A method for preparing an aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite by differential temperature rolling

Abstract

The application relates to a method for preparing aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite materials by differential temperature rolling, belonging to the field of non-ferrous metal material processing. The method comprises the following steps: S1, polishing an aluminum-coated aluminum plate; S2, performing surface pretreatment on the aluminum-coated plate and a tantalum plate; S3, heating the aluminum-coated plate and keeping the temperature for a period of time; S4, taking out the aluminum-coated plate and quickly assembling the tantalum plate; S5, performing one-pass composite rolling on the assembled blank to obtain aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite materials; and S6, cooling after rolling, then cutting edges and straightening the composite plate. The differential temperature composite rolling method of heating the aluminum side and not heating the tantalum side can not only solve the problem of edge cracking of the aluminum side during cold rolling composite rolling, but also solve the problem of poor interface bonding strength of the composite materials due to the easy oxidation of the tantalum side during hot rolling composite rolling, so that the aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite materials with good plate shape and high interface bonding strength are obtained.

Description

Technical Field:

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of non-ferrous metal material processing technology, specifically relating to a method for preparing aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite materials by differential temperature rolling. Technical background:

[0002] Spacecraft are bombarded by space radiation particles during their orbital operation, causing severe total dose effects on spaceborne components and seriously threatening the long lifespan and high reliability of space products in orbit. While my country's aerospace sector typically uses single-element aluminum alloy 2A12 as the shielding material for strong space radiation protection, with my country including long-life, medium-to-high orbit, low-cost commercial satellites in its major national strategic missions, a certain thickness of 2A12 aluminum alloy is required to meet the radiation resistance requirements of medium-to-high orbit satellites. This undoubtedly increases the satellite's weight, leading to higher launch costs. However, existing research shows that adding a layer of tantalum behind 2A12 can improve electronic shielding performance while reducing weight, thereby lowering satellite launch costs.

[0003] Metal layered composite materials are mainly prepared using methods such as explosive bonding, diffusion bonding, and rolling bonding. Explosive bonding utilizes the impact force of an explosion to cause violent collisions, plastic deformation, melting, and interatomic diffusion in the welded parts, thereby achieving a strong interfacial bond. While this method can combine materials with significantly different properties and produce composite plates with high interfacial bonding strength, it suffers from drawbacks such as low continuous production capacity, significant environmental pollution, and certain safety hazards. Diffusion bonding involves stacking clean metal surfaces, heating them to a certain temperature, and applying pressure, allowing interatomic diffusion to bond the interfaces. Compared to explosive bonding, diffusion bonding solves the environmental pollution and safety issues, but it requires a sufficiently long diffusion bonding process, thus still exhibiting low production efficiency.

[0004] In recent years, rolling composite technology has been widely used in the production of layered metal composite materials. Rolling composite utilizes the immense pressure of a rolling mill to extrude fresh metal from the surface of the metal, causing them to interlock and achieve a mechanical bond. Compared to explosive bonding and diffusion bonding, rolling composite has a simpler production process, higher production efficiency, and no environmental pollution. The aluminum / tantalum layered composite materials used in medium- and high-orbit satellites are relatively thin, with the tantalum layer only a few tenths of a millimeter thick, and require high surface quality. Compared to explosive bonding and diffusion bonding, only rolling composite can meet these requirements.

[0005] However, the elongation of 2A12 aluminum alloy and tantalum differs significantly. The elongation of annealed 2A12 alloy at room temperature is 16%-20%, while that of annealed pure tantalum can reach over 40%. If cold rolling is used for composite processing, 2A12 is prone to edge cracking, resulting in poor composite plate shape or even composite failure. Although tantalum has good room temperature machinability, its high-temperature oxidation resistance is extremely poor; it undergoes severe oxidation above 250°C. While hot rolling might solve the problem of edge cracking on the aluminum side, the tantalum layer will undergo severe oxidation, potentially leading to poor interfacial bonding strength and surface quality due to oxidation. Summary of the Invention:

[0006] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in this field, this application provides a method for preparing aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite materials by heterothermal rolling, comprising:

[0007] S1: Prepare the corresponding tantalum plate and aluminum plate with aluminum cladding, and grind the edges of the aluminum cladding plate with a grinding wheel;

[0008] S2: Surface pretreatment of aluminum-clad plates and tantalum plates;

[0009] S3: Heat the aluminum-clad plate to 350℃-450℃ and hold for 30 minutes;

[0010] S4: Immediately remove the heated aluminum-clad plate and quickly stack it together with the room temperature tantalum plate to assemble the blank, wherein the aluminum cladding layer and the tantalum plate are bonded together;

[0011] S5: Clamp the assembly billet and then quickly feed it into the rolling mill for a single pass of 32%-39% composite rolling to obtain an aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite material.

[0012] S6: After rolling and cooling, the composite plate is then trimmed and straightened.

[0013] Furthermore, the aluminum cladding plate is a 2A12 alloy plate, the aluminum cladding layer is a 1A50 alloy, and the thickness of the aluminum cladding layer is less than or equal to 0.2 mm; the tantalum plate is a tantalum 2.5 tungsten alloy plate, and the thickness is generally 0.4-1 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific process of step S2 is as follows: clean the surfaces of the aluminum-clad plate and tantalum plate to be laminated with an alkaline degreasing agent, then wash off the residual degreasing agent with water, dry the surfaces to be laminated, and then polish the surfaces of the aluminum-clad plate and tantalum plate to be laminated with a wire brush.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] When using cold-rolled composite rolling, the 2A12 alloy on the aluminum side suffers from severe edge cracking due to its poor elongation. Tantalum plates have poor oxidation resistance, undergoing severe oxidation above 250°C. Hot-rolled composite rolling temperatures are generally above 350°C. Therefore, if hot-rolled composite rolling is used, the tantalum side will suffer from both interfacial oxidation, resulting in low interfacial bonding strength and poor surface quality. The present invention uses a heterothermal composite rolling method to prepare the aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite material, heating the aluminum side while leaving the tantalum side unheated. This method successfully composites the aluminum and tantalum layers with good sheet shape, while preventing oxidation of the tantalum side during composite rolling, thus ensuring high interfacial strength of the composite material. Attached image description:

[0017] Figure 1 Macroscopic morphology of the aluminum-tantalum three-layer composite plate corresponding to Example 1, heated to 350°C with a reduction of 38.9%;

[0018] Figure 2 Macroscopic morphology of the aluminum-tantalum three-layer composite plate corresponding to Example 2, which is heated to 400°C with a reduction of 32% on a single aluminum layer;

[0019] Figure 3 Macroscopic morphology of the aluminum-tantalum three-layer composite plate corresponding to Example 3, which is heated to 400°C with a reduction of 38.8% on a single aluminum layer;

[0020] Figure 4 Macroscopic morphology of the aluminum-tantalum three-layer composite plate corresponding to Example 4, which is heated to 450°C with a reduction of 38.7% on a single aluminum layer;

[0021] Figure 5 Macroscopic morphology of the aluminum-tantalum two-layer composite plate that failed cold-rolled composite rolling, corresponding to Comparative Example 1;

[0022] Figure 6 Macroscopic morphology of the hot-rolled aluminum-tantalum two-layer composite plate corresponding to Comparative Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0023] One method for preparing an aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite material by differential temperature rolling according to this application is as follows:

[0024] 1. Prepare the corresponding tantalum plate and aluminum plate with aluminum cladding, and grind the edges of the aluminum plate with a grinding wheel to remove the micro-cracks on the edges; wherein the aluminum plate is 2A12 alloy plate; the aluminum cladding layer is 1A50 alloy; and the tantalum plate is tantalum 2.5 tungsten alloy plate.

[0025] 2. Perform surface pretreatment on the surfaces of the aluminum-clad plate and tantalum plate to be laminated; use an alkaline degreasing agent to clean the aluminum-clad plate and tantalum plate to remove oil stains from the material surface, and then wash off the residual alkaline degreasing agent with clean water; then heat the plate to 100℃ and dry the plate surface; then use a wire brush to polish the surfaces of each alloy plate to be laminated.

[0026] 3. Heat the aluminum-clad plate to 350℃-450℃ and hold for 30 minutes;

[0027] 4. Once the clad aluminum plate reaches the predetermined temperature, remove the clad aluminum plate and quickly stack it together with the room temperature tantalum plate to obtain the assembly blank;

[0028] 5. Clamp the assembly billet and then quickly feed it into the rolling mill for a single pass of 32%-39% composite rolling to obtain an aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite material.

[0029] 6. After rolling and cooling, the composite plate is then trimmed and straightened.

[0030] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] This example uses 2A12 aluminum alloy plate (4.8 mm thick) with a 1A50 cladding layer (0.2 mm thick) and tantalum 2.5 tungsten plate (0.6 mm thick) as raw materials, and is prepared using a heteroclinic composite rolling method. The specific preparation method includes:

[0033] 1. Use a grinding wheel to grind the edges of the 2A12 aluminum plate to remove micro-cracks.

[0034] 2. Use an alkaline degreasing agent to clean the 2A12 aluminum plate and tantalum tungsten plate to remove oil stains from the material surface, and then wash off the residual alkaline degreasing agent with clean water; then heat the plate to 100℃ and dry the plate surface; then use a wire brush to polish the surfaces of each alloy plate to be laminated.

[0035] 3. Heat the 2A12 aluminum plate to 350℃ and then hold it at that temperature for 30 minutes;

[0036] 4. After the material has been heated to 350℃, the 2A12 aluminum plate is removed and quickly stacked together in the order of 2A12 aluminum plate and tantalum 2.5 tungsten plate to obtain the assembly blank;

[0037] 5. Clamp the assembled billet and then quickly feed it into the rolling mill for one pass of composite rolling with a rate of 38.9% at a rolling speed of 2 m / min to obtain an aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite material;

[0038] 6. After rolling and cooling, the composite plate is then trimmed and straightened.

[0039] Using this heterothermal composite rolling process, 2A12 clad aluminum plates and tantalum 2.5 tungsten plates were successfully bonded together, with good plate shape and an interfacial bonding strength of 70 MPa.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] This example uses a 2A12 aluminum alloy plate with a 1A50 cladding layer and a 2.5 tantalum tungsten plate as raw materials (same as in Example 1), and is prepared using a heterotropic composite rolling method. The specific preparation method includes:

[0042] 1. Use a grinding wheel to grind the edges of the 2A12 aluminum plate to remove micro-cracks.

[0043] 2. Use an alkaline degreasing agent to clean the 2A12 aluminum plate and tantalum tungsten plate to remove oil stains from the material surface, and then wash off the residual alkaline degreasing agent with clean water; then heat the plate to 100℃ and dry the plate surface; then use a wire brush to polish the surfaces of each alloy plate to be laminated.

[0044] 3. Heat the 2A12 aluminum plate to 400℃ and then hold it at that temperature for 30 minutes;

[0045] 4. After the material has been treated at 400℃, the 2A12 aluminum plate is taken out and quickly stacked together in the order of 2A12 aluminum plate and tantalum 2.5 tungsten plate to obtain the assembly blank;

[0046] 5. Clamp the assembly billet and then quickly feed it into the rolling mill for one pass of 32% composite rolling at a rolling speed of 2m / min to obtain an aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite material;

[0047] 6. After rolling and cooling, the composite plate is then trimmed and straightened.

[0048] Using this heterothermal composite rolling process, 2A12 clad aluminum plates and tantalum 2.5 tungsten plates were successfully bonded together with good plate shape and an interfacial bonding strength of 42.5 MPa.

[0049] Example 3:

[0050] This example uses a 2A12 aluminum alloy plate with a 1A50 cladding layer and a 2.5 tantalum tungsten plate as raw materials (thickness same as in Example 1), and is prepared using a heteroclinic composite rolling method. The specific preparation method includes:

[0051] 1. Use a grinding wheel to grind the edges of the 2A12 aluminum plate to remove micro-cracks.

[0052] 2. Use an alkaline degreasing agent to clean the 2A12 aluminum plate and tantalum tungsten plate to remove oil stains from the material surface, and then wash off the residual alkaline degreasing agent with clean water; then heat the plate to 100℃ and dry the plate surface; then use a wire brush to polish the surfaces of each alloy plate to be laminated.

[0053] 3. Heat the 2A12 aluminum plate to 400℃ and then hold it at that temperature for 30 minutes;

[0054] 4. After the material has been treated at 400℃, the 2A12 aluminum plate is taken out and quickly stacked together in the order of 2A12 aluminum plate and tantalum 2.5 tungsten plate to obtain the assembly blank;

[0055] 5. Clamp the assembly billet and then quickly feed it into the rolling mill for one pass of composite rolling at a speed of 2 m / min to obtain an aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite material;

[0056] 6. After rolling and cooling, the composite plate is then trimmed and straightened.

[0057] Using this heterothermal composite rolling process, 2A12 clad aluminum plates and tantalum 2.5 tungsten plates were successfully bonded together with good plate shape and an interfacial bonding strength of 45.6 MPa.

[0058] Example 4:

[0059] This example uses a 2A12 aluminum alloy plate with a 1A50 cladding layer and a 2.5 tantalum tungsten plate as raw materials (thickness same as in Example 1), and is prepared using a heteroclinic composite rolling method. The specific preparation method includes:

[0060] 1. Use a grinding wheel to grind the edges of the 2A12 aluminum plate to remove micro-cracks.

[0061] 2. Use an alkaline degreasing agent to clean the 2A12 aluminum plate and tantalum tungsten plate to remove oil stains from the material surface, and then wash off the residual alkaline degreasing agent with clean water; then heat the plate to 100℃ and dry the plate surface; then use a wire brush to polish the surfaces of each alloy plate to be laminated.

[0062] 3. Heat the 2A12 aluminum plate to 450℃ and then hold it at that temperature for 30 minutes;

[0063] 4. After the material has been treated at 450℃, the 2A12 aluminum plate is taken out and quickly stacked together in the order of 2A12 aluminum plate and tantalum 2.5 tungsten plate to obtain the assembly blank;

[0064] 5. Clamp the assembly billet and then quickly feed it into the rolling mill for one pass of composite rolling at a speed of 2 m / min to obtain an aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite material;

[0065] 6. After rolling and cooling, the composite plate is then trimmed and straightened.

[0066] Using this heterothermal composite rolling process, 2A12 clad aluminum plates and tantalum 2.5 tungsten plates were successfully bonded together with good plate shape and an interfacial bonding strength of 65.3 MPa.

[0067] Comparative Example 1:

[0068] This example uses 2A12 aluminum alloy plate and tantalum 2.5 tungsten plate (with the same thickness as in Example 1) as raw materials, and is prepared using a cold-rolled composite rolling method. The specific preparation method includes:

[0069] 1. Grind the edges of the 2A12 alloy plate.

[0070] 2. Use an alkaline degreasing agent to clean the 2A12 alloy plate and tantalum-tungsten plate to remove oil stains from the material surface, and then wash off the residual alkaline degreasing agent with clean water; then heat the plate to 100℃ and dry the plate surface; then use a wire brush to polish the surface of each alloy plate to be laminated.

[0071] 3. Stack the polished 2A12 and Ta-2.5W together to obtain the assembly blank;

[0072] 4. The assembled billet is passed through a cold rolling mill at a rolling speed of 2 m / min, and subjected to a single-pass room temperature composite rolling with a reduction of 50%. After using this rolling process, cracks appeared on the edge of the 2A12, resulting in insufficient fresh metal extruded from the surface, leading to the failure of the aluminum plate and tantalum-tungsten plate composite.

[0073] Comparative Example 2:

[0074] This example uses 2A12 aluminum alloy plate and pure tantalum plate as raw materials (corresponding thicknesses as in Example 1), and is prepared using a hot-rolled composite rolling method. The specific preparation method includes:

[0075] 1. Grind the edges of the 2A12 alloy plate.

[0076] 2. Use an alkaline degreasing agent to clean the 2A12 alloy plate and pure tantalum to remove oil stains from the material surface, and then wash off the residual alkaline degreasing agent with clean water; then heat the plate to 100℃ and dry the plate surface; then use a wire brush to polish the surface of each alloy plate to be laminated.

[0077] 3. Assemble the blanks in the order of 2A12 and pure tantalum plates.

[0078] 4. Heat the assembly blank to 350℃ and hold for 30 minutes.

[0079] 5. Once the billet reaches the predetermined temperature, remove it from the oven.

[0080] 6. The assembly billet is passed through a rolling mill at a rolling speed of 2m / min for hot-rolled composite rolling with a reduction of 50% in one pass; after using the rolling parameters, the material was successfully composited, but the interfacial bonding strength was only 34MPa.

Claims

1. A method for the production of an aluminium / aluminium / tantalum three-layer composite by hetero-thermal rolling, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: S1: preparing a corresponding tantalum plate and an aluminum plate with an aluminum cladding layer, and grinding the edge of the aluminum cladding layer with a grinder; S2: performing surface pretreatment on the aluminum cladding layer and the tantalum plate; S3: heating the aluminum cladding layer to 350-450 DEG C and keeping the temperature for 30 min; S4: immediately taking out the heated aluminum cladding layer, and quickly stacking the aluminum cladding layer and the tantalum plate together to form an assembly blank, wherein the aluminum cladding layer is attached to the tantalum plate; S5: clamping the assembly blank, and then quickly feeding the assembly blank into a rolling mill to perform one-pass 32%-39% composite rolling to obtain an aluminum / aluminum / tantalum three-layer composite material; S6: cooling after rolling, and then cutting the edges and straightening the composite plate.

2. A method of producing an aluminium / aluminium / tantalum three-layer composite material by heterothermal rolling according to claim 1, characterised in that, The aluminum cladding layer is a 1A50 alloy, and the thickness of the aluminum cladding layer is less than or equal to 0.2 mm; the tantalum plate is a tantalum 2.5 tungsten alloy plate, and the thickness is 0.4-1 mm.

3. A method of producing an aluminium / aluminium / tantalum three-layer composite material by heterothermal rolling according to claim 1, characterised in that, The specific process of the step S2 is as follows: using an alkaline degreasing agent to clean the surfaces to be compounded of the aluminum cladding layer and the tantalum plate, then washing the residual degreasing agent with clean water, drying the surfaces to be compounded, and then using a steel wire brush to polish the surfaces to be compounded of the aluminum cladding layer and the tantalum plate.

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