Construction method of large-span, super-high and heavy roof steel structure

Abstract

The application provides a large-span, super-high and heavy roof steel structure construction method, and belongs to the technical field of steel structure construction. The large-span, super-high and heavy roof steel structure construction method comprises the following steps: steel material prefabrication: prefabricating steel components, including columns, beams and scaffolds; construction drawing analysis: using a node diagram model, determining main nodes and key steps in the construction process according to the construction drawing; site arrangement: arranging the construction site according to the construction drawing and construction conditions; steel structure installation: installing the steel structure according to the construction drawing; welding and bolt connection: welding and bolt connecting the steel structure; steel structure adjustment: adjusting the installed steel structure to ensure that it meets the design requirements; and steel structure corrosion prevention and insulation: completing the corrosion prevention and insulation treatment of the steel structure. The technical problem that the prior art often sorts by manual experience and lacks consideration of main nodes and key steps in the sorting process is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of steel structure construction technology, and specifically relates to a construction method for large-span, ultra-high, and heavy-duty roof steel structures. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of society and the economy, large-span, ultra-high, and heavy-duty steel structure buildings with roofs, such as stadiums, exhibition halls, and warehouses, are becoming increasingly common. These buildings typically have large spans, high floor heights, and very heavy steel structures. The construction of these steel structures is quite challenging, and improper construction can easily lead to structural safety accidents. Therefore, ensuring the safety and quality of construction for large-span, ultra-high, and heavy-duty steel structures with roofs is a pressing issue that the construction industry needs to address.

[0003] Currently, my country's design theories and calculation methods for large-span steel roof structures are relatively mature, but corresponding construction techniques and quality control methods are still relatively weak. This is mainly reflected in: first, the lack of systematic construction plans, with some units relying on experience-based construction; second, the lack of hoisting plans for ultra-high and heavy steel structures, posing safety hazards; third, the lack of standardized control over welding, adjustment, and other processes, resulting in inconsistent quality; and fourth, the lack of effective methods for inspecting joint quality. These problems can all lead to engineering accidents and prevent many excellent designs from being effectively transformed into high-quality buildings.

[0004] Scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted research on the construction challenges of large-span steel roof structures. Li Qiang and other scholars established a three-dimensional simulation system for steel structure construction using visualization technology to guide the process; they also employed BIM technology to achieve collaborative modeling and conflict detection of steel structure components. These methods provide new technical means for steel structure construction.

[0005] When constructing large-span, ultra-high, and heavy-duty roof steel structures, it is necessary to select the order of steel materials used in the construction. Existing technologies often rely on manual experience to sort the materials, which lacks consideration for major nodes and key steps during the sorting process. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a construction method for large-span, ultra-high, and heavy-duty roof steel structures, which solves the technical problem that the existing technology often relies on manual experience for sequencing, and lacks consideration of major nodes and key steps in the sequencing process.

[0007] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0008] This invention provides a construction method for large-span, ultra-high, heavy-duty roof steel structures, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S10. Precast steel: Precast steel components, including columns, beams, and scaffolding;

[0010] S20. Construction drawing analysis: Using the node diagram model, identify the main nodes and key steps in the construction process based on the construction drawings;

[0011] S30. Site Layout: Arrange the construction site according to the construction drawings and construction conditions;

[0012] S40. Steel structure installation: Install the steel structure according to the construction drawings;

[0013] S50. Welding and bolting: Welding and bolting of steel structures;

[0014] S60. Steel structure adjustment: Adjust the installed steel structure to ensure that it meets the design requirements;

[0015] S70. Corrosion Protection and Insulation of Steel Structures: Complete the corrosion protection and insulation treatment of the steel structure.

[0016] Based on the above technical solution, the construction method for a large-span, ultra-high, heavy-duty roof steel structure of the present invention can be further improved as follows:

[0017] The prefabrication of the steel material specifically includes:

[0018] Review the construction drawings to clarify the specifications and quantities of various steel components required for the project;

[0019] Based on the design drawings, determine the detailed dimensions of the steel components;

[0020] The design drawings are provided to the steel structure processing plant, which then manufactures the steel components according to the drawings.

[0021] The processed steel components are returned to the site for on-site testing.

[0022] Rust prevention treatment for steel components;

[0023] Number the precast steel components and match them with the design drawings, and back up the tables.

[0024] The steps of using a node diagram model to identify the main nodes and key steps in the construction process based on construction drawings specifically include:

[0025] Based on the construction drawings, create a node diagram model of the steel structure;

[0026] A linear order of nodes is obtained through topological sorting;

[0027] Establish a critical path model and calculate the earliest and latest completion times for each node;

[0028] Introducing time margin to determine the criticality of nodes;

[0029] Output the main nodes and critical nodes.

[0030] The site layout steps specifically include:

[0031] Based on the construction drawings and design drawings, determine and mark the specific locations of the steel structures;

[0032] A work and storage area was marked out around the steel structure location;

[0033] The construction facilities were fenced off, and a construction access route was left open.

[0034] The steps for installing the steel structure specifically include:

[0035] The assembly sequence of the steel structure shall be determined according to the construction plan;

[0036] On-site confirmation of the steel structure's location points and elevation;

[0037] Use a crane to lift the steel components into place and temporarily connect and fix them;

[0038] For tall steel structures, a segmented hoisting method is adopted to install components section by section;

[0039] After installation, an overall alignment inspection is performed to ensure that the steel structure's alignment accuracy meets requirements. The welding and bolting connection steps specifically include:

[0040] Clean the welded areas;

[0041] Determine the weld type and weld size according to the construction drawings;

[0042] After welding is completed, clean the welding slag in time and perform repair welding if necessary;

[0043] Perform ultrasonic or X-ray non-destructive testing to confirm that the weld quality meets the requirements.

[0044] The steps for adjusting the steel structure specifically include:

[0045] Based on the construction records, check the comparison between the actual installation and the design drawings;

[0046] The actual deviation of the components was measured using equipment such as linear scales and levels.

[0047] Calculate the amount that needs to be adjusted based on the deviation and mark it at the corresponding location;

[0048] The crane lifts the corresponding component and makes minor adjustments to bring it back to the design position; after the adjustment is completed, the measurement is repeated to confirm that the deviation is controlled within the allowable range.

[0049] The steps for corrosion protection and insulation of the steel structure specifically include:

[0050] Select appropriate anti-corrosion coatings based on the environment in which the steel structure is used;

[0051] Select the appropriate primer based on the surface treatment of the steel components;

[0052] First apply the primer, then apply the intermediate coat after it dries, and finally apply the topcoat.

[0053] The coating process can be carried out by spraying or brushing.

[0054] After the coating is completed, visual inspection, thickness measurement, and adhesion test are carried out. Areas that fail the test are touched up with paint until the quality requirements are met.

[0055] Furthermore, the node graph model contains edges and nodes, where the edges represent steel and the nodes represent points where the steel is welded.

[0056] Furthermore, the topological sorting method employs either bubble sort or path sorting algorithms.

[0057] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the construction method for large-span, ultra-high, and heavy-duty roof steel structures provided by this invention are: through a scientific and reasonable construction plan, key nodes are identified and controlled in a targeted manner using topological sorting, thereby minimizing safety hazards during construction. This solves the technical problem that existing technologies often rely on manual experience for sorting, lacking consideration for major nodes and key steps during the sorting process. Attached Figure Description

[0058] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0059] Figure 1 A flowchart of the method provided by the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0062] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0063] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0064] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0065] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a construction method for a large-span, ultra-high, heavy-duty roof steel structure provided by this invention. This method includes the following steps:

[0066] S10. Precast steel: Precast steel components, including columns, beams, and scaffolding;

[0067] S20. Construction drawing analysis: Using the node diagram model, identify the main nodes and key steps in the construction process based on the construction drawings;

[0068] S30. Site Layout: Arrange the construction site according to the construction drawings and construction conditions;

[0069] S40. Steel structure installation: Install the steel structure according to the construction drawings;

[0070] S50. Welding and bolting: Welding and bolting of steel structures;

[0071] S60. Steel structure adjustment: Adjust the installed steel structure to ensure that it meets the design requirements;

[0072] S70. Corrosion Protection and Insulation of Steel Structures: Complete the corrosion protection and insulation treatment of the steel structure.

[0073] The specific implementation methods of the above steps are described below:

[0074] The specific implementation method of step S10 is as follows:

[0075] Review the construction drawings to clarify the specifications and quantities of various steel components required for the project, including H-beams, I-beams, and square tubing. Determine the detailed dimensions of the steel components based on the design drawings, such as beam cross-sections and column lengths. Procure the necessary steel according to the bill of quantities. Control the quantity of steel purchased, ensuring it meets needs while considering transportation and storage factors to avoid over-purchasing. After the steel arrives at the construction site, count, classify, and stack it. Stack it reasonably according to steel type and size for easy retrieval later. Provide the design drawings to the steel structure processing plant, which will then fabricate the steel components. This involves cutting, bending, and welding steel plates and sections. The processed steel components are returned to the site for on-site inspection. Check dimensions and weld quality to ensure they meet design requirements. Perform rust prevention treatment on the steel components, such as spraying anti-corrosion paint or using other anti-corrosion methods. Number the prefabricated steel components and match them to the design drawings, creating a backup table. Stack the prefabricated steel components reasonably, following the construction sequence and ease of transportation. Develop a maintenance plan for steel components, including measures to protect against rain, sun, and moisture, to ensure the quality of the steel.

[0076] Through the above step S10, the prefabrication of steel structures can be systematically carried out, laying a solid foundation for subsequent construction. This method is highly operable and can effectively ensure that the quality of prefabricated steel components meets the requirements.

[0077] Regarding the specific implementation method of the construction drawing analysis in step S20, the following technical measures can be adopted:

[0078] 1. Establish a node graph model

[0079] First, based on the construction drawings, the main nodes and components of the steel structure are abstracted. The node set is defined as N = {n1, n2, ..., n}. m The set of components is E = {e1, e2, ..., e}. n In this diagram, nodes represent key points in the steel structure, and components represent connections between nodes. A node association graph G = (N, E) is then created, with nodes connected based on components.

[0080] 2. Construct a topological sorting algorithm

[0081] Based on the node graph, a topological sort of the nodes can be established, which can represent the dependencies between nodes. The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0082] Initialization: Node in-degree array in_deg[n i ], Node access array visited[n i ], sorted result array topo

[0083] For each edge <n i ,n j >:

[0084] in_deg[n j ]++

[0085] Store nodes with an in-degree of 0 into queue Q.

[0086] While Q is not empty:

[0087] n = Q.pop()

[0088] Add n to the end of topo

[0089] For each outgoing edge of n<n,m> :

[0090] in_deg[m]--

[0091] If in_deg[m] == 0, add m to Q.

[0092] Return to po

[0093] Topological sorting yields a linear order of nodes, with preceding nodes requiring prior construction. This sorting method can also employ bubble sort or path sorting algorithms.

[0094] 3. Establish a critical path model

[0095] Based on the topological order, a critical path model is further established. The following parameters are introduced:

[0096] T i Construction time of node i

[0097] W i : Earliest start time of node i

[0098] F i The latest start time of node i

[0099] Calculate W for each node. i =max(W k +T k ), Predecessor Node

[0100] Calculate (in reverse) F for each node. i =min(F k -T k ), successor node

[0101] If W i =F i If the node is on the critical path, then it is on the critical path. The length of the critical path is the sum of the node times: ∑ i∈关键路径 T i .

[0102] The critical path model can identify key nodes and key components in the construction process.

[0103] 4. The key to introducing time margin judgment

[0104] Based on the above model, the criticality of determining the node by time margin is further introduced:

[0105] RTL i =F i -T i -W i

[0106] The smaller the time margin, the less flexible the node is within the planned time, and the more critical the node is.

[0107] Based on the amount of time leeway, major nodes and critical nodes can be distinguished.

[0108] The specific implementation method of step S30 is as follows:

[0109] Based on the construction drawings, determine and mark the specific location of the steel structure. Mark out the operating and material storage area around the steel structure location. Reserve sufficient operating space. Temporarily harden the ground; if necessary, modify roads to ensure the ground's load-bearing capacity. Set up temporary construction facilities, such as temporary offices, material sheds, and safety warning signs. Enclose the construction facilities and leave necessary access routes. Clean the ground, removing debris and dirt. Designate material storage areas, storing materials by type for easy counting and requisition. Determine the transportation routes and operating space for machinery and equipment, ensuring they do not interfere with other construction work. Work with the supervisor to determine measurement benchmarks and axes to guide subsequent construction positioning. Protect the surrounding building environment to prevent damage during construction. Optionally, reserve space for drainage facilities to prevent water accumulation. Optionally, set up temporary parking lots and construction access routes to ensure the site remains orderly.

[0110] Step S30 creates a favorable site environment and conditions for steel structure construction through reasonable planning and layout of the construction site. This plan is highly operable and conducive to the smooth progress of construction.

[0111] The specific implementation method of step S40 is as follows:

[0112] The assembly sequence of the steel structure is determined according to the construction plan, usually from bottom to top and from left to right. The positioning points and elevations of the steel structure are confirmed on-site and compared with the construction drawings to ensure compliance with design requirements. Precast steel components are assembled strictly according to the construction drawings; on-site modifications to the design are not permitted. A crane is used to hoist the steel components into position and temporarily connect and secure them. The hoisting range and speed are strictly controlled. For tall steel structures, a segmented hoisting method is used, installing components section by section. Adjustments and corrections are made on-site based on the actual installation condition of the components to control misalignment errors. After installation, an overall alignment test is conducted to ensure the steel structure's alignment accuracy meets requirements. Scaffolding or work platforms are installed to facilitate subsequent welding and corrosion protection operations. After the components are hoisted and installed, the site is promptly cleaned and the hoisting equipment is removed.

[0113] The specific implementation method of step S50 is as follows:

[0114] Clean the welding area to remove grease, rust, and other factors that may affect welding quality. Determine the weld type and size according to the construction manual. Strictly control welding process parameters. Select matching welding rods; the use of unqualified welding rods is strictly prohibited. All debris must be thoroughly cleaned. Welders must hold valid operating certificates, strictly adhere to operating procedures, and take appropriate protective measures. Ensure the welding machine power supply is stable and properly grounded. Welding is prohibited on rainy days. Use welding equipment that meets requirements to ensure adequate weld protection. After welding, promptly clean the weld slag and perform repair welding if necessary. Achieve a smooth and aesthetically pleasing surface finish. Perform ultrasonic or X-ray non-destructive testing to confirm that the weld quality meets requirements. Install bolt connections according to the connection design. Control the tightening torque; do not overtighten. After connection, conduct an inspection to ensure the connection is secure and all components are neatly arranged.

[0115] The specific implementation method of step S60 is as follows:

[0116] Based on the construction records, compare the actual installation with the design drawings. Use equipment such as linear rulers and levels to measure the actual deviations of the components. Calculate the required adjustments based on the deviations and mark them at the corresponding locations. Use bolts for temporary connections; welding is prohibited for adjustments. Use a crane to lift the corresponding components and make minor adjustments to return them to their designed positions. After adjustment, remeasure to ensure the deviations are within acceptable limits. Apply additional anti-corrosion treatment to the adjusted components to ensure a continuous and intact coating. Record the adjustments and update the construction data for future use. After all adjustments are completed, conduct a comprehensive inspection to ensure the steel structure alignment and the positional accuracy of each component meet the requirements. Take photos of concealed areas for archiving and future inspection by the supervision department.

[0117] The specific implementation method of step S70 is as follows:

[0118] Based on the operating environment of the steel structure, select appropriate anti-corrosion coatings, generally epoxy coal tar pitch, etc. Choose the corresponding primer or intermediate coat based on the surface treatment of the steel components. The steel structure surface must be clean, free of oil, rust, and other contaminants, and have a suitable surface roughness. First apply the primer, then the intermediate coat after it dries, and finally the topcoat. Multiple layers of coating should be applied, ensuring the film thickness meets requirements. Avoid coating areas that will be welded or connected later. Strictly adhere to the interval specified in the technical specifications between each coat; do not shorten the interval. Use spraying or brushing methods to avoid missed areas or uneven thickness. After coating, conduct visual inspection, thickness measurement, and adhesion testing. Touch up any areas that fail the tests until quality requirements are met. Lay flame-retardant rock wool insulation boards on the steel structure surface and secure them firmly. Ensure the insulation boards are tightly fitted, filling any gaps with insulation material to prevent thermal bridging. Apply a waterproof layer to the top to protect the insulation boards from water seepage from the cement board. Through strict anti-corrosion and insulation construction processes, the service life of steel structures can be effectively guaranteed, and they also have good heat insulation effects.

[0119] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A construction method for large-span, ultra-high, heavy-duty roof steel structures, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10. Precast steel: Precast steel components, including columns, beams, and scaffolding; S20. Construction drawing analysis: Using the node diagram model, identify the main nodes and key steps in the construction process based on the construction drawings; S30. Site Layout: Arrange the construction site according to the construction drawings and construction conditions; S40. Steel structure installation: Install the steel structure according to the construction drawings; S50. Welding and bolting: Welding and bolting of steel structures; S60. Steel structure adjustment: Adjust the installed steel structure to ensure that it meets the design requirements; S70, Steel Structure Corrosion Protection and Insulation: Complete the corrosion protection and insulation treatment of the steel structure; Specifically, S20 includes: establishing a node diagram model of the steel structure based on the construction drawings; obtaining the linear order of the nodes through topological sorting; establishing a critical path model and calculating the earliest and latest completion times of each node; introducing time margin to determine the criticality of the nodes; and outputting the main nodes and critical nodes. The node diagram model contains edges and nodes, where the edges represent steel and the nodes represent the points where the steel is welded.

2. The construction method for a large-span, ultra-high, heavy-duty roof steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel prefabrication steps specifically include: Review the construction drawings to clarify the specifications and quantities of various steel components required for the project; Based on the design drawings, determine the detailed dimensions of the steel components; The design drawings are provided to the steel structure processing plant, which then manufactures the steel components according to the drawings. The processed steel components are returned to the site for on-site testing. Rust prevention treatment for steel components; Number the precast steel components and match them with the design drawings, and back up the tables.

3. The construction method for a large-span, ultra-high, heavy-duty roof steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The site layout steps specifically include: Determine and mark the specific locations of the steel structures according to the construction drawings; A work and storage area was marked out around the steel structure location; The construction facilities were fenced off, and a construction access route was left open.

4. The construction method for a large-span, ultra-high, heavy-duty roof steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for installing the steel structure specifically include: The assembly sequence of the steel structure shall be determined according to the construction plan; On-site confirmation of the steel structure's location points and elevation; Use a crane to lift the steel components into place and temporarily connect and fix them; For tall steel structures, a segmented hoisting method is adopted to install components section by section; After installation, an overall alignment test is conducted to ensure that the steel structure alignment accuracy meets the requirements.

5. The construction method for a large-span, ultra-high, heavy-duty roof steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The welding and bolting connection steps specifically include: Clean the welded areas; Determine the weld type and weld size according to the construction drawings; After welding is completed, promptly clean the welding slag and perform repair welding. Perform ultrasonic or X-ray non-destructive testing to confirm that the weld quality meets the requirements.

6. The construction method for a large-span, ultra-high, heavy-duty roof steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for adjusting the steel structure specifically include: Based on the construction records, check the comparison between the actual installation and the design drawings; The actual deviation of the components was measured using a linear scale and a level. Calculate the amount that needs to be adjusted based on the deviation and mark it at the corresponding location; The crane lifts the corresponding component and makes minor adjustments to bring it back to its designed position. After adjustment, remeasurement was performed to confirm that the deviation was within the allowable range.

7. The construction method for a large-span, ultra-high, heavy-duty roof steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for corrosion protection and insulation of the steel structure specifically include: Select appropriate anti-corrosion coatings based on the environment in which the steel structure is used; Select the appropriate primer based on the surface treatment of the steel components; First apply the primer, then apply the intermediate coat after it dries, and finally apply the topcoat. The coating process can be carried out by spraying or brushing. After the coating is completed, visual inspection, thickness measurement, and adhesion test are carried out. Areas that fail the test are touched up with paint until the quality requirements are met.

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