue gas passage.

[0092] IV. Exhaust Gas Purifier 4

[0093] The exhaust gas purifier 4 is used to treat the flue gas generated from waste liquid treatment in a harmless manner. The purification measures adopted by the exhaust gas purifier 4 include desulfurization, denitrification, dust removal, and activated carbon adsorption.

[0094] V. Waste Liquid Identifier 6

[0095] Waste liquid identifier 6 is used to identify the calorific value of waste liquid; the pipeline input end of waste liquid identifier 6 is connected to the waste liquid input pipeline; the first pipeline output end is connected to the input end of the first waste liquid transfer pump 7, and the second pipeline output end is connected to the second waste liquid transfer pump 8; the signal output end is connected to the central control system via wired or wireless means.

[0096] This invention can also employ a waste liquid transfer pump and a three-way control valve to direct waste liquid to the low-temperature furnace 13 and the high-temperature furnace 34. In this case, the pipeline input end of the waste liquid identifier 6 is connected to the waste liquid input pipeline; the pipeline output end is connected to the input end of the waste liquid transfer pump; the three-way control valve is connected after the waste liquid transfer pump and is respectively connected to the high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 31 and the low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 11; the signal output end of the waste liquid identifier 6 is connected to the central control system via wired or wireless means. The signal end of the central control system is connected to the three-way control valve and the waste liquid transfer pump. By controlling the direction conversion of the three-way control valve and the opening of the waste liquid transfer pump, the waste liquid is directed to the low-temperature furnace 13 or the high-temperature furnace 34.

[0097] VI. Central Control System

[0098] The central control system is used to receive the calorific value of the waste liquid transmitted by the waste liquid identifier 6, determine the type of laboratory waste liquid based on the calorific value, and start the corresponding working mode according to the different types of waste liquid; and receive the temperature signals set in the low temperature furnace 13 and the high temperature furnace 34 in real time, and control the working mode of the low temperature oxidizer 16 and the high temperature oxidizer 32 according to the temperature signals.

[0099] The central control system can be implemented using a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) or a DCS (Distributed Control System), and it has a built-in first comparator and first actuator, second comparator and second actuator, and third comparator and third actuator.

[0100] The first comparator compares the set calorific value threshold with the calorific value of the waste liquid identified by the waste liquid identifier 6, and sends the comparison result to the first actuator. The first actuator outputs a control command based on the comparison result to control the operation of the waste liquid transfer pump: if the calorific value of the waste liquid to be treated is greater than the set calorific value threshold, it is confirmed that the waste liquid to be treated is a high calorific value waste liquid, and the waste liquid transfer pump is started to pump the waste liquid into the high-temperature furnace of the high calorific value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 through the high calorific value waste liquid spray gun 31; if the calorific value of the waste liquid to be treated is less than the set calorific value threshold, it is considered that the waste liquid to be treated is a low calorific value waste liquid, and the waste liquid transfer pump is started to pump the waste liquid into the low-temperature furnace of the low calorific value waste liquid processor 1 through the low calorific value waste liquid spray gun 11.

[0101] The second comparator compares the low-temperature signal with the set minimum and maximum low-temperature thresholds, and controls the operating mode of the low-temperature combustion booster 16 via the second actuator:

[0102] The central control system receives the low-temperature signal from the temperature measuring instruments (such as thermocouples) in the furnace chamber in real time. It then compares the low-temperature signal with the minimum and maximum low-temperature thresholds through the second comparator. If the temperature of the low-temperature furnace chamber 13 reaches the maximum low-temperature threshold, the central control system controls the low-temperature combustion booster 16 to stop working through the second actuator. If the temperature is lower than the minimum low-temperature threshold, the central control system controls the low-temperature combustion booster 16 to start and continue working through the second actuator until the temperature of the low-temperature furnace chamber 13 reaches the maximum low-temperature threshold.

[0103] The third comparator compares the low-temperature signal with the set first and second high-temperature thresholds, and controls the operating mode of the high-temperature combustion booster 32 via the third actuator:

[0104] The central control system receives the high-temperature signal from the temperature measuring instruments (such as thermocouples) inside the high-temperature furnace 34 in real time, and compares the high-temperature signal with the highest and lowest high-temperature thresholds through the third comparator. If the temperature of the high-temperature furnace 34 reaches the highest high-temperature threshold, the central control system controls the high-temperature combustion booster 32 to stop working through the third actuator. If the temperature is lower than the lowest high-temperature threshold, the central control system controls the high-temperature combustion booster 32 to start and continue working through the third actuator until the temperature of the high-temperature furnace 34 reaches the highest high-temperature threshold.

[0105] The first, second, and third actuators mentioned above can be set separately, or a single actuator can replace all the functions of the three actuators.

[0106] Working principle of the invention:

[0107] 1. When laboratory waste liquid contains both organic and inorganic waste liquids, and the organic and inorganic waste liquids are collected in different containers, this invention simultaneously treats them using a low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 and a high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3. Before operation, ensure that the valves of the exhaust gas purifier, primary separator, and secondary separator are all open. The specific operation process is as follows:

[0108] First, the process of starting the high-temperature furnace is as follows:

[0109] Start the high-temperature combustion aid 32 inside the high-temperature furnace 34; monitor whether the air temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 has reached the minimum high-temperature threshold; if the minimum high-temperature threshold is reached, start timing; when the time reaches the set time, and the air temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 has not reached the minimum high-temperature threshold, it is considered that the air temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 has met the working conditions.

[0110] The following describes the simultaneous processing of waste liquid by the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 and the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3:

[0111] Start the exhaust fan 5;

[0112] High-calorific-value organic waste liquid is injected into the high-temperature furnace 34, and the high-calorific-value organic waste liquid is measured by the data fed back by the flow meter; at the same time, the timing is started; until the high-calorific-value organic waste liquid injected into the high-temperature furnace 34 reaches the maximum processing capacity of the high-temperature furnace, the waste liquid transportation is stopped.

[0113] During the pyrolysis of high-calorific-value organic waste liquid, the air temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 is monitored in real time by instruments. The working mode of the high-temperature combustion aid 32 is controlled according to the monitored air temperature and the set maximum and minimum high-temperature thresholds, so that the air temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 is stably maintained in the set high-temperature range. When the set time is reached, it is considered that the pyrolysis of high-calorific-value organic waste liquid in the current high-temperature furnace is completed, and high-calorific-value organic waste liquid is continued to be pumped into the high-temperature furnace 34.

[0114] Simultaneously, during the pyrolysis of high-calorific-value organic waste liquid, the air temperature inside the low-temperature furnace 13 is monitored in real time by instruments to determine whether the monitored air temperature has reached the minimum low-temperature threshold. If it has, it is confirmed that the low-temperature furnace is ready to treat low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid. At this point, the low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid is treated using the low-temperature furnace 16, as follows:

[0115] Low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid (or inorganic waste liquid mixed with a small amount of organic waste liquid) is pumped into the low-temperature furnace 16, and the low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid is measured by the data fed back by the flow meter; at the same time, the timing is started; the waste liquid is stopped when the low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid pumped into the low-temperature furnace 16 reaches the maximum processing capacity of the low-temperature furnace.

[0116] During the heat treatment of low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid, the air temperature inside the low-temperature furnace 13 is monitored in real time by instruments. The working mode of the low-temperature combustion booster 16 is controlled according to the monitored air temperature and the set maximum and minimum low-temperature thresholds, so that the air temperature inside the low-temperature furnace 16 is stably maintained in the set low-temperature range. When the set time is reached, it is considered that the low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid in the current low-temperature furnace has been decomposed, and the low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid is continued to be pumped into the low-temperature furnace 13.

[0117] In the above process, the energy for treating the low-calorific-value waste liquid in the low-temperature furnace comes from the energy of the high-temperature flue gas from treating the high-calorific-value waste liquid. If the temperature inside the low-temperature furnace can be maintained within the low-temperature range, there is no need to start the low-temperature combustion booster 16. This fully utilizes the waste heat generated by the high-calorific-value waste liquid treatment, saving energy. In this case, the thermal energy required for high-temperature pyrolysis is provided by the heat from the high-temperature combustion booster 32 inside the furnace and the heat from the low-temperature waste gas coming from the low-temperature furnace 13; the thermal energy required for treating the low-calorific-value waste liquid is provided by the heat from the high-temperature flue gas generated by the high-temperature furnace 34 treating the high-calorific-value waste liquid.

[0118] The present invention can also identify the calorific value of high-calorific-value organic waste liquid and low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid by setting a waste liquid identifier 6, thereby distinguishing between high-calorific-value organic waste liquid and low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid.

[0119] II. When laboratory waste liquid contains both organic and inorganic waste liquids, and these two types of waste liquids are mixed and collected in a single container, this mixed waste liquid is referred to as intermediate calorific value mixed waste liquid. This invention treats this waste liquid simultaneously using a low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 and a high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3. Before operation, ensure that the valves of the exhaust gas purifier, primary separator, and secondary separator are all open. The specific operation process is as follows:

[0120] First, the furnace heating process for starting the high-temperature furnace and the low-temperature furnace is as follows:

[0121] Start the high-temperature combustion aid 32 inside the high-temperature furnace 34; monitor whether the air temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 has reached the minimum high-temperature threshold; if the minimum high-temperature threshold is reached, start timing; when the time reaches the set time, and the air temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 has not reached the minimum high-temperature threshold, it is considered that the air temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 has met the working conditions.

[0122] Start the exhaust fan 5;

[0123] The system receives the air temperature inside the low-temperature furnace 13 in real time from the instruments and determines whether the monitored air temperature has reached the minimum low temperature threshold. If it has, it confirms that the low-temperature furnace is ready to process low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid.

[0124] The following describes the simultaneous processing of waste liquid by the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 and the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3:

[0125] The intermediate calorific value mixed waste liquid (a mixed waste liquid containing organic waste liquid mixed with inorganic waste liquid) is pumped into the low temperature furnace 16, and the mixed waste liquid is measured by the data fed back by the flow meter; at the same time, the timing is started; the waste liquid is stopped when the mixed waste liquid pumped into the low temperature furnace 16 reaches the maximum processing capacity of the low temperature furnace.

[0126] During the waste liquid heat treatment process, the air temperature inside the low-temperature furnace 13 is monitored in real time by instruments. The working mode of the low-temperature combustion booster 16 is controlled according to the monitored air temperature and the set maximum and minimum low-temperature thresholds, so that the air temperature inside the low-temperature furnace 16 is kept stably within the set low-temperature range. When the set time is reached, it is considered that the low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid in the current low-temperature furnace has been cracked, and then the intermediate-calorific-value mixed waste liquid is continued to be pumped into the low-temperature furnace 13.

[0127] During the heat treatment of low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid, the low-temperature exhaust gas carries high-calorific-value organic matter that has not been decomposed by heat treatment into the high-temperature furnace 34 in the form of steam; the high-calorific-value organic waste liquid still undergoes a cracking process in the high-temperature furnace 34.

[0128] During the pyrolysis of high-calorific-value organic waste liquid, the air temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 is monitored in real time by instruments. Based on the monitored air temperature and the set maximum and minimum high-temperature thresholds, the working mode of the high-temperature combustion aid 32 is controlled so that the air temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34 is stably maintained within the set high-temperature range.

[0129] Third, the present invention can also treat only high-calorific-value organic waste liquid, or only low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid.

[0130] 1. When only high-calorific-value waste liquid needs to be treated, the exhaust gas purifier 4 and exhaust fan 5 connected to the heat exchanger in the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 need to work, and the heat exchanger 12, low-temperature furnace, primary separator, and secondary filter connecting the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 and the high-temperature furnace 34 in the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 need to be used, without starting the low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun 11. In this case, the high-temperature combustion aid needs to be activated to keep the high-temperature furnace 34 in the set high-temperature range. The high-calorific-value waste liquid runs in the high-temperature furnace 34. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the high-calorific-value waste liquid in the high-temperature furnace 34 is still sent to the heat exchanger 12 in the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1. After being treated by the exhaust gas purifier 4, it is discharged by the exhaust fan 5. Due to the flow of high-temperature flue gas in the heat exchanger 12, the heat exchanger 12 has a high temperature. Through heat exchange, the air in the low-temperature furnace 13 is heated. The heated air is introduced into the high-temperature furnace 34 to increase the thermal energy of the high-temperature furnace 34 and increase the turbulence of the gas in the high-temperature furnace 34.

[0131] 2. When only low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid needs to be treated, first start the low-temperature combustion engine 16 of the low-temperature furnace 13 to keep the low-temperature furnace 13 in the set low-temperature range; inject the low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid into the low-temperature furnace; the waste liquid reacts fully with the hot air; the exhaust gas generated after treatment is returned to the heat exchanger 12 after passing through the high-temperature furnace, and then purified by the secondary filter and exhaust gas purifier before being discharged into the air in compliance with standards.

[0132] As can be seen from the above embodiments of the present invention, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0133] This invention utilizes a low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1 to perform low-temperature evaporation of waste liquid. The evaporation temperature is maintained within a set low-temperature range of 20–300°C. This low evaporation temperature does not reach the melting temperature of particulate matter, thus preventing coking or scale formation. After low-temperature evaporation, even if the low-calorific-value inorganic waste liquid contains organic matter, the organic matter will enter the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3 in gaseous form for high-temperature pyrolysis, making it easier to completely and thoroughly render the laboratory waste liquid harmless.

[0134] This invention connects the flue gas inlet at the bottom of the high-temperature furnace 34 to the low-temperature furnace 13 via a secondary filter 2, and the flue gas outlet at the top of the high-temperature furnace 34 to the heat exchanger 12 within the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor 1. This allows the high-temperature flue gas from the high-temperature furnace 34 to be utilized in the low-temperature furnace 13, while the low-temperature tail gas and high-calorific-value organic matter that has not undergone low-temperature pyrolysis can be introduced into the high-temperature furnace 34. The low-temperature waste gas generated by low-temperature evaporation has a higher temperature than room temperature air, which can increase the temperature inside the high-temperature furnace 34, saving fuel consumption of the high-temperature combustion aid 32 and conserving energy. At the same time, the low-temperature waste gas can increase the turbulence of the gas inside the high-temperature furnace 34, which is conducive to the thorough mixing of air and harmful components in the high-calorific-value organic waste liquid, thereby ensuring more thorough treatment of harmful components. Similarly, the heat exchanger 12 in the low-temperature furnace is supplied with high-temperature flue gas from the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer 3, saving fuel consumption of the low-temperature combustion aid 16 and conserving energy.

[0135] Although the principles of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are merely illustrative explanations of the implementation of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The details in the embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the scope of the present invention. Any obvious changes, such as equivalent transformations or simple substitutions, based on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laboratory waste liquid fractionation pyrolysis device, characterized in that: The staged pyrolysis device includes: a low-calorific-value waste liquid processor (1), a high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer (3), a tail gas purifier (4), an exhaust fan (5), a central control system, and a waste liquid transfer pump; The low-calorific-value waste liquid processor (1) has a low-temperature furnace (13); a low-temperature combustion booster (16) can extend into the low-temperature furnace (13); a waste liquid transfer pump is connected to a low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun (11); a heat exchanger (12) is installed in the low-temperature furnace (13), the inlet of the heat exchanger (12) is connected to the flue gas outlet set at the top of the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer (3), and the outlet of the heat exchanger (12) is connected in sequence to the tail gas purifier (4) and the exhaust fan (5); A primary separator (14) is installed below the low-temperature furnace (13), and the primary separator (14) is connected to the slag discharge mechanism (15) below it; the primary separator (14) is connected to the lower part of the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer (3) through a pipe, so that the low-temperature waste gas after preliminary separation is sent into the high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer (3); The high-calorific-value waste liquid pyrolyzer (3) has a high-temperature furnace (34); a high-temperature combustion aid (32) can extend into the high-temperature furnace (34); a waste liquid transfer pump is connected to a high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun (31); a flue gas outlet (35) is opened at the top of the high-temperature furnace (34) to allow the high-temperature flue gas generated by the high-temperature pyrolysis reaction to be introduced into the heat exchanger (12) in the low-calorific-value waste liquid processor (1); a waste gas inlet is opened at the bottom of the high-temperature furnace (34) to communicate with the primary separator (14) and to introduce the low-temperature waste gas separated by the primary separator (14); The low-temperature furnace (13) and the high-temperature furnace (34) are equipped with temperature measuring instruments for measuring the air temperature inside the furnace; the central control system can receive the temperature signal of the temperature measuring instrument via wired or wireless means, and its control signal can be transmitted to the control terminal of the high-temperature combustion booster (32) and the low-temperature combustion booster (16) via wired or wireless means.

2. The laboratory waste liquid staged pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graded pyrolysis device further includes a secondary filter (2), which is set between the primary separator (14) and the high calorific value waste liquid pyrolyzer (3). It is connected to the primary separator (14) and the high calorific value waste liquid pyrolyzer (3) through a pipeline, and can send the waste gas separated by the primary separator (14) into the high calorific value waste liquid pyrolyzer (3).

3. The laboratory waste liquid staged pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary separator (14) is a structure with a large middle section and small ends, consisting of an upper constriction section, a middle straight section and a lower constriction section; wherein the upper constriction section is connected to the low-temperature furnace (13); The straight section is located between the upper constriction section and the lower constriction section, and the lower constriction section leads to the slag discharge mechanism (15); the cross-sectional area of ​​the straight section is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the low-temperature furnace (13).

4. The laboratory waste liquid staged pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The staged pyrolysis device further includes: a heat storage and flame stabilizer (33); The heat storage and stabilizing burner (33) is connected to the inner wall of the high-temperature furnace (34); the heat storage and stabilizing burner (33) has multiple gradually expanding holes; the inlet of the gradually expanding hole is small and the outlet is large, and the exhaust gas enters from the small end and exits from the large end.

5. A laboratory waste liquid fractionation pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central control system is used to compare the low temperature signal with the lowest low temperature threshold and the highest low temperature threshold. When the comparison result is that the temperature of the low temperature furnace (13) reaches the highest low temperature threshold, the system controls the low temperature combustion booster (16) to stop working. When the temperature of the low temperature furnace (13) is confirmed to be lower than the lowest low temperature threshold, the system controls the low temperature combustion booster (16) to start and continue working until the temperature of the low temperature furnace (13) reaches the highest low temperature threshold. The central control system is also used to compare the high temperature signal with the highest high temperature threshold and the lowest high temperature threshold. When the temperature of the high temperature furnace (34) reaches the highest high temperature threshold, the system controls the high temperature accelerator (32) to stop working. When the temperature is confirmed to be lower than the lowest high temperature threshold, the system controls the high temperature accelerator (32) to start and continue working until the temperature of the high temperature furnace (34) reaches the highest high temperature threshold.

6. The laboratory waste liquid staged pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The staged pyrolysis device further includes: a waste liquid identifier (6) and a central control system; The waste liquid identifier (6) is used to identify the calorific value of the waste liquid; The signal input terminal of the central control system can receive the calorific value signal of the waste liquid identifier (6) via wired or wireless means, and its control signal can be transmitted to the control terminal of the waste liquid transfer pump via wired or wireless means.

7. The laboratory waste liquid staged pyrolysis device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The central control system compares the set calorific value threshold with the calorific value of the waste liquid identified by the waste liquid identifier (6), and outputs control commands to control the operation of the waste liquid transfer pump according to the comparison result: if the calorific value of the waste liquid to be treated is greater than the set calorific value threshold, it is confirmed that the waste liquid to be treated is a high calorific value waste liquid, and the waste liquid transfer pump is started to pump the waste liquid into the high-temperature furnace of the high calorific value waste liquid pyrolyzer (3) through the high calorific value waste liquid spray gun (31); if the calorific value of the waste liquid to be treated is less than the set calorific value threshold, it is considered that the waste liquid to be treated is a low calorific value waste liquid, and the waste liquid transfer pump is started to pump the waste liquid into the low-temperature furnace of the low calorific value waste liquid processor (1) through the low calorific value waste liquid spray gun (11).

8. The laboratory waste liquid fractionation pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste liquid transfer pump includes a first waste liquid transfer pump (7) and a second waste liquid transfer pump (8); the first waste liquid transfer pump (7) is connected to a low-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun (11); the second waste liquid transfer pump (8) is connected to a high-calorific-value waste liquid spray gun (31). The graded pyrolysis device further includes a central control system; the signal input terminal of the central control system can receive the calorific value signal of the waste liquid identifier (6) via wired or wireless means, and its control signal can be transmitted to the control terminals of the first waste liquid transfer pump (7) and the second waste liquid transfer pump (8) via wired or wireless means.

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